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Internet Based Learning for Ancient Tamil
Vol.1 No.1 July 2013 ISSN : 2321 – 788X Internet Based Learning For Ancient Tamil R. Nithya M.Phil. Scholar, Govt. Arts College, Ooty, Dr.E. Senavarayan Govt. Arts College, Ooty. Abstract The land of Tamil speech and people was in ancient times ruled by three famous lines of king, the Chera, Chola, and Pandiya. The land ruled by them was called Chera Nadu (Chera country), Chola Nadu (Chola country), and Pandiya Nadu (Pandiaya country) respectively. The landmass covered by the present-day Kerala State in the South India formed a major part of Chera Nadu, the Central and Northern parts of present Tamil Nadu were the then Chola Nadu and the Southern part of Tamil Nadu was the Pandiya Nadu. Tamils are of Dravidian origin. Many historians claim that the Dravidians, before the dawn of the history of the Tamils, were spread all over India. For various reason they split into small groups. Consequently, the original language also split into different languages. Tamil is found to have retained about 80 per cent of the features of the original Dravidian language.There are three major sub-groups in the Dravidian family of language, namely, South Dravidian, Central Dravidian, and North Dravidian. Internet based Tamil resources to Tamil communities living in different part of globe as well as others interested learn in Tamil. To develop and deliver internet based learning Tamil material in Tamil Keywords: language, literature and culture to global. Tamil people and others interested. The languagesChera of Naduthe South, Chola Dravidian Nadu, Pandiya sub-group Nadu, Valayapathi, Kundalakesi, Panchkavyams The1. -
Intelligence System for Tamil Vattezhuttuoptical
Mr R.Vinoth et al. / International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Technology (IJCSET) INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM FOR TAMIL VATTEZHUTTUOPTICAL CHARACTER RCOGNITION Mr R.Vinoth Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology Agni college of Technology, Chennai, India [email protected] Rajesh R. UG Student, Department of Information Technology Agni college of Technology, Chennai, India [email protected] Yoganandhan P. UG Student, Department of Information Technology Agni college of Technology, Chennai, India [email protected] Abstract--A system that involves character recognition and information retrieval of Palm Leaf Manuscript. The conversion of ancient Tamil to the present Tamil digital text format. Various algorithms were used to find the OCR for different languages, Ancient letter conversion still possess a big challenge. Because Image recognition technology has reached near-perfection when it comes to scanning Tamil text. The proposed system overcomes such a situation by converting all the palm manuscripts into Tamil digital text format. Though the Tamil scripts are difficult to understand. We are using this approach to solve the existing problems and convert it to Tamil digital text. Keyword - Vatteluttu Tamil (VT); Data set; Character recognition; Neural Network. I. INTRODUCTION Tamil language is one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world. Tamilnadu is a place, where the Palm Leaf Manuscript has been preserved. There are some difficulties to preserve the Palm Leaf Manuscript. So, we need to preserve the Palm Leaf Manuscript by converting to the form of digital text format. Computers and Smart devices are used by mostof them now a day. So, this system helps to convert and preserve in a fine manner. -
Study Report on Gaja Cyclone 2018 Study Report on Gaja Cyclone 2018
Study Report on Gaja Cyclone 2018 Study Report on Gaja Cyclone 2018 A publication of: National Disaster Management Authority Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India NDMA Bhawan A-1, Safdarjung Enclave New Delhi - 110029 September 2019 Study Report on Gaja Cyclone 2018 National Disaster Management Authority Ministry of Home Affairs Government of India Table of Content Sl No. Subject Page Number Foreword vii Acknowledgement ix Executive Summary xi Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Cyclone Gaja 13 Chapter 3 Preparedness 19 Chapter 4 Impact of the Cyclone Gaja 33 Chapter 5 Response 37 Chapter 6 Analysis of Cyclone Gaja 43 Chapter 7 Best Practices 51 Chapter 8 Lessons Learnt & Recommendations 55 References 59 jk"Vªh; vkink izca/u izkf/dj.k National Disaster Management Authority Hkkjr ljdkj Government of India FOREWORD In India, tropical cyclones are one of the common hydro-meteorological hazards. Owing to its long coastline, high density of population and large number of urban centers along the coast, tropical cyclones over the time are having a greater impact on the community and damage the infrastructure. Secondly, the climate change is warming up oceans to increase both the intensity and frequency of cyclones. Hence, it is important to garner all the information and critically assess the impact and manangement of the cyclones. Cyclone Gaja was one of the major cyclones to hit the Tamil Nadu coast in November 2018. It lfeft a devastating tale of destruction on the cyclone path damaging houses, critical infrastructure for essential services, uprooting trees, affecting livelihoods etc in its trail. However, the loss of life was limited. -
Unit 10 Early Tamil Society – Regions and Their Cultures and Cult of Hero Worship
UNIT 10 EARLY TAMIL SOCIETY – REGIONS AND THEIR CULTURES AND CULT OF HERO WORSHIP Structure 10.0 Introduction 10.1 Sources 10.1.1 Sangam Literature 10.1.2 Foreign Accounts 10.1.3 Archaeological Materials 10.1.4 Tamil Brahmi Inscriptions 10.1.5 Coins – Indian and Roman 10.2 Regions and their Cultures (Aintinai/Five Fold Landscape) 10.2.1 Tinai Concept 10.2.2 Kurinji 10.2.3 Mullai 10.2.4 Marutam 10.2.5 Neytal 10.2.6 Palai 10.3 Polity 10.4 Cult of Hero Worship 10.5 Summary 10.6 Glossary 10.7 Exercises 10.0 INTRODUCTION In this unit we will study the Early Historic period in the Tamil country that witnessed significant developments in a number of areas. One of the important contributions of this period was the composition of the early Tamil texts, collectively known as the Sangam literature. The other important characteristics of this period include the Indo- Roman trade, which became active from the first century A.D. onwards, introduction of Tamil Brahmi script, beginning of urbanisation, and the continuing tradition of megaliths. The Early Historic period, which is also called the Sangam Age, is generally placed between fifth century B.C. and fifth century A.D. We are particularly concerned with the cult of hero worship in the context of the regions and their cultures. Geographically, the ancient Tamil country was bounded by Venkatam (Tirupathi Hills in Andhra Pradesh) in the north, Kumari (Kanyakumarai or Cape Comarin) in the south and the seas (the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea) on the east and the west. -
Review of Research Impact Factor : 5.2331(Uif) Ugc Approved Journal No
Review Of ReseaRch impact factOR : 5.2331(Uif) UGc appROved JOURnal nO. 48514 issn: 2249-894X vOlUme - 7 | issUe - 10 | JUly - 2018 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ THE CONTRIBUTION OF JAINS TO TAMIL LITERATURE V. Sudha Ph.D., Research Scholar, Dept of History, St.Joseph’s college of Arts & Science (Autonomous), Cuddalore. ABSTRACT Jains emphasize the commandment of ahimsa (non-violence]in their literary works. All their works centre around virtuous living, control of the senses, avoidance of carnal pleasures and aiming for liberation from the cycle of birth and death. Jain literature in general is set in a didactic tone and jain authors, a majority of them ascetics, always took care that their writings were accessible to a considerable mass of people. The following account though brief, is meant to help assess the part the jains [samanars] played in the literary history of the tamil country. The contribution of jains to tamil begins with their gift of script to the tamil language. The unassailable proof of this is the occurrence of a number of jaintamil-brahmi and vattezhththu inscriptions .the antiquity of the relationship between Jainism and tamil provide valuable data for the study of the early phase of Jainism in the tamil country, apart from being important sources for the early history of tamil society and language. The classical dignity and literary superiority which the tamil language has reached are due to the pioneering work of jain authors. The contribution made by jains to tamil literature is illustrated briefly below. KEYWORDS : Jains emphasize , tamil country , classical dignity and literary superiority. INTRODUCTION Jains emphasize the commandment of ahimsa (non-violence]in their literary works. -
The Mother- Goddess Kannaki in South India 1K
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 2667-2674 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu Special Issue ijpam.eu The Mother- Goddess Kannaki in South India 1K. Varsha 1University of Hyderabad. The epic being the oldest and widely accepted form in literature renders the story of the adventures and successes of men in war. These long narratives also deal with the incarnations of gods and goddesses and their interventions in human life. The country India is popular for its wide range of epic and mythological narratives which are numbered among the fine classics in the contemporary society. The Indian epics are full of discourses on morality, etiquette and on sacredness. They instruct and direct people in their social life through beautiful stories. All these epics and mythologies, in a way, found to be teachings to women on their duties and responsibilities and on the kind of behaviour expected of them. Most of the epics are replete with accounts of women who are revered for their virtue. Women became respectable in their culture by adhering to ‘pativrata dharma’. A woman is considered to be a ‘pativrata’ or a chaste one when she surrenders herself to her family and husband, irrespective of their treatment to her. The heroines of the Ramayana and Mahabharata are surprisingly contemporary for modern women in this respect. Women of epics are considered to be strong personalities, cherishing their autonomy and having no qualms about arguing for and securing their rights. The epic women like Sita, Draupadi, Kunti, Mandodari, Gandharietc are esteemed as the best models for Hindu womanhood. -
BHARATANATYAM.Pdf
A COMMON LAYOUT FOR REVISED SYLLABUS OF UNDER GRADUATE PROGRAMMES (OBTE-OUTCOME BASED TEACHING AND LEARNING) SREE SANKARACHARYA UNIVERSITY OF SANSKRIT KALADY SYLLABUS OF B.A. BHARATHANATYAM - 2020 Content: 1. Programme Outcomes of SSUS 2. General structure of the B.A. Programme 3. Programme Specific Outcomes (PSOs) of Department of Bharathanatyam for B.A. Bharathanatyam 4. Proposed Semester wise Distribution of Courses 5. Semester Wise Course Wise Details PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POS) OF SSUS FOR UG PROGRAMMES POI. Disciplinary knowledge: Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge and understanding of one or more disciplines that form a part of an Under Graduate Programme of study, emphasizing an awareness on traditional Indian wisdom. PO2. Effective articulation: Comprehend complex information and texts and express thoughts and ideas effectively in writing and orally; communicate using appropriate media and present information in a lucid and concise manner to different groups; formulate coherent arguments; to plan, execute and report the results of an investigation. PO3. Analytical reasoning: Evaluate the reliability and relevance of evidence; identify logical flaws in the arguments of others; analyse and synthesise data from a variety of sources, addressing opposing viewpoints; draw valid conclusions and support them with evidence and examples. PO4. Research-oriented and general critical spirit of inquiry: Develop a sense of inquiry and capability to ask relevant / appropriate questions, problematise, synthesize and articulate; critically evaluate arguments, claims, beliefs, practices, policies and theories on the basis of empirical evidence; identify relevant assumptions; recognize cause-and-effect relationships, formulate hypotheses and test them, following a scientific approach to knowledge production. PO5. Multicultural competence: Possess knowledge of the values and beliefs of multiple cultures including one's own and develop a global perspective; effectively engage in a multicultural society and interact tolerantly and respectfully with diverse groups. -
Economic and Cultural History of Tamilnadu from Sangam Age to 1800 C.E
I - M.A. HISTORY Code No. 18KP1HO3 SOCIO – ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF TAMILNADU FROM SANGAM AGE TO 1800 C.E. UNIT – I Sources The Literay Sources Sangam Period The consisted, of Tolkappiyam a Tamil grammar work, eight Anthologies (Ettutogai), the ten poems (Padinen kell kanakku ) the twin epics, Silappadikaram and Manimekalai and other poems. The sangam works dealt with the aharm and puram life of the people. To collect various information regarding politics, society, religion and economy of the sangam period, these works are useful. The sangam works were secular in character. Kallabhra period The religious works such as Tamil Navalar Charital,Periyapuranam and Yapperumkalam were religious oriented, they served little purpose. Pallava Period Devaram, written by Apper, simdarar and Sambandar gave references tot eh socio economic and the religious activities of the Pallava age. The religious oriented Nalayira Tivya Prabandam also provided materials to know the relation of the Pallavas with the contemporary rulers of South India. The Nandikkalambakam of Nandivarman III and Bharatavenba of Perumdevanar give a clear account of the political activities of Nandivarman III. The early pandya period Limited Tamil sources are available for the study of the early Pandyas. The Pandikkovai, the Periyapuranam, the Divya Suri Carita and the Guruparamparai throw light on the study of the Pandyas. The Chola Period The chola empire under Vijayalaya and his successors witnessed one of the progressive periods of literary and religious revival in south India The works of South Indian Vishnavism arranged by Nambi Andar Nambi provide amble information about the domination of Hindu religion in south India. -
S.No STORE NAME STORE ADDRESS CITY STATE 1 Giriasmysore Roadblr No 1/1/4, 7Th Cross, Guddadahalli, Mysore Road BANGALORE Karnata
S.No STORE_NAME STORE ADDRESS CITY STATE No 1/1/4, 7Th Cross, Guddadahalli, Mysore 1 GiriasMysore RoadBLR BANGALORE Karnataka Road 1035, 125, 20Th Main Road, 5Th Block, 2 GiriasRajaji NagarBLR BANGALORE Karnataka Rajajinagar, Beside Sub Registrar Office GiriasKammanhalli Bus 422, 2Nd Block 11, Rbr Layout, Opp Kamana 3 BANGALORE Karnataka DepotBLR Halli, Bus Depot, Kammanhalli Bus Depot 4 GiriasJayanagarBLR 37, 100 Feet Road,1St Block, Jayanagar BANGALORE Karnataka 138 Shooley Circle, Brigade Road, Near 5 GiriasBrigade RoadBLR BANGALORE Karnataka Brigade Tower Nalpad Apsara Chambers,K S Rao Road, 6 GiriasKS Road RoadBLR BANGALORE Karnataka Hampanakatta, K S Road No 36/D, Mysore Trade Centre Building, 7 GiriasGiri RoadMysore MYSORE Karnataka Opposite To Ksrtc Bus Stop, B N Road 8 GiriasDesai CrossHubli No 101/1, New Desai Cross, Club Road HUBLI Karnataka 526, Amer Jyoti Layout, Koramangala, 9 GiriasKoramangalaBLR BANGALORE Karnataka Indiranagar, Inter Ring Road, Opp Dell Opposite Mangala Hospital And Syndicate 10 GiriasKadari RoadBLR BANGALORE Karnataka Bank, Kadri Road 92, 3,Outer Ring Road,Munnekolal Village, 11 GiriasMarathalliBLR BANGALORE Karnataka Varthur Hobli,Marathahalli No 193 4A , NS Playa Btm 2Nd Stage, 12 GiriasBTM LayoutBLR BANGALORE Karnataka Bannerghatta Road 13 GiriasIndra NagarBLR 100 Ft Road, Indira Nagar -3, Stage, Indira BANGALORE Karnataka No 190, 2Nd Block, 2Nd Stage, Next Tosbi 14 GiriasNagarabhavi BLR BANGALORE Karnataka Nagar, Bhavi Layout Nagara GiriasBellary Main 1, 1 Sadashiva Nagar, Bellary Road, Bellary 15 -
The Phases of Flower in Sangam Tamil Literature
SHANLAX s han lax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities # S I N C E 1 9 9 0 The Phases of Flower in Sangam Tamil Literature M. Anbarasu OPEN ACCESS Post Doctoral Fellow, Department of Agronomy (Farm) Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Manuscript ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-4454 ASH-2020-08013161 D. Udhaya Nandhini Volume: 8 Post Doctoral Fellow, Centre of Excellence in Sustaining Soil Health Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India Issue: 1 Abstract A flower is the reproductive part of flowering plants. Within the flowering stage of flower had Month: July different phases like Arumbu / Bud, Mottu / Tender flower Bud, Mugai / Opening bud, Malar / Flower blossom, Alar / Full-blown flower blossom, Vee / Flower drying and Semmal / Faded flower Year: 2020 in Sangam Tamil literature. The Sangam Tamil literature was accompanied of Tamil scholars and poets that, according to phases flower are indicated in Thirukkural, Narrinai, Purananuru, P-ISSN: 2321-788X Kuruntokai, Silappatikaram, etc., This review is more useful to researchers for understanding the floral scent properties relation to phases of flower and associated with releasing dynamics for fragrant / scent out of flower. E-ISSN: 2582-0397 Keywords: Phases of flower, Sangam literature, Flower, Flower fragrant and floral scent. Received: 22.04.2020 Introduction A flower is the reproductive part of flowering plants (Angiosperms). The Accepted: 16.06.2020 first step of the transition is the transformation of the vegetative stem primordia Published: 02.07.2020 into floral primordia. This occurs as biochemical changes take place to change cellular differentiation of leaf, bud, and stem tissues into tissue that will grow Citation: into the reproductive organs. -
Kannagi Dialogue in Tamil 37Pdf
Kannagi Dialogue In Tamil 37.pdf 1 / 4 Kannagi Dialogue In Tamil 37.pdf 2 / 4 3 / 4 As a literary work, Silappadikaram is held in high regard by the Tamil people. ... The epic revolves around Kannagi, who having lost her husband to a .... as his own monologue often quoting the dialogues he has known or witnessed. .... "cilappatikAram of iLangkO atikaL part 2: maturaik kANTam" (PDF). projectmadurai.org.. Name of Property. Seven Sub-clusters of the Western Ghats in the States of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, ...... the area. Of these, 37 species are endemic to the Western Ghats and 9 are ...... Kannagi Temple on the northern boundary of PTR, Sabarimala — Lord ...... Conservation Society, India. www.wcsindia.org/sedimentreport.pdf.. DOC PPT TXT PDF XLS Buddhist Ceremonies and Ritual of Sri Lanka 00 .. World Storytelling Institute and Oxford Bookstore, Chennai, .... In Tamil politics, as the above quote highlights, the creation of political monu- ments ..... 29–37). Based upon this traditional understanding of the sacred patron, .... Given his long connection to Kannagi imagery, Karunanidhi was then able to .... status is continually reaffirmed through their patronage and political dialogue on .... Kannagi Dialogue In Tamil Pdf Free > http://urllio.com/rtccj 89e59902e3 Karunanidhi effectively used his dialogues in Thirumbi Paar (Look .... Sydney Oneday. 6. articles · Sydney Test. 37. articles · SydneyTest. 1. article ...... திருக்குறள் pdf ...... Kovalan varalaru tamil · Kannagi life history tamil · Kannaki dialogue tamil · kannaki valkai varalaru tamil · Kannan manthiram Tamil .... Kannagi based on tamil classic silappadikaaram amar chitra katha comics for ios free Silapathikaram ... Tag: silapathikaram story in tamil pdf February Month Current Affairs 2018 PDF Download · Tamil Current .. -
Manimekalai's Renunciation
MANIMEKALAI’S RENUNCIATION by Dr (Smt) PREMA NANDAKUMAR TRANSACTION No. 76 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF WORLD CULTURE Bangalore 560 004 TRANSACTIONS Many valuable lectures are given, papers read, discussed and oral reviews of outstanding books presented at the Indian Institute of World Culture. These Transactions represent some of these lectures and papers and are printed for wider dissemination in the cause of better intercultural understanding so important for world peace and human brotherhood. TRANSACTION No. 76 In August 1987 Dr. (Smt.) Prema Nandakumar was invited to deliver the Annual Founder’s Day address in memory of the founders of the Institute, Shri B. P. Wadia and Smt. Sophia Wadia. Dr. Nandakumar chose for her topic an ancient Tamil classic which remains untranslated into English © 1987, THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF WORLD CULTURE All Rights Reserved Printed by W Q Judge Press, 52 (old 97) Residency Road. Bangalore 560 025 and published by the Indian Institute of World Culture, 6 Shri B P Wadia Road, Basavangudi, Bangalore 560 004. Printed in India. MANIMEKALAI'S RENUNCIATION by PKEMA NANDAKUMAR Ever Since I chose-Sri Aurobindo’s Savitri for my doctoral dissertation Three decades go, epic heroines have endlessly, fascinated me and when presently I began studying ancient Tamil literature, I felt overwhelmed by three great epic heroines who shed the lustre of the Messed feminine in three different stances: Kannaki of Silappadhikaram, Manimekalai of Sathanar’s epic and Vijayai of Jeevaka Chintamani, who bring to t& thus total involvement in love which only woman is capable of as wife, as daughter, and as mother.