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WILC Vol1 Sims.Pdf WORKPAPERS IN INDONESIAN LINGUISTICS Volume I Edited by Marit Kana ' f .- ~ . ..... ' " \ '0 . ".. "" PROYEK KERJASAMA UNCEN-SIL Universitas Cenderawasih in cooperation with .. The Summer Institute of Linguistics 1982 Percetakan Universitas Cenderawasih Irian Jaya, Indonesia 3 PREFAcE This volume is the first of a new series entitled Workpapers in Indonesian Linguistics, published jointly by the Cenderawasl1l University and the Summer Institute of Linguistics, Jayapura, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. At the time of this writing the Summer Institute of Linguistics in cooperation with the Department of Education and Culture is carrying out linguistic and anthropological research in 20 languages in Irian Jaya and 3 in Central Sulawesi. The focus of these workpapers, then, will be the languages of Irian Jaya, with occasional contributions on Sulawesi languages and those from other areas of Indonesia. The articles will be mostly descriptive in nature, offering the reader sufficient data from which to draw material for his own individual research. Most of the five papers presented in this initial volume were produced during two UNCEN-SIL linguistics workshops in 1980 and 1981, at Danau Bira, Irian Jaya. Dr. Kenneth Gregerson was the main consultant for each of those workshops. Notice that we are calling these IIworkpapersll, with the realization that, in many cases, some conclusions will be quite tentative and further investigation might yield different results. Still, rather than hold on to these manuscripts until they are in some sort of IIcompleteness ll , we are publishing them as they are, with sincere hopes that this and ensuing volumes of Workpapers in Indonesian Linguistics will significantly contribute to our scarce, but growing, body of knowledge on the languages of this large and incredibly diverse nation of Indonesia . Marit Kana Jayapura, June 1982 4 FOREWORD Publikasi lnl yang diprakarsai oleh Dr. Kenneth Gregerson dan Miss Marit Kana adalah hasil daripada dua buah Lokakarya Linguistika yang diselenggarakan dalam rangka kerjasama antara The Summer Institute of Linguistics dengan Universitas Cenderawasih. Diharapkan bahw~ publikasi ini yang memuat keterangan pertama mengenai bahasa-bahasa daerah Iau, Ketengban dan Mairasi akan diikuti oleh edisi-edisi berikutnya untuk bahasa-bahasa lainnya di Irian Jaya. Semoga usaha-usaha pengungkapan informasi mengenai bahasa-bahasa daerah yang masih kurang dikenal di pedalaman Irian Jaya serta di I ndones i a pada umumnya ke 1ak akan bermanfaat bag i pengembangan dan pembangunan daerah-daerah tersebut. Rudy Tarumingkeng Rektor, Universitas Cenderawasih -' 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface 3 Foreword by Dr. Rudy Tarumingkeng 4 Table of Contents 5 Kepentingan Lingguistik Diakronis Bagi Penelitian Sinkronis Dalam Bahasa Ambai di Irian Jaya by Peter J. Silzer 6 Connectives in Bauzi Discourse by Dave Briley 14 The Topic-Comment Construction in Iau by Janet Bateman 28 Ketengban Phonology by Andrew and Anne Sims 50 Mairasi Verb Morphology by Lloyd Peckham 75 • KETENGBAN PHONOLOGY Andrew and Anne Sims O. Introduct i on This paper is a report on the initial phonological research of the Ketengban 1 language as spoken in the area of Omban. Omban is a village of approximately 350 people in the eastern highlands of Irian Jaya, Kabupaten Jayawijaya. The Ketengban language has at least two distinct dialect areas. One, the area to the east near Okbap, has been reported on by G. and J. Fowler and M. and J. Rule based on data collected by the Fowlers over the period of 1970-1972 and by the Rules during the months of July and August, 1972. 2 A second report was made in the area of Bime, a village to the west, by J. and S. DeVries, Summer Institute of Linguistics, based on their work in the area in 1976. 3 Omban is located at 140°25 ' East, 4°26 ' South and is fairly central geographically in the language group and represents a slightly different dialect of the language. Ketengban is a member of the Mek family in the Trans-New Guinea Phylum. 4 1. Phonological Word The phonological word (PW) in Ketengban is the domain of one stress. The stressed syllable is frequently, but not always, accompanied by higher pitch than the non-stressed syllables. The majority of PWs consist of one to three syllables although words of up to five syllables are known to occur. 1.1 Stress Stress is phonemic, as evidenced by the following contrasts: Between nouns: I'bumel [' burnt"] 'horsefly' /bu'me/ [bu'mt:] I short' / 'kalum/ ['kalum] 'charcoal' /ka '1 um/ [ka'lum] 'tapioca type' Between noun and verb: I 'banal --L'bana] 'to walk I /ba'na/ [ba'na] 'jaw' /'galuna/ ['galuna] I veget ab 1e type I /ga'luna/ ega '1 una] 'to wear net bag with base on head ' KETENGBAN PHONOLOGY 51 Between verbs: J'kouna/ ['koUnaJ Ito bundle up' /kou'nal [koU'naJ 'to pl ant' I '130n a/ [ll3onaJ Ito squeeze l /l3o ' na/ [l3o'naJ Ito hit, kill I 1.2 Shape of the Phonological Word PWs exhibit the following syllable and stress patterns: One-syllable words: 'S I 'l3a/ [ll3aJ Ibamboo type I I'bol [I bo J I leaf I I' kau/ [ 'kaU] Ibark basket I I' lye/ [I lYE.] Igrass skirt I Two-syll ab le words: 'SS I'gile/ ['gl.l£J 'rock I I '~emna/ [I t~mna] Ito snap, break I I'kamil/ ['kamt.l] Itaro type I l I'lue/ [ I 1u~] 'flower stem, plant runner S'S Imun'du/ [mun'duJ Istomach I /melsa/ [m(lsa] Isago I Ike'kol/ [kE 'kol] I armpit I Iga'wal/ [ga'wal] 'portion of work still left' Three-syllable words: ISSS I' gamkona/ [ Igamkona] Ito live ' I 10r-tara/ [IOr'tara] lover there ' / Ikimyam~e/ [I k imyamo£] 'bird type I I'yasisiml [ Iyas i s im] 'bird type I S'SS Ikal'kemna/ [kal'ktmna] Ito know, study' la'suru/ [alsuru] Ieye I Ide 'tina/ [df Irina] Ito give, putl Ite'lilJa/ [tE ' li9a] Itaro type I SS'S 1\ /gusu9Ina/ [g~su~ Ina] Ito blow nose l li¥i Ina/ [lri 'na] Ito hold in arms, to sit on eggs l Iki¥i 'kal [kt..~; 'kaJ I earwax I I auto I na/ [aUtolnaJ Ito laugh' 52 KETENGBAN PHONOLOGY Four-syllable words: '$$$$ I'lukta"konel [ 'luktapkonE] , I'll pu 11 it down' I' gu'fte¥en al [ 'gurtf,-J" rfna ] 'to smell' l'we~d09onal [ 'w£~d09onaJ 'to enter' I' burataral [ 'burataraJ 'outside' S'SSS Ide'do9onal [dE'do~ona] 'to jump' I"e '1 awinal ["f '1 awinaJ 'several people carry' Idur'yakanal [dur'ya§ana] 'to fall on X' le'remdonal [t. 'tfmdona] 'to 1ift' SS'SS Igo~om'danal [gorom'dana] 'to bump into' I co 1ok ' "en al [t~olok',,£.naJ ' Ad am's app 1e ' Isikan 'kanyal [s i kan 'kanya] 'jaw' Itomor'tonal [tomor 'ton a] 'to turn around' SSS'S Idinikma'rel [dinikma'tf.] 'it's full' Five-syllable words: S'SSSS Ika'lemdorJonal [ka'lfmdol)ona] 'to cook in a pit' SS'SSS v N Idoko'terbenel [do~o't£rb(nf] 'I'm going to put it in' 2. Phonological Syllable The phonological syllable consists of a vowel peak with a single mora of timing, preceded optionally by a consonant onset and followed optionally by a consonant coda. The vowel peak may be a simple or complex filler. This may be manifested by the formula: S = (C) V (V) (C)5 2.1 SYllable Types Syllable types found in the language are: v, VC, VV, VVC, CV, evv, evc, and CVVC. Each syllable type may occur as a mono-syllabic word except for VV and VVC. KETENGBAN PHONOLOGY 53 ~ 2.2 Syllable Distribution The following are examples of the various syllable distributions within the PW: One-syllable words: V I'ul [' u] 'nose' ve I'aml [' am] 'taro' ev I'mal [ 'rna] 'bird' evv I' k aul [lkaU~ 'bark basket' eve I'boll ['bol 'skin' evve I'mouml [ 'moUrn] 'milk, breast' Two-syllable words: v.ev I'imel [' im£] 'sky' v.eve lu'ruf31 [u'rup] 'top' ve.ev le~'nal [E~ Ina] 'ripe' ve.eve Ie 'mokl [( 'mok] 'sweet potato type' vve.ev I'oumnal ['oUmna ] 'to place on top' ev.v Idu' al [du'a] 'cloud, fog' eV.ev I'gilel ['gll(] 'rock' eV.evv l'bulJail ['bulJa'j 'bird type' eV.eve Ike'koll [kl.'kOl 'armpit ' evv.ev I'kaitel 'ka~t£] 'flower' evv.eve /'neitaml ['ne'tam] 'in the middle' eve.ev Imun'dul [mun 'du J. 'stomach' eve.evv /kwa~'nai/ [kWa~'na'] 'fork in river, branches' eve.eve /ben' tal I [b!n ~tal] 'mud' evve. CV I '9aimnal [' ~a 'mna] 'to shout' evv.v /'doue/ [IQOU(] 'drought' vv.ve lai '0131 [a' ~opJ 'taro type' evV.ve /tai '09/ [ta"ol)] 'vefetab 1e ype' Three-syllable words: V.tV.tV /i'kine/ [i Ik i n€] Iheavy' v.eve.ev /0' 1af3ne/ [0' 1apn€ ] 'slippery' ve.ev.cv /arma'sel [arma's£,] 'lemon grass! vv.ev.ev /auto 'nal [aUto'na] 'to laugh' ev.cv.CV /tele'na/ [U1E.'na] 'to cut in 1\ half' eV.ev.evv / 'mekenai/ ['mf.kena i] 'bathing ., pl ace I CV.CV.CVC Igolu'maml [golu~mamJ 'taro type' CV.CVV.V 19a9a i 'al [9a9a' 'a] 'taro type' eV.evv.ev I'kedounal [ 'kEdOUnaj 'to borrow' CV.CVC.CV Ibofum 'nal [bo~um'na 'to bump into' 54 KETENGBAN PHONOLOGY eV.eve.evv /1 ell i mn a i / [1£11 imna; j Ito cover I eV.eve.evc /dikin'mut/ [dikin'mut 'taro type' CV.CVVC.CV /ga'~oumna/ _ [gal~oUmna] 'to gnaw l evv.cv.ev /'kainer)e/ [ 'kQ.'nfO£] Ivery ripe' evv.evc.cv /1 e ill i mn a/ [ 1e' I 1i mn a] Icurtai n I CVC.CV.CV /'gamkona/ [ 'gamkol')at 'to 1ive' evc.cvv.CVC /kul)'deine~/ [kul) Ide' n! r] Itaro type' evc.cvc.CV /kal 'kemna/ [kal'kE.mna] 'to study' evvc.cv.CV /'bounkona/ [ 'boUnkona] 'to be weak' Four-syllable words: v.evc.cv.CV /0 I 1af3don a/ [011 apdona] Ito s 1 i P , ev.cv.CV.CV /fje I 1awi n a/ [fj f I 1aw ina] I severa 1 people carry' eV.cv.ev.evc /kono'meryen/ [kono'mE9f.n] Isweet pot ato type I eV.cvc.cvc.ev /sikan 'kanya/ [sikan 'kanya] Ijawl eV.cvc.ev.cv /ko '~amdona/ [ko'tamdona] 'to avoid I evv.cv.cv.ev /'meisisisa/ ['me'sisisa] 'taro type I eve.cv.cv.CV /'fjofjmanere/ [I fjopmanfh:] I it hit me' evc.evc.cv.CV /'luktafjkone/ [ 'luktapkonE] 11'11 put it down' Five-syllable words: cV.tVt.CV.tV.CV /ka'lemd090na/ [k a I If.mdo!}on a] Ito cook in a pitl ...J eV.cv.evc.cv.CV /doko'terbene/ [do§o I t£ rbt n~] '11m going to put I 3.
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