DOCSLIB.ORG

Space Capability and India's Defence Communications up to 2022 and Beyond

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Space Capability and India's Defence Communications up to 2022 and Beyond ilitary organisations worldwide have steadily increased IDSA Occasional Paper No. 15 Mreliance on space assets for communications, surveillance, and navigation. The military use of space includes communication, imagery, navigation, signal/electronic intelligence, early warning, and meteorology. Of all these, communication followed by imagery Space Capability and India’s Defence and navigations are the most important, widely and extensively used applications, both by civil and military organisations. India has Communications Up to 2022 and Beyond sufficient space capability as compared to China, to support its defence forces especially in the field of communication and sufficient capability for surveillance, the two major and most important applications of space systems. Colonel Deepak Sharma was commissioned in Corps of Signals in 1984. He has an M. Tech degree in Communications from IIT, Kanpur and has also done Technical Staff Course. He commanded Corps Engineering Signals Regiment in Counter Insurgency Environment and the unit was responsible for provisioning communication in entire Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. As a Commanding Officer in North-East in 'OP RHINO', he was awarded Army Commanders' Commendation Card for provisioning communication to troops of Corps who took part in flushing out Insurgents from Bhutan. After completion of M Tech from IIT Kanpur, in 1994, he was posted as Deputy Director from 1994 to 1997 and subsequently as Director from Dec 2006 to Jun 2009 in Directorate dealing with all the satellite communication aspects of the Army. Col. Sharma joined IDSA in July 2009, and is working on projects related to space capability and other aspects of the space system. Deepak Sharma ISBN 81-86019-84-7 9 7 9 8 1 8 6 0 1 9 8 4 8 Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi IDSA Occasional Paper No. 15 Space Capability and India’s Defence Communications Up to 2022 and Beyond Deepak Sharma Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses New Delhi Ó Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, sorted in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Institute for Defence Studied and Analyses (IDSA). ISBN: 81-86019-84-7 First Published: November 2010 Price: Rs 175/- Published by: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses No.1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Delhi Cantt., New Delhi - 110 010 Tel. (91-11) 2671-7983 Fax.(91-11) 2615 4191 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.idsa.in Cover & Layout by: Geeta Kumari Printed at: M/s Printline H-10, IInd Floor, NDSE-I New Delhi - 110049 Tel: (91-11) 24651060, 24643119 E-mail : [email protected] Background The space assets are being exploited by our defence forces for communication, utilising our own satellite systems since 1990. However there are issues which require to be addressed in detail for enhancing the space based capability of our defence forces and enabling them to exploit the space assets for Network-centric warfare (NCW), as an integrated force. The space is an important third dimension area to be exploited by defence forces to have a decisive edge over its adversary, especially in nuclear threat and other similar environment. Space is emerging as an important 'arena' for future military operations. Information domination through space-based assets would become the key to this pursuit and would shape the outcome of war. Therefore the important space based capabilities desired and essential for military use are the following: (a) Space-based Observation/surveillance Capabilities. (b) Position and Navigational information. (c) Reliable Communication Capabilities. Of all the above, communication is the most important application which is widely and extensively used by the Indian defence forces, followed by imagery and navigation. One of the most important features of space- based system is that it provides global coverage. The footprint of the satellite can be planned and managed to suite global scenario of operations. Space systems are most suited for global, continuous and near continuous coverage and communication connectivity to allow the defence forces to execute its missions effectively. Ultimately, the exploitation of space by using satellite will facilitate real time connectivity between 'sensor, decision-makers, and shooters' at geographically separated locations. Communication in the defence forces is multi layered and flexible. The media could be terrestrial, radio or satellite. Satellite media is planned to provide global coverage and redundancy to other communication media. The satellite communication systems are ideal as primary means of communication for mobile, remote inhospitable terrain and for sea operations. The satellite payloads for a defence specific satellite should therefore cater for the needs of the forces to support NCW in the long term. 4 Deepak Sharma Legal Framework and Adoption of Multilateral Treaties for Outer Space1 The international legal framework for outer space establishes the principle that space should be used for “peaceful purposes.” Since the signing of the Outer Space Treaty (OST) in 1967, this framework has grown to include the Astronaut Rescue Agreement (1968), the Liability Convention (1972), the Registration Convention (1979), and the Moon Agreement (1979), as well as a range of other international and bilateral agreements and relevant rules of customary international law. The OST prohibits the stationing of nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction anywhere in space. The US withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty in 2002 eliminated a longstanding US/USSR-Russia prohibition on space-based conventional weapons, stimulating renewed concerns about the potential for space weaponisation. What began as a focus on multilateral space treaties, however, has transitioned to a focus on what some describe as 'soft law' referring to a range of non-binding governance tools including principles, resolutions, confidence-building measures, and policy and technical guidelines. The US has always been resisting international move for any legally binding treaties banning anti-satellite tests. In 2008, at the UN General Assembly, US had reiterated its rejection of legally binding approaches to security in space. The US has expressed the view that destruction of failed satellite by any nation is in consistent with the Outer Space Treaty. International legal events in 2008 had mainly focused on non-binding governance tools, which some refer to as 'soft law', such as transparency and confidence-building measures and codes of conduct. Support for these measures indicates a growing commitment on the part of some leading space-faring countries to better regulate activities in outer space by codifying generally accepted behaviours. However, the potential risk with this approach is that implementation will be arbitrary and selective, as demonstrated by the ongoing challenges faced by the Hague Code of Conduct, and that de facto international law will be made via the unilateral actions of states, as demonstrated by the US destruction of one of its own satellites. The US action to destroy its satellite and official responses by other governments may stand as precedents for procedures 1. Space report 2009, executive summary, available at www.spacesecurity.org Space Capability and India's Defence Communications Up to 2022 and Beyond 5 under which the use of force in outer space is legitimised, in the absence of specific treaty law. A range of international institutions, such as the UN General Assembly, the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UN COPUOS), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), and the Conference on Disarmament (CD), have been mandated to address issues related to space security. But the CD has been deadlocked without an agreed plan of work since 1996 and there has been no progress on space issues in 30 years, despite efforts to move forward on the Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) mandate to develop an instrument relating to the weaponisation of space. COPUOS remains active, with a focus on non- binding, technical approaches to security in space. Activities surrounding the UN COPUOS in 2008 reinforced the continued focus on nonbinding, technical approaches to international governance of outer space noted in. Despite drawbacks, these are the only mechanisms that are garnering widespread support and leading to improvements in the security of outer space in the face of continued lack of consensus on new treaties in both the UN COPUOS and the CD. However, the increased interaction between these two organisations suggests that addressing security concerns in space more comprehensively may become possible in the future, although the stark division between civil and safety issues and military and weapons issues remains institutionalised. All space-faring states emphasise the importance of cooperation and the peaceful uses of space, but with caveats based on national security concerns. States continued to express commitment to international cooperation on the peaceful use of outer space in their civil space policies in 2008. Some peaceful uses of space are increasingly viewed as strategic, however, which could limit opportunities for cooperation and cause political tensions in space, depending on whether states pursue independent or collective measures
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DEPARTMENT of SPACE DEMAND NO.89 Department of Space A
    Notes on Demands for Grants, 2005-2006 193 DEPARTMENT OF SPACE DEMAND NO.89 Department of Space A. The Budget allocations, net of recoveries, are given below: (In crores of Rupees) Budget 2004-2005 Revised 2004-2005 Budget 2005-2006 Major Head Plan Non-Plan Total Plan Non-Plan Total Plan Non-Plan Total Revenue 1836.01 331.29 2167.30 1661.10 340.00 2001.10 2192.16 348.00 2540.16 Capital 563.99 ... 563.99 538.90 ... 538.90 607.84 ... 607.84 Total 2400.00 331.29 2731.29 2200.00 340.00 2540.00 2800.00 348.00 3148.00 1. Secretariat - Economic Services 3451 ... 4.27 4.27 ... 4.78 4.78 ... 4.50 4.50 Space Research Space Technology Launch Vehicle Technology 2. Geo -Synchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle 3402 36.78 ... 36.78 39.44 ... 39.44 17.95 ... 17.95 3. GSLV MK-III Development. 3402 164.00 ... 164.00 152.53 ... 152.53 218.54 ... 218.54 5402 326.00 ... 326.00 237.47 ... 237.47 231.46 ... 231.46 Total 490.00 ... 490.00 390.00 ... 390.00 450.00 ... 450.00 4. Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) 3402 9.92 ... 9.92 8.02 ... 8.02 1.67 ... 1.67 Project 5402 1.00 ... 1.00 1.23 ... 1.23 ... ... ... Total 10.92 ... 10.92 9.25 ... 9.25 1.67 ... 1.67 5. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle - 3402 122.50 ... 122.50 122.50 ... 122.50 108.73 ... 108.73 Continuation Project 5402 ... ... ... ... ... ... 11.27 ... 11.27 Total 122.50 ..
    [Show full text]
  • G. Madhavan Nair - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    G. Madhavan Nair - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia G. Madhavan Nair From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia G. Madhavan Nair (Malayalam: ജി. മാധവ നായ) (born October 31, 1943) is the G Madhavan Nair present Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation and Secretary to the Department of Space, Government of India since September 2003. He is also the Chairman, Space Commission and acts as the Chairman of Governing Body of the Antrix Corporation, Bangalore. Madhavan Nair was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest civilian honour, on January 26, 2009.[1][2] Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 As Chairman of ISRO 4 Additional responsibilities G Madhavan Nair 5 Awards Born 31 October 1943 6 Honours Thiruvanathapuram, India 7 Fellowships/Memberships 8 Lashkar Threat Residence India 9 References Nationality Indian 10 External links Fields Rocket Technology Institutions Indian Space Research Organisation Bhabha Atomic Research Center Early life Alma mate r B.Sc. (Engineering - Electrical & Communication) (1966), College of Nair was born at Neyyattinkara near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. He also studied in his Engineering, Trivandrum early life in Kanyakumari District. He graduated with a B.Sc. in Engineering (1966) from College Known for Indian Space Program of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala University with specialization in Electrical & Communication Engineering. After his graduation Nair attended a training program at the Bhabha Notable Padma Bhushan (1998) awards Atomic Research Center (BARC) Training School, Mumbai. Padma Vibhushan (2009) Career Nair is a leading technologist in the field of rocket systems and has made significant contribution to the development of multi-stage satellite launch vehicles, achieving self-reliance in independent access to space using indigenous technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • India and China Space Programs: from Genesis of Space Technologies to Major Space Programs and What That Means for the Internati
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2009 India And China Space Programs: From Genesis Of Space Technologies To Major Space Programs And What That Means For The Internati Gaurav Bhola University of Central Florida Part of the Political Science Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Bhola, Gaurav, "India And China Space Programs: From Genesis Of Space Technologies To Major Space Programs And What That Means For The Internati" (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 4109. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/4109 INDIA AND CHINA SPACE PROGRAMS: FROM GENESIS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGIES TO MAJOR SPACE PROGRAMS AND WHAT THAT MEANS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY by GAURAV BHOLA B.S. University of Central Florida, 1998 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science in the College of Arts and Humanities at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2009 Major Professor: Roger Handberg © 2009 Gaurav Bhola ii ABSTRACT The Indian and Chinese space programs have evolved into technologically advanced vehicles of national prestige and international competition for developed nations. The programs continue to evolve with impetus that India and China will have the same space capabilities as the United States with in the coming years.
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights in Space 2010
    International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2017 - 2018 Annual Report 2017 - 2018 Citizens’ Charter of Department of Space
    GSAT-17 Satellites Images icro M sat ries Satellit Se e -2 at s to r a C 0 SAT-1 4 G 9 -C V L S P III-D1 -Mk LV GS INS -1 C Asia Satell uth ite o (G S S A T - 09 9 LV-F ) GS ries Sat Se ellit t-2 e sa to 8 r -C3 a LV C PS Annual Report 2017 - 2018 Annual Report 2017 - 2018 Citizens’ Charter of Department Of Space Department Of Space (DOS) has the primary responsibility of promoting the development of space science, technology and applications towards achieving self-reliance and facilitating in all round development of the nation. With this basic objective, DOS has evolved the following programmes: • Indian National Satellite (INSAT) programme for telecommunication, television broadcasting, meteorology, developmental education, societal applications such as telemedicine, tele-education, tele-advisories and similar such services • Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite programme for the management of natural resources and various developmental projects across the country using space based imagery • Indigenous capability for the design and development of satellite and associated technologies for communications, navigation, remote sensing and space sciences • Design and development of launch vehicles for access to space and orbiting INSAT / GSAT, IRS and IRNSS satellites and space science missions • Research and development in space sciences and technologies as well as application programmes for national development The Department Of Space is committed to: • Carrying out research and development in satellite and launch vehicle technology with a goal to achieve total self reliance • Provide national space infrastructure for telecommunications and broadcasting needs of the country • Provide satellite services required for weather forecasting, monitoring, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Unmanned Satellites on Postage Stamps 42. Aryabhata, Bhaskara, Rohini, and Badr Series Satellites by Don Hillger - SU 5200 and Garry Toth (Coauthor)
    Unmanned Satellites on Postage Stamps 42. Aryabhata, Bhaskara, Rohini, and Badr Series Satellites by Don Hillger - SU 5200 and Garry Toth (Coauthor) This is the forty-second in a series of quasi-spherical polyhedron, about 1.6 articles about unmanned satellites on m in diameter. postage stamps. In this article we cover Since the body of the spacecraft scientific satellites from Southern Asia: is similar for both Aryabhata and the Aryabhata, Bhaskara, and Rohini Bhaskara, it is assumed that the satellites from India, and the Badr antennas can be used to distinguish satellite from Pakistan. between the two. For Aryabhata, the TheAryabhata satellite was India’s antennas appear to be attached to the first satellite, launched 19 April 1975. widest part of the spacecraft body. For It was completely designed and Bhaskara, the antennas appear to be manufactured in India but launched by attached to the angled part of the body. Russia. The spacecraft, named after the The first Rohini was the first Indian- famous Indian astronomer Aryabhata built satellite that was also launched (476-550), was a scientific satellite by them, on 18 July 1980. Three used to measure cosmic X-rays, solar Rohinis were launched through 1983. neutrons, gamma rays, ionospheric Although some sources identify electrons, and UV rays. With 26 sides, it as a spherical satellite, 0.6 m in the spacecraft was quasi-spherical. diameter, the lone postal item from It appears on several stamps or other India featuring Rohini shows it as a postal items from India and Russia. polyhedron, similar to Aryabhata and Dominica is the only other country Bhaskara, but with one flattened end.
    [Show full text]
  • N95- 17549 I If!!I I'__/ I
    N95- 17549 i if!!i_i'__/_i GROUND STATION SUPPORT FOR SMALL SCIENTIFIC SATELLITES : i_ ¸::::• ; R. Holdaway, E. Dunford and P.H. McPherson " _i_:', _ i. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Chilton, DIDCOT Oxfordshire, OXI10QX, UK _ _ii i_I ABSTRACT In order to keep the cost of a complete small scientific satellite programme low, it is necessary to minimise the cost of the Ground Station Operations and Support. This is required not only for the operations and support :.? : per se, but also in the development of Ground Station hardware and the mission associated software. Recent experiences at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) on two international projects, IRAS and AMPTE, have shown that the low cost objectives of operations using smaller national facilities can be achieved. This paper describes the facilities at RAL, and the methods by which low cost support are provided by considering the differing implications of hardware/software system modularity, reliability and small numbers of dedicated and highly skilled operations staff. INTRODUCTION / i_!_ Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) is part of tile UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) - formally the Science and Engineering Research Council (SERC). RAL has a long history of Space Science and Technology going back to the early 1960's, and in more recent times RAL has had TT&C responsibilities for a number of space missions. In 1983, RAL operated the Infra-Red Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) on behalf of NASA, S ERC and the Dutch Aerospace Agency NIVR. Operations with IRAS covered all aspects of ground System work, including Mission Planning, Command Generation, Satellite Control, Data Reception, Satellite Health Monitoring, and Detailed Science Analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan Response Towards Terrorism: a Case Study of Musharraf Regime
    PAKISTAN RESPONSE TOWARDS TERRORISM: A CASE STUDY OF MUSHARRAF REGIME By: SHABANA FAYYAZ A thesis Submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Political Science and International Studies The University of Birmingham May 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT The ranging course of terrorism banishing peace and security prospects of today’s Pakistan is seen as a domestic effluent of its own flawed policies, bad governance, and lack of social justice and rule of law in society and widening gulf of trust between the rulers and the ruled. The study focused on policies and performance of the Musharraf government since assuming the mantle of front ranking ally of the United States in its so called ‘war on terror’. The causes of reversal of pre nine-eleven position on Afghanistan and support of its Taliban’s rulers are examined in the light of the geo-strategic compulsions of that crucial time and the structural weakness of military rule that needed external props for legitimacy. The flaws of the response to the terrorist challenges are traced to its total dependence on the hard option to the total neglect of the human factor from which the thesis develops its argument for a holistic approach to security in which the people occupy a central position.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Security Index
    SPACE SECURITY 2011 www.spacesecurity.org SPACE 2011SECURITY SPACESECURITY.ORG iii FOR PDF version use this Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publications Data Space Security 2011 ISBN : 978-1-895722-87-1 ISBN : 978-1-895722-87-1 © 2011 SPACESECURITY.ORG Edited by Cesar Jaramillo Design and layout: Creative Services, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Cover image: The International Space Station is featured in this photograph taken by an STS-130 crew member on space shuttle Endeavour after the station and shuttle began their post-undocking relative separation on 19 February 2010. Image credit: NASA. Printed in Canada Printer: Pandora Press, Kitchener, Ontario First published August 2011 Please direct inquires to: Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares 57 Erb Street West Waterloo, Ontario N2L 6C2 Canada Telephone: 519-888-6541, ext. 708 Fax: 519-888-0018 Email: [email protected] Governance Group Gérard Brachet Institute de l’Air et de l’Espace Peter Hays Eisenhower Center for Space and Defense Studies Dr. Ram Jakhu Institute of Air and Space Law, McGill University William Marshall NASA – Ames Research Center Paul Meyer The Simons Foundation John Siebert Project Ploughshares Dana Smith Foreign A airs and International Trade Canada Ray Williamson Secure World Foundation Advisory Board Richard DalBello Intelsat General Corporation Theresa Hitchens United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research Dr. John Logsdon The George Washington University Dr. Lucy Stojak HEC Montréal Project Manager Cesar Jaramillo Project Ploughshares Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1 Acronyms PAGE 7 Introduction PAGE 10 Acknowledgements PAGE 11 Executive Summary PAGE 27 Chapter 1 – The Space Environment: this indicator examines the security and sustainability of the space environment with an emphasis on space debris, the potential threats posed by near-Earth objects, and the allocation of scarce space resources.
    [Show full text]
  • UV Astronomy ASTROSAT/UVIT
    UV Astronomy 2014-2020 Jayant Murthy Indian Institute of Astrophysics [email protected] [email protected] http://www.iiap.res.in June 8, 2010 UV Astronomy 1 Goals Lessons learned from TAUVEX. Student built satellites. UV Astronomy in the next decade. June 8, 2010 UV Astronomy 2 TAUVEX Set of three UV imagers with 20 cm mirrors. First proposed in late 1970s. Planned for Spectrum X Gamma Indefinitely postponed. Proposed for ISRO launch in 2001. June 8, 2010 UV Astronomy 3 TAUVEX Timeline Then ISRO Chairman came to Israel. Science Minister went to India. Signed on Dec. 25, 2003. Intended for 2005 launch. Progressive delays. Original proponents retired/left. Mounted onto spacecraft in Nov. 2009. Taken off spacecraft in Dec. 2009. June 8, 2010 UV Astronomy 4 Current Status Promised another launch by ISRO. Delays in communications between ISA and ISRO. Delays in ISRO launches. Status highly uncertain. June 8, 2010 UV Astronomy 5 ISRO Launch Opportunities Two types of launches actively encouraged. Commercial launches. Student launches. Small satellite slots effectively booked for the next 3 years. Free launches and support for science likely to be minimal. June 8, 2010 UV Astronomy 6 Student options First was AnuSat. Ham radio beacon. Studsat. Group of engineering colleges. To be launched with the next PSLV. Pratham: IIT (Bombay) – upper atmosphere work. Jugnu: IIT (Kanpur) – remote sensing. June 8, 2010 UV Astronomy 7 GALEX GALEX status FUV power supply has failed. Carrying on with NUV. Completed most of all-sky survey. AIS fields with 100 – 300 second exposure. Excludes Galactic plane and other bright regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Liberalising Satellite Communications in India: Opportunities for Enhanced Economic Growth
    RGB Logo R:0 G:0 B: 255 Current Logo C: 100 M: 77 Y: 0 K:12 LIBERALISING SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS IN INDIA: OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENHANCED EcONOMIC GROWTH Liberalising Satellite Communications in India 1 WHEREVER YOU OPERATE WE’VE GOT YOU COVERED COMPLETE CONNECTIVITY FOR OFFSHORE INDIA OPERATIONS Global expertise, high-availability network services and uninterrupted communications; available via India’s Inflight and Maritime Communications (IFMC) License. theconnectedvessel.com 2 Liberalising Satellite Communications in India ©2019 ITC Global, A Panasonic Company. All rights reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Satellites and Space Activities in India ................................................................................................. 2 2. Evolution of Satellite Communication in India ...............................................................................4 2.1 Current Applications of Satcom in India .............................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 Commercial Applications ........................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Non-Commercial Applications .................................................................................................................9 2.2 Potential for Satellite Broadband in India ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS)
    Topic: Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS) Course: Remote Sensing and GIS (CC-11) M.A. Geography (Sem.-3) By Dr. Md. Nazim Professor, Department of Geography Patna College, Patna University Lecture-5 Concept: India's remote sensing program was developed with the idea of applying space technologies for the benefit of human kind and the development of the country. The program involved the development of three principal capabilities. The first was to design, build and launch satellites to a sun synchronous orbit. The second was to establish and operate ground stations for spacecraft control, data transfer along with data processing and archival. The third was to use the data obtained for various applications on the ground. India demonstrated the ability of remote sensing for societal application by detecting coconut root-wilt disease from a helicopter mounted multispectral camera in 1970. This was followed by flying two experimental satellites, Bhaskara-1 in 1979 and Bhaskara-2 in 1981. These satellites carried optical and microwave payloads. India's remote sensing programme under the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) started off in 1988 with the IRS-1A, the first of the series of indigenous state-of-art operating remote sensing satellites, which was successfully launched into a polar sun-synchronous orbit on March 17, 1988 from the Soviet Cosmodrome at Baikonur. It has sensors like LISS-I which had a spatial resolution of 72.5 meters with a swath of 148 km on ground. LISS-II had two separate imaging sensors, LISS-II A and LISS-II B, with spatial resolution of 36.25 meters each and mounted on the spacecraft in such a way to provide a composite swath of 146.98 km on ground.
    [Show full text]