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Gí O. W. CíiOCKl ií, M\ WA(HINUIOND(>tCL I>TMD:tT«iCI.M»CMiGAI» Q A"A'*J 11)1 LOMOWORTHBUILDINO WASHtNGTOH D.C ÍOtl» pO2>22fr-32tt JUDICIARY Bnitcfl Congress of the States D COHGHTSWOHAL MJMCI CENTtft. «EUCT COMMITTEI |4O IWOODWARD AVENUE ON AGING ftonse of TUpreßtntatiDts ISMCAT LAKES BMUMNO) dcthoct. michioan «izo* B.C- 20515 CSlJ)t7*-4»00 August 15, 1986 MEMO to: Congressman Crockett fr: Ted, Kelly re: Update List of Co-Sponsors for.H. Res. 373 . (108) Gary Ackerman BillFrenzel Carl Pursell Michael Barnes Robert Garcia Nick Rahall Jim Bates Richard Gephardt Charles Rangel Berkley Bedell Ben Gilman Harry Reid Anthony Beilenson Henry Gonzalez BillRichardson Charles Bennett William Gray Peter Rod±no, Jr. Howard Berman . Augustus Hawkins Gus Savage Mario Biaggi Charles Hayes James Scheuer Lindy Boggs James Howard Patricia Schroeder David Bonior Steny Hoyer John Seiberling Barbara Boxer Andrew Jacobs , Jr. Gerry Silcorski George Brown, Jr. James Jeffords Ike Skelton Sala Burton Robert Kastenmeier Olympia Snowe William Clay Barbara Kennelly Stephen Solar z William Clinger Dale Kildee Louis Stokes Cardiss Collins Gerald Kléczka Gerry Studds Silvio Conte Peter Kostmayer Fofo Sun±a John Conyers, Jr. Tom Lantos Edolphus Towns William Coyne Jim Leach Bob Traxler Robert Davis Mickey Leiand Morris Udall Ronald Dellums Sander Levin Bruce Vento Ron deLugo Mcl Levine Doug Walgren John Dingell Mike Lowry Henry Haxman Julian Dixon Stan Lundine James Weaver Thomas Downey Matthew Martinez Ted Weiss Bernard Dwyer Robert Matsui Alan Wheat Mervyn Dymally Nicholas Mavroules Pat Williams Dennis Eckart Barbara Mikulski Howard Wolpe Don Edwards George Miller Ron Wyden Walter Fauntroy Norman Mineta Dante Fascell Parren 24itchell Alton Waldon Vie Fazio Bruce Morrison Edward Feighan Robert Mrazek Hamilton Fish f Jr. Stephen Neal Thomas Foglietta Mary Rose Oakar Thomas Foley James Oberstar Harold Ford Major Owens William Ford Leon Panetta Barney Frank Claude Pepper.

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Appendix File Anes 1988‐1992 Merged Senate File
Version 03 Codebook ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE ANES 1988‐1992 MERGED SENATE FILE USER NOTE: Much of his file has been converted to electronic format via OCR scanning. As a result, the user is advised that some errors in character recognition may have resulted within the text. MASTER CODES: The following master codes follow in this order: PARTY‐CANDIDATE MASTER CODE CAMPAIGN ISSUES MASTER CODES CONGRESSIONAL LEADERSHIP CODE ELECTIVE OFFICE CODE RELIGIOUS PREFERENCE MASTER CODE SENATOR NAMES CODES CAMPAIGN MANAGERS AND POLLSTERS CAMPAIGN CONTENT CODES HOUSE CANDIDATES CANDIDATE CODES >> VII. MASTER CODES ‐ Survey Variables >> VII.A. Party/Candidate ('Likes/Dislikes') ? PARTY‐CANDIDATE MASTER CODE PARTY ONLY ‐‐ PEOPLE WITHIN PARTY 0001 Johnson 0002 Kennedy, John; JFK 0003 Kennedy, Robert; RFK 0004 Kennedy, Edward; "Ted" 0005 Kennedy, NA which 0006 Truman 0007 Roosevelt; "FDR" 0008 McGovern 0009 Carter 0010 Mondale 0011 McCarthy, Eugene 0012 Humphrey 0013 Muskie 0014 Dukakis, Michael 0015 Wallace 0016 Jackson, Jesse 0017 Clinton, Bill 0031 Eisenhower; Ike 0032 Nixon 0034 Rockefeller 0035 Reagan 0036 Ford 0037 Bush 0038 Connally 0039 Kissinger 0040 McCarthy, Joseph 0041 Buchanan, Pat 0051 Other national party figures (Senators, Congressman, etc.) 0052 Local party figures (city, state, etc.) 0053 Good/Young/Experienced leaders; like whole ticket 0054 Bad/Old/Inexperienced leaders; dislike whole ticket 0055 Reference to vice‐presidential candidate ? Make 0097 Other people within party reasons Card PARTY ONLY ‐‐ PARTY CHARACTERISTICS 0101 Traditional Democratic voter: always been a Democrat; just a Democrat; never been a Republican; just couldn't vote Republican 0102 Traditional Republican voter: always been a Republican; just a Republican; never been a Democrat; just couldn't vote Democratic 0111 Positive, personal, affective terms applied to party‐‐good/nice people; patriotic; etc.
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Children's Fears of War. Hearing Before the Select. Committee On
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 247 009 PS 014 461 TITLE -Children's Fears of War. Hearing before the Select. ,-, Committee on Chilcren, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. PUB DATE 20 Sep 83 , NOTE 139p.; Small print would not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROMSuperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (Stock No. 052-070-05913-3, $4.00). ,PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) EDRS PRICE MF01 Plus Postage. PC Not Available Irom EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Affective Behavior; *Childhood Attitudes; *Childhood Needs; *Fear; Hearings; *Nuclear Warfare; Social Development; *Social Responsibility IDENTIFIERS Congress 98th ABSTRACT The hearing reported in this document was held to learn more about children's fears of war. Appearing before the committee were doctors, researchers, and child development experts whose testimony focused on what children worry about, the changing nature of children's fears of war, and the implications of children's attitudes for parents and society. Also heard were children, youth, and parents who voiced their concerns about nuclear war. Incltded in the document are papers and research reports, includinij (I)an exploration, of some difficulties inherent in understanding possible effects of the threat of nuclear war on children, (2)a study of how children learn the principles of community, and (3) a study of children's responses to the nuclear arms debate. (RH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions_supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** CHILDREN'S FEARS OF WAR U.S.
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New York City Adventure “One If by Land, and Two If by Sea”
NYACK COLLEGE HOMECOMING NEW YORK CITY ADVENTURE “ONE IF BY LAND, AND TWO IF BY SEA” 1 READE S T REE T WASHINGTON MARKET C PARK H G CIV I C T E URC W REE E C E N T E R O ROCKEFELLER C H A M B ERS S T REE T R PARK T E T R K R S RE A T S P N H L WE N W O N R W A RRE N S T REE T S DIS O A A M I C H E R P T T S H R I RE T 2 V E TRI B E C A N E R D AVEN W E T E N K F O R T S T R E CITY O F R A MSURRA YB ST REE T T E HALL BR E T SP W T R O RR PARK R K R O KLY ASHI A L RE O P A U N A P A R K P L A C E S P R U C E S B E D O V E R C RID N A E N G A E S T E MURR A Y S T REE T G T RE RE D D E T E T T T E T 3 Y O E W E N B T B A RCL A Y STREE T E T RE E E LL K M A E T A A N T S S T E RE E RE TRE Y T T S RE M T S R L A P E A I A C K S L L E E L H P I L D I P V ESEY S T REE T E R S T R E T A N N S T R E E T O T W G B EE A T N 4 K W W M A N ES FUL T O N STREE T FRO FU 5 H T C L D E Y T T W O RLD W O RLD T R A D E O S FINA N C I A L C E N T ER SI T E DU F N F T C E N T E R J O H N T S T R E CLI RE E T E T S O U T H S T R E E T T C O R T L A N D T Y E E E S E A P O R T Pier 17 A E M J O T A IDEN E PL H N S T A T T R W S T R R RE N O R T H L E T E E A N T T C O V E D E PEARL STRE T S A T S L I B ERT Y S T REE T LIBER FL W GREENWICH S E R T O T C H Y E R Pedestrian A U S T Bridge S I RE E T H N M CEDA R CED A R S T REE T A I M N BR AID I A S G E T N I T C E L S D A O Y T H A M E S A R S T N L R E E N E T T B AT T E R Y A S L A L B A N Y S T REE T T P O E S RE I PA R K N P U I N E S T T L R E E T T RE E P I N W E CIT Y H A E T T E RE CARLISLE S T REE T T
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Retired United States Congressmen from the State of Michigan
Retired United States Congressmen from the State of Michigan Submitted by Joshua Koss To The Honors College Oakland University In partial fulfillment of the requirement to graduate from The Honors College 1 Abstract Conventional wisdom in the study of members of Congress, pioneered by Richard Fenno, argues that one of the chief goals of elected officials is their reelection. However, this theory does not account for those who willingly retire from Congress. Who are these former members and what activities do they pursue once they leave office? To answer the first question, this project analyzes data on retired members of Congress from the state of Michigan regarding the years they served, party identification, and their age of retirement. The second and perhaps more interesting question in this research, examines the post-congressional careers of former members of Congress and whether their new line of work has any connections with their time in Congress through committee assignments and issue advocacy. In addition to quantitative analysis of the attributes of former members and their post-congressional careers, a qualitative analysis is conducted through a comparative case study of retired Senator Donald Riegle and former Representative Mike Rogers. This aspect of the study more closely examines their respective career paths through congress and post-congressional vocations. 2 Introduction In 1974, Democratic Congresswoman Martha Griffiths announced her retirement from the House of Representatives citing her age, 62, as a key motivation for the decision. After this, Griffiths would serve two terms as Michigan Lieutenant Governor before being dropped off the ticket, at the age of 78, due to concerns about her age, a claim she deemed “ridiculous” (“Griffiths, Martha Wright”).
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R0270'11 LSB Research Services Division CC
The Speaker, on behalf of the entire membership of the House of Representatives, offered the following resolution: House Resolution No. 157. A resolution of tribute offered as a memorial for Howard Wolpe, former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives. Whereas, The members of the legislative body were saddened to learn of the passing of Howard Wolpe, a gentleman who served his community, state, and nation most effectively and in many different capacities. His intellect, passion for public service, and vision touched lives in Michigan and across the world, and the example he set will not soon be forgotten; and Whereas, A graduate of Reed College who earned a doctorate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Howard Wolpe came to Michigan to teach at Western Michigan University. He soon became involved in civic affairs in Kalamazoo, serving on the city commission, where he championed fair housing laws for low-income citizens. In 1973, he brought his talents and principles to Lansing. In his two terms as a state legislator, he was a strong advocate on environmental issues; and Whereas, In 1978, he was elected to Congress, where he earned great respect for his effectiveness working on behalf of his constituents. As the chair of the House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa for several years, Congressman Wolpe was widely acknowledged for his expertise on issues involving Africa. He was an early and articulate advocate of U.S. policies to combat apartheid. After his tenure in Congress, he continued to represent our country in this continent as a diplomat to Africa in both the Clinton and the Obama administrations; and Whereas, While Howard Wolpe's varied public life, including serving as his party's candidate for governor in 1994, spanned a wide range of responsibilities and skills, the distinguishing feature of his life and career is contained in a single ideal – his deep personal commitment to serving others.
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1991-05-09 John Laware Testimony to Committee on Banking.Pdf
ECONOMIC IMPUCATIONS OF THE "TOO BIG TO FAIL" POLICY HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ECONOMIC STABILIZATION OF THE COMMITTEE ON BANKING, FINANCE AND UEBAN AFFAIKS HOUSE OF KEPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MAY 9, 1991 Printed for the use of the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs Serial No. 102-31 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402 ISBN 0-16-035335-1 HOUSE COMMITTEE ON BANKING, FINANCE AND URBAN AFFAIRS HENRY B. GONZALEZ, Texas, Chairman FRANK ANNUNZIO, Illinois CHALMERS P. WYLIE, Ohio STEPHEN L. NEAL, North Carolina JIM LEACH, Iowa CARROLL HUBBARD, JR., Kentucky BILL McCOLLUM, Florida JOHN J. LAFALCE, New York MARGE ROUKEMA, New Jersey MARY ROSE OAKAR, Ohio DOUG BEREUTER, Nebraska BRUCE F. VENTO, Minnesota THOMAS J. RIDGE, Pennsylvania DOUG BARNARD, JR., Georgia TOBY ROTH, Wisconsin CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York ALFRED A. (AL) McCANDLESS, California BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts RICHARD H. BAKER, Louisiana BEN ERDREICH, Alabama CLIFF STEARNS, Florida THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware PAUL E. GILLMOR, Ohio ESTEBAN EDWARD TORRES, California BILL PAXON, New York GERALD D. KLECZKA, Wisconsin JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania TOM CAMPBELL, California EUZABETH J. PATTERSON, South Carolina MEL HANCOCK, Missouri JOSEPH P. KENNEDY II, Massachusetts FRANK D. RIGGS, California FLOYD H. FLAKE, New York JIM NUSSLE, Iowa KWEISI MFUME, Maryland RICHARD K. ARMEY, Texas PETER HOAGLAND, Nebraska CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming RICHARD E. NEAL, Massachusetts CHARLES J. LUKEN, Ohio BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont MAXINE WATERS, California LARRY LAROCCO, Idaho BILL ORTON, Utah JIM BACCHUS, Florida JAMES P.
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Michigan Catholic Conference 2002 Congressional Candidate Questionnaire
Volume 30, Number 3 September, 2002 Michigan Catholic Conference 2002 Congressional Candidate Questionnaire …Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Declaration of Independence One of the most important duties of an American citizen is casting a ballot in an election. This November, Michigan’s citizens will be voting to select the fifteen representatives and one senator who will be responsible for making sure the voices of the people of Michigan are heard in the United States Congress. In order to help the voters of Michigan make an informed choice about their representation in Washington, D.C., the Michigan Catholic Conference has solicited the positions of the thirty Democratic and Republican candidates for the U.S. House and Senate on a variety of issues. We are pleased to make their answers available to you. Questionnaires were sent to the congressional and senate candidates from the major parties in early September 2002. Candidates were asked to mark whether their position was in support of, or in opposition to, the subject of questions found on pages two and three. Candidates were also given the opportunity of noting where they had no position on an issue. In some cases, candidates provided comments or answers on questions unsolicited by the Michigan Catholic Conference. Because the MCC candidate questionnaire did not include a spe- cific area for comment, these unsolicited comments and additions have not been reproduced here. The comments of the candidates will be provided upon request. The Michigan Catholic Conference does not endorse or oppose any candidates, under any circumstances, and no inference of endorsement or opposition should be concluded as a result of information provided in this issue of FOCUS.
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Campaign Trips (4)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 32, folder “Campaign Trips (4)” of the Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Ron Nessen donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Digitized from Box 32 of The Ron Nessen Papers at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library i MO:i\JJA Y - NOVEMBER I, 1976 AKRON-CANTON, OHIO ! E vent No. 1 RALLY- Firestone Hangar, 1 Akron- c~nton Airport. REMARKS. COLUMBUS, OHIO Event No. 2 RALLY - State Capitol Steps. REMARKS. Event No. 3 Drop-By Fort Hayes Career Center. Visit various work/training labs. REMARKS to Student Body. LIVONIA, MICHIGAN ' . Event No. 4 RALLY - Wonderland Center (Shopping Mall) - REMARKS. GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN Event No. 5 WELCOMING PARADE. Event No. 6 Dedication o£ the Gerald R. Ford Health and Physical Education Building at Grand Rapids Junior C~llege. REMARKS. THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON CAMPAIGN SWING AKRON-CANTON, OHIO COLUMBUS, OHIO LIVONIA, MICHIGAN GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN MONDAY- NOVEMBER 1, 1976 DAY# 10 First Event: 9:45A.M.
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EXTENSIONS of REMARKS February 20, 1991 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
3854 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 20, 1991 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS NATIONAL RECYCLING RESOURCE States and several national parks that require comprehensive recycling, contending that a ACT INTRODUCED them by law. deposit law will hamper curbside recycling pro But, a new General Accounting Office grams by removing the most valuable scrap [GAO] report says that, faced with a growing materials in the waste stream. They argue that HON. PAUL B. HENRY solid waste dilemma, litter problems, and tight curbside recycling programs need the revenue OF MICHIGAN budget constraints, a national deposit system from the sale of bottles and cans to pay for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES could "play a significant role in helping the Na operating costs. Even though curbside recy Wednesday, February 20, 1991 tion meet EPA's 25 percent solid waste reduc cling programs rely almost entirely on govern tion goal." Further, the report underlines the ment subsidies to offset both operating and Mr. HENRY. Mr. Speaker, today I am intro fact that more than 70 percent of Americans capital costs, this argument has provided polit ducing the National Recycling Resource Act of say it is time for the entire Nation to return to ical cover for a number of Members who might 1991. a commonsense, reuse-and-recycle deposit otherwise support a national deposit law. But With the forthcoming reauthorization of the system. Ironically, the same industries that in the GAO analysis destroys this argument. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act vented the returnable refund system continue The GAO report makes it clear that all nine [RCRA], we will soon be examining proposals to exert their special interest political power to deposit-law States have successful curbside that seek to ease our Nation's growing solid block deposit legislation.
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E Helsinki Forum and East-West Scientific Exchange
[E HELSINKI FORUM AND EAST-WEST SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGE JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND THE Sul COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE NINETY-SIXTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JANUARY 31, 1980 [No. 89] (Committee on Science and Technology) ted for the use of the Committee on Science and Technology and the Committee on Foreign Affairs U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 421 0 WASHINGTON: 1980 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DON FUQUA, Florida, Chairman ROBERT A. ROE, New Jersey JOHN W. WYDLER, New York MIKE McCORMACK, Washington LARRY WINN. JR., Kansas GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., California BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR., California JAMES H. SCHEUER, New York HAMILTON FISH, JS., New York RICHARD L. OTTINGER, New York MANUEL LUJAN, JR., New Mexico TOM HARKIN, Iowa HAROLD C. HOLLENBECK, New Jersey JIM LLOYD, California ROBERT K. DORNAN, California JEROME A. AMBRO, New York ROBERT S. WALKER, Pennsylvania MARILYN LLOYD BOUQUARD, Tennessee EDWIN B. FORSYTHE, NeW Jersey JAMES J. BLANCHARD, Michigan KEN KRAMER, Colorado DOUG WALGREN, Pennsylvania WILLIAM CARNEY, New York RONNIE G. FLIPPO, Alabama ROBERT W. DAVIS, Michigan DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas TOBY ROTH, Wisconsin ALBERT GORE, JR., Tennessee DONALD LAWRENCE RITTER, WES WATKINS, Oklahoma Pennsylvania ROBERT A. YOUNG, Missouri BILL ROYER, California RICHARD C. WHITE, Texas HAROLD L. VOLKMER, Missouri DONALD J. PEASE, Ohio HOWARD WOLPE, Michigan NICHOLAS MAVROULES, Massachusetts BILL NELSON, Florida BERYL ANTHONY, JR., Arkansas STANLEY N. LUNDINE, New York ALLEN E.
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THUMB'' EVENT BRIEF the AREA: Almost Entirely Agricultural. The
This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas http://dolearchives.ku.edu MICHIGAN "THUMB'' EVENT BRIEF THE AREA: Almost entirely agricultural. The chief products in the area are navy beans (USED IN SENATE BEAN SOUP) sugar beets and corn. Sanilac County has a higher degree of dairy farming than Tuscola or Huron. THE ISSUES: The chief issue in the "thumb" is the farm crisis. The price of land is down. Farmers are receiving low prices for farm products. Production costs are high. Farm implement dealers are also in an economic crisis. A recent survey of agricultural bankers showed that the dollar values of ''good" farmland in Michigan's Lower Peninsula, which includes the Thumb, showed a 3 percent drop in the first quarter of 1986. The survey also indicated that the 3 percent decline in the first quarter compares to a 10 percent decline for the past year from April '85 to April '86. The survey confirms that the rate of decline in farmland values has slowed. The survey of 500 agricultural bankers was conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank's Chicago-based Seventh district. The district includes Michigan, Indiana, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois. THE POLITICS: About 500 precinct delegate candidates from Huron, Tuscola, and Sanilac counties will attend tonight's fundraiser. About 350 precinct delegates will be elected from the Thumb area. Many delegate candidates have not made up their minds as to which presidential candidate they prefer. Many, since this is a heavy agricultural area, are waiting to hear you before they make a decision.
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Appendix File 1987 Pilot Study (1987.Pn)
Page 1 of 189 Version 01 Codebook ------------------- CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE 1987 PILOT STUDY (1987.PN) USER NOTE: This file has been converted to electronic format via OCR scanning. As as result, the user is advised that some errors in character recognition may have resulted within the text. >> OPEN-END RESPONSES FOR THE 1987 PILOT WAVES 1 AND 2 N.B. 1. The first part of this section is a memo by John Zaller, "Cognitive Responses to Survey Questions" which documents and discusses the coding scheme for the cognitive experiments on the Pilot Study. Those who plan to use these data should, without fail, read this memo. 2. The Zaller memo is followed by the open-end master codes: a) direction of response b) emotional intensity and elaboration of thought c) Frame of reference and content code 3. Numerous variables refer to PF 10. PF 10 is a function key used by CATI interviewers in recording comments of respondents. These side comments have been coded for this study. 4. In Wave 2 variables, respondents who were interviewed in Wave 1 but not re-interviewed in Wave 2 have had data variables padded with O's. This is not explicitly stated in the variable documentation. COGNITIVE RESPONSES TO SURVEY QUESTIONS The 1987 Pilot study carried a series of questions designed to elicit information about what is on people's minds as they respond to survey questions. The basic method was to ask individuals a standard policy question and then to use open-ended probes tofind out what exactly the individual thought about that issue.
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