22 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 2005. Spatial ecology of endangered , endangered of ecology Spatial 2005. F.J.and Echternacht, Burton. A.C. R.M., Goodman, Iguana 12(3):175-176. tribute. a Pharaoh: 2005. J. Ehrenberger, Entomology 19:326-328. izing 2005. Ticksparasit- Knapp. C.R. and Durden,L.A. Grand Cayman.Iguana 12(3):166-174. Reserve, Salina the in (Cycluralewisi) blue of population wild new a F.J.Restoring Burton, 2005. Iguana update. 12(2):98-99. iguana Blue 2005. F.J. Burton, Anegada iguana ( Bradley, K.A. and G.P. Gerber. 2005. ParqueConservation Nacional Isla Cabritos. of Iguana 12(4):256-261.the Banbury,iguanasofrock Y.M.andThe B.L. Ramos. in the Bahamas. Medical and Veterinary Email: [email protected] National TrustfortheCaymanIslands Fredric Burton,DeputyChair Email: [email protected] Zoological SocietyofSanDiego Allison Alberts,Co-Chair Recent Literature pinguis ). Iguana 12(2):79-85. 15600 SanPasqualValleyRoad, Applied AnimalEcologyDivision Zoological SocietyofSanDiego ISG ContactInformation Escondido, CA92027 http://www.iucn-isg.org Published bythe ISG Newsletter Cyclura USA yclura ricordii in the southwestern Dominican Re- p J. H lewisi cal R (Grand Cayman ) hatchlings. Herpetologi- Goodman, R.M. and F.J. Burton. 2005. 12(4): 222-233. of Rupp, E., S. Incháustegui, and Y. Arias. Conservation tion oftheAnegadaiguana.I tion Pagni, L. and D. Ballou. 2005. Value-added conserva- Zoo Yearbook 39:141-152. iguana Anegada endangered critically the of Reproduction S.W.J.M., Lemm, Steward, and T.F.2005. Schmidt. 8:269-278. AnimalConservation for conservation. habitat associations of a Bahamian iguana: implications Knapp, C.R. and A.K. Owens. 2005. Home range and Iguana 12(1):9-13. Knapp, C.R. 2005. Working to save the Andros iguana. ublic and a brief history of the Grupo Jaragua. Iguana Email: [email protected] Resources, PuertoRico Department ofNaturalandEnvironmental Miguel Garcia,DeputyChair Email: [email protected] Fort WorthZoo Richard Hudson,Co-Chair C erpetology 39(3):402-408. science: outreach activities that support conserva- eview 36(2):176. eview , in a disturbed setting on Grand Cayman. Cayman. Grand on setting disturbed a in , Allison Alberts Tandora Grant Editors: at . International guana 12(2):86-89. Cyclura lewisi TaxonUpdates ...... 2 I

awareness programsthathelp N The IguanaSpecialistGroup Fiji ...... 10 Anegada ...... 9 Bahamas ...... 7 Turks&Caicos ...... 6 Jamaica ...... 4 DominicanRepublic ...... 3 GrandCayman ...... 2 ISG contact information ISG contactinformation ...... 22 Recent Literature ...... 22 Digital PhotographyGuidelines ..16 General Reports ...... 14 BoobyCay ...... 13 CentralAmerica ...... 12 PuertoRico ...... 11 conservation, science, and conservation, science,and ensure the survival of wild ensure thesurvivalofwild iguanas andtheirhabitats. prioritizes andfacilitates

T HIS

I SSUE Iguana SpecialistGroup that wasenjoyed by all. deeply discounted rate, and warm welcome. It was meeting a wonderful truly food, gourmet accommodation, fabulous the for Taimoof Resort, Hartman, for the Andros Island iguana. Special thanks also belong to Mike and Petagay organization of a successful ISG meeting and Species Management Workshop Sandra Buckner, and the Bahamas National Trust for the extensive(Univ.Knapp Chuck to Florida/SheddAquarium),expressed were of planning Thanks and Welcome andIntroduction &Hudson -Alberts Tarren Wagener, JoeWasilewski, SandraBuckner, andChuckKnapp. Weissgold, MiguelGarcia, JanRamer, Fred Burton,Tandora Grant,Samantha Addinall, Wilson, Karen Graham,JohnIverson, Allison Alberts, CatherineStephen,Bruce Stesha Pasachnik,JoeBurgess, Quentin Bloxam,Ricardo Johnson, JeffLemm,Byron Left toRight:RickHudson,PeterTolson, KirstenHines,SteveConners,JohnBinns, 2005 ISGAnnualMeeting Volume 8•Number2Winter2005 South Andros, Bahamas ISG Meeting Minutes November 6-7,2005 Newsletter ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 2 i surpris- acres, 0.6 was females of areas usage Summer seven monthswasatleast91%. in the summer tracking period. Survival over the first ranges and foraging patterns which were characterized immediately post-release, the iguanas established home over May and Junemonths 2005. two After a period of further weight loss a for and 2005), 2004-January (December release after months two for volunteers tiv lightly impacted, and appear fully recovered. The cap- only were Iguana Blue are Cayman Grand the to habitat which communities shrubland xerophytic The fall. tree extensive despite canopy closed a regenerate areas. Spacing and overlap of the usage areas indicates acres each, with much more extensive overlap in usage males in the Salina Reserve occupied an average of 1.4 tracked by the program in summer 2005. The released in the QEII Botanic Park, and a single wild adult female Goodman, et al., for larger mature free-roaming females ning begin- scarcely and shattered forests Mangrove Black months after eight the storm show photographs the island’s Aerial once extensive environments. natural to T enhanced sincethehurricane. now fully restored and has been further expanded and is Park, Botanic QEII the in Iguanas, Blue Cayman tracked radio- were and 2005, December in released finally slated for release at the time the hurricane struck, were er Cayman causing catastrophic damage to human prop- 4-5 hurricane, tracked along the south coast of Grand category a Ivan, hurricane since months 14 now is It Trust(National fortheCayman Islands). Blue Iguana Recovery Program Update. Fred Burton GRAND CAYMAN -Burton ngly similar to summer usage areas determined by by determined areas usage summer to similar ngly wenty-three two year-old year-old two wenty-three ty and livelihoods, and delivering dramatic impacts dramatic delivering and livelihoods, and ty e breeding and head-starting facility for the Grand the for facility head-starting and breeding e Session 1:TaxonUpdates recovery, while the dry forests are beginning to beginning are forests dry the recovery,while with assistance from a team of international of team a from assistance with ylr lewisi Cyclura , originally originally , cember De- for scheduled is individuals, 70 of release, second single age class surrounded by unpopulated habitat. A a of setting unnatural this in hectare, per iguanas 4-5 of density population a maintain to chose iguanas the factur manu- a and funds secure to campaign IRCF month three- a of result the as USA the in flat-packed and and are expected to generate useful revenue for the first profits going to the program. Tours are now operational cruise passenger tours to the Blue Iguana facility with all Cruise lines and Celebrity Cruises to operate has been formed and has secured a contract with Royal non-profitcompany,custom A ToursNaturefor Ltd., tosecure tourincometotheprogram.will alsoserve to complete a security fence around the facility, which with IRCF, assistance funds are currently being sought facility.the at space cage up freesAgain December in release iguana next the until hatch 2005 the holding are cages lightweight These Central. Cayman Grand Grand Cayman by volunteers from the Rotary Club of in assembled subsequently were They hatch. August sentation repre- with individuals, 91 approx. to Reserve Salina the in population restored the bring will release This O forthe2006breeding season. to claimthisterritory was taken back into captivity to allow unrelated males male Park dominant The populations. free-roaming and captive the both in laid eggs 166 of total a from this unusual infertility, only 92 eggs were initially viable females, four of which were his siblings. As a result of five of territory a over taken a had male dominant where new Park, Botanic QEII the of sector southern in nests laid in the rate was observed A high infertility ers br to date is on target towards this goal. Three new found- each reaches its anticipated carrying capacity. Progress founder lines in each restored different subpopulation20 least at byby representation thereach to time goal a and is now informing the program’s releaseZoo/CRES), Diego strategy(San TandorawithGrant by standard high a to maintained be to continues studbook The soil zones. releases will require access to the Salina’s southernmost ne hundred new hatchling cages were prefabricated were cages hatchling new hundred ne ed incaptivityforthefirsttime2005. er capable of a customized design in time for the 2005, into the same areas currently occupied. currently areas same the into 2005, from ten different founder lines. Subsequent O Cuba -C.nubila (captive andwild)geneticanalysis. captive facility pen space. Comprehensive population Increase plan. recovery publish to Funding facility. Initiation of hatchling study. Security fence screening. for health captive Pre-release Salina. in headstarts of (M. Breuil andR.Powell). Comprehensive of alltheislands statussurvey Antigua. on reestablishment for potential the Assess Iguana delicatissima M C. rileyicristata m Educational material: funding for development, imple- Land Grand Cayman-C.lewisi Annual monitoring.R Booby Cay-C.carinata monitoring. Replace signs. populations. Assessment of feral . Long-term source Identify translocations. unauthorized Survey Allen’s Cay-C.cychlura inornata potential tourismimpactwitheducation/awareness. Pasturethe Cay.Addressto Leaf from translocations Additional Cay. Pasture of monitoring Continued Exuma Cays evaluation. Publish recovery plans. in designating protected areas. Full-time educator and Public education initiative. Government involvement Andros -C.cychlura cychlura subgroup toaddress tourismissue(S.Buckner). behavior,Formation(health, impacts of etc.). tourist conservation (No Feeding message, etc.) and evaluating schools. Tourism: standardized signs for habitat/species M C. rileyi B genetic studies. ahamian Iguanas btain Cuban blood samples throughout island for island throughout samples blood Cuban btain entation, and distribution for general public and and public general for distribution and entation, onitor Hollywood filmingimpactson White Cay. onitor 2004translocationfrom Green toCut Cay. purchase fund-raising. Release and monitoring and Release fund-raising. purchase emove goats. l lombia) America (entire region particularly Venezuela and Co- Phylogenetic analysis of the species. Sampling in South Iguana iguana Priorities unknown. Galapagos Consult withHarlow on2006priorities. Fiji - Survey forhabitatsuitability. Navassa Island Status andphylogeneticanalysis. survey Sauromalus Establish geographicandtaxonomic boundaries. defensor nos forev ($100,000+++). Visit offshore cays and Cayos Cochi- land of Purchase captives. hybrids of for diversity evaluate and population wild and captive Evaluate Resolution ofspeciesissues. Ctenosaura hemilopha boundaries. Status ofthelocalendemics. surveys Check Central America-Ctenosaura Remote videocameras.Ongoing educationefforts. St. Lucia -Iguana iguana Bay Islands, andothers). ogenetic analysis of the to determine species species determine to genus the of analysis ogenetic The ISG annual meeting is planned for for planned is N meeting annual ISG The meeting. IIF annual the with conjunction in held be the event andwillsoonprovide finaldates. ovember 2006 on Puerto Rico and will will and Rico Puerto on 2006 ovember Simon Stuart’sSimon Phy- assessment. global and Lesser Antilles (Grenadines,St.Vincent,Antilles Lesser and aluate potentialfortranslocation. Joint ISGandIIFMeeting 2006 Miguel Garcia will be coordinating

21 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 Winter • 8(2) Newsletter ISG 20 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 factur CD-R. manu- to The applies section this of rest The term backupsorarchives ofvaluable data. general, CD-RW media aren’t recommended for long- r Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the siv detect bad discs, and discusses whether putting an adhe- jhtml?articleID=15800263&pgno=1 describes how to http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle. on http://www.langa.com) (of interesting Langa Fred An by article others. than better are discs Some despite careful storage. weeks, six mere a in deteriorated CD-Rs inexpensive very that reported user One today. drive CD-ROM little over 100 years is useless if it can’t be read in your very degrades that disc a situation: the on perspective little a Tryuseless. keep are to anecdotes such stored but without knowing how the discs were handled and of discs becoming unreadable in as little as three years, “probably”). on (emphasis Some do newsgroup you reports than have longer complainedlive probably will they and place, dry dark, cool, a in them Keep you. thing your fingernail, a ballpoint pen, a paper clip, and any- with side) (label top the scratch to try and anymore, don’tyouFind CD-R a surface. top the scratch want to is unusable CD-R a make to way care.easiest The greater with treated be should and CDs, pressed than CD-Rs are far less tolerant of environmental conditions E world aging. real- to analogue meaningful a provide not may they but done, been have viability.tests lifetime aging Accelerated for discs test to way no is agreed-upon There standard years. 10 and 5 between at estimated written. The shelf-life of an unrecorded disc has been been has disc “platinum”the in once used discs) dye, (“advanced”yearsphthalocyanine 200 even or discs), “gold”in used dye, (phthalocyanine years 100 discs), chivists Ar- and Librarians for Guide A - DVDs and CDs of An interesting document entitled “Care and Handling green discs?” on http://www.mscience.com/faq53.html.than longevity better have discs CD-R gold “Do See ect sunlight will greatly reduce the lifetime. In general, xposing the disc to excessive heat, humidity, or to di- e label on the disc causes them to fail more quickly. ers claim 75 years (cyanine dye, used in “green”in used dye, (cyanine years 75 claim ers else you have handy. The results may surprise may results The handy. have you else ” can be found on the websites for the National dlingG gov/div895/carefordisc/CDandDVDCareandhan- View it on the web as a PDF from http://www.itl.nist. tions forextendingthelifespanofy disc composition and longevity, as well as recommenda- Bay. tion. collec- hatchling and identification Nest program. I Anegada -C.pinguis in any order). listed (not project each for priorities funding of list following the compile to brainstormed ISG The IIF Funding Priorities R Land Little Cayman-C.nubilacaymanensis forpopulationestimates. surveys P Mona stejnegeri -C.cornuta battery. Radiotransmitters. Vehicle. v J plan. Publishshore. south recoverythe on worker field for Salary Pedernales. in continued and shore south on based on the surveys. work Capacity ground building and subsequent education and Cabritos, Pedernales, , Lago of shore south of Helicoptersurveys -C.ricordi organization. Publish recovery plan. additional founders of from Big Ambergris. Rescue Formation of nonprofit populations. translocated of Turks andCaicos-C.carinata materials. Publish recovery plan. amaica -C.collei mplement Island Conservation predator control control predator Conservation Island mplement ation recommendations. Continued monitoring monitoring Continued recommendations. ation er diem for volunteers. Facilitator volunteers. for diem PHVA.er for Field ick Van Veen’s salary. Transportation fuel. Deep cycle eradication. Implementation of Island Conser- Island of Implementation eradication. 2005 headstart release monitoring. Education monitoring. release headstart 2005 acquisition of communal nesting site at Preston uide.pdf.It wealtha has about information of our media. v Achievements course. wereits nowre-has run 2005) ing breed- captive successful the in environment dietary and climatic, physical, the characterize to project a in T for guestsatmajorhotels. bookings on-island for cater to expanded being also Toursare season. tourist winter coming the in time teer volun- Notable greatly. expanded has Volunteerism but isnow targetedtoexpand. insignificant, relatively been has tours) and products (retail activity commercial from Income ($45,000). Foundation Iguana International the and ($73,000), Foundation Conservation Reptile International the ($89,000), Trust Conservation Wildlife Durrell the through channeled and raised were financing project of sources Islands.leading OtherCayman the within ity of doing business in the Cayman Islands. The major- of work achieved, and the often unavoidably high cost ing been raised and substantially expended in implement- gram Pro- Recovery Iguana Blue the while 2002-5, period have been met and in some cases surpassed. Over the development) resource and awareness, and education breeding, captive restocking, (population plan the in goals were substantially not met, but area that protected all the other shows goals plan 2001-5 the of Review The workshop wasfacilitatedby Simon Hicks. ser Visiting participants came from Durrell Wildlife Con- and the Cayman Islands Department of Environment. BIRP’s staff, the National Trust for the Cayman Islands, in September 2005. Local participants represented the Cayman Grand on Resort Caymanian Grand the by The ex-situ populationgoalsforthisspecies. success, which is currently one constraint on achieving ex-situ guide to intended are Results date. to successful less been has breeding captive where Zoos, Indianapolis Texas)and (Brownsville, Porter Gladys at enclosures iewed and a new plan developed in a workshop hosted he program is collaborating with the Fort Worth Zoo vation Trust, San Diego Zoo, ISG?IIF, and IRCF.ISG?IIF,and Zoo, Diego Trust,Sanvation ($186,000) was contributed by corporate donors corporate by contributed was ($186,000) facility on Grand Cayman, and to compare this to this plan. This reflects both the ambitious scope ambitious the both reflects This plan. this resources have been recruited internationally via internationally recruited been have resources first Species Recovery Plan for Plan Recovery Species first has been fully operational, $462,619 (US) has (US) $462,619 operational, fully been has captive managers to hopefully improve breeding (2001- lewisi C. life This work is funded by grants from US Fish and Wild- classroom. grade 3rd the toward directed curriculum iguana Ricord’s a develop to together working been have Zoo Indianapolis Republic! and Zoodom, Jaragua, Grupo Dominican the in year busy a was 2005 Education ishelpingfund theseworkshops! implemented this fall. The Dominican Department of be will curriculum the and spring this habitat iguana Ricord’sto closest towns the in and Domingo, Santo in held be will Teacherworkshops classroom. every for poster a and questions, iguana with board game a to incubate eggs and take sand temperatures. There is let book- a includes curriculum Fund. EndowmentThe Conservation AZA’s and program, Caribbean and mometer will fill with sand. There are plastic eggs, cactus, ther- students that bin plastic a of consist resourcethat kits are There etc. maps, words, vocabulary habitat, and J Ricord’s Iguana 2005Update. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC-Ramer ticipants par- overseas other from contributions consistent as equivalent services to additional program staff, as well free extensive provide to continues IRCF Wardens. salaried two and Director volunteer a staff: time full three has now program The volunteers. long-term IRCF, and locally through service clubs and individual this species. save to essential be will resourceswhich technical and human financial, the build further to and activities, m 300-500 acres of xerophytic shrubland on Grand Cay- for calls 2006-2010 Plan Recovery Species new The the cashcostofwork achieved. on savings massive a been has effect cumulative The tiv for release, to safeguard the species via and to breed and rear sufficient genetically optimal iguanas at least 1,000 Blue Iguanas. Plans have been extended an Ramer(Indianapolis Zoo). an to be protected to support a restored population of e population, to continue education and awarenessand education continue to population, e with natural history information about the species the about information history natural with Service - Service Wildlife WithoutBorders America Latin , light bulb,light , pretendcan students that so etc. who made commitments in the 2001-5 SRP.

ex-situ cap- ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 Winter • 8(2) Newsletter ISG 3 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 4 E good health. in be to found and examined also were pair breeding there with a group of Indianapolis Zoo members. The tags andphysicalexamsinApril whenJan Ramerwas PIT received 2004 from hatchlings ten the and very well, doing all are 2002 in meeting ISG the during Zoodom’sRicord’shatched four that juveniles iguana tained ob- recently was (US) $20,000 for grant A Funding- West Indies). t program, and also in developing ecotourism opportuni- on local education and involvement in the conservation of hatchlings hundreds last over year! noting Grupo Jaragua habitat, has Pedernales worked the tirelessly in ment to conduct workshops for biology students and Depart- analysis in all three known Ricord’s iguana habitat and habitat and population continue Fishto Wildlifeand Conservation Trust recently submitted a proposal to US Indianapolis Zoo, Grupo Jaragua, and Durrell Wildlife to bulldoze aprimeRicord’s habitattobuildhouses. planning was senators local the of one that learned he survey work on the south shore of Lago Enriquillo when from the International Iguana Foundation to conduct Indies, Mona. Byron Wilson (BSW) from to the University of the awarded West grant Initiative New a from funds with Miami Metrozoo. Two new GPS the units were and purchased International, Conservation Society, Iguana the International Iguana Foundation, the Internationalfrom obtained were year past to the over work funds support Additional IIF). the through (submitted B Update. 2005 Project, Recovery Iguana Jamaican JAMAICA - Wilson continue through 2007. ies in the area. Ernst received emergency funds last fall rnst Rupp, of Grupo Jaragua, has been working hard yron Wilson and Rick Vanand yron Wilson Veenthe (Universityof of Wildlife technicians. If funded, this work will from the Disney Wildlife Conservation Trust Conservation Wildlife Disney the from r Worth Zoo we released 15 headstarted e through the participation of other researchers and inter- Hellshirethe protectionof encourage Hills ecosystem to continued We- Activities Outreach and Research H traps ortrappedspecimens. with tampering predators of influence confounding the remove to assessments, trapping pitfall of period nest watches, as they did during the 2004 nesting sea- with assisted Wicker Stephanie and Fleuchaus Dawn “Lower”). and “Upper” (i.e., sites nesting communal A total of 14 nests were recorded from the two known June. 20 on deposited was nest last the May,and 24 2005 Nesting Season - The first nest was deposited on able into its ninth year. The 2005 results were not remark- s ecology). We also recently hosted an overnight excur- UWI courses (two in conservation biology, one in forestdifferent three for trips field camping coordinated we addition, In Rollings. Dr.Karl and Cooper William Dr.included visitors notable Bay.Other Manatee of been conducting research on the beach profile dynamics Geology,Dr.and (Geographyhas MillerDave UWI) will involve sea turtle work along the Hellshire coast andjust begun a postgraduate programme (with BSW) that Ms. Tamia has HarkerUWI). from Okoro Chinedu student postgraduate and Robinson Ralph Professor (with pigs wild of parasites intestinal the on focusing ated headstar the release, which brought the total number of repatri- Three UWI undergraduate students also participated in tors preda- mammalian other and of trapping spurred by high levels of rainfall. In addition, removal productivity of levels high from resulting abundance fauna in increases anticipated to due year interesting r examining the impact of control on the ter- experiment, field This - TrappingExperimentPitfall the Hellshire Hills aspossible. conserving in interested involvedand people many as Jamaica,” on CVM-TV. In short, we are to trying get with a children’s show for local television, “Hello World ion for the Jamaican Geographical Society, and assisted estrial herpetofauna of the Hellshire Hills, proceeded uary, 2005, into the core iguana conservation zone. conservation iguana core the into 2005, uary, sted parties. In the past year we initiated a new project eadstart and Release - In conjunction with the Fortthe with conjunction In - Release and eadstart from control plots will be conducted during the during conducted be will plots control from in terms of faunal abundance. 2006 should be an ters to75. C. collei in Feb- N before taking theplunge. year a least at wait usually I enhancements. are frequently full of bugs and in need of fundamental always be of wary new software releases – new releases wise: the to word A Windows.for available be will it beta test version works on the Mac platform, but soon to spend less time sorting and organizing images.” Its showcase large volumes of digital images. It allows you and develop select, import, to way powerful efficient, under the name “Lightroom.” Adobe says it will be “an capabilities of the Bridge feature in CS2, to be marketed Adobe is also developing new software that expands the pricey and still in its infancy, it is one to keep an eye on. program called “Aperture” has been released. Though editing/managing image digital new a users, ForMac http://www.pixvue.com/. reviews: great received has and Photoshop, with is friendly,integrated extremely is It software. management image PixVue free the download users: Windows for only option, Another abbreviate anything! Don’t taken. was picture the where locality the and in the photo, any special behavior or attribute shown, and full scientific names for animals or plants featured The Orange Book standard was written based on on based written was standard Book Orange The will notwork inolderdrives. and CD-RW”Speedlogo, “UltraCD-RW” Speed or (for 1x-4x). The faster blanks are labeled with a “high “high speed” blanks (for 4x-10x) and “standard” blanks (for 32x recording), “ultra speed” blanks (for 8x-24x), rated for. on top of that, there are “ultra speed+” blanks drives refuse to record at speeds higher than the disc is Many CD-R. CD-RWthan for important more are considerations Speed speed. write recorder’sdesired to start by selecting a medium that is certified for your not the entire visible spectrum. It’s probably a they good only idea have to reflect light in the 780nm wavelength, more translucent than others, but that doesn’t matter: is better than “light green” are absurd. Some discs are “darkgreen”that effect the to Statements it. try and *your* recorder, write a disc, then put it in *your* just readerby looking at it; the only way to know is to put it in work Youwill recorders.disc can’t all a well how tell medium should I use? There is no “best” medium for of kind Which paragraphs. following the in excerpts included have and 2003) (July Photographers Media of Society American the from memo important an ot all CD-Rs are Created Equal - I recently received it alone). Repeated rewrites will accelerate this. In this. accelerate will rewrites Repeated alone). it leave then and once it write you (i.e. conditions ideal under years 25 about last to expected are CD-RWs better. CD-R 700 and Melody 80 Platinum discs fared much dia.) me- manufactures longer no (Kodak disks. their of most for manufacturers these use Fuji and Yamaha, PioneerIt Ricoh. and HP,that appears Philips, Sony, Sometimes TaiyoKodak,TDK. and Yuden,Mitsui, recommended: often most Brands brand-conscious. t cracking after a couple of months in an otherwise shel- began discs 74CN CDQ Sony on layer data the that discs that stand up to the weather. One user reported In humid tropical climates, care must be taken to find the samelevel ofquality. plants in different countries, and don’t always maintain may also be significant. Some manufacturers maintain manufacture of country The Inc. MAM-A, form to Chemicals by Computer Support Italcard (CSI)Mitsui offrom Italypurchased was Media Advanced Mitsui 2003 June in example, For change. names company Sometimes quality. lower much of being as seen are Verbatimbut ValuLifegood, pretty as recognized are Verbatimdiscs example, DataLifePlusFor same company. the from others than better be will reseller or line particular of discs from a manufacturerparticular a Sometimes brands. these of one are CD-Rs bulk “no-name” Many Magnetics. CMC Fornet, Data, Lead Gigastorage, Princo, Hotan, Ritek, Memorex, m recom- are brands Y.however,some recorder in best There is no guarantee that brand X will be the absolute http://www.mscience.com/faq52.html. at ones?” blue or gold than better discs CD-R green “Areparticular, In http://www.mscience.com/.from available is information technical good Some discs. will work better in higher speed recording than cyanine cyanine-based Manufacturers phthalo- adverseconditions. of under longer last would they that suggesting radiation, UV and sunlight to sensitive less is phthalocyanine hand, ing power variations than “gold” phthalocyanine dye, mak- read/write marginal of forgiving more is dyeCyanine Taiyofrom Yuden.discs “green” cyanine original the ered environment (e.g. no direct sunlight). Mitsubishi ended more often than others. It does pay to be be to pay does It others. than often more ended them easier to read on some drives. On the other Ondrives.the read some to on easier them Brands that are often trashed: Maxell, Verbatim, media claim it has a longer lifespan and

19 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 Winter • 8(2) Newsletter ISG 18 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 dar take. The graph resembles a mountain range. A stan- graph (a histogram) of tones with each picture that you Exposure - Digital cameras of merit all provide a small distracting thanfilmgrain. more aesthetically is but increases, index ISO the as increases pixels) discolored as (expressed noise digital grain, film Like pinch. a in through you get can 400 of 100; in the newer cameras 200 often works well and ISO/ASA multi_page.asp?cid=6007 in efficiently your camera, most visit http://www.robgalbraith.com/bins/ work will cards CF which find To others. than reliable more are brands some and do models, camera different in well media equally perform not Recording - Camera your for Cards CF your camerabodywhenpackingyour gear. film cameras. Accordingly, always remove the in lenswas it than critical morefrom even is plane imaging the on focus sharp cameras, digital in and pictures; poor Keep in mind that an optically poor lens will produce weeks afterpurchase. will allow you to return equipment within the first two Mostretailers it. get you as soon as carefully lens the of lensesthatinterest you, andafteryou buyone,test brands. Use the internet toname findmajor the comprehensivewith as reviewsreliable as not are standards quality-control quality,manufacturing optical and of others are poor. These companies offer different grades excellent,are SOME careful. be but lenses, Sigma or If your budget is really tight, consider buying Tamron them extremely lightweight. and more sensitive to rough handling, but plastic plastic is makeshousing The excellent. are both lenses, “L” and watchhow thehistogramchanges. pictures, more shoot settings, your Vary center. the moveto needed as towardsleft or right histogram the camera on Manual and adjust the exposure up or down use the camera’s Exposure Compensation Dial or set the lost detail in the highlights. To correct a bad exposure, from the far right end of the horizontal axis, you have abruptly rises curve the If shadows. the in detail no c see a clipped histogram curve jammed against the verti- brightness values of pixels throughout the image. If you al axis, you have underexposed the shot and can expect d, bell-shaped curve indicates a nice even spread of Index - As a general rule, shoot with an ISO aged Organizing Storing your Images - In time, an unman- when shooting,notthelensaperture. speed shutter the bracket images, more or two match shadows. TIP: and Tohighlights both in successfully detail show to Photoshop in combined easily be later can tripod a from shot brightness varying of images the full range of light seen by the human eye. Multiple deep shadows) it’s wise to bracket the exposure to cover caption info includes the name of the subject, common with your RAW files so that they stay together. number. Essential Your spreadsheet can then be burned to a CD sheet spread- Excel an up set to is solutions best the of one don’tyou If Photoshop, have difficulties. to lead can each camera manufacturer. This lack of to standardizationunique and proprietary are RAWformats Camera for Web option). Save the choose you (unless entered you information caption the contain will master this from make you version, CS2, this should all go smoothly, and any copy IfDescription youPhotoshop’sthe field. use in latest information caption basic and field Copyright the in FileFile> Info enter,and yourleast, name very the at your caption information to the picture file by going to work in the Adobe 1998 color space. Then ATTACH When opening images in Photoshop, always choose to master.your as serve then will which file, TIFF > As open your RAW file in Photoshop and bit, golittle a to even FilePhotoshop, use > can Saveyou If best. the little of interest, or are inferior duplicates) and keep only away your junk images (those that are out of focus, yourselfshow and others. After every trip, begin by throwing I can they double asahikingstick. and them, by swear people some camera, your stabilize also can monopod A poor. is light the when setting ISO higher a or shadows, fill and action freeze to flash a stabilizers, image built-in with lenses using try one, carry it’sto find impractical or around tripod a lug you’dnot if rather But becomes. tripod a important more the field), of depth greater a give smaller the lens aperture (i.e. bigger f-numbers, which the and light the dimmer The enlarged. when fuzzy looking up end will images important many camera, good technique stay the same. If you hand-hold your Tripods - Whether you shoot digital or film, the rules of n harsh lighting situations (with bright highlights and picture library will soon become almost useless to with your captions identified by a unique image i is arguably the only conservation activity that is improv- However, continuous removal of mammalian predators by the transport of equipment and traps to remote sites. location, not to mention the logistical obstacles posed the difficulty of accessing the remote interior Hellshire programme remains a major effort, owing primarily to persal dis- natal post enhance would expansion an such that trapping loop. Recent radio-telemetry results indicate trapping grid to include a loop trail outside the existing this a reality. We would also like to expand making our to presentconducive not is Jamaica in situation gun illegal) (and legal the but list, wish our of top the at is silencer.equipment a of and piece spotlight This a solution is to obtain a small caliber rifle outfitted with only the species, wildlife native to risk a pose would poisons and traps leg-hold Because methods. current clearly some individuals are simply not trappable by our continues to be the difficult nature of cat control. It is 0 and , dogs. ~50 The main problem with our anti-invasive effort pigs, ~25+ mongoose, ~85 , 7 additional snares. Catch totals for the of period include: deployment the through efforts control dog and operated continuously, we also expanded our wild pig In addition to the 55-60 small mammal traps that are species. wildlife threatened other and iguanas young continue to make the core iguana area a safer place for efforts control Predator - Control Predator Invasive donations oftoolsandothercamptoys. company,and good work, hard their for all them to indebted Weare completion. near to through effort reconstruction the saw and labor hard of days several in put tradesmen, professional Larry,both and Brian Wicker and Larry and Dawn Fleuchaus. In particular, 2005 withmajorassistancefrom Brian andStephanie and salvaged materials, South Camp was re-built in JuneHurricane Ivan in September 2004. Using discounted (“SouthCamp”)station during severelydamaged was research primary Our - Reconstruction Camp South previous year(s) wasalsonoted. from nesting of evidence additional season; 2005 the fragments indicating that seven hatchlings emerged in ing nest- new One pigs. wild byareaswere disturbed the areas identified in 2004, but abandoned the effort after son. Iguanas attempted to nest at the two new nesting ng conditions for wild iguanas in Hellshire. We thank area was discovered in a rock hole, with egg shell egg with hole, rock a in discovered was area in (see below). The current trapping current The below). (see collei C. activities andbegintherestoration project. raising fund initiate can we so (UWI), Sciences Life Conservation Trustof Department the (DWCT)and Wildlife Durrell the with MOU an of signing the in result should that UDC with discussions in presently Hills (the organization also owns those areas). We are of the Goat Islands, as well as for most of the Hellshire finally been delegated management authority for both that the Urban Development Corporation (UDC) has appears however,Recentlyauthority.it management of delegation the concerns programme rehabilitation Islands Goat a to impediment critical the always, As concern. great of is Island Goat Great on operation charcoal organized rumored a but intact, relatively looks still habitat The 2005. in Islands Goat the to made were trips reconnaissance Two - Islands Goat early December 2005. in conclude will study the on-going, Still obtained. dispersal (Epicrates subflavus). Detailed data on dispersal, post- boa Jamaican young a of stomach the to tracked was ter transmit- a on predation mongoose of observation out of the predator-controlled area disperse are that doomed. hatchlings Direct that indicate data mortality of analysis Preliminary noted. also was predation cat were greater. distances High mortality attributable to mongoose and dispersal though 2004, in observed patterns and hide site selection were similar to patterns immediately; hence, data were collected for 35 almost individuals. Activity harnesses their of out slipped six which of transmitters, radio with outfitted were Radio-Telemetry of Hatchlings - Forty-one hatchlings released. study (see below), and the remainder were marked and radio-telemetry a in participated 41 headstarting, for 2004. Twenty hatchlings were taken to the Hope Zoo mass of hatchlings in 2005 and was notably greater SVL than in average the conditions, incubation wetter to attributable probably Interestingly,and 2004). as many as times recorded(2.5 hatchlings season the for was extraordinarily successful, with a season minimum of hatching 157 2005 The - Season Hatching 2005 especially Marlon Osborne andEdwin Duffus. efforts, their for team trapping the of members other ed hatchling was also observed and one hatchling one and observed also was hatchling ed

settling, and subsequent behavior were also were behavior subsequent and settling, ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 Winter • 8(2) Newsletter ISG 5 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 6 • 2006?) (Summer programme recovery species of Revision • habitat assessmentofHellshire • New GIS-based postgraduate student to undertake • Initiation ofgeneticstudyiguana (DWCT) • Formalization of Goat Island restoration agreements • Fund raising… • A • ConsolidationofC.colleidataset iguana populations Hellshire “eastern” and “western” of Assessment • • BiologicaloftheGoat Islands surveys iguanas ofpost-partum • Radiotelemetry andrelease,headstart monitoringiguanapopulation) • Continue existing initiatives (e.g., predator control, 2006 Objectives translocation cays from 6 – 7 years to 1.5 – 2.5 years. the on maturity at age in reduction a represents this (Iverson 1979). Compared to the source populations, tiv produced on the cays were determined to be reproduc- juveniles of cohort first the from 2005 April/May in of Translocationspopulations - established recently The and Allison Alberts (Zoological Society of San Diego). ar (January 2002 for French, Bay, and Middle Cays; Janu- on all translocation cays each year since establishment occurred has reproduction Successful Water. Little and Ambergris Big cays, source the for documented those than larger now are cays translocation the all and survivorship growth rates. Average adult sizes on adult excellent exhibited have populations these of yclura carinata on French, Six Hills East, Bay,Middle Cays wereand last visited in April/May 2005. All Turks and Caicos iguana, TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS - Hudson (for Gerber) Iguana project facility - Port Royal Marine Laboratory y 2003 for Six Hills East Cay). All animals captured ely mature, based on published size at maturity data C dvocacy formanagementcapacity(UDC) 2005 Update. Glenn Gerber walk staff. No sign of cats were seen TCNTat the southern of board- shortage a to due reinstated been yet not program was suspended in the spring of 2005 and has this but end southern island’s the from cats three of initiated last year resulting in the capture and removal was program trapping cat small-scale A population. are still the major concern for this otherwise protected 2000, in Cays WaterPineto and cay this connecting Little Water Cay - Cats, which first crossed the sandbar made withregard toiguanasorotherwildlife. of all kinds is in daily use and no visible effort is being based colleagues are extremely grim. Heavy machinery by TCI-Ambergris Big from reports recent and visit, last our during 2005, April in underway already was habitats native to Irreparabledamage Club.Sporting Caicos and Turks the of establishment in resulting developers outside with partnerships new to due year Ambergris Cay have increased dramatically in the past Big on activities Development - Cay Ambergris Big expected todecrease aspopulationdensitiesincrease. the dense source populations. Growth trajectories are to relative cays these on competition intraspecific of than on the source cays and are diversity attributed to low plant levels lower significantly despite occurring arecays translocation the Acceleratedon growthrates ciety So- Zoological - FoundationThe Wildlife Caribbean fence forfree. the install to offered Johnston’shas Cays. Pine and Waterfrom Water Cay Little isolate and sandbar the to the TCI iguana project for the past five years, and years, five past the for project iguana TCIthe to tion conservation organization in the TCI through the dona- duce Johnston’spro- to underway are efforts International, at engineers with collaboration In eradications. and cat full-scale for necessary preparations the begin and situation the assess to 2006 March in Cays Pine Water,Little to Conservation Island from Water, and ally gradu- is juveniles) notably (most population this on impact their and May in site study boardwalk north the at evidence in still were Cats case. the still is this recent reports from Bryan Manco of the TCNT suggest becoming evident. Glenn will accompany a team of boats and equipment that have been dedicated study site in May 2005, during my last visit, and of San Diego is helping to establish a non-profit a establish to helping SanDiegois of and price a fence design that will stretch across stretch will that design fence a price and mined thattheminimumfilesiz deter- has (IRCF) Binns John US$1,000. under for many fine 8+ megapixel cameras are now on the market • to lookfor: in-depth technical reviews and comparisons. Features your price range. Visit: http://www.dpreview. com for afford, but first check out the merits of each model in digital cameras at with reasonable prices. flooded Buy the best now one you is can market The - Cameras shooting more thanfamilysnapshotsoughttoknow. anyone that below,things basics the of some outline meet certain minimal requirements. I’ve attempted to is saved. image the time each quality loses format compressed trade-off: JPEG images are technically inferior, and this images on a data storage card, but not without a huge JPEG more many cram to able be Yes,will you do). (many simultaneously JPEGRAW plus shoot to you only 256 levels of tonality), unless your camera allows with file 8-bit (an format JPEG in shoot Never 3) • its end-useandsize andapplythistothemasterfile. properly sharpen a picture, publishers must first know inherently soft in focus and require sharpening; but to each project that comes along. ALL digital images are work with them in Photoshop to get optimal results for unadjusted RAW (or master TIFF) files, unsharpened, so that your we can need we archive, our For CDs). about below note (see place safe a in images “keeper” the COPY if you like. But store the RAW files of your process/enhance/resize then and it Copy tonality. of master.levels >64,000 with file 16-bit to 12 a is This your as file RAW the save always and format, RAW • 2) Be sure your camera allows you to shoot in Camera journal IGUANA requires greater than7megapixels. the of cover the on printed successfully be to image 1) A body offering a 6 megapixel capture or greater; e foran8”x10”color ing, consider- are you one or camera, present your If 5) • worldwide web). the on use safe for intended colors/tones of number restricted greatly a with space color a sRGB(sRGBis color space. Choose the Adobe 1998 color space, not be should options settings camera your of One 4) • chased without a tripod! Although not Canon’s top-of-the-line Their built-in image stabilizers produce sharp pictures 5.6 Do IS Image Stabilizer USM lens (about $1,100). a and 14”) to focuses Telephotof/4.5- 70-300mm EF f/4-5.6 IS Image Stabilizer USM Lens (about $600 and options. Canon, for example, offers an EF-S 17-85mm want two zoom lenses that will give you a might wide yourange of considerations, important are weight and Choose your lenses carefully. For fieldwork, where size BhPhotoVideo.com http://www.reliable ol’ and http://www.buydig.com w light- It’sa XT). Rebel (Digital 350D EOS Canon I’dUS$1,000, new under the for recommend camera Nikon to Canon. If you are shopping for a new digital from switched recently I reason, this For enormous. is budget R&D Their there. stay probably will and market, SLR digital pro the of 75% hold now they Canon leads the pack in the digital photography world, for telephoto &close-upphotography. better much certainly lens, the through picture lens reflex) designs allow you to see and compose your that accepts interchangeable lenses. These SLR (single body camera a buying consider should You- Lenses people don’t bother. most but obvious, Sounds camera. your with comes that manual instruction the study And model. better eight, compact 8.0 megapixel SLR that can be pur- be can that SLR megapixel 8.0 compact eight, doesn’t offer the options listed above, look for a for look above, listed options the doesn’toffer for about US$700 (body only) from places like

17 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 Winter • 8(2) Newsletter ISG 16 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 The Tandora Grant (San DiegoZoo, CRES) Cyclura Studbook C Cyclura nubilanubila:7.7(14)in4institutions Cyclura cychlura Zoo figginsi:1.5(6)attheLA Cyclura 27.23.21(71)in20zoos cornuta: cornuta The current livingpopulationis(M.F.Unk): that have lived in US zoos and some non-zoo facilities. of 2005toencompassthenextfive years. 2000-05 Species Recovery Plan was revised at the end 47.46.1 (94) iguanas, representing ten founders. The niles juve- of release second A park. the into released and There are now 26.33.2 animals that have been tagged 2005. in collected 37 with continued Park Botanic ers. found- potential 2.3 and founders 8.7 to number the facility,increasing Cayman Grand the at successfully bred founders new three 2005, In founders. twelve Cyclura collei Fall 2004,and24inFall 2005. on Anegada. 24 were released in October 2003, 24 in approximately 80 animals living in the headstart facility of 1.2 founders and 2.1 potential founders. There are and Conservation Center. The US population consists soon house 2.2 of these in their new Outreach FortWorthZoo. Houston the will recentlyZoo and Cyclura pinguis: 9.9 (18) at San Diego, Miami Metro, Republic) (Dominican ZooDom at (17) 9.7.1 ricordi: Cyclura ity 18.18.160 (196) at the Grand Cayman breeding facil lewisi: Cyclura facility.hatched intheheadstart captive- were four additional an but hurricane, 2004 the to due deaths six were There 2005. from 18 and 2004 from hatchlings 19 including Kingston, in Zoo 224 iguanas have had some headstart time at the Hope Approximately eggs. infertile lay to continue females yclura nubilacaymanensis:1.0attheAtlanta Zoo . The US population is currently represented by represented currently is population US The . Headstarting of juveniles from nests in the QEII the in nests fromjuveniles Headstartingof Cyclura in 2005 in the Salina Reserve brought the total to : 7.11 (18) are living in six institutions and studbook contains a record of all animals 16.13 (29) in ten US institutions, institutions, US ten in (29) 16.13 - e so many demands on our time today, even policy-mak- Like it or not, we are now living in a visual world. With Thomas Wiewandt (Wild Horizons) ponents animal management programs and are suggested com- captive to additions helpful are manuals Husbandry Jeff Lemm(San DiegoZoo, CRES) Digital Photography Guidelines for ISG Biologists ISG for Guidelines Photography Digital will beavailable inmid-2006. document the Hopefully Garcia. Miguel by Spanish to translated and group the of members by edited then be will manual finished The 2006. February, in delivered be should and finished nearly are sections from the Fort Worth Zoo. Recent emails indicate the are still waiting for the nutrition and medical sections iguanas have been finished for more than two years. We husbandry, breeding and nesting, and Lesser Antillean is still delayed. The sections on handling, quarantine, with the animals in captivity.working institutions Publicationas well of as the iguanas, manualIndian West magazines, journals, posters, and special exhibits must books, in publication for required files picture digital The support. your need We archive. our to images digital useful(!) contributing by efforts fund-raising You can help the ISG and the IIF with educational and this equipmenteffectively. use and choose knowledgeto the lack yet field, the in at-large. Many of us now own and carry digital cameras with colleagues, educators, politicians, and the public- discoveries and experiences sharing for opportunities opportunities....priceless photographic unique have, to continue will and had have we biologists, field As research andeducation. conservation for money donate to visitor a entice or tion atten- grab can They communication. effective and quick for element essential an become have Pictures public. at the ISG meeting in 2002, held in the Dominican Re- West Indian Iguana Husbandry Manual was conceived Husbandry Manual for West Indian Iguanas rs are less willing to read a well-crafted argument. argument. well-crafted a read to willing less are rs and entice a reader to spend time with the text, the with time spend to reader a entice and Surveys were sent to researchers working with to IUCN SSC Species Survival Plans. The Plans. Survival Species SSC IUCN to dation As a non-profit based in a Caribbean country, the foun-restrictions. geographic or taxonomic these to bound be not will organization the the TCI, and iguanas on be undoubtedly will focus initial the of much While outside funding through grants, securing donations, and other sources. on depend will Operation 2006. mid by functional be should Foundation”) Wildlife The new non-profit (tentatively called the “Caribbean incorporation. with associated fees legal covering by Charles Knapp (John G. Shedd Aquarium and and Aquarium Shedd U G. (John Knapp Charles for UpdateResearch 2005 BAHAMAS-Knapp EXUMA ISLANDS, closed toUSorUKbasednon-profits. nally par biased propagule is suspected as the reason for the ap- male- a of translocation unintended The juveniles. documented growthextraordinary rates in recaptured We juveniles. and hatchlings have of presence the by lack of adults is a strong concern but mitigated slightly The missing. remain others The alive. six and dead confirmed been have 2005) in one and 2003 in (two iguanas Three 2002. in originally translocated were on the growth of iguana populations. Sixteen iguanas rats of impacts potential the investigate to used being Pasture Cay is inhabited by rats and this population is days but only six adult iguanas were seen or captured. past ISG reports for historic details) was visited for 1.5 translocated The Aquarium. Shedd the by 2005 May in briefly monitored were Exumas the in populations Iguana of Cay were not seen, however, we documented the larvae recaptures). The goats reported previously on Gaulin (18 captures iguana 45 in resulting days four of total a for monitored were Cays Gaulin and Guana Bitter of themale-biasedtranslocatedcolony. the population is needed to study the long-term effects cactus niversity ofFlorida). Cactoblastis cactorum ent loss of adult iguanas. Intensive monitoring of monitoring Intensive iguanas. adult of loss ent in 1998 have fallen and must be replaced. Bitter pad. The iguana education signs posted origi- posted signs education iguana The pad. will be eligible for a variety of funding sources funding of variety a for eligible be will C.c. figginsi for the first time on an population on Pasture Cay (see Cyclura cychlura figginsi . cychlura Cyclura Opuntia

cade. Cays has been increasing significantly over the past de- Exuma the in traffic visitor because concern a is This iguanas. the feed and island the visit to told being are tourists The cays. the of north immediately located day.each cay the Staniel from come Cay visitors The on observed were However,tourists Cay. Gaulin on tourists observe we did rarely decade, past the Over Cay.Gaulin especially cays, two the on traffic tourist in increase significant the is concern Our observed. were goats two and briefly surveyed was Cay Guana ing thr rules should be offered to the few populations remain- they inhabit. More protection in the cays formthe on of activity signs human with elevated of because years quently Exuma aboard one-day excursion tourist trips. Conse- Great from visitors high-impact receive also Exumas one-day Nassau excursions. The islands in the southern Exumas experiences up to 600 people each week from iguanas. For example, the Allens Cays in the northern i deleterious behavior of feeding unwittingly the lizards. I and have become increas- cats, dogs, their them with bring Humans leased. are islands and Exumas isolation is being eroded as more yachtsmen cruise the of form the in offered Protection individuals. 1500 exceed not does population their and archipelago the The Exuma Island iguana occurs on only seven cays in traffic oniguanapopulationsintheExumas. be initiated to investigate the potential impacts of visitor behavior andpotentiallytheirhealth.Astudyshould natural their altering thus iguanas, the feed purposely the Exumas that are free from visitor impacts. Visitors ngly concerned for the Exuma iguanas over the last two Many of these tourists land on cays inhabited by oughout theExumas. , there are few iguana populations remaining in

Cuban treefrog on Andros. PhotobyJoeBurgess. ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 Winter • 8(2) Newsletter ISG 7 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 8 J 25 Year forCyclura Overview . cychlura inornata ALLEN’S CAYS, BAHAMAS-Iverson tions popula- (total years over25 doubled those morethan 1) the two natural populations of Leaf and U Cays have White at Colorado State University) Gary demonstrated (courtesy that MARK Program using (1980-2004) snout-vent length) over the first 25 years of field work mark-recapture data for subadults and adults (>25 rock cm Cays Allen the of Analysis the 2005. May in work field with iguana of study our continued We juvenile mortality on U than Leaf Cay. Preliminary Cay. Leaf than U on mortality juvenile higher of result a is pattern this However,believe we antithetical. seems Cay U on that exceeded has Cay U Cay and yet annual population growth rate on Leaf The fact that adult survivorship is higher on Leaf than crop biomassexceeding 100kg/haonLeafCay). standing (with islands respective their of (K) capacity r males per female in the early 1980’s to one-to-one cur- two about from shifted has islands both on ratio sex 300, respectively, excluding young of the year), 2) the tions popula-two years.the Ourthat suggests analysis few population growth has slowed to near zero over the last 4) and higher), much is feeding and visitation tourist bolder males, and higher on U Cay than Leaf Cay where90% (though higher in the more shy females than the Resident male Photo byJoeBurgess. ently, 3) annual adult survivorship has averaged about ohn Iverson (EarlhamCollege). on Leaf and U Cay now number about 600 and are approaching or have exceeded the carrying carrying the exceeded have or approaching are C.c.cychlura atT iamo Resort, Andros. fence be built across the cay to restrict the iguanas to iguanas the restrict to cay the across built be fence a that was permit the of issue for requirements the of One Cay. Guana of end east the on released and to transported and pit-tagged, and measured were 11 These 420-1028). range, g; 634 mass, body cm; mean 22.5-31.7 range, cm; 25.9 length, body mean ten sub-young adults (estimated ages 7.3 to 15.3 years; and captured one hatchling (ca. 3 months of age) and Kirsten Hines and I visited Leaf Cay in the Allen Cays, 2005 January early In purposes. ecotourism for Cay) Moon Half (now Salvador San Little on lagoon tidal interior the in Cay”) (“Guana cay small a to iguanas of Agriculture to translocate a small group of Allen Cays Lines received permission from the Bahamas Ministry Cruise America Holland 2004 December Finally,in may alsohave beenintroduced. iguanas which to Exumas northern the in cays small other many of exploration the as well as populations, will focus on more rigorous surveys of these translocated representing all size classes. Field work in March 2006 islands had no iguanas in 1996, but now has at least these of 40, One third. a discovered we and introduced, two other islands onto which iguanas were apparently D stage eggsorhatchlingsinthenest. late of suffocation the cause can September in season hatching during Storms soils. saturated easily more wetter, have and level, sea above meter one than less are Cay U on areas Nesting hypothesis. this support (2001-2002) years two for survivorship nest on data uring our field work in May 2005, we also visited also we 2005, May in work field our uring this translocationwillbe successful. at least Guana Cay. We are not optimistic that are apparently now found across the length of has not been modified, and some of the iguanas corrected; however, to our knowledge the fence strongly recommended that this deficiency be We it. under gap 8” an had also and island, even to the high tide lines on either side of the January, we found that the fence did not reach of the island. Unfortunately, on our arrival in end east the to competitors and predators of tourist visitation), high and preventing and the dispersal mammals feral (with island main the to dispersal preventingtheir end, east the Knapp andSandra Buckner. PhotobyJoe Wasilewski. Andros Town HallMeetingfeaturingpresentations byChuck the ecological role they play in the their native forests. regardingYadua questions answer Tabahelp will that on iguana crested Fijian the of study history natural This awarded proposal provides support to the ongoing Iguana, $3,000. J.S. Keogh, P. Harlow, and S. Morrison. • October. in facility headstart the into brought are hatchlings of number Julylarge in ensurea nests to iguana 2006 and provides funding to assemble a team to search for iguanas, headstarted radiotagged 24 of release annual field research and monitoring of the third consecutive supports grant This Gerber. Glenn and Bradley Kelly $8,000, Protection, Nest and Optimization Headstart por sup- and burrows, iguana artificial transport to rental used to purchase radio transmitters, pay for helicopter of 200 individuals from 20 founder lines. Funds will be this wild new subpopulation half way to its target size the Salina Reserve in 2004-05. This release will bring will significantly expand the population established in that iguanas old two-year 70 additional an of release 2005 December the for support provides grant This • and radio-trackinghatchlingiguanas. the iguana, monitoring released iguanas (16 in 2005), of requirement habitat and ecology on research sites, activities include predator control, protection of nesting and working in Hellshire. Rick’s ongoing conservation mar pri- the that ensures and program field long-running this continue to funding provides grant Wilson.This •

Conservation of the Critically Endangered Fijian Crested Conservation of the Anegada Iguana: Public Education, Jamaica Iguana Recovery Program, $9,000. Byron Byron $9,000. Program, Recovery Iguana Jamaica t volunteer fieldworkers. y field biologist, Rick Van Veen, remains on salary management fenceforthe facility. tour and security a erect to appeal web IRCF an by the facility, and supplement funds already being raised throughout water piped install area, preparation food and shed storage a complete pen, breeding oversized an subdivide and refurbish to utilized be will it where the Blue Iguana Conservation Fund on Grand Cayman, tated facility on Grand Cayman. IRCF’s 501c3 status facili- Recovery Program’s captive breeding and head-starting Foundation towards improvements to the Blue Iguana Dart the by $36,400 IRCFgranted DecemberIn was F John Binns (International Reptile Conservation IRCF Report • ment willbestudied. Habitat use, reproductive ecology, and juvenile recruit- ing minican niques field methods (mark recapture) with modern lab tech- iguana population, workers will compare conventional estimates. Using existing density estimates on the Mona (from feces) as a tool for acquiring accurate population study for using feasibility non-invasively collected DNA a samples conduct to used be will Funds Garcia. N. Perez-Buitrago, S.M. Funk, W.O. McMillan and M. conservation measures need to be implemented to to protect thisarea. implemented be to need measures conservation Imminent present. at status protective legal have not por habitat sup- Enriquillo of shore proposed south The conversion. the of impact estimated the and population iguana the of extent actual the document to need immediate an is thereagriculture, to area this convert to pressure political mounting to response In tion • endangered iguanas. other of assessments field for implications long-term

oundation) Emergency Funds Request for a Ricord’s Iguana Popula- Development of a Cost–efficient and Effective Monitor- ts a major population of Ricord’s iguana but does Ricord’sbut of iguana population major a ts Program for the Mona Iguana Population, $6,000, Population, Iguana Mona the Programfor Survey on the South Shore of Lake Enriquillo, Do- Enriquillo, Lake of Shore South the on Survey this grant, which will be transmitted onwards to using genetic markers. This pilot project has project pilot This markers. genetic using Republic, $3,000, Ernst Rupp (Grupo Jaragua).

15 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 Winter • 8(2) Newsletter ISG 14 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 ser Con- DisneyWildlife the been has sponsors generous International, and a host of zoos. One of the IIF’s most Conservation Fund, Action Conservation Scott Peter Endowment Fund, Morris Animal Foundation, SSC Sir from a number of sources including AZA Conservation has received and administered over $120,000 in grants annual Board pledges, grants, and donations. The IIF of combination a through raised, been has $400,000 Conservation Trust). To date (December 2005) nearly (DurrellWildlife partner foreign one with based U.S. largely is group the foundations; and NGO’s, corporations, zoos, representing members Board 14 has currently (IIF) Foundation Iguana International The Rick Hudson (Fort Worth Zoo) International Iguana Foundation Report mo re- their of impact the studying and Hills Hellshire in effort control predator ongoing the Supported • the of death) (and life the on mysteries many solving duct VanRick Veen’s biologist con- Supported to salary • nas inG • Supported iguana the release blue and monitoring the of 23 of blue igua- andbreedingheadstart facilityonGrand Cayman manager for support Salary • includethefollowing:that IIFhassupported Zoo). Highlights of some of the projects and programs control plan for Anegada ($11,000, thanks to San Diego t renova- facility iguana Zoo Hope ($17,000), damage Ivan Hurricane for effort relief emergency including projects major support to raised been Fundsalso have Fiji. and Bahamas, the Mona, Republic, Dominican Lucia, St Anegada, Jamaica, Cayman, Grand in work conservation iguana support to awards) 2005 recent just over $170,000 over four grant cyclesawarded has (including IIF the The gone? funds these have Where 2003), Turks andCaicos(2004),Jamaica (2005). the IIF for iguana programs in Grand Cayman (2002- ions ($9,000), and the development of a feral mammal vation Fund (DWCF) that has awarded $68,750 to val Session 2:GeneralReports fieldwork in Jamaica’sin fieldwork Hellshireis Hillshe where rand Cayman’s Salina Reservein2005-06 ricor emergency collei, C. duct • Provided funds to the NGO Grupo Jaragua to con- oftheSt.survival Lucia iguana • Funded research on the nesting ecology and hatchling St. Lucia iguana • Funded signage for the protected nesting area for the program Anegada iguanaheadstart • NRBA auction) field researchers (split with IRCF funds from Daytona • (2003 –2005) iguanas Anegada 72 for monitoring follow-up and • Funded the pre-release health screening, repatriation, for theAnegadaiguanarecovery effort research conservation and surveys field Supported • program atJamaica’s Hope Zoo ing Bahamas. Andros, The Board reviewed five proposals request- South in meeting ISG the following 2006 November 9–10 on met Directors of Board IIF The IIF web site. visibility and exposure, and expanding content on the increasing efforts, fund-raising up ramping partners, of a strategic business plan, identification of corporate that it intends to work on, including the development 2006 in challenges major of number a faces IIF The Fiji crested iguanaon Yadua Taba the for study Supportedhistory natural • ongoing an technique fortheMona iguana assessment field population iguana new a Funded • from Green toCut CayintheBahamas in2005 SanFundedten Salvadorof • translocation a iguanas region oftheDominican Republic Pedernales the in habitat iguana Ricord’s of hotspot • can iguanas(2003and2005) • Supported the repatriation of 28 headstarted Jamai- C Restoration • Seconda of Subpopulation of WildGrand (Brachylophusvitiensis, List Red IUCN to iguana species ranked Critically Endangered by the support direct provide which of four programs, five the Board was able to award $31,864 to the following Purchased a dedicated project vehicle for the Anegada Provided training and technical support for the the for support technical and training Provided ayman Blue Iguanas, Phase 2, $5,864, Fred Burton. Fred $5,864, 2, Phase Iguanas, Blue ayman Provided support to the ongoing iguana headstart headstart iguana ongoing the to support Provided a total of $53,473. Due to funding constraints, funding to Due $53,473. of total a di, alsoCritically Endangered. field research that led to the discovery of a major ). Subsequent pinguis). C. and meeting, the to funds were awarded of for conservation ycluralewisi,

C C. B rate with21animalsstillliving. survival 88% an experienced has groupyear, this one released in 2004 ranged from 1540 to 600 grams. After been 79%, with 19 animals still alive. The 24 animals from 2050to750grams.Survival aftertwoyears has wild were released in October 2003 and ranged in size returnedthe be to to iguanas headstarted 24 first The going very well, with a consistently high rate of survival. is program release and headstart iguana Anegada The Diego). San of Society (Zoological Gerber Glenn and Zoo) Cyclura pinguis: 2005 update. Kelly Bradley (Dallas -HudsonANEGADA ISLAND (forGerber d Ad- rate. survival 91% a representingalive, still were animals 22 days, 60 After 2005. December in place took trip monitoring follow-up first The 100%. was survival which after month, first the for daily tracked were iguanas The October. of week first the during v Conser- Wildlife the from PalmerNina and Raphael Bonnie Dr. long-term. them monitor to ability our 415 grams and received internal transmitters to insure to sizefrom612 in ranged iguanas smallest eight The on Middle inBonesBight. Cayandsandyscrub were released at each of two study sites: rocky woodland as in years past. Twelve animals (6.6) of equivalent sizes 1055 to 415 grams. The same release strategy was used additional 24 iguanas were released, an rangingfall, past This in releases. 2005 sizeOctober the fromfor size releases wesurvived, decided to further reduce animal May, July, andOctober of2006. A and crimpingtubes. to the nuchal crest with nylon coated stainless steel wire iguanas were fitted with external transmitters attached transmitter implantation surgeries. The 16 remaining ation Society conducted the health screenings and and screenings health the conducted Society ation itional follow-up trips will take place in February, in place take will trips follow-up itional ecause the smallest animals from the 2003 and 2004 ll of the animals were released back into the wild wild the into back released were animals the of ll tant impor- an play to continues Education Conservation Anegada during an outreach presentation by Kelly Kelly Bradley oftheDallas Zoo. by presentation outreach an during Anegada on students to given were necklaces beaded accurate genetically and colorful These gene. iguana Anegada an of sequence a on based jewelry” “genetic created about the recovery program. ZooCorps members also grounds Zoo on visitors educated and learned, they what about display a produced conservation, iguana r envi- on workshop one-day a attend to BVI the from used to cover travel expenses for a group of 12 educators capacity building of local educators. These funds were from the World Association received of also Zoos was and FundingAquariums for 2006. in distributed and about recovery efforts. These materials will beawareness local producedraise to brochure complementary and interpretive guide to the headstart facility and a poster an as such materials outreach creating for Fund Scott The program received a grant from the IUCN’s Sir Peter related totherecovery program. activities education conservation numerous saw 2005 activities, years’ previous from building momentum r Zoo’sout- important in ZooCorpspart programtook Caribbean. Middle-school students from the San Diego Finally, outreach efforts were not only contained in the predators. feral controlling and habitat key protecting include improving local support for other recovery efforts that involvement in these types of activities is important to bringing more awareness to the headstart program, local community took part in the October releases. Besides back to the wild. This year 11 members of the Anegada An annual highlight is the release of headstarted iguanas posted ontheSan Diego Zoo’s website. is that DNA microsatelite on lesson secondary-level iguanas. Anegada of a outreachinclude The activities a genetic analysis of the San Diego Zoo’s captive group Museum and Library Services helped fund outreach for and the San Diego Zoo. A grant from the Institute of ParksTrust,National BVI the USVI, Thomas, St. in based (VINE) educators Environmental of Network Conservation Outreach for the Anegada Iguana. Iguana. Anegada Lee P the for Outreach Conservation each activities. First, the group learned about Anegada onmental education coordinated by the Virgin Island

role in the recovery of the Anegada iguana. With

agni (Zoological Society ofSan Diego). ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 Winter • 8(2) Newsletter ISG 9 10 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 por than half of the estimated total on the island. The re- 300 rain trees have so far been poisoned, which is more Over iguanas. crested for available habitat forest dry removed from anyislandinFiji. being species plant invasive an of record first the is The successful removal of this species from Yadua habitat. Tabanesting iguana potential choking and plants the forest floor with a foot-thick layer of interconnectedalso is it Caribbeanas daisy’but ‘trailing is or highly trilobata invasive edelia in the Pacific, coveringthe to native is species This removal. hand intensive by island the from eradicated totally been had called, fied distributed. Four species of invasive plant were identi- Peter Harlow, and Jone Niukula) has been printed and Taylor,YaduaJenniferTaba’ of (by Island Sanctuary Weed Management and Plan for the Fijian Assessment Crested Iguana Plant ‘Invasive report, second The species ofFijian iguanas. both for estimates abundance obtain to survey techniques distance using data the analyze and surveys transect line conduct to how of description friendly distributed to all potential users in Fiji. This is a user- and printed been has Biciloa), PitaPeter and Harlow Analyses for Estimating Fijian Iguana Abundance’ (by completed: the first, titled ‘Survey Techniques and Data spr 2005 September by and 2003, July in began project This four invasiveranger. speciesby thesanctuary T implemented. being currently are or completed been already have workshop the from recommendations the of Several workshop should be finalized and printed in early 2006. November 2004. The Species Recovery Plan from the and Management Plan Workshop for Fijian Iguanas’ in the long and expensive trip to Fiji for the ‘Conservation G remove from Yadua Taba: Rain tree, b Thanks firstly to the 18 Iguana Specialist Group mem- Fijian Iguana Update. Peter Harlow (Taronga Zoo). -BurgessFIJI ISLANDS (forHarlow) ers and all the other international specialists who made wo reports recommended by the workshop have been uava and uava ead on Yaduaon ead Tabaavailable the decrease thus and t includes a five-year plan for the removalthe for five-yearthese plan a of includes t as needing intervention to control and eventually W . These species are continuing to continuing are species These Lantana. Wedelia trilobata, http://www forest restoration projects. See their project website at: ‘crazy ant’ on crested iguanas and their habitat, and dry by iguanas and rats, the effects of the introduced invasive of crested iguanas. Other projects include seed dispersal d ing Zach Pierce will be using mark-recapture and Yaduaradio-track- Taba in September 2005. Suzie and her partner t Na-Australian the from MorrisonSuzie student PhD numbers are stableorincreasing. where Fiji in populations iguana crested only the are these Taba,Yadua with together and iguana, crested after Yadua Taba for the of long-term the conservation in low abundance. This island is second in importance of the iguana’s favorite food tree species are present but were removed. The forest is now recovering, and most heavily burned and goat grazed until 1994 when goats was and owned, privately is It Suva. capital the from Levu, Fiji’s largest island, and about two hours by road of coast Viti north the off kilometer one is island This forest. regenerating in covered currently is island this per hectare of forest occur on the island, and almost half iguanas 25 of average an transect, metresof 800 along re-discovered in 2004. Based on 22 night-time sightings were iguanas crested where Macuata, of island hectare 40 the on iguanas crested of survey rapid a completed of (University Morley Pacific)PeterSouth and Harlow, assistance, local with Craig 2005, September In andfinalfieldtripisscheduledforJulyfourth 2006. The second trip took place in December 2005, and the islands. degraded on restoration forest for or iguanas, islands suitable for future translocation of Fijian crested r Knowledge of the dietary requirements of this herbivo- and iguana survey along each transect were completed. vegetation complete a and established were transects of crested iguana diet across all seasons. Six permanent picture better a obtain to analyses) later (for material We collected tree-use data and buckets of iguana faecal week field trips to Yadua Taba crested iguana sanctuary. Harlow (Taronga Zoo) completed the first of four two- ciloa Bi- Pita Pacific), South of (University NuniaThomas Rounds, Isaac Morrison, Clare 2005, September In ional University (Canberra) began her field research on ous species across all seasons is needed to assess potential uction, juvenile recruitment and habitat requirements techniques to gather basic biological data on repro- and Jone Niukula (Fiji National Trust), and Peter .fijiancrestediguana.com/ P ( subfamily the of rest the to group sister is clade this and analysis, combined the Sauromalus B data setsinwhichitisincluded. outside of the focused onthe Turks andCaicosIslands. cent to be the only strong indicator of genetic isolation. Re- subspecific status is weak. Geographic isolation appears is also within the subspecies historic range. Support for a small island off of Mayaguana Island, Bahamas, which C.c. bartschi the TurksIslands.Caicos and subspecies, second The carinata subspecies. recognized two has carinata tenosaur l Archipelago Fijian the to rachylophus and a subsequent divergence of the of dispersal early an by followedsubfamily, Dipsosaurus be evidence to support insufficient is there that conclude We carinata . C.c. haplotypes were found among populations designated populations of a common mtDNA haplotype found in Caicos Island of population Cay Booby the of populations variation genetic distinguishes any that is there whether ask to data fore.the to species Wethe of sequence mtDNA used have brought questions regarding the taxonomic status p o ineage. A sister relationship between between relationship sister A ineage. C hus mmend that the Booby Cay population of reliminary analysis strongly supports supports strongly analysis reliminary ooby Cay Study Complete - - Complete Study Cay ooby B included in ongoing conservation efforts currently efforts conservation ongoing in included ). Interestingly, conservation conservation attempts made on the species behalf , a Bahamian rock iguana, currently is found on several islands and cays throughout , , as the most basal lineage in the and and , is now only known to exist on Booby Cay, Amblyrhynchus Ctenosaur clade in the three C. carinata. In contrast, four different . Our findings show that show findings Our carinata. C.c. Iguana from several sampled several from bartschi C.c. C.c. bartschi Ctenosaur defensor is supported by by supported is , and and , is fixed for fixed is carinata C. as a subspecies and rec- Cyclurac. Conolo- Cyclura Cyclura Cyclura falls

C. carinata 2 annual monitoringofthispopulationcontinue. that recommended is It Cay. the on animals 558 of population total a or lizards/hectare, 14.5 of estimate been completed, resulting in a conservative population during extremely low tides. A set of transect surveys has been made. Iguanas were observed foraging on seagrass 50 individual iguanas marked, but few recaptures have thus their impact on the vegetation. There are currently and population, reducetheir would increasing,which local residents indicate that harvesting of goats may be with Interviews iguanas. the on impact negative no (periodic camping by fisherman) on the island has had activity Human hurricane. strong a and rats, goats, each visit despite the continued presence of introduced period. All size classes and sexes have been seen during t core group of team members indicate that the popula- tor moni- Cay,Boobybeen on has BahamasMayaguana, The population of Burgess, andJohn Bendon. atc’ Rc Iun, ( Iguana, Rock Bartsch’s BOOBY CAY, BAHAMAS - Wasilewski and Conners ion has remained healthy and stable over this time time this over stable and healthy remained has ion 0 udt. tv Cnes JeWslwk, Joe Wasilewski, Joe Conners, Steve update. 005 Resident male ed annually since 1998. Repeat observations by a by observations Repeat 1998. since annually ed Cyclura c.cychlura Cyclura carinata bartschi ylr crnt bartschi carinata Cyclura atT PhotobyJoeBur iamo Resort, Andros. found only gess. )

13 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 Winter • 8(2) Newsletter ISG ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 11 on nubila nubila nubila Cyclura atural and Environmental Resources). Environmental atural and but the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has a and key points are listed below. A sub-group was sub-group A below. listed are points key and Resources Resources to assess their interest and involvement The population is exempt from the US ESA rules The Cuban government should be contacted by the by contacted be should government Cuban The rs, students, and field workers (no tourists) are allowed allowed are tourists) (no workers field and students, rs, sla Magueyes. Miguel Garcia (Puerto Rico Depart- Rico (Puerto Garcia Miguel Magueyes. sla ng of adults through relocation (outside Puerto Rico), Rico), Puerto (outside relocation through adults of ng I ment of N ment of in the future of this population. in the future The • ISG is concerned about stating a policy in the event of backlash. It is preferred to have the Puerto can ISG the and policy their decide government Rican of any action. advise on the potential problems Puerto of mainland the on colonization Established • even predators many are there because unlikely is Rico distance is short. though the over-water harvest- of: analysis an with needed is plan control A • i on the island, but the animals have been fed and are on 7.2 ha). (~500 and numerous aggressive now A discussion of this issue was held among ISG mem- bers stopping population growth (nest destruction), and euthanasia (last resort). The introduced population of Cuban iguanas on Isla veryis it since char- problem a become has Magueyes ismatic Natural of Department Rico Puerto the help to formed solu- acceptable an find Resources Environmental and tion to this dilemma. • strict public policy against exotic biota. Only research- Only biota. exotic against policy public strict e Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmen- and Natural of Department Rico Puerto tal because it is an introduced population. Legally the animals could be pet moved US from the in the animals island the Placing to the US. the pet within trade undesirable care, improper of: risks serious poses trade precedent, and potential release and conversion to a new feral population. They • are a CITES I species so trade within the US is not regulated. Translocating the iguanas back to Cuba would involve US export and a Cuban import permits. back Translocation to Cuba is zoonotically risky to other herpetofauna. • ISLA MAGUEYES, PUERTO RICO - Garcia RICO PUERTO ISLA MAGUEYES, Iguana, Cuban Introduced 4 0 5 34 35 42 Cyclura Cyclura cornuta Collected Number of Hatchlings of Hatchlings Number Cyclura cornuta stejnegeri , has been listed as endangered under the eriod Sardinera de Pájaros Playa ealth of Puerto Rico. This is because the species the because is This Rico. Puerto of ealth 1999-2000 47 2000-20012001-20022002-2003 25 2003-2004 2 2004-2005 3 0 6 P y to obtain a positive and sustained population . Miguel Garcia (Puerto Rico Department of Department Rico (Puerto Garcia Miguel pdate. Population and Habitat Viability Assessment is growth exhibits a limited distribution, relatively low population population low relatively distribution, limited a exhibits the into juveniles of recruitment reduced and numbers, breeding stage. Therefore, a head-start program was started in 1999 and is conducted by the Department (PRDNER), Resources Environmental and Natural of By Rico. Puerto of University the and Zoo, Toledo the released been have iguanas headstart 87 2005, October and of these 33 animals have and been individuals recaptured. nine from data We dispersal recorded have 2.4- from ranging ranges, home large relatively found all for (MCP) range home average The hectares. 22.2 and 13.3 = 90% (Kernel hectares. 19.8 was individuals observed iguanas headstart the All 2.3). = 50% Kernel of success the indicating health, good in and active are this management strategy. Endangered Species Act and the Regulation to Govern Govern to Regulation the and Act Species Endangered of Threatened Species the the Com- and Endangered monw stejnegeri The endemic Mona Island Iguana, Natural and Environmental Resources). and Environmental Natural needed to iguanas determine nec-number of released essar Table 1. Number of hatchlings collected at two sites by year. 1. Number of hatchlings Table Summary: been found dead iguanas have released • No large home ranges (2.4-22.2 ha) • Relatively • Survivorship data are still being recorded by active searching of marked individuals (with radios) or without • Mona Island Iguana, MONA ISLAND, PUERTO RICO - Garcia RICO ISLAND,MONA PUERTO U 12 ISG Newsletter 8(2) • Winter 2005 duras. Hon- Islands, Bay Utila, of island the on similis, C. the endemic the between hybridization, of directions and degree the Caribbean Sea bordering Honduras; and 3.) document the in islets various and Cochinos Islands,CayosBay tion Nuclear conserva- speciation, of into insights America: Central Ctenosaurs the of analysis Molecular CENTRAL AMERICA-Pasachnik eri, an outgroup); 2.) investigate the colonization of Mesoamerica, (using the ribbean Ca- the inhabiting complex melanosterna Ctenosaura of iguanas the of phylogeny molecular a construct 1.) explanations for speciation within this clade I plan to: plausible evaluate to order In research. scientific in however,clade, far thus attention receivedlittle has it fies biodiversity hotspots. The earth’s the of one as defined been has Mesoamerica Tennessee).of complex. melanosterna strategies that are necessary to preserve the management and conservation the and status, species Male Cyclurac.cychlura similis, C. this pattern because it is an incredibly species rich and management. Stesha Pasachnik (University This study will provide insight into diversity,into insight provide will study This borders and islands of Honduras, the heart of , melanosterna and C. bakeri C. C. , and a wide ranging congener ranging wide a and Andros. PhotobyJoeWasilewski. C. quinquecarinata Ctenosaura group exempli- C. oedirhina to the complex as Ctenosaura C. bak- t I. iguana Iguana Phylogeography - Valley State College). (Utah Stephen Catherine Update. Studies Genetic c flow.gene to barriers Weand distances nu- using are iguana is found throughout the Neotropics interbreeding population, given the enormous physical seems highly unlikely that It 1982). Rand & (Burghart Antilles Lesser the and complete in- on relied have relationships Iguaninae of studies molecular and morphological Previous archipelago. Fijian the and Hemisphere Western the throughout distributed genera modern eight with group ancient an is Iguaninae - Phylogenetics Subfamily Iguaninae much more recently intoCentralAmerica. The subfamily collectively spans thousands of miles miles of thousands spans collectively subfamily The ar topology of the phylogeny indicates that green of iguana. populations Antilles Lesser plus The Central American populations and the South American show a congruent, deep lineage divergence between the from 17 different countries. Results from both data sets included in the preliminary analysis have been Samples collected species. this of history phylogeographic the Antilles, IGU orically has a very limited range restricted to the Lesser lear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data to explore ose on the South American continent and radiated and continent American South the on ose ANINAE GENETICS-Stephen and I. sample sets that yield conflicting topologies. l suggested occurrences of past refugia or re- as such hypotheses, biogeographic test to suited uniquely is group the distribution, and age its of Because endemism. island and exhibits a high degree of regional and boundaries, geographical multiple across logenies of separate data sets result analysis in congruent phy- likelihood maximum from Iguaninae species. Phylogenies generated the of 28 including genera, eight all for loci (two nuclear and two mitochondrial) have collected DNA sequence data at four we phylogeny robust a generate to order evaluation of molecular clock models. In ictual fragments, as well as allow empirical I. delicatissima with varying levels of resolution.of levels varying with Iguana I. iguana . While consists of two species, constitutes a single I. delicatissima Iguana iguana his-