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Aquatic Invasions (2011) Volume 6, Issue 3: 249–262 doi: 10.3391/ai.2011.6.3.02 Open Access

© 2011 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2011 REABIC

Research Article

The arrival and spread of the bloom-forming, freshwater diatom, Didymosphenia geminata, in

Cathy Kilroy* and Martin Unwin National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 8602, Christchurch, New Zealand E-mail: [email protected] (СK), [email protected] (MU) *Corresponding author

Received: 26 November 2010 / Accepted: 15 April 2011 / Published online: 13 May 2011

Online article is available at http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2011/AI_2011_6_3_Kilroy_Unwin.pdf

Supplementary material

Appendix 1. Records of Didymosphenia geminata in the , New Zealand, 2004-2009, showing the date of first detection for each site. Sites (identified by a unique Site ID) are ordered by catchment, proceeding clockwise from the northernmost point of the South Island.

Site ID Waterway name Latitude, S Longitude, E Date 165 Takaka River -41º01'53" 172º47'54" 25/01/2007 166 Takaka River -40º53'06" 172º48'34" 25/01/2007 167 Takaka River -41º02'27" 172º47'18" 25/01/2007 6 Anatoki River -40º53'03" 172º45'47" 8/01/2009 7 Anatoki River -40º53'14" 172º43'48" 21/01/2009 187 Waingaro River -40º53'18" 172º48'03" 21/01/2009 31 Cobb River -41º07'45" 172º36'47" 11/12/2007 115 Motueka River -41º05'57" 173º00'07" 7/02/2007 116 Motueka River -41º15'35" 172º49'20" 10/09/2007 12 Baton River -41º18'29" 172º42'14" 23/01/2009 186 Waimea River -41º18'38" 173º07'43" 20/01/2009 188 -41º52'37" 172º55'21" 12/03/2008 189 Wairau River -41º43'09" 173º05'42" 18/03/2008 190 Wairau River -42º01'35" 172º53'57" 18/02/2009 221 Wairau River -41º26'39" 173º58'17" 28/10/2009 24 Clarence River -42º27'16" 172º49'47" 3/10/2007 25 Clarence River -42º25'16" 172º47'39" 29/01/2009 63 Hurunui River -42º46'41" 172º19'18" 27/04/2007 64 Hurunui River -42º47'49" 172º20'19" 15/05/2007 65 Hurunui River -42º49'33" 172º21'01" 15/05/2007 66 Hurunui River -42º54'01" 173º06'15" 21/11/2007 203 Hurunui River -42º43'29" 172º16'33" 1/02/2008 150 River -43º45'16" 172º02'26" 5/12/2007 151 -43º37'41" 171º49'30" 11/12/2007 222 Rakaia River -43º23'43" 171º32'33" 26/11/2009 10 Ashburton River -43º44'37" 171º31'41" 24/01/2008 11 Ashburton River -43º38'25" 171º12'16" 14/12/2008 80 -43º57'57" 171º46'44" 24/11/2008

C. Kilroy and M. Unwin

Site ID Waterway name Latitude, S Longitude, E Date 223 Bowyers Stream -43º41'10" 171º26'43" 8/09/2009 152 -44º11'06" 171º30'33" 11/05/2007 153 Rangitata River -43º58'29" 171º18'01" 29/05/2007 154 Rangitata River -44º07'07" 171º29'02" 29/05/2007 155 Rangitata River -44º03'09" 171º24'03" 29/05/2007 157 Rangitata River -43º45'03" 171º12'00" 6/12/2007 224 Rangitata River -43º41'53" 171º00'49" 23/09/2009 158 RDR Canal -43º46'40" 171º14'47" 3/12/2007 226 Deep Creek -43º33'51" 170º55'10" 13/11/2009 135 Orari River -43º55'47" 171º11'30" 30/09/2008 136 Orari River -43º52'17" 171º07'53" 20/01/2009 228 Andrews Stream -43º55'56" 171º07'47" 24/08/2009 131 Opihi River -44º16'18" 171º19'26" 19/12/2007 53 Hae Hae Te Moana River -44º02'34" 171º05'25" 30/01/2009 132 Opuha River -44º04'56" 170º58'44" 9/01/2008 133 Opuha River -44º01'12" 170º54'14" 9/01/2008 134 Opuha River -44º08'10" 170º59'54" 9/01/2008 36 Deep Creek -43º57'30" 170º52'07" 27/04/2007 122 North Opuha River -43º54'24" 170º50'20" 24/04/2007 123 North Opuha River -43º55'45" 170º52'55" 27/04/2007 124 North Opuha River -43º57'19" 170º52'36" 27/04/2007 125 North Opuha River -43º53'01" 170º50'15" 24/01/2009 185 Waihao River -44º46'52" 171º09'28" 23/11/2006 208 Waihao River North Branch -44º47'14" 170º56'33" 1/10/2008 193 -44º55'31" 171º05'57" 21/01/2006 194 Waitaki River -44º44'15" 170º28'55" 21/01/2006 92 -44º54'37" 170º37'49" 10/05/2007 220 Maerewhenua River -44º56'47" 170º34'06" 10/05/2007 202 Otiake River -44º50'39" 170º28'12" 17/03/2009 54 River -44º42'59" 170º29'28" 12/11/2007 209 -44º21'25" 170º38'09" 1/10/2008 200 Awakino River -44º45'47" 170º23'56" 17/03/2009 143 River -44º36'25" 170º12'11" 9/04/2008 2 -44º26'39" 169º42'03" 17/02/2006 3 Ahuriri River -44º22'09" 169º38'42" 3/12/2007 4 Ahuriri River -44º23'27" 169º40'16" 3/12/2007 5 Ahuriri River -44º23'14" 169º39'23" 3/12/2007 130 Omarama Stream -44º29'14" 169º57'57" 14/08/2006 199 Long Slip Creek -44º29'57" 169º45'40" 17/03/2009 206 Long Slip Creek -44º33'58" 169º39'40" 17/03/2009 201 Avon Burn -44º25'52" 169º39'58" 17/03/2009 81 Lake Ohau -44º10'21" 169º49'29" 27/12/2007 82 Lake Ohau -44º13'47" 169º49'01" 27/12/2007 126 Ohau canal -44º20'22" 170º10'23" 13/08/2007 127 Ohau canal -44º18'19" 170º07'43" 10/09/2007 229 Ohau Canal -44º15'15" 170º01'57" 23/09/2009 230 Ohau Canal -44º15'48" 169º58'32" 12/10/2009 128 Ohau River -44º20'35" 170º11'35" 15/05/2006 129 Ohau River -44º16'25" 170º01'33" 10/09/2007

Didymosphenia geminata in New Zealand rivers

Site ID Waterway name Latitude, S Longitude, E Date 231 Pukaki canal -44º13'19" 170º03'02" 14/09/2009 176 River -44º15'27" 170º06'36" 16/05/2006 177 Twizel River -44º12'23" 170º06'06" 30/03/2008 178 Twizel River -44º08'43" 170º03'33" 11/12/2008 38 Dobson River -44º06'04" 169º52'57" 23/03/2008 233 Dobson River -44º04'02" 169º53'57" 6/11/2009 232 Hopkins River -44º01'33" 169º48'44" 6/11/2009 168 -43º54'29" 170º08'20" 30/04/2007 234 Jollie River -43º51'54" 170º10'33" 8/11/2009 235 Tekapo Canal -44º06'04" 170º14'19" 24/06/2009 236 Tekapo Canal -44º01'21" 170º27'19" 18/08/2009 169 -44º20'19" 170º12'41" 9/02/2007 170 Tekapo River -44º19'48" 170º13'23" 9/03/2007 22 Cass River -43º52'51" 170º30'11" 8/09/2008 23 Cass River -43º52'59" 170º29'27" 10/12/2008 239 Coal River -43º47'13" 170º33'29" 8/11/2009 117 Mount Gerald Creek -43º46'55" 170º33'35" 9/02/2009 91 Macaulay River -43º44'24" 170º33'56" 2/10/2008 67 Kakanui River -45º09'53" 170º50'25" 10/05/2007 68 Kakanui River -45º04'54" 170º48'36" 15/10/2007 69 Kakanui River -45º03'26" 170º45'30" 15/10/2007 26 -44º43'55" 169º16'58" 29/09/2005 27 Clutha River -45º48'54" 169º31'33" 19/07/2006 28 Clutha River -45º29'15" 169º18'42" 11/08/2006 29 Clutha River -46º15'33" 169º50'30" 20/11/2006 30 Clutha River -46º15'18" 169º46'57" 30/11/2006 148 -45º39'32" 169º10'39" 21/11/2008 95 -45º13'41" 169º25'49" 18/11/2007 96 Manuherikia River -44º58'51" 169º47'08" 19/11/2007 171 Thomsons Creek -44º59'28" 169º34'15" 21/11/2008 44 Fraser River -45º14'57" 169º21'23" 3/05/2006 74 -45º00'31" 168º52'09" 29/01/2007 119 Nevis River -45º04'01" 169º01'56" 18/03/2008 120 Nevis River -45º10'54" 168º59'43" 21/11/2008 121 Nevis River -45º20'21" 168º53'04" 19/02/2009 111 Moke Creek -44º59'46" 168º34'18" 13/03/2008 162 Shotover River -44º59'32" 168º43'30" 17/04/2007 34 Dart River -44º46'35" 168º19'33" 4/05/2007 37 Diamond Creek -44º47'21" 168º23'15" 11/12/2006 50 Greenstone River -44º56'13" 168º20'41" 26/01/2007 87 -44º57'32" 168º26'12" 9/11/2006 160 Route Burn -44º43'35" 168º18'54" 31/01/2008 180 Von River -45º05'11" 168º25'37" 14/10/2005 181 Von River -45º07'05" 168º22'33" 28/10/2005 76 -44º55'58" 169º17'59" 14/11/2005 77 Lake Dunstan -44º56'13" 169º17'25" 14/11/2005 78 Lake Dunstan -44º56'34" 169º17'10" 18/04/2007 79 Lake Dunstan -44º58'47" 169º14'38" 18/04/2007 88 Lindis River -44º51'05" 169º26'31" 29/01/2007

C. Kilroy and M. Unwin

Site ID Waterway name Latitude, S Longitude, E Date 21 -44º45'07" 169º07'08" 3/05/2007 56 Hawea River -44º39'06" 169º14'46" 27/09/2005 57 Hawea River -44º40'46" 169º11'41" 27/09/2005 62 Hunter River -44º17'06" 169º27'28" 20/11/2007 172 Timaru River -44º32'23" 169º19'06" 20/11/2007 108 Matukituki River -44º38'14" 168º59'36" 8/08/2006 114 Mototapu River -44º38'58" 168º56'53" 15/11/2006 93 -44º09'10" 169º17'58" 1/11/2006 197 Wilkin River -44º16'11" 169º10'39" 2/11/2006 198 Young River -44º12'04" 169º12'52" 3/05/2007 20 Camp Creek -44º42'27" 169º23'50" 31/01/2008 101 -45º31'09" 168º36'50" 3/08/2006 102 Mataura River -45º48'20" 168º39'06" 8/05/2007 103 Mataura River -45º52'19" 168º45'41" 23/05/2007 104 Mataura River -45º45'45" 168º38'06" 23/05/2007 142 Otamita Stream -46º01'30" 168º40'54" 20/10/2008 47 Gow Burn -45º36'48" 168º55'24" 11/11/2008 48 Gow Burn -45º37'12" 168º56'20" 23/12/2008 173 Tomogalak Stream -45º42'53" 168º32'58" 21/10/2008 43 Eyre Creek -45º24'19" 168º25'50" 11/07/2007 137 -45º53'35" 168º21'43" 14/10/2005 138 Oreti River -46º12'50" 168º16'36" 17/10/2005 139 Oreti River -45º36'50" 168º09'28" 17/10/2005 140 Oreti River -45º26'56" 168º08'11" 17/10/2005 141 Oreti River -46º15'19" 168º17'30" 17/10/2005 216 Oreti River -45º19'46" 168º12'28" 1/04/2006 32 Cromel Stream -45º37'25" 168º23'26" 21/02/2007 213 Cromel Stream -45º34'57" 168º22'26" 21/02/2007 1 Acton Stream -45º36'36" 168º16'03" 30/01/2008 195 Weydon Burn -45º35'06" 168º07'25" 8/01/2008 219 Ashton Burn -45º21'59" 168º13'55" 1/01/2006 8 Aparima River -45º44'21" 168º07'12" 26/03/2006 215 Taringatura Creek -45º51'42" 168º08'17" 1/05/2009 55 Hamilton Burn -45º43'25" 168º11'26" 7/08/2006 13 Braxton Burn -45º42'14" 168º08'15" 18/09/2007 214 North Etal Creek -45º51'34" 168º07'37" 1/05/2009 146 Pleasant Creek -45º44'50" 168º01'08" 29/01/2008 183 -45º42'18" 167º37'20" 20/10/2004 184 Waiau River -45º28'59" 167º41'42" 29/09/2005 204 Monowai River -45º46'55" 167º35'35" 1/01/2009 97 -45º21'05" 168º07'29" 25/10/2004 98 Mararoa River -45º10'25" 168º09'53" 10/02/2007 196 Whitestone River -45º23'17" 167º54'19" 19/12/2005 149 Princhester Creek -45º33'52" 167º56'38" 29/06/2006 33 Dale Creek -45º30'08" 167º58'51" 11/01/2007 217 Doon River -45º08'40" 167º29'16" 1/05/2009 39 -45º04'00" 167º59'22" 29/08/2006 40 Ettrick Burn -45º15'05" 167º43'00" 15/01/2007 42 Ettrick Burn -45º15'07" 167º38'46" 22/02/2008

Didymosphenia geminata in New Zealand rivers

Site ID Waterway name Latitude, S Longitude, E Date 83 Lake -45º19'12" 167º43'44" 2/02/2007 84 -45º18'40" 167º43'47" 2/02/2007 85 Lake Te Anau -45º18'09" 167º43'38" 2/02/2007 86 Lake Te Anau -45º20'34" 167º45'16" 21/04/2007 89 Loch Burn -45º09'00" 167º38'17" 1/03/2007 90 Lugar Burn -45º03'28" 167º43'03" 11/02/2009 109 McIvor Burn -45º08'50" 167º33'26" 1/03/2007 240 Murcott Burn -44º56'49" 168º00'27" 26/05/2009 118 Mystery Burn -45º20'30" 167º35'57" 25/01/2007 147 Point Burn -45º19'46" 167º43'31" 2/02/2007 163 Snag Burn -45º11'00" 167º38'30" 25/01/2007 175 Tunnel Burn -45º17'46" 167º43'39" 2/02/2007 179 Upukerora River -45º24'34" 167º44'20" 12/05/2006 191 Wairaurahiri River -46º15'36" 167º13'00" 1/02/2007 35 Deep Cove -45º28'21" 167º09'57" 14/06/2007 59 Hollyford River -44º41'39" 168º07'34" 22/11/2006 60 Hollyford River -44º48'34" 168º06'10" 9/01/2007 61 Hollyford River -44º45'39" 168º08'21" 9/01/2007 52 -44º01'23" 169º22'01" 16/02/2007 145 -43º42'23" 169º29'02" 13/01/2009 241 -42º58'58" 170º41'07" 8/12/2009 70 Kakapotahi River -42º58'49" 170º42'42" 25/09/2007 71 Kakapotahi River -42º59'15" 170º43'21" 12/10/2007 218 Kakapotahi River -42º59'48" 170º44'04" 12/10/2007 110 -42º54'26" 170º45'38" 13/11/2008 174 Totara River -42º52'50" 170º48'40" 21/11/2008 58 -42º43'38" 170º58'31" 10/10/2008 212 Hokitika River -43º03'43" 171º01'37" 10/10/2008 75 Kokatahi River -42º50'11" 171º01'18" 6/01/2009 242 -42º53'01" 171º06'49" 17/12/2009 9 -42º40'25" 171º01'42" 20/12/2007 211 Arahura River -42º51'26" 171º17'53" 1/12/2007 51 Grey River -42º17'25" 171º40'17" 4/06/2008 14 -41º41'56" 172º28'32" 24/09/2005 15 Buller River -41º42'16" 172º30'39" 24/09/2005 17 Buller River -41º48'15" 172º49'16" 2/10/2005 18 Buller River -41º50'42" 171º42'52" 13/01/2009 19 Buller River -41º48'27" 171º36'02" 14/01/2009 192 Waitahu River -42º04'22" 171º50'42" 12/03/2008 105 -41º45'53" 172º19'47" 23/01/2007 106 Matiri River -41º41'01" 172º19'19" 13/02/2009 107 Matiri River -41º41'10" 172º19'18" 13/02/2009 99 Matakitaki River -41º48'29" 172º19'09" 15/05/2007 100 Matakitaki River -41º51'46" 172º19'11" 28/06/2007 46 Glenroy River -42º01'24" 172º20'17" 28/06/2007 94 Mangles River -41º47'21" 172º22'06" 18/02/2009 144 -41º37'19" 172º31'21" 14/02/2007 161 Sandstone Creek -41º38'57" 172º29'30" 18/02/2009 45 Fyfe River -41º37'13" 172º31'03" 18/02/2009

C. Kilroy and M. Unwin

Site ID Waterway name Latitude, S Longitude, E Date 49 -41º43'16" 172º34'18" 10/05/2006 112 Mokihinui River -41º36'22" 172º11'57" 4/01/2009 113 Mokihinui River -41º33'24" 172º01'00" 15/01/2009 73 Karamea River -41º16'03" 172º09'11" 15/01/2009 210 Karamea River -41º22'30" 172º26'11" 1/01/2009