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En El Intermareal Rocoso De Mar Del Plata (Argentina)

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En El Intermareal Rocoso De Mar Del Plata (Argentina) Ciencias Marinas (1999), 25(1): 63–74 http://dx.doi.org/10.7773/cm.v25i1.652 HISTORIA NATURAL DE Bimeria vestita WRIGHT, 1859 (HYDROZOA, BOUGAINVILLIIDAE) EN EL INTERMAREAL ROCOSO DE MAR DEL PLATA (ARGENTINA) NATURAL HISTORY OF Bimeria vestita WRIGHT, 1859 (HYDROZOA, BOUGAINVILLIIDAE) IN THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL OF MAR DEL PLATA (ARGENTINA) Gabriel N. Genzano* Mauricio O. Zamponi CONICET Laboratorio de Biología de Cnidarios Departamento de Ciencias Marinas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Funes 3250, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina *E-mail: [email protected] Recibido en agosto de 1997; aceptado en octubre de 1998 RESUMEN Se analizó la dinámica poblacional, periodo reproductivo y utilización de sustratos del hidroide Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859 en el intermareal rocoso de Mar del Plata (Argentina) durante el periodo de octubre de 1990 a febrero de 1992. Las colonias se encontraron todo el año, aunque con una abundancia mayor en verano y otoño (60% de los hallazgos). Durante este periodo, las colonias producen gonóforos. Bimeria vestita habita sobre las colonias de los hidroides Sertularella mediterranea Hartlaub, 1901 (58.1%) y Tubularia crocea (Agassiz, 1862) (37.5%) más comúnmente que sobre otros sustratos (4.4%). Se detectaron diferencias estacionales en la colonización de los sustratos: en primavera y verano, T. crocea fue el sustrato más frecuente (75–80%) y en otoño e invierno, lo fue S. mediterranea (70–80%). El crecimiento estolonial de B. vestita sugiere una estrategia de “guerrilla” que evita la competencia que ocurre en las zonas basales del sustrato. Palabras clave: Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, epizoismo, intermareal, Argentina. ABSTRACT The population dynamics, reproductive period and substrate preference of the hydroid Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859 were analyzed from October 1990 to February 1992 in the rocky intertidal zone of Mar del Plata (Argentina). Colonies were found year-round, with maximun abundances in summer and autumn (60% of the colonies). During these periods the colonies produce gonophores. Bimeria vestita is more frequently found on colonies of the hydroids Sertularella mediterranea Hartlaub, 1901 (58.1%) and Tubularia crocea (Agassiz, 1862) (37.5%) than on other substrates (4.4%). Seasonal differences in substrate preferences were observed. Tubularia crocea was the most preferred substrate in spring and summer (75–80%), while S. mediterranea was preferred in autumn and winter (70–80%). Stolonial 63 Ciencias Marinas, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1999 growth of B. vestita suggests a “guerrilla” strategy to avoid competition in the basal zones of the substrates. Key words: Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, epizoism, intertidal, Argentina. INTRODUCCIÓN INTRODUCTION En sustratos rocosos, la competencia por el Competition for space on rocky substrates is espacio es uno de los factores que condiciona la one of the factors that determine community estructura de la comunidad (Gili, 1986). Cuando structure (Gili, 1986). When these substrates are dichos sustratos se hallan en la franja inter- located in the intertidal zone, the spatial distribu- mareal, la distribución espacial de las especies es tion of the species is also determined by physical también condicionada por factores físicos como factors such as air exposure, desiccation and exposición al aire, desecación y estrés fisiológico physiological stress produced during low tide producido durante la marea baja (Menge y Farrel, (Menge and Farrel, 1989). 1989). There are few studies on intertidal hydroids Los estudios sobre hidroides intermareales and these refer to areas of the Mediterranean or son escasos y referidos a zonas del Mediterráneo the Pacific coast of Canada (Boero, 1981; o de la costa del Pacífico canadiense (Boero, Brinckmann-Voss, 1996). They indicate that few 1981; Brinckmann-Voss, 1996). Éstos indican species occur in this area, and even fewer species que son pocas las especies que ocupan dicha área; are able to remain exposed to air (Gili and menor aún es el número de especies capaces de Hughes, 1995). Ten species occur in the rocky intertidal zone permanecer expuestas al aire (Gili y Hughes, of Mar del Plata, and only two can remain totally 1995). exposed during low tide; the rest occur in pro- En el intermareal rocoso de Mar del Plata se tected areas, such as crevices and channels, or hallan presentes diez especies y sólo dos pueden they are small species that attach to biological quedar totalmente expuestas durante la marea substrates that retain water (Genzano, 1994a). baja; el resto ocupa lugares protegidos, como Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859 is one of the latter grietas y canales, o bien son especies pequeñas species. It occurs in the Mediterranean and the que se adhieren a sustratos biológicos que retie- Indian, Atlantic and North Pacific oceans nen agua (Genzano, 1994a). Entre estas últimas se (Genzano, 1992). It has been reported for the con- encuentra Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859. Dicha tinental shelf of Argentina, in the Gulf of San especie se distribuye en el Mediterráneo y en los Matías (42º03¢S, 64º01¢W) (Blanco, 1974) and in océanos Índico, Atlántico y Pacífico Norte Mar del Plata (38º08¢S, 57º32¢W) (Genzano, (Genzano, 1992). En la plataforma continental 1992, 1994a,b). argentina fue citada previamente en el Golfo San The objective of this study is to analyze the Matías (42º03¢S, 64º01¢W) (Blanco, 1974) y en population dynamics, reproduction and substrate Mar del Plata (38º08¢S, 57º32¢W) (Genzano, preference of this species in the rocky intertidal 1992, 1994a,b). zone of Mar del Plata, Argentina. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la dinámica poblacional, la reproducción y la MATERIALS AND METHODS utilización de sustratos empleados por esta espe- cie en el intermareal rocoso de Mar del Plata, The samples analyzed were collected at low Argentina. tide from the intertidal zone of Punta Cantera, 64 Genzano y Zamponi: Historia natural de Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Mar del Plata, Argentina (38º05¢S, 57º32¢W), from October 1989 to February 1992. El material analizado fue recolectado en Qualitative samplings were made monthly at marea baja en la franja intermareal de Punta randomly selected points along a 5-m transect Cantera, Mar del Plata, Argentina (38º05¢S, laid out over a crevice perpendicular to the 57º32¢W), durante el periodo de octubre de 1989 a coast. febrero de 1992. The biological matter was removed with a Las recolecciones cualitativas fueron reali- stainless steel spatula, and the samples were zadas mensualmente en puntos seleccionados al fixed in situ in a 5% neutralized formaldehyde azar a lo largo de una transecta de 5 m de largo solution. trazada en una grieta perpendicular a la línea de Due to the discontinuity of the 1991 sam- costa. plings, the data obtained from this year were only Se extrajo el material biológico con una used to determine the types of substrate used by espátula de acero inoxidable. Las muestras se fija- B. vestita and to corroborate the data from the ron in situ en solución 5% de formaldehído previous year. neutralizado. The colonies of B. vestita were separated and Debido a la discontinuidad de los muestreos records were made of the maximum height, de 1991, los datos obtenidos en dicho año sólo number of branches per colony, branch size, num- fueron utilizados para conocer el tipo de sustrato ber of hydranths per branch, number of empty empleado por B. vestita y para corroborar datos pedicels (without hydranths), the occurrence of del año anterior. gonophores and the substrate used in each Las colonias de B. vestita fueron separadas y instance. se registró su altura máxima, el número de ramas The differences in the percentage of fertile por colonia, el tamaño de las ramas, el número de colonies (with gonophores) and the seasonal hidrantes por rama, la cantidad de pedicelos differences in the substrate were determined with vacíos (sin hidrantes), la presencia de gonóforos y c2 and residual analyses. el sustrato utilizado en cada caso. Se evaluaron las diferencias en el porcentaje RESULTS de colonias fértiles (con gonóforos) y las diferen- cias estacionales en los sustratos mediante una Seasonality and development of the colonies prueba de c2 y análisis de residuos. Due to the intense waves of the study area, it RESULTADOS was not possible to take the samples at a fre- quency that would permit a detailed analysis of Estacionalidad y desarrollo de las colonias the growth of the colonies. However, monthly analyses were made of the size distribution of the El oleaje intenso de la zona estudiada hydroids, based on the number of branches per impidió tomar muestras con una frecuencia colony (fig. 1), the number of hydranths per quepermitiera analizar detalladamente el creci- branch and the frequency of pedicels without miento de las colonias. Sin embargo, se ana- hydranths (fig. 2). lizaron mensualmente las distribuciones de At the beginning of spring, colonies were tallas del hidroide según el número de ramas observed with many large branches (3–5 mm) and por colonia (fig. 1), el número de hidrantes por abundant hydranths per branch (X = 5.37, SD = rama y la frecuencia de pedicelos sin hidrantes 3.1, n = 27), but with empty pedicels. At the (fig.2). beginning of summer, small colonies were 65 Ciencias Marinas, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1999 Figura 1. Frecuencia de tamaño (número de ramas) de Bimeria vestita en cada muestra. Figure 1. Size frequency (number of branches) of Bimeria vestita in each sample. A principios de la primavera, se observaron observed with few ramifications, short (1–3 mm), colonias con numerosas ramas largas (3–5 mm) y and with a low abundance of hydranths per branch con abundantes hidrantes por rama (X = 5.37, ( X = 1.95, SD = 0.78, n = 22). A marked growth SD= 3.1, n = 27), aunque con pedicelos vacíos. was recorded at the end of summer and during Al comenzar el verano, se observaron colonias autumn, indicated by the many branches present pequeñas con pocas ramificaciones, cortas in the colonies, their length (2–4 mm), the abun- (1–3 mm), con baja abundancia de hidrantes por dance of hydranths per branch ( X = 4.5, SD = 2.8, rama (X = 1.95, SD = 0.78, n = 22).
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