Martin Luther King Jr. Holiday
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The Sermons of the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr
The Sermons of the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. A Jewish Response Elliot B. Gevtel T hough it has been an official state and federal observance only for less than a decade, it seems that we have always blessed the birthday of the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., through the almost two decades since he was tragically gunned down by a madman, at the prime of life, when his intellec tual and political gifts and talents were in full blossom and gave promise of even fuller growth in every way. It’s good and appropriate that we have a special day to mark his achievements. We need only hear his name to recall his uniQue and stunning powers of oratory which yielded the immortal “I Have A Dream” address, as important to our national heritage as Lincoln’s address at Gettysburg or FDR’s various inaugural addresses. King’s greatness is such that whenever we think of the turbulence of the Sixties, we mark his courage in the cause of nonviolent demonstration for civil rights, for in his peaceful but forceful use of boycotts and sit-ins and prayer he subjected himself to terrible dangers of brutality at the hands of sheriffs and deputies and mobs, not to mention malevolent men in seats of national power, who regarded his message of eQual rights and opportunities to be a greater threat to their petty prejudices than the worst criminal action. When we ask if there is such a thing as a modern prophet, we recall that many found in his unforgettable oratory and in his risking of life and limb for the message he bore—the spirit and the uncompromising truth of the Hebrew Prophets of old. -
HSCA Final Report: II. Findings
A. JAMES EARL RAY FIRED ONE SHOT AT DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., THE SHOT KILLED DR. KING Shortly after 6 p.m. on April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., was shot and mortally wounded as he stood on the second-floor balcony outside his room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tenn. He was pronounced dead at 7 :05 p.m. at St. Joseph Hospital. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old convicted armed robber who had escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, Mo., on April 23, 1967, pleaded guilty on March 10, 1969, in Shelby County (Tenn.) Criminal Court to the first degree murder of Dr. King. He was sentenced to 99 years at the State penitentiary. (a) Biography of James Earl Ray James Earl Ray was born on March 10, 1928, in Alton, Ill. The Ray family moved a few miles from Alton to Bowling Green, Mo., in 1930, and 5 years later they moved to near Ewing, Mo., where Ray received his elementary school education. At age 16, Ray moved back to Alton, where he lived with his grand- mother. He worked in the dye room of the International Shoe Tannery in nearby East Hartford, 111. He was laid off in December 1945 and, 6 weeks later, enlisted in the Army. He was stationed in West Ger- many where he was charged with drunkenness and breaking arrest. Ray was discharged for ineptness and lack of adaptability for service in December 1948. After his discharge, Ray returned to stay with his grandmother in Alton, Ill., and embarked on a life of odd jobs and jail sentences. -
Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther King’S Book, the Time Magazine Honors Dr King As “Man Violent Riots Where Do We Go from 1946 1955 Measure of a Man Is Published
1959 1964 1966 1967 Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther King’s book, The Time magazine honors Dr King as “Man Violent riots Where Do We Go From 1946 1955 Measure of a Man is published. of the Year”. Dr King’s third book, Why continue to Here, Dr King’s fourth book The US Supreme Court Rosa Parks is arrested We Can’t Wait is published. Dr King is break out. is published. Thurgood bans segregation in for refusing to give up 1958 1960 arrested for trying to eat in a “whites only” Dr King Marshall is the first interstate bus travel. her bus seat to a white Dr King is Dr King and his family restaurant. Lyndon B. Johnson signs the marches for African American on the Race riots begin. passenger. Dr King stabbed by a move to Atlanta. He is Public Accommodation and Fair Employment open housing US Supreme Court. Dr King 1986 President Truman 1929 becomes the president woman while arrested for breaking sections of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. in Chicago. makes an appeal for people Martin Luther King, Jr. Day 2004 investigates racism in Martin Luther King, of the Montgomery at a book Georgia’s trespassing laws Martin Luther King, Jr. is the youngest He is stoned to stop rioting, as may becomes a national holiday Dr King is awarded a America. Jr. is born. Improvement Association. signing. while picketing in Atlanta. person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. by onlookers. participants are being killed. in the US. Congressional Gold Medal. 1900 2000 Overlap pages here pages Overlap 1947 1953 1956 1961 1965 1968 1968 Dr King decides King marries Dr King’s house is bombed. -
Martin Luther King, Jr. Civil Rights Movement
Martin Luther King, Jr. Civil Rights Movement By Lebron Chapter 1: Introduction to the Civil Rights Movement The Civil Rights Movement was from 1954 - 1968. Back then, whites and blacks didn't get along because they weren't treated the same. The African Americans couldn't eat with the whites. African Americans couldn't use the same restaurants and eat with whites. Black people couldn't sit anywhere they wanted on the bus, but white people could. White kids were separated from African American kids for school. During the Civil Rights Movement, people were trying to change that African Americans would be treated equal like white people. After King changed the world he got assassinated by a white man. Chapter 1: Introduction to the Civil Rights Movement The Civil Rights Movement was from 1954 - 1968. Back then, whites and blacks didn't get along because they weren't treated the same. The African Americans couldn't eat with the whites. African Americans couldn't use the same restaurants and eat with whites. Black people couldn't sit anywhere they wanted on the bus, but white people could. White kids were separated from African American kids for school. During the Civil Rights Movement, people were trying to change that African Americans would be treated equal like white people. After King changed the world he got assassinated by a white man. Quotes from Martin Luther King Chapter 2 : Martin Luther King, Jr " Love is the only force capable of transforming an enemy into a friend." Martin Luther King's Accomplishments This means that the only at to get people to be nice is to say nice words. -
The Atlanta Journal and Constitution March 29, 1998, Sunday, ALL EDITIONS
The Atlanta Journal and Constitution March 29, 1998, Sunday, ALL EDITIONS New 'leads' in King case invariably go nowhere David J. Garrow PERSPECTIVE; Pgs. C1, C2. LENGTH: 1775 words Do the never-ending claims of revelations concerning the April 4, 1968, assassination of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. leave you a bit confused? What should we make of the assertion that U.S. Army military intelligence --- and President Lyndon B. Johnson --- were somehow involved? Why is Jack Ruby, who killed Lee Harvey Oswald two days after Oswald assassinated President John F. Kennedy in 1963, now turning up in the King assassination story? And what about former FBI agent Donald Wilson's claim that notes he pilfered from James Earl Ray's automobile and then concealed for 30 years contain a significant telephone number. Maybe you saw the ABC "Turning Point" documentary with Forrest Sawyer that demolished the Army intelligence allegations. Or perhaps you watched CBS' "48 Hours" broadcast with Dan Rather last week, which refuted the claims that some fictional character named "Raoul," acting in cahoots with Ruby, was responsible for both the Kennedy and the King assassinations. Don't worry. All of this actually is easier to follow than you may think, so long as you keep a relatively simply score card. All you need to do is remember the "three R's" --- Ray, "Raoul" and Ruby --- and also distinguish the "three P's" --- William F. Pepper, Gerald Posner and Marc Perrusquia. Ray you know. Now 70 years old and seriously ill, Ray pleaded guilty to King's slaying in 1969 but has spent the past 29 years trying to withdraw his plea. -
MARTIN LUTHER KING and the PHILOSOPHY of NONVIOLENCE Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia
Bill of Rights Constitutional Rights in Action Foundation SUMMER 2017 Volume 32 No4 MARTIN LUTHER KING AND THE PHILOSOPHY OF NONVIOLENCE Wikimedia Commons Wikimedia Martin Luther King, Jr. addressing the crowd of about 250,000 people at the March on Washington in August 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr. is remembered for his achievements The man, who turned out to be an American Nazi Party in civil rights and for the methods he used to get there — member, continued to flail. namely, nonviolence. More than just a catchphrase, more than just the “absence of violence,” and more than just a tactic, The integrated audience at first thought the whole nonviolence was a philosophy that King honed over the thing was staged, a mock demonstration of King’s non- course of his adult life. It has had a profound, lasting influ- violent philosophy in action. But as King reeled, and real ence on social justice movements at home and abroad. blood spurted from his face, they began to realize it was In September 1962, King convened a meeting of the no act. Finally, several SCLC members rushed the stage Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), the to stop the attack. main organizational force behind his civil rights activism, But they stopped short when King shouted, “Don’t in Birmingham, Alabama. King was giving a talk on the touch him! Don’t touch him! We have to pray for him.” need for nonviolent action in the face of violent white The SCLC men pulled the Nazi off King, who was beaten racism when a white man jumped on stage and, without so badly he couldn’t continue the speech. -
Social Studies TOPIC U.S
2018-2019 Reading List Social Studies TOPIC U.S. Civil Rights Movements: Fulfilling a Nation’s Promise PRIMARY READING SELECTION The Race Beat: The Press, the Civil Rights Struggle, and the Awakening of a Nation, by Gene Roberts and Hank Klibanoff Vintage; (2007) ISBN: 978-0679735656! Available from Texas Educational Paperbacks, Inc ! 800-443-2078 www.tepbooks.com List price: $17.00, TEP UIL price: $11.05 plus shipping Also available from most online book sellers SUPPLEMENTAL READING MATERIAL Supreme Court Cases • Dred Scott v. Sanford (1856) • Roe v. Wade (1973) • Civil Rights Cases (1883) • Lau v. Nichols (1974) • Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) • Plyler v. Doe (1982) • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) • Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (1986) • Missouri ex el Gaines v. Canada (1938) • Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) • Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) • UAW v. Johnson Controls (1991) • Sweatt v. Painter (1950) • Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools • Briggs v. Elliot (1952) (1992) • Hernandez v. Texas (1954) • US v. Virginia (1996) • Brown v. Board of Education (1954) • Romer v. Evans (1996) • Brown v. Board of Education II (1955) • Faragher v. City of Boca Raton (1998) • Browder v Gayle (1956) • Lawrence v. Texas (2003) • Heart of Atlanta Motel Inc. v. U.S. (1964) • Shelby County v. Holder (2013) • Loving v. Virginia (1967) • United States v. Windsor (2013) • Jones v. Mayer Co. (1968) • Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. (2014) • Griggs v. Duke Power Co. (1971) • Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Legislation th th th th • Title IX of the Federal Education • 5 , 14 , 15 , 24 Amendments • Civil Rights Act of 1875 Amendments (1972) • Civil Rights Act of 1957 • Equal Rights Amendment (1972) • Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 • Voting Rights Act (1965) • Americans with Disabilities Act of • Fair Housing Act (1968) 1990 Speeches & Movement Documents • The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments • I’ve Been to the Mountaintop, Martin Luther (1848) King, Jr. -
“My Pilgrimage to Nonviolence” the Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers Project
ofJesus Christ deals with the whole man-his body as well as his soul, the earthly 1 Sept as well as the heavenly. 1958 PD. Ebony, September 1958, p. 68. The Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers Project “My Pilgrimage to Nonviolence” 1 September 1958 New York, N.Y. This sho-rtened version of chapter six of Stride Toward Freedom appeared in the September issue of Fellowship. In it, King traces the philosophical and theological underpinnings of his commitment to nonviolence, stating that “Gandhi was probably thejrst person in history to lqt the love ethic ofJesus above meinteraction between individuals to a powerjid and effective social force on a large scale.” King afimhis conviction that nonviolent resistance is “one of the most potent weapons available to oppressed people in their quest for social justice. ” Explaining that he “neitherstarted” the Montgomery bus boycott “nmsuggested it,” King concludes: Ziving through the actual experience of the protest, nonviolence became more than a method to which Igave intellectual assent; it became a commitment to a way of lqe. ” King includes a discussion of communism S relationship to Christianity, which borrows both ideas and phrasingpom an essay @ Robert McCracken, minister at New York S Riverside Church.’ Often the question has arisen concerning my own intellectual pilgrimage to nonviolence. In order to get at this question it is necessary to go back to my early teens in Atlanta. I had grown up abhorring not only segregation but also the op- pressive and barbarous acts that grew out of it. I had passed spots where Negroes had been savagely lynched, and had watched the Ku KIux Klan on its rides at night. -
Martin Luther King Jr
Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who The Reverend became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the American civil rights movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. King Martin Luther King Jr. advanced civil rights through nonviolence and civil disobedience, inspired by his Christian beliefs and the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi. He was the son of early civil rights activist Martin Luther King Sr. King participated in and led marches for blacks' right to vote, desegregation, labor rights, and other basic civil rights.[1] King led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott and later became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). As president of the SCLC, he led the unsuccessful Albany Movement in Albany, Georgia, and helped organize some of the nonviolent 1963 protests in Birmingham, Alabama. King helped organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. The SCLC put into practice the tactics of nonviolent protest with some success by strategically choosing the methods and places in which protests were carried out. There were several dramatic stand-offs with segregationist authorities, who sometimes turned violent.[2] FBI King in 1964 Director J. Edgar Hoover considered King a radical and made him an 1st President of the Southern Christian object of the FBI's COINTELPRO from 1963, forward. FBI agents investigated him for possible communist ties, recorded his extramarital Leadership Conference affairs and reported on them to government officials, and, in 1964, In office mailed King a threatening anonymous letter, which he interpreted as an attempt to make him commit suicide.[3] January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968 On October 14, 1964, King won the Nobel Peace Prize for combating Preceded by Position established racial inequality through nonviolent resistance. -
The Political Thought of Martin Luther King, Jr
POSC 351 The Political Thought of Martin Luther King, Jr. Winter 2013 Prof: Barbara Allen Tues Thurs WCC239 WCC 231 Mon – Thurs by appointment 10:10- 11:55 Sign up Using Moodle The Course This interdisciplinary seminar will examine the speeches, sermons, and writings of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. We will study King’s ideas as part of the larger discourse of non-violence and social justice that is foundational to King’s political action. King’s articulation of these ideas can be understood in several contexts: as part of a tradition of African-American political thought, as embedded in African-American Christian tradition, as a contribution to American civil religion, as an example of self-governing, vigilant citizenship expressed by The Federalist, and as part of an American tradition of optimism and eclectic liberal philosophy and action. We will look at King’s ideas in the context of the civil rights movement using historical assessments of the movement and its goals and through the lens of contemporary models of collective action, especially the dilemmas of coordinated, voluntary political participation. One of our goals will be to draw out the complexities of these ideas to see how they challenge the practice of democracy in the US and liberal political theory today. We will also look more broadly at the pan-African anti-colonial struggle with writings from three contemporaries of King, Frantz Fanon, Albert Memmi, and Amilcar Cabral. The reciprocal influences of these writers help us add another dimension to our study of liberation, civil rights, and social justice as a global challenge. -
Who Killed Martin Luther King? by Maria Gilardin / April 4Th, 2008
Skip to content Who Killed Martin Luther King? by Maria Gilardin / April 4th, 2008 This article is based on the work of a remarkable man. Dr. William Pepper is an attorney, author, and friend of Martin Luther King and his family. In February 1967 King had asked to meet a young man whose work as a journalist in Vietnam showed the terrible impact on the civilian population. King wept and never wavered in his opposition to the war. That young man was Bill Pepper. He became James Earl Ray’s lawyer and assembled the evidence that exonerated Ray — some of which is described below. Six-oh-one p.m., April 4th, 1968, Martin Luther King has been felled by a single shot. In 1977 the family of Martin Luther King engaged an attorney and friend, Dr. William Pepper, to investigate a suspicion they had. They no longer believed that James Earl Ray was the killer. For their peace of mind, for an accurate record of history, and out of a sense of justice they conducted a two decade long investigation. The evidence they uncovered was put before a jury in Memphis, TN, in November 1999. 70 witnesses testified under oath, 4,000 pages of transcripts described the evidence, much of it new. It took the jury 59 minutes to come back with their decision that Loyd Jowers, owner of Jim’s Grill, had participated in a conspiracy to kill King, a conspiracy that included J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI, Richard Helms and the CIA, the military, the Memphis Police Department (MPD), and organized crime. -
Letters to SCLC
OUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE N INSIDE THIS ISSUE ~ii' B'ham Keeping Promise Page ::1::: Editorial ___ ___ __ ______ ___ ___ ____ Page i :i.:",,'I.:':I.: I Volume 1 August, 1963 Number 11 ~~~~~~~bThe SCLC Bookshelf~~ ~__ __ gPage :7 :1:ii: Birmingham Moves To End Segregation As Voter Drive Mounts The last vestiges of segregation be gan crumbling in Birmingham, Ala., on .•' July 30 as lunch counters in the down town shopping area and outlying sub urban communities began desegregat ing their facilities and serving Negroes without incident. The move was part ~. of a four-point settlement plan agreed to on May 10 following a crucial five _ ....".. ... , .. ,. '¥l weeks of non-violent demonstrations, mass jailings and the use of fire hoses and vicious K-9 corps police dogs. The integration of Birmingham's lunch counters in 14 stores within a two-day period Artist's sketch (above) of new churches being erected on site of ruins of bombed and burned out churches in Southwest Georgia is imposing structure. Below, Jackie Robinson (foreground) and Rev. followed closely earlier "good faith" efforts Wyatt Tee Walker examine ruins of Mt. Olive Baptist Church in Terrell County, Georgia. on the part of Birmingham authorities to live up to the agreement. Within a few days after the settlement was reached, the following were accomplished: I.) Fitting rooms were desegregated (within three days). 2.) White-Negro signs were removed from drinking fountains and public rest rooms (with in 30 days) . 3.) Public golf courses, closed by the city following a court order last year that they be desegregated, were re-opened voluntarily with four of the city's seven links thrown open on an integrated basis.