The Effect of Lazarus Multimodal Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Blood Glucose Control in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Effect of Lazarus Multimodal Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Blood Glucose Control in Women with Type 2 Diabetes Journal of Fundamentals Mashhad University Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences of Mental Health of Medical Sciences Research Center lagigirO Article The effect of Lazarus multimodal therapy on depression, anxiety, and blood glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes Hassan Derakhshan Shahrabad1; Mohammad Hossein Bayazi2; Zahra Zafari3; Saeed Teimouri4; *Farzaneh Rajabzadeh5 1M.Sc.in clinical psychology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2Ph.D.of psychology, Torbat-e-Jam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Torbat-e-Jam, Iran 3Iran 4Iran 5M.Sc.in clinical psychology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Abstract Introduction: Considering the interactions between depression and anxiety on the increase in blood glucose in diabetic patients and the need for intervention to improve these variables, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Lazarus multimodal therapy on reducing the symptoms of depression, anxiety and glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this study, which was performed on women with type 2 diabetes with high score in depression and anxiety and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) level more than 7%, 24 subjects who entered the study were selected by convenient method and they were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control (each group included 12 subjects). Research instrument include Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory and glycosylated hemoglobin. The experimental group was trained at Lazarus multimodal psychotherapy group workshop for three months (12 weekly ninety-minute sessions) in the spring and summer of 2016 at Samen Health Center- Mashhad. The control group was in the waiting list. Also, multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was used to analyze the data through SPSS software. Results: The results of this study showed that Lazarus multidimodal therapy significantly (P=0.001) reduced the symptoms of depression, anxiety and decreased blood glucose levels in women with type 2 diabetes compared to control group. Conclusion: Totally based on the findings, Lazarus multidimodal therapy can be effective to reduce the symptoms of anxiety, depression and physical symptoms among diabetic patients. Keywords: Anxiety, Blood glucose, Depression, Lazarus multidimodal therapy, Type 2 diabetes () Please cite this paper as: Derakhshan Shahrabad H, Mohammad Hossein Bayazi MH, Zafari Z, Teimouri S, Rajabzadeh F. The effect of Lazarus multimodal therapy on depression, anxiety, and blood glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health 2018 Jul-Aug; 20(4): 302-9. *Corresponding Author: Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Ibn-e-Sina hospital, Mashhad, Iran [email protected] Received: May. 18, 2017 Accepted: Jan. 09, 2018 Fundamentals of Mental Health, 2018 Jul-Aug http://jfmh.mums.ac.ir 302 LAZARUS MULTIMODAL THERAPY AND DIABETES DERAKHSHAN, ET AL. Introduction use in peripheral circulation and affects on Diabetes involves a group of metabolic self-care activities negatively (6). diseases which indicated by high levels of Researches have also been conducted on glucose due to varying degrees of body the level of mental health in diabetic resistance to insulin or dysregulation of patients, including the research of Sadeghi insulin secretion. Type 1 and type 2 Movahed, Molavi andSharghi, which diabetes are two main forms of the disease, showed that 54% of people with diabetes and type 2 diabetes concludes are suspected of having mental disorders. approximately 85% to 90% of the cases Women are also more likely to be exposed (1). to a variety of mental health problems, The classic symptoms of the disease including depression and anxiety, due to include excessive thirst, urinary frequency physical and cultural issues, especially and excessive hunger. 90% of people with with physical illness such as diabetes (4). diabetes have type 2 diabetes and 10% It seems that there is a two-way have type 1 diabetes mellitus and relationship between physical illness and gestational diabetes, respectively. psychological trauma. The domain in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test, is psychology of health, called a very common blood test which is neuropsychological immunology, effective in screening diabetics and shows addresses how psychological factors how well patients have been successful in change the immune system and ultimately controlling diabetes (2). increases the risk of disease. There are The spread of the disease as one of the several cases that show how depression, chronic diseases is due to the consequences helplessness, frustration, and stressful of industrialization and changes in the events of life can lead to disease with a lifestyle of people such as high-fat and change in immunity (7). high-calorie foods, obesity, low physical Goldman's group suggests psychological activity, high blood pressure and high and psychotherapy interventions for cholesterol, and anxiety and depression (3). depressive symptoms in these patients. Following Holmes and Rahe's work in Methods such as cognitive-behavioral 1967 and expressing stressful life events as therapy, relaxation training, stressless one of the risk factors for diseases and training, insightful psychotherapy, providing a bio-psycho-social model by supportive treatment and symptomatic Engel, clinical experts and researchers treatment, and neurological rehabilitation consider to the role of psychosocial factors are among the methods that have been in the emergence, exacerbation, or control implemented in the area of the problems of and prevention diseases more than ever (4). these patients and none of which do not Research evidences suggest a high pay attention to all aspects of problems and frequency of stressful events among symptoms (8). One of the psychotherapy diabetic patients compared with other techniques that take into account the patients, and there is a high probability of dimensions of health definition is Lazarus developing various psychiatric problems, multimodal therapy. This kind of therapy is including depression and anxiety in these successfully used in a wide range of patients (5). Stress contributes to secretion disorders and problems (9). of epinephrine and cortisol in the body, Lazarus believes that human personality and ultimately leads to an increase in blood can be described entirely through seven glucose levels. Stress also disrupts insulin dimensions (behavior, emotion, sensory receptions, imaging, cognition, Fundamentals of Mental Health, 20(4), Jul-Aug 2018 302-9 LAZARUS MULTIMODAL THERAPY AND DIABETES DERAKHSHAN, ET AL. interpersonal relationships, and drug- active records and symptoms of biological). Although these dimensions are depression, anxiety and glycosylated described in isolation, they are really hemoglobin more than 7%. The sampling interacting with each other, and any human method was convenient method. In this experience can be conceived with respect way, out of the 48 people who expressed to a dimension that is related to other their willingness to participate in the dimensions, and if a change in one research, 24 cases were selected and randomly assigned into two groups of dimension occurs it affects on the other experimental and control (each group: 12 dimensions (10). Accordingly, in this cases). Four patients refused so they were method, seven dimensions are evaluated excluded from the two groups. The separately, but interacting with each other, experimental group with 10 cases started and therapy has a vision about significant group therapy sessions and 12 ninety- relationship with these dimensions (9). minute sessions were held weekly in the Since multifocal treatment has had a very spring and summer of 2014 at Samen significant effect on cognitive-behavioral Health Center. In order to observe the management, all disorders that can be ethics of the control group, they were treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy placed on the waiting list, and after that, a are also treated through multidisciplinary series of sessions were held for them. At therapy (11). the end of the treatment, the anxiety and On the other hand, as mentioned earlier, depression questionnaires and the level of many of these patients are easily blood glucose were taken from both groups experience depression, hopeless, anxiety in the post-test, and finally the information and stress so they cause discomfort for analysis was done. themselves and their relatives. In this The inclusion criteria were: diabetic situation, conscious living, acceptance of women aged 20-40 years, high score in situation and dealing with anxiety and anxiety, depression and glycosylated stress from the disease certainly have an hemoglobin above 7%, having minimum effective role in reducing the short-term mediate school education, at least 6 months and long-term complications and proper from the onset of group therapy, and control of diabetes. Therefore, it seems that informed consent to participate in research. the discussion regarding the attention and Exclusion criteria included: severe impact of the basic concepts of Lazarus psychiatric disorders such as psychosis, therapy (behavior, emotion, feeling, mental bipolar disorder, and personality disorders, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relations co-opted companies in other therapeutic and medications) on diabetes and the programs, and received individual reduction of stresses of a diabetic patient counseling
Recommended publications
  • Multimodal Therapy
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 470 411 CG 032 035 AUTHOR Lazarus, Arnold A. TITLE Multimodal Therapy. PUB DATE 2002-08-00 NOTE 13p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association (110th, Chicago, IL, August 22-25, 2002). PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MFO1 /PCO1 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Counseling Techniques; *Counseling Theories; *Evaluation Methods; *Intervention; Theory Practice Relationship; *Therapy IDENTIFIERS *Multimodal Counseling .ABSTRACT The multimodal therapy (MMT) approach provides a framework that facilitates systematic treatment selection in a broad-based, comprehensive and yet highly focused manner. It respects science, and data driven findings, and endeavors to use empirically supported methods when possible. Nevertheless, it recognizes that many issues still fall into the gray area in which artistry and subjective judgment are necessary, and tries to fill the void by offering methods that have strong clinical support. This paper provides a brief history of the MMT approach and methods of assessment and intervention. (Contains 26 references.) (GCP) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Multimodal Therapy by Arnold A. Lazarus U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS CENTER (ERIC) BEEN GRANTED BY This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES document do not necessarily represent INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) official OERI position or policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Williams, Thomas Edwin (1987) a Multimodal Approach to the Assessment and Treatment of Children with Learning Difficulties
    Williams, Thomas Edwin (1987) A multimodal approach to the assessment and treatment of children with learning difficulties. PhD thesis. https://theses.gla.ac.uk/662/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] A MULTIMODAL APPROACH TO THE ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES. THOMAS EDWIN WILLIAMS. DEGREE OF Ph.D. UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW. JANUARY 1987. DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY. DEDICATION. I dedicate this work to three marvellous children: EMMA, JENNIFER, & NEIL. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The following individuals gave freely and openly of their time and energies throughout the duration of the research project reported in this thesis, a contribution I gratefully acknowledge. Mr. R.Thompson, Kilmarnock Child Guidance Centre. Mr. L. Nicholl, Ayr Child Guidance Centre. Ms. A. Cuthill, Irvine Child Guidance Centre. Ms.J.McPherson, Irvine Child Guidance Centre. Mr. R. Rutherford, Paisley Child Guidance Centre. Mr. H.Cummings, Paisley Child Guidance Centre. Mr.A. Haughey, Govan Child Guidance Centre. Mrs. C. Vassie, Kirkintilloch Child Guidance Centre. Ms. R. Wheeler, Drumchapel Child,Guidance Centre.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypnosis in the Desensitization of Fears of Dying ABSTRACT 1. CASE CONTEXT and METHOD
    Hypnosis in the Desensitization of Fears of Dying 1 S.R. Hamburg Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy, http://pcsp.libraries.rutgers.edu Volume 2, Module 2, Article 1, pp. 1-30, 05-11-06 [copyright by author] Hypnosis in the Desensitization of Fears of Dying SAM R. HAMBURG a,b a Independent Practice, University of Chicago’s Pritzer School of Medicine, Family Institute of Northwestern University b Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Sam R. Hamburg, Ph.D., P.C., 79 W. Monroe Street, Suite 1311, Chicago, IL 60603 Email: [email protected] _________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT This paper describes two cases in which hypnosis was successfully used, in the context of an integrative approach to therapy, to treat pathologically obsessive fears of death. The hypnotic interventions employed in each case are described in detail. The cases illustrate how hypnotherapy can be adapted to clients with widely differing clinical contexts and demographics, with one involving a 40-year-old African-American man (Lawrence), and the other, a 36-year- old white woman (Betty). The latter case illustrates how clinical knowledge, transmitted via a published case of Milton Erickson’s, provided the author the idea for developing a novel solution to the client’s pressing clinical problem. Key words: obsessive fear of death; hypnosis; hypnotherapy; multimodal therapy ________________________________________________________________________ 1. CASE CONTEXT AND METHOD The Cases The two cases presented here have in common their presenting problem: pathological fear of dying. (Note that the names and other identifying characteristics of the clients have been disguised to preserve their anonymity; and both clients gave their permission to have their case written up for publication.) In both cases, hypnosis, within the broader framework of an integrative behavioral/experiential approach to therapy, is the treatment technique that seems to have helped.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinical Use of Hypnosis in Cognitive Behavior Therapy
    The Clinical Use of Hypnosis in Cognitive Behavior Therapy A Practitioner’s Casebook Robin A. Chapman, PsyD, ABPP, is a clinical psychologist at McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, and North Shore Counsel- ing Center, Beverly, MA, and maintains a private practice. He is currently an in- structor in psychology in the Depart- ment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School. Dr. Chapman earned his doctorate from the Illinois School of Professional Psychology in 1990 and earned a certifi- cate in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy from the Adler School of Profes- sional Psychology in 1994. He is board certified in cognitive and behavioral psychology by the American Board of Professional Psy- chology. Additionally, he is an approved consultant in clinical hypno- sis granted by the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. His teaching experience includes graduate classes at the Illinois School of Professional Psychology and the Chicago School of Professional Psychology. He has taught undergraduate psychology classes at Elmhurst College. The Clinical Use of Hypnosis in Cognitive Behavior Therapy A Practitioner’s Casebook Robin A. Chapman, PsyD, ABPP, Editor Springer Publishing Company Copyright 2006 Springer Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a re- trieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Springer Publishing Company, Inc. Springer Publishing Company, Inc. 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 Acquisitions Editors: Sheri W. Sussman and Lauren Dockett Production Editor: Sara Yoo Cover design by Joanne Honigman Cover background image by Richard A. Chapman Cover foreground image by Noah Chasek 0607080910/54321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The clinical use of hypnosis in cognitive behavior therapy / [edited by] Robin A.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence Based Therapeutic Outcome of Multimodal Therapy on Sexual Decisions of Students in River State Remedial Study Centres
    AFRREV, 10 (3), S/NO 42, JUNE, 2016 An International Multi-disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 10(3), Serial No.42, June, 2016: 55-71 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v10i3.4 Evidence Based Therapeutic Outcome of Multimodal Therapy on Sexual Decisions of Students in River State Remedial Study Centres Ofole, Ndidi M. Department of Guidance and Counselling Faculty of Education University of Ibadan, Nigeria GSM: +2349034729225 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Previous efforts at remediating sexual decision of adolescents in Nigeria have been based on unimodal therapies. Therefore, this study investigated the effectiveness of Multimodal Therapy (MMT) on sexual decisions of adolescents studying in Remedial Centres in Rivers state, Nigeria. Pre-test post control group quasi experimental design with 2x 2 factorial matrix was adopted to execute the study. One hundred and twenty- eight students consisting 71 males (55.4%) and 57 females (44.5%) with age range of 16-21 years ( x =13.2; SD=3.2) participated in the study. Simple random sampling technique was utilized to draw samples from Remedial Study Centers in River state. Adolescent Decision-Making Questionnaire (r=0.77) was the outcome measure. The experimental group was exposed to nine sessions of MMT (18 hrs) while the control group served as a comparison group. Analysis of Covariance and Multiple Copyright © IAARR, 2007-2016: www.afrrevjo.net Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info 55 AFRREV, 10 (3), S/NO 42, JUNE, 2016 classification analysis were used to test the three hypotheses.
    [Show full text]
  • PCO4930 Fall 2018 Theories of Psychotherapies Turlington L011 (TURL; Wednesdays; 4:05Pm – 7:05Pm)
    PCO 4930 Fall 2018 1 PCO4930 Fall 2018 Theories of Psychotherapies Turlington L011 (TURL; Wednesdays; 4:05pm – 7:05pm) Instructor: Dorothy Espelage, Ph.D.; Professor of Psychology Phone: 217-766-6413 Email: [email protected] twitter: DrDotEspelage Office Hours: Wednesdays 2pm - 3pm, 216 Psychology Building Goals: To familiarize the student with: 1) the basic theoretical assumptions of each of the major psychotherapy models; 2) how change is viewed in each model; 3) how each approach assesses its efficacy and verifies its tenets; 4) the process of therapy in each model (i.e., stages of therapy); 5) some of the more recent developments and refinements in each of these major models. Required Text: Murdock, N.L. (2013). Theories of Counseling & Psychotherapy: A Case Approach (3rd Edition). Pearson: Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Student Responsibilities and Grading: 25% of grade based on first examination 25% of grade based on second examination 25% of grade based on third examination 25% of grade based on completion of written paper/project Exams: Exams will be predominately brief concept identification questions and two essays. Project: Given different learning styles, there will be several options 1. Read original sources on one (or more) of the following topics and write a paper discussing the theoretical assumptions and specific techniques associated with the theory or theories. You could also apply these therapeutic models to a special population. Art Therapy Play Therapy Music Therapy Drama Therapy PCO 4930 Fall 2018 2 Psychodrama Dance Therapy Logotherapy Writing Therapy Personal Construct Therapy Dialectical Behavior Therapy Feminist Therapy Collaborative Therapy Tele-Health Psychology of Men Schema-focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy 2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Model: Integrating Anxiety and Phobia Coping Strategies Into Fundamentals of Public Speaking C
    “A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Model: Integrating Anxiety and Phobia Coping Strategies into Fundamentals of Public Speaking College Courses” This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of the “Fear and Loathing of Speaking Out in Public” program. The program, a personal initiative, adapts primary features of the treatment offered by Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for clients suffering from fears and phobias. CBT strategies include progressive desensitization, identifying and challenging negative thoughts, creating and rehearsing positive replacement thoughts, and structured visualizations) Unlike many programs developed to help students overcome Speech Anxiety in a college classroom, the “Fear and Loathing” program is not an isolated instructional module. It is integrated into a basic public speaking course throughout the semester so that it does not take away time from such content and skills-based instruction as how to create a preparation outline and how to deliver a presentation. In fact, the strategies used in the “Fear and Loathing” program to overcome “stage fright,” (aka communication or public speaking anxiety) also reinforce content and skills acquisition. These strategies for overcoming “stage fright” are introduced progressively in the course, throughout the semester, progressing in the same way a typical course of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for a single client leads to its goal usually an average time period of sixteen weeks, according to the official website for the National Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapists (NACBT). This is also the approximate length of time for a college semester. In sum, the “Fear and Loathing” program adapts a typical cognitive behavioral therapeutic experience for a single client - in length of time, progressive use of strategies, and “homework” assignments – to a group, classroom setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychotherapy.Pdf
    1.14„tin mite. Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce lir Tr ws! i (An Autonomous College Affiliated to University of Pune) SYMBIOSIS Subject code Semester I II III IV V VI M.A. II III IV Title of Subject PSYCHOTHERAPIES (For MA. Part-I Las per the approval of SOS) Objectives To acquaint the students with Various Psychotherapies and its basic procedure Effectiveness of specific psychotherapy in solution of particular problem Different psychotherapeutic skills. Detailed syllabus Unit Contents of the syllabus Number of Lectures 1 1. INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHO llik,RAPIES 1.1 Nature and Definition of Psychotherapies 1.2 Psychotherapeutic Basic Skills 10 1.3 Psychoanalytic Therapies: Classical & Modern 1.4 Transactional Analysis 2 2. BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2.1 Basic assumptions & various forms of behavior therapies 2.2 Systematic Desensitization & Flooding, Implosive Therapy, Aversive Therapy 10 2.3 Bio-Feedback Technique 2.4 Assertiveness Training 3 3. COGNITIVE, HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL THERAPIES 3.1 Cognitive Therapies: A) REBT, B) Mind-fullness & REBT C) Beck's Cognitive Therapy 3.2 Roger's Client Centered Therapy 10 3.3 Gestalt Therapy 3.4 Logo Therapy & Reality Therapy 4 4. MULTIMODAL AND EASTERN THERAPIES 4.1 Lazarus Multimodal Therapy 4.2 Eastern Therapies: A) Vipashyana & Zen Buddhisum, B) Islam & Sufism, C) Yoga Therapy 10 4.3 Art Based Therapies, Narrative, Play, Music & Dance Therapies 4.4 Family Therapy Total Number of Lectures 40 Suggested Reference Books: I. Capuzzi, D., & Gross, D.R. (2008). Counseling and Psychotherapy: theories and interventions 4thEdn. Pearson Education: India. Corey, G. (2008). Theory and practice of group counseling.
    [Show full text]
  • VISTAS Online
    VISTAS Online VISTAS Online is an innovative publication produced for the American Counseling Association by Dr. Garry R. Walz and Dr. Jeanne C. Bleuer of Counseling Outfitters, LLC. Its purpose is to provide a means of capturing the ideas, information and experiences generated by the annual ACA Conference and selected ACA Division Conferences. Papers on a program or practice that has been validated through research or experience may also be submitted. This digital collection of peer-reviewed articles is authored by counselors, for counselors. VISTAS Online contains the full text of over 500 proprietary counseling articles published from 2004 to present. VISTAS articles and ACA Digests are located in the ACA Online Library. To access the ACA Online Library, go to http://www.counseling.org/ and scroll down to the LIBRARY tab on the left of the homepage. n Under the Start Your Search Now box, you may search by author, title and key words. n The ACA Online Library is a member’s only benefit. You can join today via the web: counseling.org and via the phone: 800-347-6647 x222. Vistas™ is commissioned by and is property of the American Counseling Association, 5999 Stevenson Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22304. No part of Vistas™ may be reproduced without express permission of the American Counseling Association. All rights reserved. Join ACA at: http://www.counseling.org/ Article 29 Designing an Integrative Approach to Counseling Practice Gerald Corey This article addresses the advantages of developing an integrative approach to counseling practice and deals briefly with some of the potential problems. Also presented is a framework for helping readers begin to integrate concepts and techniques from various approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • From Victim to Victor: the Development of the BASIC PH Model of Coping and Resiliency
    Traumatology © 2016 American Psychological Association 2017, Vol. 23, No. 1, 27–34 1085-9373/17/$12.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/trm0000105 From Victim to Victor: The Development of the BASIC PH Model of Coping and Resiliency Mooli Lahad Tel Hai College Israel This article summarizes my personal journey in the field of trauma starting in 1975 and tries to trace its “origin” in my early life experiences. It mostly focuses on my field experience as a pioneer professional (academician and practitioner) in a rural area of Israel in the late 70s and early 80s. In this personal and professional encounter with the harsh reality of a community living under constant threat of shelling and of terrorists’ infiltration, I realized there was a huge gap between my clinical training and the real life of these people who were forced to cope with this situation for years. This has led to one of the first attempts worldwide to research and develop an integrative model of coping and resiliency. The results yielded a new model: the BASIC Ph Model. This model builds on an understanding of the community impacted and the ability of the inhabitants to withstand disasters and crisis and led to the development of one of the first comprehensive resiliency programs. Among other things, the program using the BASIC Ph Model ensured that there would be a professional role of Emergency Behavioral Officer(s) with the job of enhancing trauma resilience city-wide. A diagram and table are presented and discussed to help to explain the elements and approaches covered in the BASIC Ph Model.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavior Therapy
    CHAPTER NINE k Behavior Therapy k Introduction Multimodal Therapy: Clinical Behavior Historical Background Therapy Four Areas of Development Mindfulness and Acceptance-based k Cognitive Behavior Therapy Key Concepts Integration of Behavioral Techniques View of Human Nature With Contemporary Psychoanalytic Basic Characteristics and Assumptions Approaches k The Therapeutic Process Application to Group Counseling Therapeutic Goals k Behavior Therapy From a Multicul- Therapist’s Function and Role Client’s Experience in Therapy tural Perspective Strengths From a Diversity Perspective Relationship Between Therapist and Client Shortcomings From a Diversity Perspective k Application: Therapeutic Tech- k Behavior Therapy Applied niques and Procedures Applied Behavioral Analysis: Operant to the Case of Stan Conditioning Techniques k Summary and Evaluation Relaxation Training and Related Methods Contributions of Behavior Therapy Systematic Desensitization Limitations and Criticisms of Behavior In Vivo Exposure and Flooding Therapy Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing k Where to Go From Here Social Skills Training Recommended Supplementary Readings Self-Modifi cation Programs and Self- References and Suggested Readings Directed Behavior – 232 – B. F. SKINNER / ALBERT BANDURA B. F. SKINNER (1904–1990) internal states of mind and motives, which cannot be ob- reported that he was brought served and changed directly, and that too little focus had up in a warm, stable fam- been given to environmental factors that can be directly ily environment.* As he was observed and changed. He was extremely interested in growing up, Skinner was the concept of reinforcement, which he applied to his greatly interested in building own life. For example, after working for many hours, he all sorts of things, an interest would go into his constructed cocoon (like a tent), put on that followed him throughout headphones, and listen to classical music (Frank Dattilio, ©Associated Press ©Associated his professional life.
    [Show full text]
  • Effectiveness of a Multimodal Intervention for Group Counseling with Children of Divorce in Iran
    Universal Journal of Psychology 5(4): 167-172, 2017 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujp.2017.050401 Effectiveness of a Multimodal Intervention for Group Counseling with Children of Divorce in Iran Mehrdad Hajihasani Department of Counseling, Shahrekord University, Iran Copyright©2017 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Parental divorce is the issue of most concern due to divorce, social isolation may happen to all family for children. The purpose of this article is to describe members [2]. And also as a result of divorce and interventions for children from divorced family. Literature consequence of change of family structure, because some review and references look at divorce groups from multiple methods may initially be opposed, custodial parents are perspectives so as to include as many diverse issues as frequently forced to change parenting-related responsibilities possible. Group counseling helps students understand the [3]. wide variety of different issues that arise in the context of The increased rate of divorce has had important groups, helps with universality, and brings support and implications for children of divorce [4]. Psychological healing to the very essence of their life. The overall purpose, well-being of children, whose parents are passing transition to empower students to make healthy adjustments in their periods such as divorce, widely has attracted researchers and lives given the immense life changes, is well served by group mental health professionals [5]. There exist different patterns counseling. Measurable goals and evaluation methods insure of children reaction to parental divorce [6].
    [Show full text]