PMC Groundwater Site Petoskey, Michigan

Community Involvement Plan

January 2019 CONTENTS

1 Introduction...... 1 Describes the purpose and intended uses of this Community Involvement Plan. 2 Site Overview...... 1 Provides the background information including the location and history of the site. 3 Community Needs and Concerns...... 1 Summarizes what the community members are concerned about, the questions they asked and what they told EPA. 4 Community Involvement Action Plan...... 4 Highlights EPA’s goals, activities and timeline for conducting site-specific activities to keep the public informed and involved during the cleanup process. 5 The Community...... 5-1 Provides background information on the City of Petoskey, profiles the economic and ethnic makeup of the community, and summarizes the community’s history.

Appendices Appendix A – Glossary-Acronyms Lists the definition of key words, initials and acronyms. Appendix B – List of Contacts Provides a list of federal, state, and local agencies and neighborhood organizations. Appendix C – Community Resources Identifies places where community members can find more information about the site. Appendix D – Community Engagement and the Superfund Process Gives an overview of the step-by-step process the EPA follows to determine the best way to clean up a contaminated site and opportunities for community involvement throughout the process.

ii 1 INTRODUCTION

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) prepared this Community Involvement Plan (CIP) to engage and support the community affected by the Petoskey Manufacturing Company (PMC) Groundwater Superfund site. This site is in Petoskey, Emmet County, Michigan.

This CIP provides information about current concerns and information needs are considered as community concerns and presents a plan to enhance activities at the site progress. communication between residents and EPA as the investigations and cleanup of this site progress. This To put this plan together, EPA interviewed community CIP also provides background information about the members, local officials and other stakeholders in the site and recommends activities for EPA to continue area in June 2018. Interview findings, combined with to inform the public and local officials about progress information from EPA experiences in the community, at the site and to encourage community involvement guided the development of this CIP. during the site cleanup. This CIP describes EPA’s plan for addressing EPA wants the members of the community to know community concerns and keeping residents informed and understand when and how they can participate and involved in cleanup activities. We will use this in the decision-making process during the cleanup document as a guide to communicate with, and involve activities at this site. EPA is committed to promoting residents, businesses, neighborhood organizations and effective and meaningful communication with the local government in the Petoskey area. community and wants to make sure the community’s

Lake Michigan

PMC Groundwater Superfund Site

Petoskey Petoskey, Michigan

1 The CIP is the foundation of EPA’s Superfund community involvement and outreach program.

This CIP is a working document to assist communication between community members and EPA. The document outlines opportunities for individual participation and meaningful information sharing regarding EPA’s activities at the PMC Groundwater site. The CIP is also a tool for the public to use to make sure EPA is responsive to their needs and concerns.

EPA welcomes community input: If community members have suggestions, questions, or would like more information about the cleanup, they can contact: Heriberto León Community Involvement Coordinator EPA Region 5 (SI-6J) 77 W. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, IL 60604-3507 [email protected] 312-886-6163 or 800-621-8431, ext. 66163

Community Involvement Goals:  Respond to community questions, concerns, and requests for information.  Help community members understand their role in the decision-making process during project design and cleanup.  Give the public accurate, timely, and understandable information about the project as it moves forward.  Give ample time and opportunity for the community to give informed, meaningful input.  Respect and fully consider public input as the project moves forward.

2 2 SITE OVERVIEW

This section provides a brief overview of the background, including location and history, of the PMC Groundwater site. Location and Site Features The Petoskey Manufacturing Co., was located at 200 W. Lake St. in Petoskey, Emmet County, Michigan, in what is now a residential area. The site is approximately 500 feet south of Little Traverse Bay of Lake Michigan and is bordered to the north by a condominium complex, to the east and south by residential structures, and to the west by the Bay Front Park access easement and a Fraternal Order of Eagles parking lot. Bear Creek, which drains into Little Traverse Bay, is located about 500 feet east of the PMC property. Immediately south of Lake St. (behind a row of homes) is a steep bluff running almost parallel to the shoreline.

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Map showing the PMC Groundwater site. The hashed area shows the approximate boundaries of the site.

Site Background and History A mass of contaminated groundwater, called a “plume,” moved to a nearby well called the Ingalls The PMC facility was a small fabricating operation Shore Municipal Well. The Ingalls well provided that began in 1946. Activities at the PMC facility drinking water to city residents. Water from the well included die casting, plating, and painting small contained volatile organic compounds, or VOCs automotive trim parts. Trichloroethylene, or TCE, (contaminants that evaporate into the air). The primary was used for cleaning and xylene was used as a paint VOC was TCE. thinner and solvent. Disposal of spent solvents and paint sludge onto the ground outside the PMC building Contamination at the site was first discovered in resulted in contaminated soil and groundwater near the September 1981 when data from water samples site. collected from the Ingalls well showed that TCE and other contaminants including cis-1,2 dichloroethene

3 and trihalomethanes were present. The City of and construction of new wells at the new source of Petoskey requested assistance from Michigan drinking water. Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) to help identify responsible parties and to identify the source In 1997, construction of the new replacement water of the contamination. source was completed and use of the Ingalls well ceased. The Ingalls well was eventually removed in In response, MDEQ conducted soil and groundwater 2009. sampling near the site. In 1982, MDEQ identified high levels of contamination in the soil. The contamination A second ROD was signed in 1998 to address the was attributed to the PMC facility. MDEQ then asked remaining soil and groundwater contamination. The PMC to determine the extent of the contaminated soil major components of the selected cleanup process and remove and dispose of the material. included the following: » A partial soil removal was done in 1982, and the site » Excavation and offsite disposal of approximately was subsequently proposed for the National Priorities 2,500 cubic yards of contaminated soil. List, or NPL. The site was listed on the NPL in 1983. »» The installation and operation of a treatment Once placed on the NPL, the site became eligible system to remove VOCs from subsurface soils. for investigation and cleanup under the Superfund program. See Appendix D for more information about »» Monitored natural biological treatment of the the Superfund program. groundwater, which included the development of a groundwater monitoring plan, followed by In 1984, the city of Petoskey installed a new municipal installation of a monitoring well network and an water supply well (the Lime-Kiln well) approximately initial 3-year period of monitoring, and followed 2 miles east of the Ingalls well. The Lime-Kiln well by long-term monitoring. began to supply 25-30 percent of the municipal water supply while the remaining 70-75 percent continued to »» Establishment and maintenance of site controls be provided by the Ingalls well. EPA issued PMC an on the former PMC property that restrict access, Administrative Order, or legal agreement, that required excavation and the use of groundwater. The site PMC to conduct hydrogeological studies at the site. A controls have been in place since 2005. second Administrative Order was signed in 1987 that »» Development of emergency treatment plan. required PMC to conduct a full-scale study of cleanup options for the site. »» Installation and monitoring of additional monitoring wells. Redevelopment occurred alongside the cleanup activities. The Petrolane Company, which was located By 2000, cleanup activities at the PMC site had at the former rail yard north of the PMC site, relocated finished and the PMC facility had closed. to the south side of town in 1985. The Sunset Shores condominiums were then developed at the former rail The former PMC facility was sold in April 2003 to a yard site. developer. The PMC building was demolished in July 2004. Contaminated soils were removed from the site. In September 1990, PMC filed for reorganization Construction of the new condominium complex (Water under the bankruptcy codes. PMC failed to complete Street Condominiums) started in September 2004 and the cleanup studies in an adequate and timely manner, continued until 2008. Then in the fall of 2009, the which led EPA to relieve PMC of the responsibility of conducting the studies. In October 1990, EPA transferred the responsibility for conducting the A cleanup studies to MDEQ at the state’s request. “record of decision” The first record of decision, or ROD, document is a public document that detailing the cleanup alternatives was signed in 1995 explains the cleanup method that will and called for treatment of groundwater at the Ingalls well using compressed air to remove contaminants. be used at a Superfund site, based on This treatment process was not implemented because EPA studies, public comments, and the city of Petoskey found a more cost-effective source of clean drinking water. EPA contributed community concerns. capital costs toward the city’s purchase, development

4 property was in foreclosure because the developer longer met, then the site may cease to be designated went bankrupt. Only 10 of the 16 condominiums had as SWRAU. The site can be re-designated as SWRAU been built. Another developer completed construction only when the requirements outlined are once again of the remaining six condominiums in 2014. met. The remaining site area west of the Sunset Shores Five-year reviews generally are required by condominiums was transformed into a park: Bayfront the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Park West. A bicycle and pedestrian right-of-way Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) or connected two parts of the 26-mile Little Traverse program policy when hazardous substances remain Wheelway, which links Petoskey with Harbor Springs onsite above levels that permit unrestricted use and and Charlevoix. unlimited exposure. Five-year reviews provide an opportunity to evaluate the performance of a remedy to determine whether it remains protective of human health and the environment. Generally, reviews take place 5 years following the start of a CERCLA cleanup action and are repeated every succeeding 5 years so long as future uses remain restricted.

To learn more about CERCLA, visit: www.epa. gov/superfund/superfund-cercla-overview

Five-year review reports for the PMC site were completed in January 2005, December 2009, and December 2014. As part of the 5-year reviews, EPA and MDEQ staff conducted site visits to assess the protectiveness of the remedy, observe any changes in land use, and confirm that no drinking water wells had been installed. The 2014 5-year review identified vapor intrusion as a potential issue at the former PMC source area. Vapor intrusion is an environmental problem involving underground gases or vapors. Vapors can rise through the soil from pollution sources and seep into buildings and homes through cracks or holes in the foundation or crawl space. These vapors can then cause hazardous indoor air pollution. EPA’s screening criteria for evaluating vapor intrusion, or VI, has been toughened Little Traverse Wheelway that connects Charlevoix, as scientists have learned more about the problem Petoskey and Harbor Springs. and how it can cause ill health effects. The latest VI standards are more protective of human health. EPA measures and tracks Superfund sites that have VI is similar to the issues caused by radon in many been cleaned up and are ready for potential future uses. Midwestern homes. In 2007, EPA declared the PMC site “Sitewide Ready for Anticipated Use,” or SWRAU. The determination For more information on Sitewide Ready for that a site has achieved the SWRAU is based on information available at the time the determination Anticipated Use Superfund sites, visit: is made. Any SWRAU designation may change if site conditions change, or if additional information www.epa.gov/superfund-redevelopment- is discovered regarding the contamination or the initiative/sitewide-ready-anticipated-use- protectiveness of the remedy at the site. If, after a site has been designated as SWRAU, EPA becomes swrau-superfund-sites aware that any of the SWRAU requirements are no 5 Beginning in January 2017, EPA conducted sampling EPA established a new VI operable unit in 2017. under the foundation slabs of the Water Street Operable units, or OUs, are created to help EPA Condominium residences. The sampling looked for manage large, complex Superfund sites. The Agency is soil gases, which are vapors trapped between soil expanding its investigation to determine the extent of particles. After preliminary results showed high levels vapor migration from the former PMC manufacturing of TCE under some units, EPA scheduled indoor air facility. See the following pages for a timeline of sampling in March 2017 to determine if TCE could activities for the PMC site. also be detected in the air inside the condominium residences. Results showed that some units did have levels of TCE that could pose a health risk. EPA and the local health department notified affected residents of the results and provided temporary air purifications systems. Through additional sampling, EPA has installed subslab depressurization systems at the affected units. EPA also implemented sampling at residential and commercial properties in the neighborhood surrounding the PMC site.

Vapor intrusion systems on side of condominium units.

Sampling activities outside of condominiums.

6 1999 closed removed PMC filed for bankruptcy and and bankruptcy contaminated soil soil contaminated Onsite construction construction Onsite Second ROD signed for for signed ROD Second groundwater and soil remedies starts; 2,500 tons of EPA completedEPA Study Feasibility MDEQ completed Investigation Remedial 1998 Map of PMC Groundwater site. The The site. Groundwater PMC ofMap the area shows approximate hashed of the boundary site. 1997 well ceased of replacement municipal municipal of replacement water source; of use source; Ingalls water City completed construction construction completed City line line - 1995 treatment of groundwater of treatment signed for providing on providing for signed First Record of Decision (ROD) (ROD) of Decision Record First Timeline PMC Groundwater Site PMC Site Groundwater 1984 Kiln well) installed 2 2 installed well) Kiln - miles east of Ingalls well of Ingalls east miles (Lime New municipal water supply supply water New municipal 1983 Site on listed Site List Priorities EPA's National National EPA's assistance to 1982 Critical Removal Removal Critical - MDEQ of PMC building PMC of of soil from west west sideof soil from Time conducted conducted The former PMC facility. The building was was building The facility. PMC former The demolished in 2004. (Source: City ofCity Petoskey) (Source: in 2004. demolished

PMC identified as PRP as PMC identified 7 MDEQ site near sampling City requested of contamination source identify Contamination discovered discovered Contamination site at PMC 1981 2019 Complete RI/FS year - Fourth 5 Fourth toreview begin EPA begins RI/FS process process RI/FS begins EPA 2 unit operable for 2018 EPA completes removal action action removal completes EPA 2017 intrusion EPA identifies identifies EPA unit (2) for vapor vapor (2) for unit separate operable Bayfront Park Bayfront Water Street Condominiums Street Water year review 2014 - completed Third 5 Third year - 2009 Second 5 Second review completedreview EPA declares PMC as PMC site declares EPA Site Wide Ready for (SWRAU) Reuse Anticipated Park Park reconstruction completed Sampling activities in Bayfront Park in 2006 in Park Bayfront Replacement monitoring monitoring Replacement park in city installed wells 2007 2006 Ingalls well well Ingalls removed by City Repair of monitoring well well ofRepair monitoring in in Park 2006 Bayfront (on right) was removed in 2006. in removed was right) (on The Ingalls municipal well. The well house well The well. municipal Ingalls The year completed review - Restrictive Covenant filed with with filed Covenant Restrictive Emmet County Bay Front Park reconstruction starts EPA resumed the leading role at the the at site role the leading resumed EPA First 5 2005

8 3 COMMUNITY NEEDS AND CONCERNS

This section focuses on the concerns and questions community members shared with EPA about the PMC Groundwater site during interviews held in 1989 and 2018.

Summary of Community Interviews Note to the reader: This summary is In 1989, interviews were conducted with community intended to faithfully record and reflect leaders to identify local concerns about the PMC site. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, the issues and concerns expressed to or MDNR, now MDEQ, met with local officials EPA by residents, officials, and others on and a community survey was conducted in 1991. the days of the community interviews. By In June 2018, EPA representatives met one-on-one with residents and local officials to discuss current necessity, this is a collection of opinions, community issues and concerns about the PMC thoughts and feelings. Therefore, please Groundwater site. be cautioned that the statements Summary of Community Interviews contained in this section may, or may not, 1989 interviews and community survey be factual and the opinions and concerns expressed are those of individual Residents were generally concerned about increased health risk from use of contaminated water from the interviewees alone. Ingalls well. They thought that providing an alternative water supply for the city would be expensive to residents. 3. What do you know about the site? Residents were concerned about costs to clean up Most of the people interviewed had widespread the site and that tax dollars should not be spent on knowledge about the contamination at the site. doing something that was not needed. They were also The majority of these people owned homes or worried about the length of time needed to get the site had a business that was within or near the site cleaned up. boundaries. Several had soil vapor extraction or sub-slab depressurization systems in their house or Other community concerns included the business. trustworthiness of private contractors hired to complete the investigations and cleanup work, cost to local residents and the city to replace the existing municipal well, and timeliness of information about the site shared with the community. 2018 interviews

1. How long have you lived or worked in the Petoskey area? All of the interviewees lived or worked in Petoskey. Most have lived in Petoskey between 14 and 45 years. Several were lifetime residents having lived in the city for over 50 years.

2. Do you hold any position – elected, appointed, hired – with any local, state or federal agency? Two local officials were interviewed: The Mayor of Petoskey, and the Ward 3 representative. Photo of a soil vapor extraction system on the side of a building. 9 Some knew about the Ingalls well and how it Hard copies for announcements and updates became contaminated and that it was eventually about the site were preferred, along with sending abandoned. emails to provide information and updates to the community. It was suggested by several 4. How long have you been following activities at interviewees that various local organizations could the site? be enlisted to forward emails out to their own lists Several people had been following activities at the of community members. It was also suggested that site for only a few years. Others started following it would be beneficial to have EPA’s webpage link activities after the condominiums were built. One placed on the city’s Facebook page and website. person had been following activities since the 1980s. 9. What type of media (newspaper, internet, social media, radio, TV) do you rely on for 5. Have you had any contact with local, state or Petoskey-area information? federal agencies about the site? If so, describe The Petoskey News-Review was mentioned as your interaction. What opinion do you have a widely read newspaper since it covered local about these agencies? news. Social media, such as Facebook could also More than half of those interviewed had not had be used to distribute information/news about the any contact with local, state or federal agencies site. about the site. Some individuals had contact with the city, city assessor, and the EPA remedial 10. When possible, information about the site is project manager. posted on EPA’s website. Have you visited the EPA Region 5 website? 6. What concerns do you have about the site? Less than half of those interviewed had visited Concerns raised included groundwater and soil EPA’s website. contamination. One person was concerned about the health effects from drinking well water years 11. EPA typically houses its documents locally ago. (usually public libraries). Would/have you looked at our documents pertaining to this site Several people were concerned about not at the Petoskey District Library? understanding the sampling results they received for their properties. They stated that the sampling Most individuals interviewed had not looked at result letters were hard to understand and should the site-related documents that are stored at the be in a more simplified language. Petoskey District Library. Some asked if future funding for the site cleanup 12. What types of environmental issues, in general, would change due to recent cuts to EPA’s budget. interest you?

7. Do you feel that you have been adequately General environmental issues mentioned during informed about the site? the interviews included clean air, water, fracking, Pipeline 5, farming runoffs, and Bay Harbor. Several interviewees stated that they wished they would have known about the site sooner. Some 13. Are there any other people or groups you think had done their own research about the site to we should talk to because they have unique become more informed. information to share – or because they would like to know more about the project from EPA? 8. How would you like to be informed concerning future site activities (meetings, mail, e-mail, The following people/groups were suggested: newspaper, television, radio, social media, etc.)? Board of Realtors Some individuals felt that public meetings with Federal Order of Eagles general information about the site are needed. John Iacoangeli Some also suggested to have one-on-one meetings Little Traverse Conservancy with owners that are within the site area. Paul Tomey Residents close to the plume Tip of the Mitt Watershed Council

10 14. What is special or important about your Trails community? Unique area Most of the interviewees answered with Water resources enthusiasm when responding to what was special Weather or important about their community. Responses Year-round activities included the following: 15. Any further questions or comments? Ambiance • What is the cleanup timeline? Appreciation of a good ecosystem Area feels peaceful • What are the chemicals of concern? Art museum • Will the groundwater contamination move Bay over time? Bear River Close-knit community • How long were people drinking contaminated Family oriented water before they knew it was contaminated? Fishing Friendly • How far down in the ground does the Great place to enjoy your life contaminants go? Great place to raise children • Is the plume moving? Hemingway statue History • What will happen if the plume moves into the Keeping Michigan Pure lake? Library Local economy • Will hot spots expand over time? Lots of things to do • Will the plume impact Bear River? Music Natural beauty • Will the plume impact Bay Harbor? Passenger pigeon history • Will the contamination ever be gone? People appreciate the area Recreational opportunities • Does weather affect vapors? (i.e., in winter, Resort culture if ground is frozen, do vapors not disperse in Restaurants outside air? Seasons Small town with big town amenities • Will SSD units remain in place? If so, for how Snow long? Sunsets • Any need to tear down condos? The water (lake, streams) Tourist oriented • Will property values change? • Does attic insulation hold the contamination? • What are some of the remediation possibilities? • Who is responsible for paying for the cleanup? • Will funding change due to current administration? • What happens after MDEQ contract expires?

Bear Creek

11 4 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ACTION PLAN

This section highlights EPA’s goals, activities and timeline for conducting community involvement activities to keep community members informed and involved during the cleanup process.

When establishing the objectives for a site-specific community involvement program, EPA considers To meet the needs of the community, to several factors, including federal requirements and respond to information obtained during the nature and extent of known or perceived site community interviews and meetings, and contaminants, as well as known community concerns to meet federal requirements, EPA has and requests. established the following objectives for To be effective, a community involvement program community involvement: must be designed to meet the community’s need »» Enlist the support, coordination and to know, give information in a timely manner involvement of local officials and and accommodate the community’s interests and community leaders. its willingness to participate in decision-making processes. EPA must also share information in »» Monitor community interest in the site language the public can understand. and respond accordingly. EPA has, or will put in place, processes to actively »» Keep the community informed of engage the community in decisions regarding the ongoing and planned site activities. cleanup of the PMC Groundwater site. EPA developed this CIP to facilitate communication between the »» Explain technical site activities and community and EPA and to address key concerns findings in an understandable format. and questions raised during the 2018 community »» Get public input on key decisions. interviews. »» Change planned activities, where Specific community involvement warranted, based on community input. activities »» Update EPA’s website regularly with useful information for the community. EPA will inform, involve and engage the community during cleanup decisions and efforts. As the needs »» Hold public meetings, when necessary, of the community change, EPA will modify the within the community to give all community involvement strategies used to address residents an opportunity to attend. them. To address the initial community concerns and questions described in the community needs and concerns section (see page 9), EPA has conducted (or will conduct) the following activities: »» Establish a toll-free number for residents to ask Heriberto Leon questions and receive information. As questions Community Involvement Coordinator or concerns arise, Mr. León and Mr. Quadri can be [email protected] reached using their respective toll-free numbers. Phone: 312-866-6163 or 800-621-8431, ext. 66163 »» Maintain communication with local officials. EPA will continue to maintain communication Syed Quadri with local officials throughout the cleanup process. Remedial Project Manager [email protected] »» Share site information on the Internet. Site Phone: 312-886-5736 information is provided on the EPA website and 800-621-8431, ext. 65736 will be updated as events occur: www.epa.gov/ superfund/pmc-groundwater. 12 »» Update and maintain the site mailing list and Appendix C). EPA will update the administrative email group. A mailing list and email group record as necessary. The administrative record composed of residents, organizations, businesses gives residents a paper trail of all documents EPA and officials have been established for the site. relied on or considered, to reach decisions about The mailing list and email group will be updated the cleanup. regularly to reflect address changes, changes in » elected officials, and to add new people. » Write and distribute news releases and place public notices. EPA will place large display EPA typically mails written information to ensure advertisements in a local newspaper, such as The that people who do not have access to the Internet Petoskey News-Review, to announce significant still have a way to receive information. site investigation findings, completion of major These mailing lists are for EPA use only and are milestones, significant scheduling information and not shared with outside entities. If someone is other pertinent site-related information. interested in being placed on the mailing list, they News releases allow EPA to reach large should contact Mr. León. audiences quickly. They will also be posted on »» Prepare and distribute written materials. EPA’s website: www.epa.gov/superfund/pmc- Fact sheets, letters and updates summarizing groundwater. EPA will issue news releases and current information about the site and describing public notices as site activities progress. Copies of upcoming activities may be prepared and sent to the news releases and public notices will also be those on the mailing and email lists. The materials available at the information repository. will be written in non-technical language. EPA »» Conduct public meetings, hearings and will include current contact information for project information sessions. A public meeting is staff on all written materials and will notify the an opportunity for EPA to present specific community of any contact information changes. information and a proposed course of action. EPA In addition to being shared with individuals on staff is available to share information and answer the site mailing lists, fact sheets and site updates questions. A public meeting is not a formal public are also placed in the information repository and hearing where testimony is received. Instead, it posted on EPA’s website: www.epa.gov/superfund/ might be a meeting to exchange information or pmc-groundwater. comments. A public hearing is a formal meeting where EPA officials hear the public’s views »» Establish and maintain a site-specific and concerns about an EPA action or proposal. information repository. EPA has set up a local There are specific regulations about when EPA information repository for the site at the following is required to consider such comments when location: evaluating its actions. Public hearings are recorded Petoskey Public Library by a professional transcriber and become part of 500 E. Mitchell St. the administrative record. The comments are also Petoskey, MI posted on the Internet. The repository is a collection of site-related documents available to the public for reading and photocopying or printing. Documents include technical reports, the CIP, fact sheets, general Superfund information and other documents. EPA adds new documents about the site as they become available. Information repositories give residents local access to site information in forms that can be easily read and photocopied or printed for future use. An online information repository is also available on EPA’s website. »» Establish and maintain the administrative record. A copy of the administrative record, a file that contains all written documents for the site, can In addition, EPA may hold an informal open be found at the Petoskey Public Library and at the house-style meeting, called an availability session, EPA Superfund Records Center in Chicago (see where residents can meet EPA experts one-on- 13 one to discuss the activities at the site. Either EPA will consider conducting additional type of meeting allows community members an meetings at different times and different locations opportunity to express their concerns and ask throughout the community to give all residents an questions of EPA, state or local government opportunity to attend as needed. officials. Public meetings or availability sessions »» Assist the community in forming a community can be held at various times throughout the advisory group (CAG). A CAG is made up of investigation and cleanup process. A meeting residents representing community organizations, is typically scheduled when there are technical associations, businesses, etc., and provides a milestones, or the community has expressed an formal mechanism for community members to interest in having a meeting. have a voice in decisions. EPA encourages the formation of CAGs. CAGs meet periodically to discuss site events and create partnerships with the surrounding community. They also provide community recommendations on cleanup decisions to EPA. CAGs are best for communities willing to attend regularly scheduled formal meetings for ongoing needs. More information on CAGs can be found in Appendix D and at www2.epa.gov/ superfund/community-advisory-groups. »» Evaluate community involvement and outreach efforts and make adjustments as warranted. This CIP was designed to consider site- and community-specific factors as well as to comply with federal requirements. The objectives of the community involvement program for the site and the specific activities to address these concerns described in this CIP are based to a large extent on information obtained during the 2018 interviews with residents and officials. EPA recognizes that changes in community perceptions, information needs, and population demographics can occur over time. Such changes may require a revised approach to conducting community involvement activities. To determine whether the activities in this plan are achieving their intended objectives, periodic reviews will be done to determine whether other activities are needed or whether changes to current methods outlined in this plan are necessary. As the needs of the community change, EPA will modify the community involvement strategies and address them in a CIP revision.

Availability Session at City Hall in 2018.

14 Timeframe for conducting community involvement activities The following table presents the general timeframe for EPA’s community involvement activities.

Community Involvement Activities Timeframe Maintain point of contact Completed Completed; publish on written materials and EPA Establish a toll-free number website Maintain communication with local officials, agencies Ongoing as needed and community residents

Share site information on the Internet Completed; update as needed Update and maintain the site mailing list and email Completed; update as needed group Prepare and distribute fact sheets and site updates If needed Establish and maintain a site-specific information Completed; update as needed repository Establish and maintain the administrative record Completed; update as needed Conduct public meetings, hearings and information If needed sessions Place public notices As needed Evaluate community involvement and outreach Periodically throughout the process efforts and make adjustments as warranted

Throughout the investigation, EPA’s Community Involvement Coordinator (Mr. León) and Remedial Project Manager (Mr. Quadri) will respond to questions and concerns from those interested in the site. They will also be available to speak to local citizen groups upon request. EPA’s toll-free telephone number and Mr. León’s and Mr. Quadri’s direct numbers and email addresses will be included on all community involvement material and email correspondence.

15 5 THE COMMUNITY

This section presents background information on the city of Petoskey, profiles economic and ethnic makeup of the community and summarizes the community’s history and past involvement at the site.

COMMUNITY PROFILE History The city of Petoskey is the county seat of Emmet The first residents in the Petoskey area were the County. It is a resort community on the southeast shore ancestors of what is now known as the Little Traverse of the Little Traverse Bay of Lake Michigan at the Bay Band of Odawa Indians . The Little Traverse mouth of the Bear River. The total area of the city is Bay area was long inhabited by indigenous peoples, just over 5 square miles. including the Odawa people. The name “Petoskey” is said to mean “where the light shines through the Government and Public Services clouds” in the language of the Odawa. The city was known as Bear River when the first missionary arrived in 1855. The town was later renamed after Odawa Chief Ignatius Petoskey. Growth started to occur in the region when the railroad arrived in 1873. The nickname “Land of the Million Dollar Sunsets” came from the words of a traveling newspaper journalist visiting via railway. Petoskey was officially granted a charter in 1879. The town’s early economy was based mostly from lumber and limestone. The logging industry flourished due to access to Lake Michigan. In the late 19th century, Petoskey was also the location where 50,000 passenger pigeon birds were killed daily City Hall, Petoskey. in massive hunts, leading to their complete extinction The city has a council-manager form of government. in the early 20th century. A state historical marker The mayor is elected for 1-year terms. Council commemorates the events, including the last great members are elected for a term of 2 years. The city nesting at Crooked Lake in 1878. is divided into four wards, each represented by one council member. The city manager is the city’s chief administrative officer and administers the day-to-day operations for the city. The county government operates the correctional facility that is in Petoskey, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, keeps files of deeds and mortgages, maintains vital records, administers public health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of welfare and other social services.

Police, fire and emergency-medical services are Little Traverse Historical Society History Museum, Petoskey. provided through a unified Department of Public Safety. The department operates seven pieces of fire equipment, eight patrol vehicles, and two boats.

16 Petoskey is also famous for a high concentration Petoskey offers luxury hotels, restaurants, and of Petoskey stones, the state stone of Michigan. A their famous Gaslight shopping district. Tourism Petoskey stone is a rock and a fossil. These stones is vital to the town’s economy in both summer and were formed from glaciers, where sheets of ice pulled winter seasons. Many of Petoskey’s businesses are stones from the bedrock, grinded off their rough edges hotels, restaurants, and specialty shops. The city and left them along the northwestern part of the lower offers activities year-round including skiing, hiking, peninsula. horseback and bicycle riding trails, golf courses, fine dining, and shopping.

Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons/Michelle Pemberton Petoskey stone. West Bayfront Park.

Little Traverse Wheelway. 17 Demographics According to the 2010 U.S. Census data, Petoskey had a population of 5,670, which reflects a population decrease of about 6.7 percent from the 2000 census. Below are some charts showing population, education and income statistics.

Age groups in Petoskey Population Average age in 2010: 39.8 years

Petoskey (2010) Under 18 5,670 18 to 24 Petoskey (2017 estimate) 5,724 25 to 44 45 to 64 State of Michigan (2010) 9,883,640 65 and older

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% Source: census.gov Source: census.gov

Races (2016) Education (2016)

25%

White 20%

15%

10%

5% Hispanic Native Hawaiian Mixed race African American 0 Native American Other > High < High Some Associates Bachelor’s Graduate/ Asian School School college degree degree professional degree Source: city-data.com Source: census.gov

Household income levels Average household income in 2016: $108,352

Less than $10,000: 4.2% $10,000 to $14,999: 0.7% $15,000 to $24,999: 6.9% $25,000 to $34,999: 7% $35,000 to $49,999: 25.7% $50,000 to $74,999: 14.4% $75,000 to $99,999: 18.4% $100,000 to $149,99: 3.0% $150,000 to $199,999: 7.8% More than $200,000: 11.9%

Source: census.gov 05 10 15 20 25 30 18 APPENDIX A – Glossary/Acronyms

Administrative Record: An official collection Community Involvement Coordinator: The EPA of documents related to the site cleanup, typically representative responsible for involving and informing containing technical reports as well as public the public about the Superfund process and response comments. Information in the administrative record actions in accordance with the requirements set is available to the public – the administrative record forth in the National Oil and Hazardous Substances for this site can be found at: www.epa.gov/superfund/ Pollution Contingency Plan (NCP). pmc-groundwater, click on Site Documents & Data, Administrative Records. Community Involvement Plan: A plan that outlines specific community involvement activities that occur Availability session: An open-house style meeting during the cleanup of a site. The CIP outlines how EPA where people can meet and talk one-on-one with EPA will keep the public informed of work happening in staff. the community and the ways residents can participate in decisions made about the site. The document is CAG. See Community Advisory Group. available in the site’s information repository and in CERCLA. See Comprehensive Environmental the Administrative Record. The CIP may be modified Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. to reflect changes in community concerns and information needs. CIC. See Community Involvement Coordinator. Comprehensive Environmental Response, CIP. See Community Involvement Plan. Compensation, and Liability Act: A federal law commonly known as Superfund. CERCLA is designed Cleanup: Actions taken to address potentially harmful to protect human and environmental by requiring the contamination. The term “cleanup” is sometimes used investigation and cleanup of hazardous waste sites. interchangeably with the terms “remedial action,” According CERCLA, EPA can: “remediation,” “removal action,” “response action,” or “corrective action.” »» Pay for site cleanup when parties responsible for the contamination cannot be located or are unable Community Advisory Group: A committee, to do the work; or, task force, or board made up of residents affected by a Superfund or other hazardous waste site. A »» Legally require the parties responsible for the CAG provides a way for representatives of diverse contaminating the site to clean up the site. If community interest to present and discuss their needs the responsible parties are unwilling to do the and concerns related to the site and the site cleanup cleanup, EPA will clean up the site and force the process. CAGs are a community initiative and responsible parties to reimburse the Agency. responsibility. They function independently of EPA. Contamination: Introduction of harmful Community Engagement. The process of involving microorganisms, chemicals, toxic substances, wastes communities in all phases of the cleanup process. or wastewater into air, water, or soil in amounts that Communities are asked to provide input on how the make the air, water, or soil unfit to use. cleanup will be conducted and how it may affect community plans and goals. See also Community EPA. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. involvement. Groundwater: Groundwater is an environmental term Community involvement: The term used by EPA for an underground supply of fresh water. to identify its process for engaging in discussion and Information repository: A place where residents can collaboration with communities affected by Superfund find information, such as technical documents and fact sites. EPA community involvement is founded on sheets, about the site. The information repository is the belief that people have a right to know what the typically a public building (e.g., a library). Agency is doing in their community and have a say in it. Its purpose is to give people the opportunity to MDEQ. Michigan Department of Environmental become involved in the Agency’s activities and to help Quality. shape the decisions being made about the site. MDNR. Michigan Department of Natural Resources.

19 National Priorities List: EPA’s list of serious exposure to this family of chemicals is suspected of uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous waste sites causing cancer, as well as problems of the liver and identified for possible long-term cleanup under weakening of the immune system. Superfund. The list is based primarily on the score a site receives from the Hazard Ranking System. EPA is Vapor intrusion. Occurs when underground pollutants required to update this list at least once a year. release chemical vapors that travel up through the soil and accumulate beneath building foundations. NPL. See National Priorities List. Air in the building becomes polluted when vapors enter through cracks or holes in foundations and crawl Plume. A visible or measurable discharge of a spaces. contaminant from a given point of origin. VI. See vapor intrusion. PMC. Petoskey Manufacturing Company. VOCs. See volatile organic compounds. Record of decision. A record of decision (ROD) is a legal, technical and public document that explains Volatile organic compounds. A type of organic which cleanup alternative will be used at a Superfund compound that tends to change from a liquid to a NPL site. The ROD is based on information and gas at low temperatures when exposed to air. As technical analysis generated during the remedial a result of this tendency, VOCs disappear more investigation and feasibility study and consideration of rapidly from surface water than from groundwater. public comments and community concerns. Since groundwater does not come into contact with air, VOCs are not easily released and can remain in Remedial Project Manager. EPA official who is the groundwater that is being used for drinking water, technical lead on a project. posing a threat to people’s health. Some VOCs are ROD. See record of decision. believed to cause cancer in humans. More information can be found on the following website: www.atsdr.cdc. Superfund. The program operated under the gov/substances/toxchemicallisting.asp?sysid=7. legislative authority of CERCLA that funds and carries out EPA solid waste emergency and long-term removal and remedial activities. These activities include establishing the National Priorities List, investigating sites for inclusion on the list, determining their priority and conducting and/or supervising cleanup or other remedial actions. TCE. See Trichloroethene. Trichloroethene. A chemical which is used as a solvent to remove oils and grease from metal products and is found in adhesives, paint removers, typewriter correction fluids and spot removers. TCE is colorless liquid with an odor similar to ether and is a manufactured substance which does not occur naturally in the environment. It minimally dissolves in water and can remain in groundwater for a long time. TCE evaporates from surface water and soil, although it evaporates less easily from soil. Exposure from TCE is most commonly through breathing air that has TCE vapors, drinking or showering in contaminated water, or direct contact with contaminated soil. Long-term

20 APPENDIX B – List of Contacts

EPA Region 5 Project Contacts Representative Jack Bergman 1396 Douglas Dr., Ste. 22B Heriberto León Traverse City, MI 49696 Community Involvement Coordinator 231-944-7633 77 W. Jackson Blvd. (SI-6J) https://bergman.house.gov/contact/ Chicago, IL 60604 312-886-6163 414 Cannon HOB 800-621-8431, ext. 66163 Washington, DC 20515 [email protected] 202-225-4735 Syed Quadri State Elected Officials Remedial Project Manager 77 W. Jackson Blvd. (SR-6J) Governor Gretchen Witmer Chicago, IL 60604 PO Box 15282 Phone: 312-886-5736 Lansing, MI 48901 800-621-8431, ext. 65736 517-763-2955 [email protected] Senator Wayne Schmidt Jennifer Manville 201 Townsend St., Ste. 4600 Indian Environmental Liaisaon (MI) Lansing, MI 48933 400 Boardman Ave. (R-19J) 517-373-2413 Rm # Traverse C [email protected] Traverse City, MI 49684 State and Local Agencies 231-941-0237 [email protected] Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Beth Mead-O’Brien Federal Elected Officials 525 W. Allegan St. Lansing, MI 48909 Senator Debbie Stabenow 517-284-5132 3335 S. Airport Rd. West [email protected] Ste. 6B Traverse City, MI 49684 Health Department of Northwest Michigan 231-929-1031 Scott Kendzierski www.stabenow.senate.gov/contact 3434 M-119, Ste. A Harbor Springs, MI 49740 731 Hart Senate Office Building 231-347-6014 Washington, DC 20510 202-224-4822 Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians Traven Michaels Senator Gary Peters Environmental Response Specialist 818 Red Dr., Ste. 40 7500 Odawa Circle Traverse City, MI 49684 Harbor Springs, MI 49740 231-947-7773 231-242-1573 www.peters.senate.gov/contact/email-gary [email protected] Hart Senate Office Building Grand Traverse Bay Tribe Ste. 734 Melissa Witkowski Washington, DC 20510 2605 N. West Bay Dr. 202-224-6221 Peshawbestown, MI 49682

21 Local Officials Newspapers Mayor John Murphy Petoskey News-Review City of Petoskey 319 State St. 101 E. Lake St. Petoskey, MI 49770 Petoskey, MI 49770 231-347-2544 231-330-1352 [email protected] Robert Straebel City Manager Television Stations City of Petoskey WCML PBS Channel 6, Alpena, MI 101 E. Lake St. WCMV PBS Channel 27, Cadillac, MI Petoskey, MI 49770 WFUP FOX Channel 45, Vanderbilt, MI 231-347-2500 WGTQ ABC Channel 8, Sault Ste. Marie, MI WGTU ABC TRAVERSE CITY, MI Channel 29, Grant Dittmar Traverse City, MI Ward 3 Representative WTOM NBC Channel 4, Cheboygan, MI 101 E. Lake St. WWUP CBS Channel 10, Sault Ste. Marie, MI Petoskey, MI 49770 231-347-0207 Radio Stations Jonathan Scheel WLDR (750) - country; simulcast of WLDR-FM Commissioner, District 5 Traverse City 506 N. Division St. WJML (1110) - Talk Petoskey, MI 49770 WMKT (1270) - News/Talk (licensed to Charlevoix, 231-342-9025 studios in Petoskey) John Stakoe WMBN (1340) - Sports Talk Radio Commissioner, District 6 WTLI (89.3) - contemporary Christian “Smile FM” 972 Country Lane WJOG (91.3) - contemporary Christian “Smile FM” Petoskey, MI 49770 WBCM (93.5) - country; simulcast of WTCM-FM 231-622-8205 Traverse City W237DA (95.3) - translator of WFDX-FM Atlanta Betsy White (classic hits) Commissioner, District 7 WLXT (96.3) - adult contemporary 927 E. Lake St. WKLZ (98.9) - classic rock; simulcast of WKLT-FM Petoskey, MI 49770 Kalkaska 231-590-6870 WCMW (103.9) - CMU Public Radio (Harbor Springs) WKHQ (105.9) - CHR/top 40 (licensed to Charlevoix, studios in Petoskey)

22 APPENDIX C – Community Resources

Local Information Repository Official Information Repository Petoskey Public Library EPA Region 5 Superfund Record Center 500 Mitchell St. Room 711, 7th Floor Petoskey, MI 49770 Ralph Metcalfe Federal Building 231-758-3100 77 W. Jackson Blvd. Chicago, IL 60604

EPA maintains a website for the PMC Groundwater site: www.epa.gov/superfund/pmc-groundwater.

Petoskey Public Library.

23 APPENDIX D – Community Engagement and the Superfund Process

Superfund is an environmental cleanup program local, tribal or state agencies or others, it follows a enabled by a federal law enacted in 1980 known step-by-step process (see the Superfund process steps as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, illustration on the next page) to determine the best way Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also to clean up the area and protect people’s health and the called Superfund. In 1986, another law, the Superfund environment. Amendments and Reauthorization Act, reauthorized CERCLA to continue Superfund cleanup activities. If a site poses an immediate threat to public health CERCLA gives EPA the authority to require those or the environment, EPA can intervene with an parties responsible for creating hazardous waste sites emergency response action. The goal of EPA’s to clean up those sites or to reimburse the government Emergency Response and Removal Program is if EPA cleans up the site. EPA compels responsible to protect the public and the environment from parties to clean up hazardous waste sites through immediate threats posed by the release or discharge of administrative orders and other legal agreements. hazardous substances. EPA is authorized to enforce the Superfund laws The Superfund program encourages active dialogue within Indian reservations, in all 50 states and in U.S. between communities affected by the release territories. Superfund site identification, monitoring of hazardous substances and all of the agencies and response activities are coordinated with state, responsible for carrying out or overseeing cleanup tribal and territorial environmental protection or waste actions. EPA considers community involvement to management agencies. be an important part of the Superfund program and There are several steps involved in cleaning up a opportunities for community involvement occur contaminated location. Once EPA has been made throughout the process. aware of a contaminated area from individual citizens,

Visit these EPA websites for more information on the Superfund process: Superfund: www.epa.gov/superfund Cleanup Process: www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-cleanup-process Community Involvement: www.epa.gov/superfund/superfund-community-involvement

THE SUPERFUND REMEDIAL PROCESS

Assessment Characterization Selection of Cleanup Post-Construction Remedy

ie eii ite ti eei etiti e eei eei eti titi eet eti iitie it eiiit t eii ei ti itee eeti ite iti e iee eie

Community involvement and planning for a site’s redevelopment are integral to the entire process

24 Te Suerfund rocess

What will happen? What can I do?

• EPA reviews existing information about the site Preliminary • Provide EPA with any information you have about • The site is inspected Assessment/Site the site • Meetings are held with local officials and key Investigation • Request TASC program if necessary community members to obtain historical information

• A Hazard Ranking System is used to evaluate • Read EPA’s proposal to add site to NPL dangers the site may pose to human health and Submit any comments during public comment environment National Priorities period Proposal published in the Federal Register, List Apply for TAG if your community qualifies requesting public comments on whether site should be included in the NPL

• Soil, surface water, ground water, and waste • Participate in community interviews samples from site are analyzed Review site information at the information Remedial Cleanup methods are explored repository or on EPA website PUIC IRAR Community Involvement Plan is developed Investigation/ Join or form a CAG Information repository is established Feasibility Study

• A cleanup plan is proposed, highlighting EPA’s • Review and comment on the proposed plan recommended cleanup method Attend public meeting discussing the proposed A public meeting is held Proposed Plan cleanup method 30-day public comment period issued

• The selected cleanup plan, including responses to • Read the ROD at the information repository public comments, are included in the ROD Record of or on EPA website Decision • Cleanup methods are developed • Read fact sheet about the work including planned A fact sheet is issued. EPA may hold meetings to work hours, truck traffic, noise and health and describe the final design Remedial Design/ safety precautions Construction or implementation Remedial Action Attend meetings stage of cleanup begins

• Routine maintenance takes place once construction • Work through your TASC or CAG for information is completed to protect human health and the Maintaining Site Contact EPA with questions environment Cleanup over the EPA reviews the site every 5 years Long-Term

• The site may be deleted from the NPL if all cleanup • Provide comments about the site goals are met NPL Site Read the final deletion report Public comments are solicited on deletion of site Plan a community event to celebrate deletion Deletion from NPL from NPL

euse of site After the site is cleaned up, EPA will work with your community to help return the site to productive use.

or more information on the Superfund Process, visit: www.epa.govsuperfundsuperfund-cleanup-process 25 Community Advisory Groups Technical Assistance Grant Program A Superfund community advisory group, or CAG, A Technical Assistance Grant, or TAG, helps is made up of representatives of diverse community communities participate in Superfund cleanup interests. Its purpose is to provide a public forum decision-making. TAGs provide funding to community for community members to present and discuss groups to contract their own technical advisor to their needs and concerns related to the Superfund interpret and explain technical reports, site conditions, decision-making process. A CAG can assist EPA in and EPA’s proposed cleanup proposals and decisions. making better decisions on how to clean up a site. It An initial grant up to $50,000 is available to qualified offers EPA a unique opportunity to hear-and seriously community groups. consider-community preferences for site cleanup and remediation. However, the existence of a CAG does For more information about TAGs, visit: not eliminate the need for EPA to keep the community www.epa.gov/superfund/technical-assistance-grant- informed about plans and decisions throughout the tag-program. Superfund process. For more information about CAGs, visit www.epa. gov/superfund/community-advisory-groups. Technical Assistance for Communities The national Technical Assistance Services for Communities, or TASC, program provides independent assistance through an EPA contract to help communities better understand the science, regulations and policies of environmental issues and EPA actions. Under the TASC contract, a contractor provides scientists, engineers and other professionals to review and explain information to communities. The services are determined on a project‑specific basis and provided at no cost to communities. This assistance supports community efforts to get more involved and work productively with EPA to address environmental issues. For more information about TASC, visit: www.epa.gov/superfund/technical-assistance-services- communities-tasc-program.

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