Review of Three-Dimensional Graphics Engine 三维图形引擎综述
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Designing Design Tools Genel Bakış
Designing Design Tools Genel Bakış İyi ve güzel bir oyun, gelişmiş ve kullanışlı oyun tasarlama araçları ile oluşturulabilr. Bunlardan en önemlisi Geliştirme ya da seviye ortamı adını verebileceğimiz LEVEL EDITOR dür. Level editörler, 3d , 2d modelcilerin, ve programcıların kullandığı bir ara yüzdür. Geçmişte ilk jenerasyon oyunlarda genelde tek level dan oluşan oyunlar karşımıza çıkmış iken günümüzde yüzlerce level a ulaşan oyunlar bulunmaktadır. 1. UNREAL EDITOR / UDK Game Engine: Unreal Engine 3, (UDK) Games: Unreal Tournament 3, Bioshock 1/2, Bioshock Infinite, Gears of War Series, Borderlands 1/2, Dishonored Fonksiyonellik Level editörlerinden beklenen en önemli özellik kullanışlı olmalarıdır. Hızlı çalışılabilmesi için kısa yollar, tuşlar içermelidir. Bir çok özellik ayarlanabilir, açılıp kapanabilmelidir. Stabil çalışmalıdır. 2. HAMMER SOURCE Game Engine: Source Engine Games: L4D2/L4D1, CS: GO, CS:S, Day of Defeat: Source, Half-Life 2 and its Episodes, Portal 1 and 2, Team Fortress 2. Görselleştirme - Yapılan değişikliklerin aynı anda hem oyuncu gözünden hem de dışarıdan görülebilmesi gerekir. Bunu yazar “What you see is what you get” Ne goruyorsan onu alirsin diyerek anlatmıştır. - Kamera hareketleri kolayca değiştirilebilmelidir, Level içinde bir yerden başka bir yere hızla gitmeyi sağlayan ve diğer oyun objeleri ile çarpışmayan, hatta icinden gecebilen “Flight Mode” uçuş durumu adı verilen bir fonksiyon olmalıdır. - Editörün gördüğü ile oyuncunun grdugu uyumlu olmalidir, tersi durumunda oynanabilirlik azalacak, oyun iyi gozukmeyecektirç - Editor coklu goruntu seceneklerine ihtiyac duyulubilir. Bazi durumlarda hem ustten hem onden hemde kamera acisi ayni anda gorulmelidir. 3. SANDBOX EDITOR / CRYENGINE 3 SDK Game Engine: CryEngine 3 Games: Crysis 1, 2 and 3, Warface, Homefront 2 Oyunun Butunu Level editorler, tasarimciya her turlu kolayligi saglayabilecek fazladan bilgileri de vermek durumundadir. -
Ray Traced (Max
Run-Time Code Generation for Materials Stephan Reiter Introduction id Tech 3 is a game engine used in several well received would have resulted in an unacceptable loss of speed, textures/gothic_block/demon_block15fx { products, such as id Software’s Quake 3 Arena, and was run-time generation of machine code was employed. { released under an open source license in 2005. Within the map textures/sfx/firegorre.tga demon Materials in id Tech 3 can be composed of multiple layers tcmod scroll 0 1 scope of my diploma thesis I investigated the use of real- tcMod turb 0 .25 0 1.6 that are blended to get the final color value: tcmod scale 4 4 time ray tracing in games and found id Tech 3 to be an • An animated or static texture can be sampled in each blendFunc GL_ONE GL_ZERO excellent basis for evaluating the qualities of ray tracing } spitting layer at coordinates computed by a chain of modifiers, { in creating visually pleasing virtual environments. map textures/gothic_block/demon_block15fx.tga which apply transformations to the texture coordinates of blendFunc GL_SRC_ALPHA GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA fire id Tech 3 uses a complex material system that allows the the surface the material is applied to. } { specification of the look and the behavior of surfaces in • Color and alpha values can be generated per layer (e.g., map $lightmap blendFunc GL_DST_COLOR GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA scripts. Support for this system in the new ray tracing based on noise and waveforms) and may be used to } based rendering backend was crucial to recreating and modulate the texture color (typically used for lighting). -
Investigating Steganography in Source Engine Based Video Games
A NEW VILLAIN: INVESTIGATING STEGANOGRAPHY IN SOURCE ENGINE BASED VIDEO GAMES Christopher Hale Lei Chen Qingzhong Liu Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science Sam Houston State University Sam Houston State University Sam Houston State University Huntsville, Texas Huntsville, Texas Huntsville, Texas [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—In an ever expanding field such as computer and individuals and security professionals. This paper outlines digital forensics, new threats to data privacy and legality are several of these threats and how they can be used to transmit presented daily. As such, new methods for hiding and securing illegal data and conduct potentially illegal activities. It also data need to be created. Using steganography to hide data within demonstrates how investigators can respond to these threats in video game files presents a solution to this problem. In response order to combat this emerging phenomenon in computer to this new method of data obfuscation, investigators need methods to recover specific data as it may be used to perform crime. illegal activities. This paper demonstrates the widespread impact This paper is organized as follows. In Section II we of this activity and shows how this problem is present in the real introduce the Source Engine, one of the most popular game world. Our research also details methods to perform both of these tasks: hiding and recovery data from video game files that engines, Steam, a powerful game integration and management utilize the Source gaming engine. tool, and Hammer, an excellent tool for creating virtual environment in video games. -
Opinnäytetyön Mallipohja
Tuomas Suokko Pelimoottorin kehittämisen kannattavuus Insinööri (AMK) Tieto- ja viestintätekniikka Kevät 2020 Tiivistelmä Tekijä: Suokko Tuomas Työn nimi: Pelimoottorin kehittämisen kannattavuus Tutkintonimike: Insinööri (AMK), tieto- ja viestintätekniikka Asiasanat: Pelimoottori, kannattavuus, ohjelmistokehitys, yritystoiminta Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, onko peliyritykselle kannattavaa kehittää oma pelimoottori, kun ilmaisia kaupallisia pelimoottoreita on markkinoilla. Tutkimuksen toimeksiantajana toimi Linna Games Oy, joka toivoi selvitettäväksi pelimoottorin kehityksen aika-arvion ja kustannukset. Linna Games Oy:n työ- harjoittelussa kehitettyyn prototyyppi 2D-pelimoottoriin ja sen kehityskokemuksiin viitattiin tutkimuk- sessa. Tutkimuksessa myös hyödynnettiin neljän eri pelialan ammattilaisten mielipiteitä ja kokemuksia pelimoottorikehityksen suhteen. Ensin kaupallisia pelimoottoreita vertailtiin toisiinsa erityisesti niiden lisenssimaksujen suhteen. Seuraa- vaksi käsiteltiin pelimoottorin kehityksen menetelmät, hyödyt ja haitat. Tämän jälkeen omakehitteisen pelimoottorin kehityksen kustannuksia vertailtiin kaupallisten pelimoottoreiden lisenssimaksuihin. Lisens- simaksujen laskelmissa käytettiin kahta kuvitteellista peliä, joiden menestystason perusteella laskettiin käy- tettyjen pelimoottorien osuus esimerkkiyrityksen kokonaiskustannuksista. Vaikka oman pelimoottorin kehityksen voisi nähdä eduksi sen rajattomien kehitysmahdollisuuksien nimissä, tämän suuret kustannukset ja aika-arviot eivät puoltaneet tätä kannattavampana -
List of TCP and UDP Port Numbers from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
List of TCP and UDP port numbers From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is a list of Internet socket port numbers used by protocols of the transport layer of the Internet Protocol Suite for the establishment of host-to-host connectivity. Originally, port numbers were used by the Network Control Program (NCP) in the ARPANET for which two ports were required for half- duplex transmission. Later, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) needed only one port for full- duplex, bidirectional traffic. The even-numbered ports were not used, and this resulted in some even numbers in the well-known port number /etc/services, a service name range being unassigned. The Stream Control Transmission Protocol database file on Unix-like operating (SCTP) and the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) also systems.[1][2][3][4] use port numbers. They usually use port numbers that match the services of the corresponding TCP or UDP implementation, if they exist. The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is responsible for maintaining the official assignments of port numbers for specific uses.[5] However, many unofficial uses of both well-known and registered port numbers occur in practice. Contents 1 Table legend 2 Well-known ports 3 Registered ports 4 Dynamic, private or ephemeral ports 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Table legend Official: Port is registered with IANA for the application.[5] Unofficial: Port is not registered with IANA for the application. Multiple use: Multiple applications are known to use this port. Well-known ports The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 are the well-known ports or system ports.[6] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. -
Google Adquiere Motorola Mobility * Las Tablets PC Y Su Alcance * Synergy 1.3.1 * Circuito Impreso Al Instante * Proyecto GIMP-Es
Google adquiere Motorola Mobility * Las Tablets PC y su alcance * Synergy 1.3.1 * Circuito impreso al instante * Proyecto GIMP-Es El vocero . 5 Premio Concurso 24 Aniversario de Joven Club Editorial Por Ernesto Rodríguez Joven Club, vivió el verano 2011 junto a ti 6 Aniversario 24 de los Joven Club La mirada de TINO . Cumple TINO 4 años de Los usuarios no comprueba los enlaces antes de abrirlos existencia en este septiembre, el sueño que vió 7 Un fallo en Facebook permite apropiarse de páginas creadas la luz en el 2007 es hoy toda una realidad con- Google adquiere Motorola Mobility vertida en proeza. Esfuerzo, tesón y duro bre- gar ha acompañado cada día a esta Revista que El escritorio . ha sabido crecerse en sí misma y superar obs- 8 Las Tablets PC y su alcance táculos y dificultades propias del diario de cur- 11 Propuesta de herramientas libre para el diseño de sitios Web sar. Un colectivo de colaboración joven, entu- 14 Joven Club, Infocomunidad y las TIC siasta y emprendedor –bajo la magistral con- 18 Un vistazo a la Informática forense ducción de Raymond- ha sabido mantener y El laboratorio . desarrollar este proyecto, fruto del trabajo y la profesionalidad de quienes convergen en él. 24 PlayOnLinux TINO acumula innegables resultados en estos 25 KMPlayer 2.9.2.1200 años. Más de 350 000 visitas, un volumen apre- 26 Synergy 1.3.1 ciable de descargas y suscripciones, servicios 27 imgSeek 0.8.6 estos que ha ido incorporando, pero por enci- El entrevistado . ma de todo está el agradecimiento de muchos 28 Hilda Arribas Robaina por su existencia, por sus consejos, su oportu- na información, su diálogo fácil y directo, su uti- El taller . -
Research on Improving Methods for Visualizing Common Elements in Video Game Applications ビデオゲームアプリケーショ
Research on Improving Methods for Visualizing Common Elements in Video Game Applications ビデオゲームアプリケーションにおける共通的 なな要素要素のの視覚化手法視覚化手法のの改良改良にに関関関するする研究 June 2013 Graduate School of Global Information and Telecommunication Studies Waseda University Title of the project Research on Image Processing II Candidate ’’’s name Sven Dierk Michael Forstmann 2 Index Index 3 Acknowledgements Foremost, I would like to express my sincere thanks to my advisor Prof. Jun Ohya for his continuous support of my Ph.D study and research. His guidance helped me in all the time of my research and with writing of this thesis. I would further like to thank the members of my PhD committee, Prof. Shigekazu Sakai, Prof. Takashi Kawai, and Prof. Shigeo Morishima for their valuable comments and suggestions. For handling the formalities and always being helpful when I had questions, I would like to thank the staff of the Waseda GITS Office, especially Yumiko Kishimoto san. For their financial support, I would like to thank the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst), the Japanese Government for supporting me with the Monbukagakusho Scholarship and ITO EN Ltd, for supporting me with the Honjo International Scholarship. For their courtesy of allowing me the use of some of their screenshots, I would like to thank John Olick, Bernd Beyreuther, Prof. Ladislav Kavan and Dr. Cyril Crassin. Special thanks are given to my friends Dr. Gleb Novichkov, Prof. Artus Krohn-Grimberghe, Yutaka Kanou, and Dr. Gernot Grund for their encouragement and insightful comments. Last, I would like to thank my family: my parents Dierk and Friederike Forstmann, and my brother Hanjo Forstmann for their support and encouragement throughout the thesis. -
The Cat and the Coup Madrid Yellow Umbrella Killbox Unmanned This War of Mine Dead-In-Iraq Performance) Perfect Woman Dys4ia
Meinungsbilder: Making Opinions: Computerspiele als Computer Games as Kommentare realer Commentary on politischer Ereignisse Actual Political Events The Cat and the Coup Madrid Yellow Umbrella Militärisches: Military Matters: Computerspiele als Reflexion Computer Games as Reflections des Bündnisses von Krieg on the Alliance between War und Unterhaltungsindustrie and Entertainment Industries Killbox Unmanned This War of Mine dead-in-iraq �Performance) Multiperspektivität: Multiple Perspectives: Computerspiele als Computer Games Hinterfragungen stereotyper Questioning Stereotypical Geschlechterrollen Gender Roles Perfect Woman Dys4ia Coming Out Simulator Medienkritik: Media Critique: Computerspiele Computer Games als Instrumente as Instruments der Selbstreflexion of Self-Reflection Phone Story TouchTone Orwell Migrationsgeschichten: Migration Stories: Computerspiele als Computer Games and Grenzgänger Border Lines Papers, Please 1378�km� Escape from Woomera Machtspiele: Mapping Power: Computerspiele als Computer Games as Beobachter von Observers of Agency Selbst wirksamkeit and Powerlessness und Ohnmacht Sunset Democracy 3 The Westport Independent * USA The Cat and 2011 2011 Computerspiel / Computer game, the Coup* PC ▲ Cat and the Coup, March 20, iranian parliament nationalizes oil industry © Peter Brinson and Kurosh ValaNejad, 2011 DE EN Ein Fall zurück durch die Zeit: In The Cat and the Coup wer- Plummeting backwards through time, in The Cat and the 132 den die Spielenden zum Schoßtier der Politik und erleben Coup players turn into the pets of politics and experience Weltgeschichte aus der Perspektive eines Vierbeiners. Als world history from a four-legged perspective. As a cat, Katze lösen sie verschiedene Puzzles, die nach und nach they solve various puzzles that gradually, in a tale told in in einer rückwärts erzählten Geschichte erst den Tod von reverse order, document first the death of Dr. -
The Architecture and Evolution of Computer Game Engines
The architecture and evolution of computer game engines University of Oulu Department of Information Processing Sciences B.Sc thesis Rainer Koirikivi 12.3.2015 2 Abstract In this study, the architecture and evolution of computer game engines are analyzed by means of a literature review on the academic research body on the subject. The history of computer games, from early 1960s to modern day is presented, with a focus on the architectures behind the games. In the process, this study will answer a selection of research questions. The topics of the questions include identifying the common parts of a game engine, identifying the architectural trends in the evolution from early to present-day games and engines, identifying ways the process of evolution has affected the present state of the engines, and presenting some possible future trends for the evolution. As findings of the study, common parts of a game engine were identified as the parts that are specific to every game, with the suggestion that more detailed analyses could be made by concentrating on different genres. Increase in the size, modularity and portability of game engines, and improved tooling associated with them were identified as general trends in the evolution from first games to today. Various successful design decisions behind certain influential games were identified, and the way they affect the present state of the engines were discussed. Finally, increased utilization of parallelism, and the move of game engines from genre-specific towards genre-neutral were identified as possible future trends in the evolution. Keywords computer game, video game, game engine, game, software architecture, architecture, evolution 3 Foreword I'd like to thank my thesis supervisor Jouni Lappalainen for his continued support on what turned to be an epic journey into the fields of game engines and academic writing. -
Game Engines Pedagogical Goal
3/12/17 Game Engines IMGD 4000 Pedagogical Goal • Your technical skills should not be Aed to any parAcular game engine • Just like your programming skills should not be Aed to any parAcular programming language • Use best tools For each job • ... or tools you were given J 2 1 3/12/17 Game Engine DefiniAon Game Engine “A series oF modules and interFaces that allows a development team to Focus on product game- play content, rather than technical content.” [Julian Gold, O-O Game Dev.] • But this class is about “the technical content”! J 3 Buy versus Build • Depends on your needs, resources and constraints – Technical needs (e.g., “pushing the envelope”?) – Financial resources (e.g., venture capital?) – Time constraints (e.g., 1 month or 2 years?) – Plaorm constraints (e.g., Flash?) – Other Factors (e.g., sequel?) • Most games commonly built today with some sort oF “engine layer” 4 2 3/12/17 Why Build? • Need – Technical needs oF game not supported by exisAng engines • Pedagogy – learn specific skill/concept • Control – Provide a beaer understanding oF engine- game interacAon when making game – Can extend/adjust engine iF needed • Genre – have engine especially fit genre (lightweight, just Features required) • Licensing – don’t want to pay out royalty Fees – Note, simple cost should not be a reason – there are many excellent cheap/Free engines à it will “cost” more to build an engine! Why Buy? • Financial – don’t have the Ame/money to build and engine • Support – exisAng engine has large user community and/or documentaon and/or technical support -
An Overview Study of Game Engines
Faizi Noor Ahmad Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 3, Issue 5, Sep-Oct 2013, pp.1673-1693 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS An Overview Study of Game Engines Faizi Noor Ahmad Student at Department of Computer Science, ACNCEMS (Mahamaya Technical University), Aligarh-202002, U.P., India ABSTRACT We live in a world where people always try to find a way to escape the bitter realities of hubbub life. This escapism gives rise to indulgences. Products of such indulgence are the video games people play. Back in the past the term ―game engine‖ did not exist. Back then, video games were considered by most adults to be nothing more than toys, and the software that made them tick was highly specialized to both the game and the hardware on which it ran. Today, video game industry is a multi-billion-dollar industry rivaling even the Hollywood. The software that drives these three dimensional worlds- the game engines-have become fully reusable software development kits. In this paper, I discuss the specifications of some of the top contenders in video game engines employed in the market today. I also try to compare up to some extent these engines and take a look at the games in which they are used. Keywords – engines comparison, engines overview, engines specification, video games, video game engines I. INTRODUCTION 1.1.2 Artists Back in the past the term ―game engine‖ did The artists produce all of the visual and audio not exist. Back then, video games were considered by content in the game, and the quality of their work can most adults to be nothing more than toys, and the literally make or break a game. -
Quake III Arena Game Structures
Quake III Arena Game Structures D. Stefyn∗, A.L. Cricenti, P.A. Branch Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Technical Report 110209A Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, Australia [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—This report presents results from the analysis FPS games has spurned a lot of research into the network of the Quake III Arena source code in order to gain traffic produced by these games. insights into how the packets flowing between server and A number of research projects have analysed the traffic client are constructed. The server to client packets contain produced by Quake III Arena [5], [6] and some other game state information that is based on the aggregation of FPS games that are based on the same engine [7]. This the changes in state of the individual game entities in the vicinity of the player, whilst the client to server packets report aims to provide researchers with a quick orienta- contain information of the changes in the individual play- tion to the Quake III Arena source code, particularly as it ers’ state. Ultimately the information sent affects the size relates to the information that the game engine transmits of the packet and may be used as a basis for determining across the network. By having a structured introduction network performance characteristics of the game or for to these game aspects, these characteristics can also creating modifications to the source code. Quake III Arena be extrapolated for comparing the network performance is seen to employ both delta states to incrementally updates of other FPS games, whether they are open or closed changes in the game from an initial baseline and Huffman source.