An Introduction to Laser Technology and Its Applications
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Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance Of
Unrestricted Immigration and the Foreign Dominance of United States Nobel Prize Winners in Science: Irrefutable Data and Exemplary Family Narratives—Backup Data and Information Andrew A. Beveridge, Queens and Graduate Center CUNY and Social Explorer, Inc. Lynn Caporale, Strategic Scientific Advisor and Author The following slides were presented at the recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. This project and paper is an outgrowth of that session, and will combine qualitative data on Nobel Prize Winners family histories along with analyses of the pattern of Nobel Winners. The first set of slides show some of the patterns so far found, and will be augmented for the formal paper. The second set of slides shows some examples of the Nobel families. The authors a developing a systematic data base of Nobel Winners (mainly US), their careers and their family histories. This turned out to be much more challenging than expected, since many winners do not emphasize their family origins in their own biographies or autobiographies or other commentary. Dr. Caporale has reached out to some laureates or their families to elicit that information. We plan to systematically compare the laureates to the population in the US at large, including immigrants and non‐immigrants at various periods. Outline of Presentation • A preliminary examination of the 609 Nobel Prize Winners, 291 of whom were at an American Institution when they received the Nobel in physics, chemistry or physiology and medicine • Will look at patterns of -
An Application of the Theory of Laser to Nitrogen Laser Pumped Dye Laser
SD9900039 AN APPLICATION OF THE THEORY OF LASER TO NITROGEN LASER PUMPED DYE LASER FATIMA AHMED OSMAN A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physics. UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS MARCH 1998 \ 3 0-44 In this thesis we gave a general discussion on lasers, reviewing some of are properties, types and applications. We also conducted an experiment where we obtained a dye laser pumped by nitrogen laser with a wave length of 337.1 nm and a power of 5 Mw. It was noticed that the produced radiation possesses ^ characteristic^ different from those of other types of laser. This' characteristics determine^ the tunability i.e. the possibility of choosing the appropriately required wave-length of radiation for various applications. DEDICATION TO MY BELOVED PARENTS AND MY SISTER NADI A ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Dr. AH El Tahir Sharaf El-Din, for his continuous support and guidance. I am also grateful to Dr. Maui Hammed Shaded, for encouragement, and advice in using the computer. Thanks also go to Ustaz Akram Yousif Ibrahim for helping me while conducting the experimental part of the thesis, and to Ustaz Abaker Ali Abdalla, for advising me in several respects. I also thank my teachers in the Physics Department, of the Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum and my colleagues and co- workers at laser laboratory whose support and encouragement me created the right atmosphere of research for me. Finally I would like to thank my brother Salah Ahmed Osman, Mr. -
Graduate Studies in Nuclear Physics At
Graduate Studies in Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics at The College of William and Mary Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Group: General Information: Experimental Faculty: 4 The College of William and Mary (W&M), chartered in 1693, Theoretical Faculty: 1 is the second oldest university in the US. It boasts four US Graduate Students: 14 presidents, supreme court justices and Jon Stewart as alumni. Female Students: 5 W&M is a liberal arts university with a strong research focus. Our 7,800 students (2,000 of them graduate students) enjoy a Rankings (US News and World Report): low student-to-faculty ratio, state-of-the-art facilities, and a beautiful campus. W&M ranked 6th amongst public US universities Located in Williamsburg, Virginia, W&M is in the heart of Physics Department Statistics: colonial American history and is adjacent to Colonial Average annual number of Ph. D. recipients: 8 Williamsburg, a historic recreation of 18th century colonial Average time to Ph. D.: 5 years life. While much of the campus has been restored to its 18th- century appearance, the physics department is housed in a Departmental Website: newly refurbished and expanded building that provides http://www.wm.edu/physics outstanding teaching and research space. http://www.wm.edu/as/physics/research/index.php The William and Mary physics department benefits Graduate Admissions: enormously from close ties with both Thomas Jefferson http://www.wm.edu/as/physics/grad/index.php National Accelerator Facility (JLab) and NASA Langley Application deadline: Feb 1st Research Center in nearby Newport News (thirty minutes from the W&M campus). -
Implementation of the Fizeau Aether Drag Experiment for An
Implementation of the Fizeau Aether Drag Experiment for an Undergraduate Physics Laboratory by Bahrudin Trbalic Submitted to the Department of Physics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Physics at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY May 2020 c Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2020. All rights reserved. ○ Author................................................................ Department of Physics May 8, 2020 Certified by. Sean P. Robinson Lecturer of Physics Thesis Supervisor Certified by. Joseph A. Formaggio Professor of Physics Thesis Supervisor Accepted by . Nergis Mavalvala Associate Department Head, Department of Physics 2 Implementation of the Fizeau Aether Drag Experiment for an Undergraduate Physics Laboratory by Bahrudin Trbalic Submitted to the Department of Physics on May 8, 2020, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Physics Abstract This work presents the description and implementation of the historically significant Fizeau aether drag experiment in an undergraduate physics laboratory setting. The implementation is optimized to be inexpensive and reproducible in laboratories that aim to educate students in experimental physics. A detailed list of materials, experi- mental setup, and procedures is given. Additionally, a laboratory manual, preparatory materials, and solutions are included. Thesis Supervisor: Sean P. Robinson Title: Lecturer of Physics Thesis Supervisor: Joseph A. Formaggio Title: Professor of Physics 3 4 Acknowledgments I gratefully acknowledge the instrumental help of Prof. Joseph Formaggio and Dr. Sean P. Robinson for the guidance in this thesis work and in my academic life. The Experimental Physics Lab (J-Lab) has been the pinnacle of my MIT experience and I’m thankful for the time spent there. -
Operators Manual LASER PRINTER 8
L A S E R PRINTER 8 Operators Manual Safety Notices This printer is certified as a Class 1laser product under the U.S.Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Radiation Performance Standard according to the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968. This means that the printer does not produce hazardous laser radiation. Since radiation emitted inside the printer is completely confined within protective housings and external covers, the laser beam cannot escapefrom the machine during anyphase of user operation. The Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administra- tionimplemented regulations forlaserproducts on August 2, 1976.These regulations apply to laser products manufactured from August 1, 1976.Compliance is mandatory for products marketed in the United States. The label on the bottom of the printer indicates currrpliancewith the CDRII regulations and must be attached to laser products marketcxlin the United States. Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment generates”anduses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is, in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause interference to radio and television reception. It has been type tested and found to ccnrrly with the limits for a Class B computing devicein accordance withthe specificationsin SubpartYof Part 15of FCC Rules, which are designedto provide reasonableprotectmrtagainst suchirrterferenceirra residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: ● Reorient the receiving antenna ● Relucate the computer with respect to the receiver . -
Laser Cooling and Trapping Lecture 1 Light Forces Lecture 2 Doppler
Laser cooling and trapping Lecture 1 Light forces Lecture 2 Doppler cooling Lecture 3 Sub-Doppler cooling Lecture 4 Magneto-optical trap Evaporative cooling How cold? 100 K 1 mK 77 K Liquid N2 10 K 100 µK 4 K Liquid 4He Laser cooling 1 K 10 µK 1 µK 100 mK 30 mK Dilution Bose – Einstein 10 mk refrigerator 100 nK condensate (Record : 500 pK) (Very…) short history Sub-Doppler cooling Beam slowing 1982 1988 Sub-recoil cooling 1980 1985 1990 1997 Optical molasses 1975 Hänsch, Schalow Demhelt, Wineland 1980 S. Chu W. Phillips C. Cohen- Gordon, Ashkin Tannoudji Zeeman slowing Slowed atoms Initial distribution Phillips, PRL 48, p. 596 (1982) Crossed dipole trap – crystal of light Optical lattices 1 - d 2 - d 3 - d (M. Greiner) Optical tweezers: trapping in 3 D High field seekers ω < ω0 Gaussian beam ~ ~ α Diffraction limited optics w ~ λ Trapping volume ~ π λ3 NA = sin α Ex: 1 mW on 1 µm w ~ λ/NA Trap depth = 1 mK Detecting a single atom CCD 5 µm 12 8 4 counts / ms 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 time (sec) Institut d’Optique, France Guiding an atom laser Institut d’Optique, France Bouncing atoms on a surface Institut d’Optique, 1996 3D optical molasses Chu (1985) Laser cooling and Maxwell Boltzman distribution Lett et al., JOSA B 11, p. 2024 (1989) The results of Phillips et al. (1988) Time-of-flight measurement Doppler theory For Na, TD = 240 µK Lett, PRL 61, p. 169 (1988) Laser cooled atoms (2010) Laser cooled atoms (2010) Discovery of sub-Doppler cooling (1988) Time-of-flight measurement Doppler theory For Na, TD = 240 µK Lett, PRL 61, p. -
MEMS Mirror Based Dynamic Solid State Lighting Module
Society for Information Display 2016 International Symposium, May 24th, 2016, San Francisco, CA MEMS Mirror Based Dynamic Solid State Lighting Module Abhishek Kasturi, Veljko Milanovic, James Yang Mirrorcle Technologies, Inc., Richmond CA Abstract Figure 1a,b images show a comparison of some sample content A novel dynamic solid state lighting (SSL) module is projected to the transparent film and a phosphor plate, demonstrated, allowing users to program the direction, brightness, respectively. Content is projected with a 40Hz refresh rate and divergence and shape of a projected white light in a variety of emission is mostly white. Significant brightness increase was lighting applications. The module is enabled by a fast beam- achieved by aluminum-mirror backing of the thin films. steering MEMS mirror with high optical power handling. In order a) b) to produce and project bright white light, the module illuminates a phosphor target with a high power laser of several Watts. A projection lens projects the phosphor target into a cone of light of up to 60°. This light projection is arbitrarily shaped and dynamically programmable by controlling a MEMS mirror scan head to address specific portions of the phosphor target. An adjustable focus lens in the scan head further allows control of Transparent emissive film Phosphor sample projected beam divergence. Successful prototypes were demonstrated with both a single 445nm laser diode source (2.5W Figure 1. Examples of monochrome vector content laser power) and with a dual (combined) laser diode sources displayed on emissive films, excited by a 405nm laser. (5.5W laser power). While the prototypes have to date been limited a) b) by available power of the laser sources, it is estimated that the novel MEMS mirror scan head design allows >10W (CW) operation on a 2mm mirror without multilayer dielectric coatings. -
HD DVD: Manufacturing Was Developed.This Recorder Is Equipped with a 257Nm Gas Laser (Frequency Doubled Ar+ Laser)
paper r& white d Six years ago, the LDM 3692 DUV recorder HD DVD: Manufacturing was developed.This recorder is equipped with a 257nm gas laser (frequency doubled Ar+ laser). All options with regards to future for- mats were still open at that time.The recorder features two recording spots, with a wobble The New Format option on both. This recorder is an adequate R&D tool to record HD DVD. BY DR. DICK VERHAART, from 740nm to 400nm. To read these smaller For HD DVD stamper manufacturing, a Singulus Mastering information structures, it is necessary to use recorder with a 266nm solid state laser was PETER KNIPS, blue diode lasers with a wavelength of 405nm developed. This system contains a stable and Singulus EMould instead of the 650nm red lasers used for CD easy to operate solid state laser, with a much DIETER WAGNER, and DVD. longer lifetime than the gas laser. As all pro- Singulus Technologies AG An advanced copy protection system will posed next-generation formats require only The third generation of optical disc formats is give better protection than what was avail- one spot, the system has a single recording set to arrive on the market by the end of this able for CD and DVD with mandatory serializ- spot. Spot deflection, required to create the year.As with Blu-ray Disc, the HD DVD format ing of each single HD DVD. The serialization groove wobble in the recordable and was developed to tremendously increase the will take place on the aluminum covered layer rewritable formats, is available as an option. -
Advanced Optics with Laser Pointer and Metersticks Roman Ya
Advanced Optics with Laser Pointer and Metersticks Roman Ya. Kezerashvili New York City College of Technology, The City University of New York 300 Jay Street, Brooklyn NY, 11201 Email: [email protected] Abstract We are using a laser pointer as a light source, and metersticks as an optical branch and the screen for wave optics experiments. It is shown the setup for measurements of wavelength of laser light and rating radial spacing of the CD, diffraction on a wire and a slit, observation of a polarization of light and observation of a hologram. 1. Introduction Laser pointers also know as laser penlights, have become very affordable recently due to new developments in laser technology. They are widely available at electronic stores, novelty shops, through mail order catalogs and by numerous other sources. They are in the price range from $1 to $30 as other electronic toys and are being treated as such by many parents and children. Pointers are used for other purposes such as the aligning of other lasers, laying pipes in construction, and as aiming devices for firearms. Laser pointer can be use to observe the interference, diffraction and polarization of light in college physics laboratory. Laser pointers can be used to produce holograms[1-2]. It been opinions it couldn't be done because of the short coherence of the beam and that laser pointer’s beam was not polarized. But it was practically proved that a laser pointer could be used not only to observe a hologram but to produce a high quality transmission and reflection display hologram[1-3]. -
Direct Frequency Comb Laser Cooling and Trapping
Selected for a Viewpoint in Physics PHYSICAL REVIEW X 6, 041004 (2016) Direct Frequency Comb Laser Cooling and Trapping A. M. Jayich,* X. Long, and W. C. Campbell Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA and California Institute for Quantum Emulation, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA (Received 11 May 2016; published 10 October 2016) Ultracold atoms, produced by laser cooling and trapping, have led to recent advances in quantum information, quantum chemistry, and quantum sensors. A lack of ultraviolet narrow-band lasers precludes laser cooling of prevalent atoms such as hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. Broadband pulsed lasers can produce high power in the ultraviolet, and we demonstrate that the entire spectrum of an optical frequency comb can cool atoms when used to drive a narrow two-photon transition. This multiphoton optical force is also used to make a magneto-optical trap. These techniques may provide a route to ultracold samples of nature’s most abundant building blocks for studies of pure-state chemistry and precision measurement. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.041004 Subject Areas: Atomic and Molecular Physics I. INTRODUCTION ultraviolet means that laser cooling and trapping is not currently available for the most prevalent atoms in organic High-precision physical measurements are often under- chemistry: hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen. taken close to absolute zero temperature to minimize Because of their simplicity and abundance, these species, thermal fluctuations. For example, the measurable proper- with the addition of antihydrogen, likewise play prominent ties of a room temperature chemical reaction (rate, roles in other scientific fields such as astrophysics [11] and product branching, etc.) include a thermally induced precision measurement [12], where the production of average over a large number of reactant and product cold samples could help answer fundamental outstanding quantum states, which masks the unique details of questions [13–15]. -
Laser Pointer Safety About Laser Pointers Laser Pointers Are Completely Safe When Properly Used As a Visual Or Instructional Aid
Harvard University Radiation Safety Services Laser Pointer Safety About Laser Pointers Laser pointers are completely safe when properly used as a visual or instructional aid. However, they can cause serious eye damage when used improperly. There have been enough documented injuries from laser pointers to trigger a warning from the Food and Drug Administration (Alerts and Safety Notifications). Before deciding to use a laser pointer, presenters are reminded to consider alternate methods of calling attention to specific items. Most presentation software packages offer screen pointer options with the same features, but without the laser hazard. Selecting a Safe Laser Pointer 1) Choose low power lasers (Class 2) Whenever possible, select a Class 2 laser pointer because of the lower risk of eye damage. 2) Choose red-orange lasers (633 to 650 nm wavelength, choose closer to 635 nm) The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) researchers found that some green laser pointers can emit harmful levels of infrared radiation. The green laser pointers create green light beam in a three step process. A standard laser diode first generates near infrared light with a wavelength of 808nm, and pumps it into a ND:YVO4 crystal that converts the 808 nm light into infrared with a wavelength of 1064 nm. The 1064 nm light passes into a frequency doubling crystal that emits green light at a wavelength of 532nm finally. In most units, a combination of coatings and filters keeps all the infrared energy confined. But the researchers found that really inexpensive green lasers can lack an infrared filter altogether. One tested unit was so flawed that it released nine times more infrared energy than green light. -
Radius Manual
500 Corporate Circle - Suite L Golden, CO 80401 Phone (303) 277-1188 Fax (303) 277-9669 Owner's Manual for EPILOG Radius Model 4000 Revision E, December 1998 Table Of Contents Title Page No. SECTION 1: GETTING STARTED.......................................................................... 5 UNPACKING YOUR MACHINE ........................................................................................... 5 CONNECTING POWER AND CONNECTING THE COMPUTER .................................. 5 CONNECTING THE EXHAUST ............................................................................................ 7 CONFIGURE YOUR COMPUTER ........................................................................................ 8 INSTALLING THE EPILOG RADIUS PRINT DRIVER .................................................................... 8 SECTION 2: SAFETY ............................................................................................. 10 LASER SAFETY ..................................................................................................................... 10 ELECTRICAL SAFETY. ....................................................................................................... 11 FIRE SAFETY. ........................................................................................................................ 11 SAFETY FEATURES AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE.......................................... 12 SECTION 3: USING THE EPILOG RADIUS PRINT DRIVER .......................... 15 RESOLUTION........................................................................................................................