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European Commerce, Shewing New and Secure Channels of Trade with the Continent of Europe: Detailing the Produce, Manufactures, A

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European Commerce, Shewing New and Secure Channels of Trade with the Continent of Europe: Detailing the Produce, Manufactures, A -^^. v..,> / '^1 i^t^trif Sn^jJW. A s;KO;i:CCc-sa:t; \ jfi-" -.J-, me Robert E. Gross Collection A Memorial to the Founder of the ' ' Business Administration Library « Los Angeles ymtmmimmmjtMi^imatMmim : EUROPEAN COMMERCE, SHEWING NEW AND SECURE CHANNELS OF TRADE WITH THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE ' PETAILINGTIIE PRODUCE, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE^ or RUSSIA, PRUSSIA, SWEDEN, DENMARK, AND GERMANY 5 AS WELL AS THE TRADE OF THE RIVERS ELBE, TVESER, AND EMS-, WITH A REN'ERAL VIEW OF TRE Trade, Navigation, Produce, atid Manufactures, of the UNITED KINGDOM ofGREAT BRITAIN 5C IRELAND. BY J. JEPSON ODDY, MEMBER OF THE RUSSIAN AND TURKEY OR LEVANT COMPANIES. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. II. PHILADELPHIA; PRINTED AND SOLD BY JAMES HUMPHREYS, CHANGE WALK, Thp Corner of Second and Walnut-streets. 1807. CONTENTS. BOOK IV, CHAPTER I. OF Stoeden in general. Its boundaries and seas i its mines of iron, copper, gold, silver, and lead; its production in tar, pitch and timber. Fishery, ma- nufactures, lakes, and canals. 9 CHAPTER II. Distinction betzveen the old aiid the neto staple towns of Sweden specified. Of Stockholm ; its localities, ma- nufactures, exchange, and exports in 1803 6C 1804,- its 7nonies, zoeights, and measures. Gothenburg ; its trade, exports,, fishery, Greenland company, station for British packets. Gefie; its trade and exports. The same of Abo. Szoedish Po?nera?iia. Stralsund, a newly inade free port. Grypszvald. Wolgast. Barth. Rugen. Aggregate shipping of Sweden. 21 CHAPTER III. Public institutions and bodies for the purposes of trade in Sweden ; the Bank, East India company. West India company, college of commerce, trade, marine rine society, company for diving and salvage^, re- marks on national debt, trade of Szveden, imports and exports, trade and ^mvigation, 8(c. 3;") BOOK V. CHAPTER 1. Denmark in general. Norway and the dutchies of Holsfeuiy Schlencig and Jutland ; importance of those dominions in the present time. Trade of Europe passing through them. Pacific disposition of the Danish government. Circuitous navigation to the Baltic diminished by passing through Holstein. Its particular importance. Produce of Denmark^ Nor- K-aj/j S^c. 8(c, 45 CHAPTER II. Ports of Holstein and Schleszvig. Tonningen, the best port during the blockade of the Elbe for the trade to Hamburg. Conveyance of merchandise from Ton- ?iingen to Hamburg. Regulation of custoins for transit trade. Roads forming. Husum, station for packets described. Route and mode of travelling. Kiely Rcndsburg, AltonOy S(c. described. 5 1 CHAPTER HI. Holstein Canal, cost, description, dimensions for ves- sels which pass through. Rules, regulations, and du- ties for shipping. Duties for merchandise passing through, also for njarehouse rent at Rendsburg. 66 CHAPTER IV. Island of Zealand s its position. Remarks on its attack a7id confederacy in 1801. Copenhagen, its localities, trade and navigation ; the transit trade, monies, weights, and measures. 16 CHAPTER V. Elsineiir; remarks on the toll paid there ^ the wars it formerly occasioned, prudence of merchaiits fixing agents there to transact their business. Duties on merchandise passing through the Sound. 83 CHAPTER \T. Norway ; its extent ajid productions ; iron and copper mines; salt works ; fisheries^ quantity caught and exported in 1790. Alphabetical list of the principal Norwegian ports. 95 CHAPTER VII. Commercial institutions in Denmark ; its bank, Asia- tic company. West India company. Sea Insurance company, transit trade. Salvage Company and regu- lations. State of Danish shipping. Trade and na- vigation of Britain with Denmark. 104 CHAPTER VIII. Baltic Trade; state at the commencement of the French revolution in imports and exports ; the share France had of it. Quantity of articles exported from the Baltic, Value, ^c. Imports and exports of Great Britain to andfrom the Baltic. Trade and naviga- tion of Great Britain zvith the Baltic, ^'c, 1 1 -1- BOOK VI. CHAPTER I. Of Germany in general; remarks on the trade and navigation of the rivers Elbe, JVeser, and E?ns.— Descriptioji of the Silesian and German linens, ex- ported bxf loay of Hamburg and Bremen. 125 CHAPTER II. Of the river Elbe, its communication with other rivers and the interior; how it might be extended. Of Hamburg; its localities; sketch of its late and pre- sent state ; list of ships arrived tliere in 1802; tolls and duties payable there ; colonial produce imported in several years. Linen brought into Hdmburg. The bank. Grain imported and exported. British factory. Monies, weights, and measures. Channels by lohich the trade of Hamburg is carried on during the blockade. Goods imported into Hamburg. 138 CHAPTER in. Of the river JFeser, and other rivers fa lli?7g into it. Manner in zvhich the trade of Bremen is carried on during the present blockade, by means of the river Jahde. Of Bjxmen ; its localities ; its trade; tran- sit duties, S'c. money, zvcights, and measures. 179 CHAPTER IV. Of the river Ems. lis short interior communication. The Dollart; convenierU situation for Dutch trade. Of Embdeny a free port; its trade ; estahlislimeiit forfisheries i mnnber of vessels arriving ; increasing trade, arising from the blockade of the rivers Elbe and Weser; monies, weights, and measures. 185 CHAPTER V. Observations on the blockade of the rivers , Elbe and Weser. Channels of trade in consequence thereof Imports and exports of Great Britain to and from Germany. Trade and navigation. Similar parti- culars of Holland. \ 90 BOOK VII. CHAPTER I. Preliminary matter relative to BritisJi commerce with the North of Europe, replaced by the cultivation of the internal resources of Great Britaiii and Ire- land. 197 CHAPTER 11. General view of the trade, navigation, manufactures, and finances of Great Britain and Ireland. 204 CHAPTER III. Definition and general observations relative to the re- sources of Great Britain and Ireland. 225 CHAPTER IV. Of the Corn Trade. 238 CHAPTER V. Of the fisheriesy oil, and tallow. 255 CHAPTER VI. Of wood. Our domestic growth. Supplies from Bri- tish American Plantations. Of Pitch and Tar. Quantity imported. 269 CHAPTER VII. Of iron, c? an increasing resource. A comparison be- tween the manufacture of it in this country, and in Russia and Sweden. 284- CHAPTER VIIT Of hemp and flax. 294 CHAPTER IX. Of the British linen manufacture. Of the quantity exportedfrom Ireland. Exported for sale in Scot- land. Foreign imported. Of the cotton manufac- ture. 307 CHAPTER X. Conclusion. Importance of the subject relative to all ranks of society. Recapitulation of what is to be done, the manner of doing it, and the necessity of doing it soon. 819 f BOOK rv\ CHAPTER 1. OF SWEDEN IN GENERAL. its Boundaries and Seas. Its Mines of Irony Copper^ Goldy Silver, qnd Lead. Its ProduBion in Tar^ Pitchy and Timber. Fishery ManufaBures, Lakes y and Canals. SWEDEN has never been a country very famous for its commerce, or for power by sea. It has not, like Den- mark, infested the coasts of distant nations, though it has a great extent of coast and many harbours, but, since the time of Gustavus Vasa, it has enjoyed a considerable power by land, and has had several great princes: its present revives the va- lour and renown of his ancestors. In none of the neighbouring countries are the people so free as in the Swedish dominions, and consequently, individual ease and comfort amongst the lower classes is greater than in Rus- sia or Poland; but, in proportion as the expenses necessary to carry on war and maintain armies have increased, Sweden, as well as Denmark, of which the extent and population do not admit of large revenues, have sunk in political importance. Sweden Proper is bounded on the north by Norwegian Lap- land ; on the east by Russia ; on the south bv the Baltic sea Vol. II. 2 10 and the Gulph of Finland ; and on the west by the Categate, Scagerrack, and Norway The Isle of Rugen is included in Swedish Pomerania, which is bounded by the Baltic sea, Meck- lenburg, and Prussian Pomerania. There are no great rivers in Sweden of any note, except the Gotha; but it abounds with lakes, the most considerable of which will be noticed in describing the' interior navigation of the kingdom. We shall have reason to observe the unfortunate conse- quences that arise to a nation, in modern times, when its reve- nues are too small, and subject it to foreign influence, while the sovereign is unable, on that account, to give that protection and encouragement to manufactures and commerce, without which they do not succeed in a country that happens to be behind hand with others. There are some important observations to be made on this point, and there is no place more proper to introduce them than in speaking of Sweden. When a country happens to be the first in manufactures or commerce, the gain resulting from their efforts is so great that merely to begin is all that is wanted; but, when others have got before them, the gain is inconsiderable, and the competi- tion difficult; and there are various enterprises which cannot be followed with success by individuals. In fine climates, and where the country is fertile, where na- ture does much, arid man has little to do, nothing but a bad government, corrupted manners, and absolute indolence, can prevent a people from becoming affluent ; but, in a country like Sweden, where it is necessary to dig mines, and to over- come the sterility of nature, even in the common operations of agriculture, it is impossible to live without industry, or to be able to procure affluence for which it is necessary ; in the first instance, to sink money in undertakings that require a great outlay before there is any return, as in the case where mines or woods constitute the chief produce of a country.* Individuals who are poor can do nothing, and those who are rich are few, and, if they are prudent, will not risk what they have on enterprises that may reduce them to beggary, and when there is so little resource.
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