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A New Record and Redescription of Acanthochitona Crinita (Pennant, 1777) from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast

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A New Record and Redescription of Acanthochitona Crinita (Pennant, 1777) from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast SPIXIANA 38 2 169-185 München, Dezember 2015 ISSN 0341-8391 A new record and redescription of Acanthochitona crinita (Pennant, 1777) from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) Plamen G. Mitov Mitov, P. G. 2015. A new record and redescription of Acanthochitona crinita (Pen- nant, 1777) from the Bulgarian Black Sea coast (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). Spixi- ana 38 (2): 169-185. The chiton species Acanthochitona crinita (Pennant, 1777) is newly recorded from the Bulgarian sector of the Black Sea and is redescribed. New morphological, eco- logical, and chorological data about the Acanthochitona crinita populations from the Black Sea are provided. The differences between Acanthochitona crinita and A. fas- cicularis (Linnaeus, 1767) are clarified. Plamen G. Mitov, Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia. 8 Dragan Zankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction & Matekin 1988, Anistratenko & Anistratenko 2001, Demmir 2003, Revkov 2003, Mazlumyan et al. 2003, Between 1989 and 2014 zoological material was 2004, Gönlügür-Demirci & Katagan 2004, Revkov & extensively collected in the rocky sublittoral bio- Sergeeva 2004, Demirci 2005, Çulha et al. 2007, 2010, coenosis of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. While and Gozler et al. 2010). paying attention to diverse invertebrate groups and The apparent lack of detailed information on especially to epibionts on diverse hard substrates Acanthochitona crinita from the Black Sea stimulated (such as concrete tetrapods, stones, shells, plastic the inclusion of extensive information on the mor- debris) a few specimens of Acanthochitona crinita phology and the ecology of the species. Moreover, (Pennant, 1777), a species previously unknown to while identifying the Acanthochitona crinita material the Bulgarian malacofauna, were collected. and comparing it to specimens of a similar species Until now, this species has been only reported (Acanthochitona fascicularis) some discrepancies in by Van Belle (1983-1986: fig. 105) for the Ukrainian the Russian and Ukrainian literature were observed, Black Sea coast and for the Bosporus region (Fig. 1). where the characters of A. fascicularis are systemati- Nevertheless, the literature dealing with the Black cally confused with these of A. crinita. Because these Sea fauna contains information solely about another literature sources are still used for determination representative of this genus – the great bristly chiton of malacological samples from the Black Sea, the Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767). This spe- most important taxonomical/morphological traits cies has been mentioned by many authors for the for both species are summarised and the data on Black Sea shores of Romania, Ukraine, Georgia, and their distribution throughout the Black Sea basin is Turkey (Fig. 2) (Ulyanin 1872 (after Anistratenko & reviewed in the hope of providing an update to the Anistratenko 2001), Milashevich 1909 (after Anistra- information on the morphology and chorology of tenko & Anistratenko 2001), Zernov 1913, Milashe- these related species and to facilitate their reliable vich 1916, Bekman 1940, Yakovleva 1952, Bacescu identification in the future. et al. 1971, Starobogatov 1972, Müller 1973, Vlastov 169 Fig. 1. Distribution map of Acanthochitona crinita (Pen- Fig. 2. Distribution map of Acanthochitona fascicularis nant, 1777) in the Black Sea. Localities: 1, region of (Linnaeus, 1767) in the Black Sea based on literature re- Kamen Bryag village (Bulgaria); 2, resort Sts Constantine cords. Localities: Crimea: 1, Sevastopol Bay; 2, Juzh- and Helena (Bulgaria); 3, city of Akhtopol (Bulgaria); naya buhta (= Juzhnaya Bay); 3, Lisya Bay; 4, in the 4, Bosporus region (Turkey); 5, Tuapse: on Cliff Slyoz region of Karadag biological station, on Ivan Razboynik- (= cliff Kiselyova) (Russia); 6, west-southwest Crimean rock. Georgia: 5, Sukhumi shore. Turkey: 6, Rize shore; region (? Sevastopol). A, Sea of Azov; B, Black Sea; 7, Sinop coastline. 8, near Romanian-Ukrainian Black M, Sea of Marmara. , literature records; , present Sea coast (the exact locality position is unknown). A, Sea data. For literature records see sources in “Chorological of Azov; B, Black Sea; M, Sea of Marmara (from the data”, Discussion part. literature; for references see “Introduction”). Material and methods shells (approximately 1000-1250 specimens of 160-200 g each; T. Stoyanov, pers. comm.) were sampled. Collecting sites and effort Below is the list of sites (in order from north to south) where the newly recorded chiton was sampled; It is known that the chitons occurring in the Black Sea for each site, the number of collected and examined are petrophilous species, common in shallow water Rapana venosa shells is provided: (Marinov 1990, Hubenov 2005, 2007a,b).Therefore col- lecting efforts were focussed mainly on the rocky sublit- Northern Bulgarian Black Sea coast toral, with a total of 29 sites sampled (25 sites along the Site No 1: SW of Kamen Bryag village, Archaeological northern Black Sea coast and 4 along the southern Black Reserve Yailata. 43°25'31.63" N, 28°31'52.52" E (Fig. 26), Sea coast). rocky bottom, 02.VIII.2010, depth 1-3 m, leg. Plamen At each locality a minimum of 15 stones were gath- Mitov (PM) & Zahari Petkov: 51 specimens Rapana ered from depths between 0.4 and 2.0 m, and examined venosa (h/w: 5.5/4.5 - 9.0/7.0 cm) ; 15.VIII.2010, depth on land for the presence of epibionts; the stones had 0.5-1.5 m, leg. PM: stones checking. dimensions suitable for collecting and subsequent han- dling – i. e. with sizes between 0.09 × 0.20 × 0.08 and Site No 2: Sts Constantine and Helena resort. Interna- “ ” 0.5 × 0.2 × 0.2 m, and weight below 15 kg. It was found tional Home of Scientists Frederic Joliot-Curie beach that except on stones, chitons may often be collected on (Joliot-Curie beach) (Fig. 27), 43°13'47.54" N, 28°00'55.00" E, the shells of Rapana venosa Valenciennes, 1846, so the sandy bottom, on rocks and on breakwater rocks, collecting efforts were also focused at recovering some leg. PM, 01.VII.2002, depth 1-2.5 m: 205 specimens veined whelks as well. The latter were lighter and less Rapana venosa; 25.-29.VI.2004, depth 1-1.5 m: stones voluminous than the stones where chitons occur, with checking; 26.VI.-14.VII.2005, depth 0.4-1 m: stones shell and body wet weight ranging from 46.0 g to 553.9 g checking; depth 2-4 m: 348 specimens Rapana venosa; (see Gollasch 2006) which were much more easily and 03.VIII.2008, depth 1-2 m: 128 specimens Rapana venosa convenient to collect and handle. Additionally, other (h/w: 2.1/1.5 - 9.0/6.5 cm); 25.VII.-10.VIII.2009, depth hard substrates, i. e. concrete tetrapods, empty bivalve 1-2.5 m: 130 specimens Rapana venosa plus one empty shells, plastic pieces, were also examined for chitons by R. venosa shell; 14.VIII.2010, depth 1-4 m: 158 specimens snorkelling (free-diving). Only the Rapana venosa shells Rapana venosa (h/w: 4.0/2.8 - 8.3/6.0 cm) and 5 empty from the shore of Bulgarevo village [locality of Dulboka R. venosa shells; 11.-16.VII.2011, depth 1-4 m: 122 (the mussel farm)] and Akhtopol city were taken by specimens Rapana venosa (h/w: 5.0/3.2 - 9.0/6.5 cm); scuba-diving from 10-24 m depth. Altogether 420 stones 20.VII. 2011, depth 2-4 m: 73 specimens Rapana venosa and 3185 Rapana venosa shells from the northern Black (h/w: 4.3/3.2 - 8.5/6.5 cm) and stones checking; Sea coast were examined for chitons, while on the south- 10.IX.2011, depth 1-3 m: 76 specimens Rapana venosa; ern Black Sea coast 45 stones and 200 kg Rapana venosa 04.X.2011, depth 2-4 m: 46 specimens Rapana venosa 170 (h/w: 5.2/4.0 - 8.0/5.5 cm); 03.VIII.2012, depth 2-4 m: The collected chiton material was preserved in 75 % 110 specimens Rapana venosa (h/w: 4.5/3.0 - 8.5/6.6 cm); ethanol and is deposited in the personal malacological 19.VII.-07.VIII.2013, depth 1.5-2 m: 63 specimens Rapa- collection of the author (CPM, see “Symbols and ab- na venosa (h/w: 4.0/2.9 - 8.3/6.8 cm) and stones check- breviations used” below). All the measurements were ing. made under a MBS-9 stereoscopic binocular microscope (JSC “Lytkarino Optical Glass Factory”, Russia) and a Southern Bulgarian Black Sea coast Zeiss microscope equipped with an ocular micrometer. Site No 3: Akhtopol. 42°06'23.82" N, 27°56'43.84" E, The rhachidian teeth were measured according to the 300 m opposite the old Greek school (Fig. 28), approx. scheme in Fig. 24h. Chitons were photographed under 200 kg Rapana venosa (estimated approximately 1000- an Olympus BX41 SZ61 stereo microscope with a 1250 specimens) have been hand-collected by scuba- mounted Olympus Colour View 1 digital camera. Digi- diver Mr. Todor Stoyanov (city of Ahtopol) from rocky tal images captured at different focal planes were as- bottom, covered with Mytilus galloprovincialis at depths sembled using the Combine ZM application. Light mi- ranging from 18 to 24 m; these shells have been kindly croscope-photos of the radula were taken with a Canon checked for epibionts by Dr. Zdravko Hubenov PowerShot A520 digital camera through the oculars of (NMNHS). the Zeiss microscope. To investigate the spicule morphology, parts of the Acanthochitona crinita material perinotum in fixated chitons were carefully cut off. Some of these, after rinsing with distilled water and Northern Bulgarian Black Sea coast 1 dehydrated for /2 hour in 95 % and 100 % alcohol, were Site No 1: (Figs 1, 26), depth 1 m, under stones (among used for the SEM investigation, while others after clean- 15 stones), 15.VIII.2010, leg.
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