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Seoul Metropolitan Region : Growth Patterns and Policy Agenda

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(1/35) Seoul Metropolitan Region : Growth Patterns and Policy Agenda October 13. 2004 Hee-Yun Jung Seoul Development Institute (SDI) (2/35) Contents Ⅰ. Profile of the SMR Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR Ⅲ. Mobility Patterns of the SMR Ⅳ. Policy Agenda 1 (3/35) Ⅰ. Profile of the Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR) (4/35) Profile of Seoul Metropolitan Region(SMR) • Political, economic and cultural center of the Korea - Population : 46% of the national total (21.4mil.) - Area : 12% of total national area (11,753 km2 ) 2 Profile of the SM(5/35)R • Administrative structure - Seoul Capital City - Inchon City - Kyonggi province (25 cities and 6 counties) • Changes in the population (unit : 1,000 persons) Concentration in the SM(6/35)R Share of the SMR (2000) Share of the Indices • Leading role in the growth SMR Area 11.8% of Korea Population 45.6% - high concentration of population, GRDP 46.4% economic and other activities Bussiness 43.7% Establishments Manufacturing 48.8% • Positive Side: Establishments - growth engine of national Bank Deposits 66.1% economy Bank Loan 61.5% Universites 42.3% • Negative Side: Government 69.4% - overcrowding organizations Public - cause of regional disparity 83.3% Enterprises 3 (7/35) Population Growth Trends of Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR Major World Cities unit:1,000 person 12,000 10,000 Seoul Seoul Tokyo 8,000 New YorkTokyo LondonNewYork BeijingLondon 6,000 Paris Paris 4,000 LA Singapore 2,000 0 Year 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 (8/35) Years taken from 1 mil. To 5 mil. Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR Seoul 27 Tokyo 50 London 85 NewYork 90 Paris 110 Year 0 50 100 150 4 (9/35) Population Density Ⅰ.Profile of the SMR Major Metropolitan Regions in the World (2000) (Based on the administrative area) Seoul L.A. London Paris Tokyo New (SMR) (L.A, Orange (South East (IIe-de-France) York country) region) (Tri-state) Area (㎢) 11,753 12,500 26,976 12,072 13,494 32,792 Population (mil.) 21.4 12.4 18.2 11.0 33.5 29.3 Population Density(/ha) 18.2 9.9 6.8 9.1 24.8 8.9 (10/35) Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR 5 Physical Growth Patterns(11/35) 1985 2000 40km 40km 30km 30km 20km 20km 10km 10km Seoul Seoul Inchon Inchon Suwon Suwon • Rapid urbanization of the SMA expanded from Seoul • Dispersed pattern with new development corridors • Leap-frog type urban sprawl beyond the RDZ (12/35) Population Growth Pattern(’60~’00) Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR 6 (13/35) Population Growth Patterns Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR 50km 50km Paju Paju 40km 40km 30km 30km Koyang 20km Koyang 20km Seoul Seoul Inc hon Inc ho n Songnam Songnam Yoju Yoju Suwon Suwon Yongin Ichon Yongin Ichon Diminish Diminish 0 - 80,000 N 0 - 40,000 N 80,000 - 160,000 40,000 - 80,000 Over 160,000 W E Over 80,000 W E S S 0 1020304050Kilometers 0 1020304050Kilometers (14/35) Estimated Population of the SMA in 2020 Ⅳ.Policy Agenda Projected to Add approx. 4mil. More in next 20 years ● 21.4 mil. (2000) 25.5 mil. (2020) (source : Office of Statistics) Estimated Land to Accommodate Increased Population ● About 300km2 (If 120 persons/ha is taken as a guide) * Demand about half of Seoul’s Total Administrative Area 7 (15/35) Net In-migration by Regions Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR 500 Seoul 400 Inchon Kyonggi 300 200 100 0 1982 1985 1990 1995 2000 (1,000 Person) -100 -200 -300 -400 (16/35) No. of Employment by Regions Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR 8,000 7,000 6,658 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,575 3,000 2,416 2,000 1,000 667 - 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Seoul Inchon Kyonggi SM R 8 (17/35) Employment shares of the SMR Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR by Region 100% 90% 19.5 24.8 27.0 32.0 80% 36.3 70% 60% 50% 40% 71.9 65.6 62.9 30% 58.1 53.7 20% 10% 0% 1981 1986 1991 1996 2000 Seoul Inchon Kyonggi (18/35) Employment of Population Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR by Sub-regions 9 (19/35) Employment /Job-Housing balance Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR Employment density (’97) Trend of Job-Housing balance Index 1.2 1.15 1.1 1.05 1 0.95 0.9 0.85 0.8 1980 1990 1995 1997 Seoul Inchon Kyonggi (20/35) Urban Hierarchy System Ⅱ. Growth Patterns of the SMR Metropolitan Center Seoul 3,241 Metropolitan Inchon 388 Sub Center Suwon 156 Songnam 103 Puchon 101 Anyang 91 Regional Center Yangpyong 79 Ansan 92 Pyongtaek 82 Koyang 75 Benison’s Method 10 (21/35) Ⅲ. Mobility Patterns of the SMR (22/35) Mobility Patterns Ⅲ. Mobility Patterns of the SMR Proportion of Trip Purpose Proportion of Interregional Trip in the SMR Purposes in the SMR Private Private Matters Matters Entertainment 12.1% Entertainme 14.4% commuting 6.5% nt 31.9% Shopping Commuting 8.5% 3.8% 48.9% Shopping School 8.4% 8.0% School Business Business 20.1% 16.8% 20.5% 11 (23/35) Mobility Patterns Ⅲ. Mobility Patterns of the SMR Modal Shares of Trips in the SMR Mode shares of Interregional Trips in the SMR Other Modes Other Modes Taxi 6% 19% Car 5% Walk 26% 19% Car 42% Subway 22% Taxi 9% Bus Bus Subway 29% 25% 11% Mobility Patterns(24/35) Interregional work trip patterns of Interregional work trip patterns of the SMR in 1980 the SMR in 2000 Seoul Seoul 2.8 14.2 11.4 79.9 2.5 8.7 4.0 35.0 1.2 9.2 Inchon Kyonggi Inchon Kyonggi 0.8 5.3 1980 2000 12 (25/35) 4만 이상 동두천시 4만 이상 동두천시 2만 이상 4만 미만 2만 이상 4만 미만 포천군 포천군 1만 5천 이상 2만 미만 1만 5천 이상 2만 미만 1만 이상 1만 5천 미만 1만 이상 1만 5천 미만 5천 이상 1만 미만 양주군 5천 이상 1만 미만 양주군 가평군 가평군 파주시 파주시 의정부시 의정부시 김포시 김포시 고양시 고양시 도봉구 도봉구 노원구 노원구 남양주시 남양주시 강북구 은평구 강북구 은평구 성북구 성북구 중랑구 중랑구 구리시 구리시 종로구 서대문구 종로구 동대문구 서대문구 동대문구 강서구 양 강서구 양 마포구 중구 강동구 마포구 중구 강동구 성동구 평 성동구 평 광진구 군 광진구 군 인천시 용산구 인천시 용산구 영등포구 하남시 영등포구 하남시 양천구 송파구 양천구 송파구 부천시 동작구 부천시 동작구 구로구 구로구 서초구 강남구 서초구 강남구 관악구 관악구 금천구 금천구 광명시 광명시 과천시 과천시 광주군 안양시 성남시 안양시 성남시 광주군 시흥시 시흥시 의왕시 의왕시 군포시 안산시 군포시 안산시 수원시 수원시 0 km 2.5 km 5 km 10 km 15km 용인시 0 km 2.5 km 5 km 10 km 15km 용인시 화성군 화성군 (26/35) Commuting Patterns Ⅲ. Mobility Patterns of the SMR Commuting Trip in SMR (’97) Commuting Ratio to Seoul (’97) # # # 50km # # 40km # Uijongbu 30km # # Koyang # Namyangju 20km # # Seoul # Seoul Inc ho n # Inchon # # # Hanam # # # # # # # # Songnam # # # # Suw on Suwon # Hwasong Yongin # # # # # N N Under 10,000 Trips W E Under 5% 10,000¡- 20,000 Trips 5 - 10% S W E 20,000¡- 50,000 Trips 10 - 20% S Over 50,000 Trips 0 1020304050Kilometers 20 - 30% Over 30% 0 1020304050Kilometers 13 Commuting Patterns(27/35) Commution Ratio to Seoul by Distance from Seoul CBD 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 Commuting Ratio to Seoul(%) 10.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.0040.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 Distance From CBD(km) (28/35) Interregional Commuting Trip Pattern Ⅲ. Mobility Patterns of the SMR Trends in Commuting to Seoul (’90~’97) % 80 70 60 Koy ang 50 Shortest Distance Kwangmyong from Seoul Namyangju Under 20km 40 20-30km Puc hon 30-40km 30 Songnam Over 40km Any ang 20 Uijongbu In c h on 10 Suw on Yongin Pyongtaek Ans an 0 1980 1990 1995 1997 14 (29/35) Traffic Modal Patterns Ⅲ. Mobility Patterns of the SMR to Seoul (’97) Mode Shares of Trips to Seoul by Regions 100% 90% 80% 20.6 38.8 70% Other Mod Walk 60% 28.4 Taxi 50% 10.1 Subway 40% bus 30% Car 20% 45.3 42.6 10% 0% Inchon to Seoul Kyonggi to Seoul (30/35) Traffic Volume on the Ⅲ. Mobility Patterns of the SMR Main Interregional Roads Interregional Traffic Volume (’98) Prospect of V/C in SMA (’96 → 2011) 15 (31/35) Ⅳ. Policy Agenda (32/35) Major Policy Responses of Central Gov’t Ⅳ.Policy Agenda Major Policies and Control Measures ● The Restriction of Population Growth in Seoul (1964) ● A Comprehensive Decentralization Policy for Seoul (1969) ● Designation of Greenbelt around the Seoul (1971) ● Regulation of factory and higher education institutions ● The Capital Region Management Law enacted (1984) - The First Capital Region Management Plan established ● The Capital Region Management Plan was revised (1997) - Discriminated zoning, Ceiling system on factory establishment - Controlling large size of development activities, - Congestion charges (applied to Seoul only) etc. Currently, Capital Relocation Policy is in progress and in dispute. 16 Current Policy Framework of the SM(33/35)R Zonal Division of the SMR (34/35) Management Strategies for the SMR Ⅳ.Policy Agenda Zonal Location Strategies Division Core areas covering Seoul, - Regulation of population concentration Congestion Inchon, Suwon and 13 - Dispersal of factory, university, public offices Relief Zone other cities surrounding - Prohibit new establishment of industrial site, new Seoul City university and new public office Fringe areas of the outer - Prevention of water pollution in Han River Basin Environmental ring of Seoul located in the - Natural resource preservation and promotion of Conservation basin of upstream Han recreational activities Zone River (7 cities, 8counties) Growth Suburban areas located - Relocate facilities from congestion relief zone Management Southern and Northern of - New town development and expansion of existing Zone the Capital Region sub-regional centers (3 cities, 5 counties) 17 (35/35) Challenges to the Policy Responses Ⅳ.Policy Agenda ● The Common Goal of Regional Policy since 1960s: - to steer people and industries away from Seoul to local provinces ● Major Criticism - After 4decades, regulatory policy is not quite effective in achieving intended policy goal - the containment policy is generally defined as the number of population and major facilities - the true nature of concentration in the SMR is not just the volume of population itself but the social cost that it entailed (e.
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    Technical Evaluation Mission An ICOMOS technical evaluation mission visited the Namhansanseong property from 1 to 6 September 2013. (Republic of Korea) Additional information requested and received from No 1439 the State Party ICOMOS sent a letter to the State Party dated 26 September 2013 to ask for more details about: Official name as proposed by the State Party the property management system and the respective Namhansanseong roles of each of the partners; who coordinates activities and expertise; Location who is responsible for monitoring the property. Gyeonggi-do Province Towns of Gwangju-si, Seongnam-si and Hanam-si ICOMOS sent a second letter on 12 December 2013, Republic of Korea asking the State Party to: Brief description strengthen the buffer zone protection measures; Namhansanseong was designed as an emergency capital confirm the setting up of the property management for the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910), in a mountainous site organisation’s intervention unit, and the means at its 25 km south-east of Seoul. Its earliest remains date from disposal. the 7th century, but it was rebuilt several times, notably in the early 17th century in anticipation of an attack from the The State Party responded by sending additional Sino-Manchu Qing dynasty. Built and defended by documentation on 16 November 2013 and on 27 Buddhist soldier-monks, it embodies a synthesis of the February 2014, which has been taken into account in defensive military engineering concepts of the period, this evaluation. based on Chinese and Japanese influences, and changes in the art of fortification following the introduction from the Date of ICOMOS approval of this report West of weapons using gunpowder.
  • From Incheon Airport to Conrad Seoul Airport Bus # 6030

    From Incheon Airport to Conrad Seoul Airport Bus # 6030

    From Incheon Airport to Conrad Seoul Method Depart Arrival Cost Duration Remarks Hotel Incheon Conrad Seoul Hotel KRW 159,500 45 min. *most convenient* Limousine Airport Terminal 1: Gate 6B Airport bus Incheon 60 min (T1). Terminal 2: Gate 32 Conrad Seoul Hotel KRW 15,000 # 6030 Airport 1hr 15min (T2). (approximately 18 minutes from T2 to T1) KRW 60,000 (R) Incheon R: Regular taxi Taxi Conrad Seoul Hotel KRW 75,000 (D) 50 min. ~ 1hr Airport D: Deluxe taxi *Toll fee inclusive Take Airport Railroad (AREX) from Incheon airport Terminal 1 or 2(bound for Yeouido Stn. (exit #3) Gongdeok Station) then Transfer to T2: KRW 4,750 T2: 78 min is 10 min. walking Subway subway Line #5 at Gongduk Station T1: KRW 4,150 T1: 70 min distance away from (bound for Banghwa station) -> take off Hotel at Yeouido Station ※ Duration time and taxi fare can be changed depending on traffic condition Airport bus # 6030 Information Bus stop at Incheon airport Terminal 1 Bus stop is at 1st Floor Gate 6B in Incheon International Airport Terminal 1 Bus ticket purchasing is at gate 4 or 9 Bus stop at Incheon airport Terminal 2 Bus stop is at B1 Floor Gate 32 in Incheon International Airport Terminal 2 Bus ticket purchasing is available at ticket office on same B1 Floor. Conrad Seoul, 23-1, Yeouido-dong, Yeongdungpo-gu, Seoul 150-945, Korea Tel. 82-2-6137-7000 Concierge / Front office Time Table for Airport Bus #6030 How to take Airport railroad (AREX) From Incheon Airport Terminal 1: Ticketing available on B1F, take the regular Airport railroad From Incheon Airport Terminal 2: Ticketing available on B1F, take the regular Airport railroad Stations Incheon International Airport Terminal 2 ⇔ Incheon International Airport Terminal 1 ⇔ Incheon International Airport Cargo Terminal ⇔ Unseo ⇔ Yeongjong ⇔ Cheongna International City ⇔ Geomam ⇔ Gyeyang ⇔ Gimpo International Airport ⇔ Digital Media City ⇔ Hongik University ⇔ Gondeok(Transfer to Line#5) ⇔ Seoul Station From Gimpo Airport to Conrad Seoul Method Depart Arrival Cost Duration Remarks Hotel Gimpo Airport Conrad Seoul Hotel KRW 99,000 30 min.
  • Choosing the Right Location Page 1 of 4 Choosing the Right Location

    Choosing the Right Location Page 1 of 4 Choosing the Right Location

    Choosing The Right Location Page 1 of 4 Choosing The Right Location Geography The Korean Peninsula lies in the north-eastern part of the Asian continent. It is bordered to the north by Russia and China, to the east by the East Sea and Japan, and to the west by the Yellow Sea. In addition to the mainland, South Korea comprises around 3,200 islands. At 99,313 sq km, the country is slightly larger than Austria. It has one of the highest population densities in the world, after Bangladesh and Taiwan, with more than 50% of its population living in the country’s six largest cities. Korea has a history spanning 5,000 years and you will find evidence of its rich and varied heritage in the many temples, palaces and city gates. These sit alongside contemporary architecture that reflects the growing economic importance of South Korea as an industrialised nation. In 1948, Korea divided into North Korea and South Korea. North Korea was allied to the, then, USSR and South Korea to the USA. The divide between the two countries at Panmunjom is one of the world’s most heavily fortified frontiers. Copyright © 2013 IMA Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Generated from http://www.southkorea.doingbusinessguide.co.uk/the-guide/choosing-the-right- location/ Tuesday, September 28, 2021 Choosing The Right Location Page 2 of 4 Surrounded on three sides by the ocean, it is easy to see how South Korea became a world leader in shipbuilding. Climate South Korea has a temperate climate, with four distinct seasons. Spring, from late March to May, is warm, while summer, from June to early September is hot and humid.