Engineering and Physical Sciences at the University of Birmingham
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Myosin II Reactivation and Cytoskeletal Remodeling As a Hallmark and a Vulnerability in Melanoma Therapy Resistance
Article Myosin II Reactivation and Cytoskeletal Remodeling as a Hallmark and a Vulnerability in Melanoma Therapy Resistance Graphical Abstract Authors Jose L. Orgaz, Eva Crosas-Molist, Amine Sadok, ..., actin-Myosin dynamics Sophia N. Karagiannis, Ilaria Malanchi, Victoria Sanz-Moreno transcriptional re-wiring cytoskeleton ROCK-Myosin II- Correspondence remodeling addicted tumor [email protected] (J.L.O.), MAPKi [email protected] (V.S.-M.) MAPKi anti-PD-1 MAPK Myosin II Cross-resistant ROCK/Myosin II In Brief phenotype inhibition Orgaz et al. show that myosin II activity ROCK/Myosin II ROCK/Myosin II increases during melanoma adaptation to PD-L1 ROS PD-L1 ROS MAPK pathway inhibition. ROCK-myosin II signaling supports survival of resistant p-H2A.X melanoma cells and promotes immunosuppression. ROCK inhibitors FOXP3+ + Treg CD206+ CD206 improve the efficacy of MAPK inhibitors CD206+ φ FOXP3+ Mφ M Mφ Treg and immunotherapies in melanoma FOXP3+ FOXP3+ + + CD206 Treg Treg CD206 φ + M + CD206 Mφ models. + CD206 φ FOXP3 φ M Treg M Highlights d Therapy-resistant melanoma cells restore myosin II activity to increase survival d High myosin II activity identifies targeted and immunotherapy-resistant melanomas d ROCK-myosin II inhibition increases ROS-DNA damage and decreases PD-L1 and Tregs d ROCK inhibition enhances efficacy of MAPK inhibitors and immunotherapies Orgaz et al., 2020, Cancer Cell 37, 85–103 January 13, 2020 ª 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2019.12.003 Cancer Cell Article Myosin II Reactivation and Cytoskeletal Remodeling as a Hallmark and a Vulnerability in Melanoma Therapy Resistance Jose L. -
Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize Winners Part 2 - 1951 to 1974: from Crick and Watson to Dorothy Hodgkin
Cambridge's 92 Nobel Prize winners part 2 - 1951 to 1974: from Crick and Watson to Dorothy Hodgkin By Cambridge News | Posted: January 18, 2016 By Adam Care The News has been rounding up all of Cambridge's 92 Nobel Laureates, celebrating over 100 years of scientific and social innovation. ADVERTISING In this installment we move from 1951 to 1974, a period which saw a host of dramatic breakthroughs, in biology, atomic science, the discovery of pulsars and theories of global trade. It's also a period which saw The Eagle pub come to national prominence and the appearance of the first female name in Cambridge University's long Nobel history. The Gender Pay Gap Sale! Shop Online to get 13.9% off From 8 - 11 March, get 13.9% off 1,000s of items, it highlights the pay gap between men & women in the UK. Shop the Gender Pay Gap Sale – now. Promoted by Oxfam 1. 1951 Ernest Walton, Trinity College: Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei 2. 1951 John Cockcroft, St John's / Churchill Colleges: Nobel Prize in Physics, for using accelerated particles to study atomic nuclei Walton and Cockcroft shared the 1951 physics prize after they famously 'split the atom' in Cambridge 1932, ushering in the nuclear age with their particle accelerator, the Cockcroft-Walton generator. In later years Walton returned to his native Ireland, as a fellow of Trinity College Dublin, while in 1951 Cockcroft became the first master of Churchill College, where he died 16 years later. 3. 1952 Archer Martin, Peterhouse: Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for developing partition chromatography 4. -
Stoddart Research Professor of Chemistry, a Position Northwestern University He Held Until His Death in 1977
PREVIOUS J.K.N. JONES JONES LECTURERS John Kenyon Netherton Jones, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry Birmingham University. Assistant lecturer Queen’s University and then lecturer at Bristol University 1936- 2011 • J.A. Caruso 1944, he was engaged in munitions research and training during the Second World War. 2010 • T. Marks He resigned at the end of the war with the is honoured to host the rank of captain, and returned to academic 2012 Jones Lecturer: work as senior lecturer at Manchester 2010 • G. van Koten University 1945-1948 and then as reader in chemistry at Bristol University 1948-1953. 2009 • P.B. Corkum He came to Queen's in 1953 as Chown Prof. J Fraser Stoddart Research Professor of Chemistry, a position Northwestern University he held until his death in 1977. 2008 • M. Gruebele Evanston, Illinois, USA Professor Jones' outstanding achievements in carbohydrate chemistry were recognized by 2005 • W. Klemperer his election as Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1957 and of the Royal Society of Canada in 1959. The Division of 2001 • G. Ozin Carbohydrate Chemistry of the American Chemical Society presented him with the 1997 • M.S. Brookhart Claude S. Hudson Award in 1969, and in 1975 he received the Anselme Payen Award from the Cellulose, Paper and Textile 1993 • B.O. Fraser-Reid Public Lecture Division. In March 1975 he was awarded the third Sir Norman Haworth Memorial Medal of “Mingling Art with Science” The Chemical Society (London). 1990 • S. Hanessian Professor Jones was, at all times, an Thursday, March 22, 2012 educator of the highest rank and an 1982 • R. -
Vitamin C: Prevention of Chronic Diseases and Optimal Doses
NFT 9-2010 s. 20-27 08.09.10 13.00 Side 20 Vitenskap Review Vitamin C: Prevention of Chronic Diseases and Optimal Doses TEXT: Purusotam Basnet, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION acid because of its anti-scorbutic property ABSTRACT It has been known for a long time that (Latin word scorbutus = scurvy). In absence of fresh fruit and vegetables in the solution, it releases a proton to give an The role of vitamin C in prevention and human diet leads to scurvy, a fatal disease anion called ascorbate. Ascorbate easily treatment of scurvy is well accepted. In widely described throughout written transfers one electron and one additional spite of having long history as the candidate of alternative therapy for the history (Lind, 1753). Later, it was dis - proton and can remains in the stable prevention and treatment of cancer, still covered that ascorbic acid in fresh fruits radical form as semidehydroascorbate there is no common conclusion on the and vegetables prevents scurvy and that is (SDA), a state in between dehydroa- topic. However, its biochemical reaction why it is a vitamin for humans and must be scorbic acid (DHA) and ascorbate in the as an antioxidant and its immuno- a part of human diet (Mandl et al., 2009). physiological condition (figure 1). stimulating effects drew further Among the long list of people who Because of the unique electron trans- attention towards its health beneficial contributed to the knowledge regarding ferring capability, ascorbate plays a vital effects. Current official recommended vitamin C, three Nobel prize-winners are in role in living cells. -
Ian Rae: “Two Croatian Chemists Who Were Awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry”
Croatian Studies Review 13 (2017) Ian Rae: “Two Croatian Chemists who were Awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry” Ian Rae School of Chemistry University of Melbourne [email protected] Abstract Two organic chemists of Croatian origin, Leopold Ružička and Vladimir Prelog, made significant contributions to natural product chemistry during the twentieth century. They received their university education and research training in Germany and Czechoslovakia, respectively. Both made their careers in Zürich, Switzerland, and both shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, in 1939 and 1975, respectively. In this article, I have set the details of their lives and achievements against the education and research climates in Europe and other regions, especially as they apply to the field of chemistry. Key words: Croatia, organic, chemistry, Nobel, Ružička, Prelog 31 Croatian Studies Review 13 (2017) Introduction1 In the twentieth century two organic chemists of Croatian origin were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. They were Lavoslav (Leopold) Ružička (1887-1976) and Vladimir Prelog (1906-1998), whose awards came in 1939 and 1975, respectively. Both were living and working in Switzerland at the time of the awards and it was in that country – specifically in the city of Zürich – that they performed the research that made them Nobel Laureates. To understand the careers of Ružička and Prelog, and of many other twentieth century organic chemists, we need to look back to the nineteenth century when German chemists were the leaders in this field of science. Two developments characterise this German hegemony: the introduction of the research degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), and the close collaboration between organic chemists in industry and university. -
Watson's Way with Words
books and arts My teeth were set on edge by reference to “the stable form of uranium”,a violation of Kepler’s second law in a description of how the Earth’s orbit would change under various circumstances, and by “the rest mass of the neutrino is 4 eV”. Collins has been well served by his editor and publisher, but not perfectly. There are un-sort-out-able mismatches between text and index, references and figures; acronyms D.WRITING LIFE OF JAMES THE WATSON in the second half of the alphabet go un- decoded; several well-known names are misspelled. And readers are informed that Weber’s death occurred “on September 31, E. C. FRIEDBERG, 2000”. Well, Joe always said he could do things that other people couldn’t, but there are limits. Incidentally, my adviser was partly right: I should not have agreed to review this book. It is very much harder to hear harsh, some- times false, things said about one’s spouse after he can no longer defend himself. I am not alone in this feeling. Carvel Gold, widow of Thomas Gold, whose work was also far from universally accepted (see Nature 430, 415;2004),says the same thing. ■ Virginia Trimble is at the University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA. She and Joe The write idea? In The Double Helix,James Watson gave Weber were married from 16 March 1972 until his a personal account of the quest for the structure of DNA. death on 30 September 2000. Watson set out to produce a good story that the public would enjoy as much as The Great Gatsby.He started writing in 1962 with the working title “Honest Jim”,which is illumi- Watson’s way nating in itself. -
Date: To: September 22, 1 997 Mr Ian Johnston©
22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 4& 8 6603847 SID 01 NOBELSTIFTELSEN The Nobel Foundation TELEFAX Date: September 22, 1 997 To: Mr Ian Johnston© Company: Executive Office of the Secretary-General Fax no: 0091-2129633511 From: The Nobel Foundation Total number of pages: olO MESSAGE DearMrJohnstone, With reference to your fax and to our telephone conversation, I am enclosing the address list of all Nobel Prize laureates. Yours sincerely, Ingr BergstrSm Mailing address: Bos StU S-102 45 Stockholm. Sweden Strat itddrtSMi Suircfatan 14 Teleptelrtts: (-MB S) 663 » 20 Fsuc (*-«>!) «W Jg 47 22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 B S603847 SID 02 22-SEP-1997 16:35 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 8 6603847 SID 03 Professor Willis E, Lamb Jr Prof. Aleksandre M. Prokhorov Dr. Leo EsaJki 848 North Norris Avenue Russian Academy of Sciences University of Tsukuba TUCSON, AZ 857 19 Leninskii Prospect 14 Tsukuba USA MSOCOWV71 Ibaraki Ru s s I a 305 Japan 59* c>io Dr. Tsung Dao Lee Professor Hans A. Bethe Professor Antony Hewlsh Department of Physics Cornell University Cavendish Laboratory Columbia University ITHACA, NY 14853 University of Cambridge 538 West I20th Street USA CAMBRIDGE CB3 OHE NEW YORK, NY 10027 England USA S96 014 S ' Dr. Chen Ning Yang Professor Murray Gell-Mann ^ Professor Aage Bohr The Institute for Department of Physics Niels Bohr Institutet Theoretical Physics California Institute of Technology Blegdamsvej 17 State University of New York PASADENA, CA91125 DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA D anni ark USA 595 600 613 Professor Owen Chamberlain Professor Louis Neel ' Professor Ben Mottelson 6068 Margarldo Drive Membre de rinstitute Nordita OAKLAND, CA 946 IS 15 Rue Marcel-Allegot Blegdamsvej 17 USA F-92190 MEUDON-BELLEVUE DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 Frankrike D an m ar k 599 615 Professor Donald A. -
Final Programme 12Th JVMS.Pdf
12th John Vane Memorial Symposium on Prostacyclin Science and Pulmonary Vascular Disease 17-18 March 2017 Foreword by Sir John Vane, FRS, Nobel Laureate Professor Chris Thiemermann, FMedSci by Rod Flower, FRS Dear Friends and Colleagues, Sir John Vane was one of the pre-eminent pharmacologists of the I am delighted to welcome you to the 12th John Vane Memorial twentieth century and, during a career spanning over 50 years, Symposium on Prostacyclin Science and Pulmonary Vascular made enormous contributions to the pharmacotherapy of Disease which has been made possible thanks to the valued hypertension and inflammation. support of United Therapeutics who have once again provided John was born in Worcestershire and educated at King Edward us with an unrestricted educational grant. VI School, Birmingham. His first degree (1946) was a B.Sc. in The John Vane Memorial Symposia Series has become an Chemistry at the University of Birmingham but, as he later important fixture on the Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) explained to his tutor, he did not want to pursue chemistry as a community’s busy calendar and provides participants with a career because the subject did not excite him. By chance, he valuable opportunity to learn about the very latest clinical and was offered training as a pharmacologist under the tutelage of scientific developments in PAH from leading international experts Professor J. Harold Burn in Oxford where he really found his working in this area. métier. After obtaining his Ph.D. in 1953 John spent two years in the Department of Pharmacology at Yale University with the This year’s scientific programme includes a wealth of important (then) chairman Dr. -
Facts and Figures 2013
Facts and Figures 201 3 Contents The University 2 World ranking 4 Academic pedigree 6 Areas of impact 8 Research power 10 Spin-outs 12 Income 14 Students 16 Graduate careers 18 Alumni 20 Faculties and Schools 22 Staff 24 Estates investment 26 Visitor attractions 28 Widening participation 30 At a glance 32 1 The University of Manchester Our Strategic Vision 2020 states our mission: “By 2020, The University of Manchester will be one of the top 25 research universities in the world, where all students enjoy a rewarding educational and wider experience; known worldwide as a place where the highest academic values and educational innovation are cherished; where research prospers and makes a real difference; and where the fruits of scholarship resonate throughout society.” Our core goals 1 World-class research 2 Outstanding learning and student experience 3 Social responsibility 2 3 World ranking The quality of our teaching and the impact of our research are the cornerstones of our success. 5 The Shanghai Jiao Tong University UK Academic Ranking of World ranking Universities assesses the best teaching and research universities, and in 2012 we were ranked 40th in the world. 7 World European UK European Year Ranking Ranking Ranking ranking 2012 40 7 5 2010 44 9 5 2005 53 12 6 2004* 78* 24* 9* 40 Source: 2012 Shanghai Jiao Tong University World Academic Ranking of World Universities ranking *2004 ranking refers to the Victoria University of Manchester prior to the merger with UMIST. 4 5 Academic pedigree Nobel laureates 1900 JJ Thomson , Physics (1906) We attract the highest calibre researchers and Ernest Rutherford , Chemistry (1908) teachers, boasting 25 Nobel Prize winners among 1910 William Lawrence Bragg , Physics (1915) current and former staff and students. -
Journal of Science (Including the History & Philosophy of Science)
St Benedict’s LSC Journal of Science (including the History & Philosophy of Science) Volume 3 ∙ Number 1 ∙ January 2019 Published by the Science Department, St Benedict’s Catholic School LSC, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, UK. Editor-in Chief: Mr J Gregory Associate Editors: Mrs F Green, Mr F Sousa, Mrs R Blewitt and Mr C McGraffin EDITOR’S NOTE: Welcome to the first issue of Volume 3 of our Journal of Science. I apologise for the fact that it has been a year since the last issue and hope to make up for it during the Spring and Summer terms this year! This issue features a variety of papers and posters containing many fascinating pieces of information ranging from one author’s ultrasound scan when she was only 12 weeks old and still inside her mother’s womb; biographies of some famous scientists; all about different states of matter; animals that don’t have bones; and three very thoughtful and insightful papers comparing the work of Rosalind Franklin and that of Watson & Crick in the discovery of the structure of DNA – a topic that still causes much debate. We take the celebration of New Year’s Day, January 1st, rather for granted these days but, when you think about it, January 1st is in the middle of Winter and, although the days are getting longer, nothing much else is going to happen for at least another couple of months. Wouldn’t it be better to mark the event on the date of the Winter Solstice, December 21st, which marks the moment when the days actually do start to get longer? Or maybe at the Vernal (Spring) Equinox, 20th March, when days become longer than nights and the first green shoots of growth are appearing in nature? The fact is that, in Western Civilisation, the so-called ‘New Year’ has varied throughout. -
Los Premios Nobel De Química
Los premios Nobel de Química MATERIAL RECOPILADO POR: DULCE MARÍA DE ANDRÉS CABRERIZO Los premios Nobel de Química El campo de la Química que más premios ha recibido es el de la Quí- mica Orgánica. Frederick Sanger es el único laurea- do que ganó el premio en dos oca- siones, en 1958 y 1980. Otros dos también ganaron premios Nobel en otros campos: Marie Curie (física en El Premio Nobel de Química es entregado anual- 1903, química en 1911) y Linus Carl mente por la Academia Sueca a científicos que so- bresalen por sus contribuciones en el campo de la Pauling (química en 1954, paz en Física. 1962). Seis mujeres han ganado el Es uno de los cinco premios Nobel establecidos en premio: Marie Curie, Irène Joliot- el testamento de Alfred Nobel, en 1895, y que son dados a todos aquellos individuos que realizan Curie (1935), Dorothy Crowfoot Ho- contribuciones notables en la Química, la Física, la dgkin (1964), Ada Yonath (2009) y Literatura, la Paz y la Fisiología o Medicina. Emmanuelle Charpentier y Jennifer Según el testamento de Nobel, este reconocimien- to es administrado directamente por la Fundación Doudna (2020) Nobel y concedido por un comité conformado por Ha habido ocho años en los que no cinco miembros que son elegidos por la Real Aca- demia Sueca de las Ciencias. se entregó el premio Nobel de Quí- El primer Premio Nobel de Química fue otorgado mica, en algunas ocasiones por de- en 1901 al holandés Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff. clararse desierto y en otras por la Cada destinatario recibe una medalla, un diploma y situación de guerra mundial y el exi- un premio económico que ha variado a lo largo de los años. -
The Physiologist Also Receive Abstracts of the Conferences of the Tsien and Reuter Elected American Physiological Society
The A Publication of The American Physiological Society Physiologist Volume 40 Number 4 August 1997 Fostering Science and Science Careers Donald T. Frazier, Director Inside Outreach Center for Science and Health Career Opportunities, University of Kentucky I am most appreciative of the Guyton Physiology Teacher of the Year Award, especially since it is named after Arthur Guyton. It is through his efforts 150th APS in placing physiology in the hands of so many stu- Business dents that W. B. Saunders Company has seen fit to Meeting support this teaching award. As will be immediately p. 135 obvious by my remarks, I accept this honor on behalf of the many staff and volunteers at the Uni- versity of Kentucky who are the backbone of our outreach efforts. It is a recognition that I will long APS Committee remember and cherish. I would be remiss if I did not Reports publicly thank Dan Richardson for nominating me p. 141 and nominating me and nominating me. In all seri- ousness, my biggest reward is that Dan felt, rightful- ly or wrongfully, that my credentials deserved con- sideration. He could be in front of you in his own Donald T. Frazier EB ‘98 Preview right since he is truly a master teacher who has ded- p. 168 icated so much to physiology. responses to environment/economy issues, As is often the case, those attending a talk increased financial support for science education, concerning education are often more knowledge- an internationally competitive workforce, and able than the speaker. I am very confident that this maintenance of an adequate healthcare applicant Career Corner: is the situation I face tonight.