MUSIQUE CONCRETE & of the 50s & 60s

Monday, February 22, 2010 Precursors to the Modern Synthesizer

The Teleharmonium (1897) Thaddeus Cahill "Get Music on Tap Like Gas or Water" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PPlbXl81Rs0 Some aspects developed eventually into the (ca. 1930)

Monday, February 22, 2010 Precursors - The

patented 1928 by Leon Theremin

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5qf9O6c20o Two Antennae - pitch and loudness used in 1950s Sci-Fi Soundtracks The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRc6f2oVdlw Spellbound (Hitchcock, 1956) Modern Performance http://www.ted.com/talks/pamelia_kurstin_plays_the_theremin.html (start at 6:00)

Monday, February 22, 2010 Precursors Optical Sound Track Manipulation

Oskar Fischinger & Ornament Sound

John & James Whitney Five Film Exercises john whitney five film exercises - Google Video whitney music box var. 0 - chromatic - 48 tines

Norman McLaren norman mclaren pen point - Google Video norman mclaren neighbours - Google Video

Monday, February 22, 2010 Musique Concrete

Pierre Schaeffer b. 1910, Nancy, ) - Symphony Pour Un Homme Seule

İlhan Mimaroğlu (b.1926, Istanbul) - Prelude #11

Hugh Lecaine - Dripsody

Steve Reich -(b.1936, New York) - Come Out To Show Them

Robert Normandeau - (b.1955, Quebec City) Cinema pour Oreilles

Monday, February 22, 2010 Pierre Schaeffer

Pierre Schaeffer b. 1910, Nancy, France) worked for ORTF in Paris “a concert of locomotives” - musical work based on train sounds aesthetic ancestor was and “The Art of Noise” Etude aux chemins de Fer (1948)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9pOq8u6-bA (scan chart in Schrader, p.12)

Monday, February 22, 2010 “Pure” Electronic Music

Karlheinz Stockhausen & The Cologne Studio Song of the Youths - (1955) Kontakt (1961) http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=aNt6a5xFOnE&feature=PlayList&p=BED586B72E4456F4&playnext=1&playnext_from=PL&index=95

Louis & Bebe Barron - (1956)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R8aIl03DTzg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIuc1_Qg4A8

Monday, February 22, 2010 Early Synthesizers

Robert Moog & - The

Peter Zinovieff - The EMS Synthi A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtktHPCoYgw&feature=related

Monday, February 22, 2010 History of Electronic Music

1960s - - Analog Synthesis

Monday, February 22, 2010 History of Electronic Music

1960s - Analog Synthesis

Walter Carlos - Switched-On Bach

Monday, February 22, 2010 1950s - Digital Synthesis

Max Mathews, Bell Labs (New York) Programming Languages - MUSIC I-V

MUSIC I (1957) - single melodies only MUSIC II (1958) - Four Part fundamental Principle THE SAMPLING THEOREM - sound can be accurately represented by a series of numbers - sampling rate must be 2x highest frequency

Monday, February 22, 2010 1950s - Digital Synthesis

UNIT GENERATORS - re-usable software components that represent audio processes OSCILLATOR - produce a tone FILTER - eliminate a tone or range of tones Signal Flow

Monday, February 22, 2010 1950s - Digital Synthesis UNIT GENERATORS - re-usable software components that represent audio processes

.comment VibTone instrument: .comment Sine wave with sine wave vibrato .comment and LINSEG envelope.

.prefix VT

.scorecard pitch (4.00 12.00 octpitch 8.00) amp (0 32000 amplitude 20000) ta (0 1 sec .01) tdy (0 1 sec .1) vibr (.01 20 Hz 7) viba (.001 .06 octpitch .01) lfrac (0 1)

.instrument float freq, ampi, vibri, vibai, phase, vibphase, lfraci; LINENS lstate;

.start phase = vibphase = 0.;

.note freq = sipitch(pitch); ampi = amp; vibri = sicps(vibr); vibai = freq*(frfacpitch(viba) - 1.); linset(ta,DUR,tdy,&lstate); lfraci = lfrac;

Monday, February 22, 2010 1950s - Digital Synthesis

Guttman, Silver Scale, Pitch Variations (1957) Pierce, Stochata (1959) - square waves Mathews, Masquerade (1963) Mathews, Speech Synthesis - Bicycle Built for Two J-C Risset, Audio Illusion - Endless Pitch Descent

Monday, February 22, 2010 History of Electronic Music

1980s - return to Digital Synthesis

FM Synthesis - Yamaha DX7 John Chowning, Stanford University patented 1975 licensed to Yamaha, 1983

Sampling Synthesis - EMU Emulator

Monday, February 22, 2010 History of Electronic Music

1990s - Physical Modeling Synthesis

Monday, February 22, 2010 What IS Physical Modelling?

• computer sound synthesis based on physical theory of the vibrating object - string, reed & air column, membrane

modes of vibration for a cylindrical air column

computer model of vibrating drum head

Monday, February 22, 2010 What IS Physical Modelling?

• analogous to computer graphics modelling of physical structures to simulate realistic dynamical behaviour

smoke synthesized with physical modelling (particle system)

animated dinosaur moves realistically by careful simulation of physical structure

Monday, February 22, 2010 What IS Physical Modelling? • colliding galaxies synthesized by John Dubinski, U. of T. Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics

colliding galaxies

Monday, February 22, 2010 JOS Proposed Clarinet Model (1986)

from “Efficient Simulation of the Reed-Bore and Bow-String Mechanisms”, Proceedings of the International Conference, The Hague, 1986

Monday, February 22, 2010