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Trans-Border Advocacy Network in Tobacco Control: the Adoption of WHO-FCTC Best Practices Into Domestic Laws in Ghana and Malawi Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2012 Trans-border Advocacy Network in Tobacco Control: The Adoption of WHO-FCTC Best Practices into Domestic Laws in Ghana and Malawi Edward Brenya West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Brenya, Edward, "Trans-border Advocacy Network in Tobacco Control: The Adoption of WHO-FCTC Best Practices into Domestic Laws in Ghana and Malawi" (2012). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4837. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4837 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Trans-border Advocacy Network in Tobacco Control: The Adoption of WHO-FCTC Best Practices into Domestic Laws in Ghana and Malawi Edward Brenya Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Donley Studlar, Ph.D, Chair Graeme Donovan, Ph.D Scott Crichlow, Ph.D Susan Hunter, Ph.D John Kilwein, Ph.D Department of Political Science Morgantown, West Virginia 2012 Key words: Tobacco Control, Policy Adoption, Knowledge Transfer, Multi-level Policy Transfer Approaches, Global Advocacy Network, Liberal-Constructivism, Voluntary Agreements, Developing Countries © 2012 Edward Brenya ABSTRACT Trans-border Advocacy Network in Tobacco Control: The Adoption of WHO-FCTC Best Practices into Domestic Laws in Ghana and Malawi The study investigates the politics characterizing the adoption of tobacco control policy in Ghana and Malawi as a way of contributing to political science literature. It combines the global advocacy network, the multi-level policy transfer, and the liberal-constructivist theories as a single framework to examine their effects on tobacco control policy adoption. Methodologically, the study uses a comparative case study approach complemented by elite interviews, review of secondary materials, and policy documents. The study finds that neither of the Parliaments of the two countries has adopted any legislation that is properly enforced. However, both countries have certain voluntary agreements to control tobacco that were adopted through administrative directives by the Ministry of Health. Ghana has signed and ratified the WHO-FCTC protocol and the voluntary agreements adopted are well respected. In addition, the National Parliament is currently debating a draft tobacco control bill with the hope of passing a law before the end of 2012. On the contrary, Malawi has not signed the FCTC tobacco control protocol and the few voluntary agreements are in jeopardy following the establishment of a privately owned domestic tobacco manufacturing company in 2009. In the end, the study argues that the voluntary agreement often considered ineffective tobacco control instrument in many western countries could be the means of controlling the health hazards associated with tobacco in developing countries where the National Parliament fails to adopt tobacco control legislation. However, the effectiveness of the voluntary agreement depends on the structure and nature of activities of the tobacco industry network and tobacco control network, especially the influence of the Ministry of Health in each of the countries and possibly other developing countries. Where policymakers are directly involve in the tobacco business, little maybe achieve with the adoption of voluntary agreements as tobacco control instruments and vice versa. Dedicated to Donley Studlar, Jennifer McIntosh, the late S.W. E. Brenyah, Margaret Osei-Owusu, my wife and children - Patricia Ama Bonsu-Brenya, Edward Nana Kwabena Bonsu Brenya, Jude Nana Adusei Brenya, Angelina Nana Serwaa Brenya-, Judy McGinn and Dick McGinn, Mr. Collins K. Adusei, and His Royal Highness, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II, Asantehene for making this dream a reality. Dissertation |Brenya | iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The contributions and expertise of several individuals and organizations made this dissertation a reality. First, I wish to express my profound gratitude to Dr. Donley Studlar, Dr. Graeme Donovan, Dr. Susan Hunter, Dr. Scott Crichlow, Dr. John Kilwein, and Mrs. Patricia Osei Brenya for the valuable suggestions offered on the earlier drafts of the work, which greatly impacted the quality of the study. In addition, I want to appreciate the financial contributions from the President Office for Social Justice, the Political Science Department, the Eberly College of Arts and Science, and the Africana Studies Program, which made the completion of this study possible. Other individuals also supported me in diverse ways during this study for which I owe appreciation. In particular, I wish to extend my sincere appreciation for the invaluable love, support and inspiration I enjoyed from my sweetheart, Mrs. Patricia Osei Brenya and children, Edward Brenya, Jude Brenya, and Angelina Brenya, which gave me the peace of mind and motivation to complete the study. In addition, I thank Dr. Dick McGinn and Mrs. Judy McGinn, Ms. Jennifer McIntosh, Mr. Charles Morris and Mrs. Lois Morris, Mrs. Susan Studlar, Mrs. Sharon Mallow, Mrs. LeeAnn Greathouse, the African Students Association, Dr. Francis Godwyll, Mr. Collins K. Adusei, Nana Brefo Boateng, Mr. I. K Gyasi, The Board Members of the Otumfuo Education Fund, Dr. Felix Kumah – Abiwu and family, Rev. Kobina Ayittey, Bagnini Kohoun, Kombe Kapatamoyo, Timothy Adivilah, Jacob Sanwidi, Dr. and Mrs. Azumah, Dr. and Mrs. Cwrobreski, Dr. Marty Otanez, Dr. Hadii Mamudu, Dr. Bossman Asare, Dr. Jeffrey Worsham, Dr. Jeffrey Drope, Dr. Sallah, Auntie Cecilia, and His Royal Highness, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II, the King of Asante Kingdom, Ghana, for the enormous moral support and encouragement I received from them. I also wish thank individuals and institutions such as the Maranatha Evangelistic Ministry - Kumasi, the Redeem Christian Church International, Morgantown, the Morgantown Church of Christ, the Prayer Warriors of Benny Hinn Ministries, Rev. Asante Gyimah, Elder Kofi Nti, Pastor Collins, Pastor Nicholas, Mrs. Margaret Osei Owusu, Mr. Samuel Brenyah (B.B), Rev. Evans Brenyah, Godfred Brenyah, Joe Agyeman Prempeh, Michael Brenya, Angelina Brenya, Rexford Brenyah, Mr. and Mrs. Osei Bonsu, Sister Emelia, Kofi Panin, Kofi Ketewa, Pastor Kofi Sarbour and my wife and kids for their spiritual intercession, which granted me the mercies and favor of God for this study to become a reality. Of course, this study will not have been possible without the encouragement of my late father, Mr. S.W.E. Brenyah, my late uncle Opanin Akwasi Asiama (Sony Boy) and my sweet mother Margaret Osei Owusu, to pursue a doctoral degree and I say a big thank you to them. Last by not the least, I wish to thank the experts/interviewees who willingly accepted to share their expertise on tobacco control with me. Above all, I thank the Lord Almighty for the grace and favor granted me to sail through the doctoral degree which has given birth to this accomplishment. Dissertation |Brenya | v Abbreviation and Acronyms ACS America Cancer Society ACF Advocacy Coalition Framework APACT Asia Pacific Association for the Control of Tobacco ATCA Africa Tobacco Control Alliance ATCRI Africa Tobacco Control Research Initiative ATSA Africa Tobacco Situational Analysis BAT British American Tobacco Company BMRC British Medical Research Council CCAP Church of Central Africa Presbyterian CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention CEPS Customs, Excise, and Preventive Service CHOGM Commonwealth Head of Government Meeting CIHR Canadian Institutes of Health Research CSR Corporate Social Responsibility CTFK Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids ECLT Eliminating Child Labor in Tobacco Growing FCA Framework Convention Alliance FCP Framework Convention Parties FCTC Framework Convention on Tobacco Control FDA Food and Drugs Board FORCE Forum for a Clean Environment GCTC Gold Coast Tobacco Company GDP Gross Domestic Product GDHS Ghana Demographic Health Survey Dissertation |Brenya | vi GES Ghana Education Service GHS Ghana Health Service GNA Ghana News Agency GPRTU Ghana Private Road Transport Union GTB Ghana Tourist Board GTC Global Tobacco Control GTLC Ghana Tobacco Leaf Company GTSS Global Tobacco Surveillance System GYTS Global Youth Tobacco Survey ICITT International Conference on Illicit Tobacco Trade IDRC International Development Research Center IGO International Governmental Organization ILCSC International Liaison Committee on Smoking Control INGCAT International Nongovernmental Coalition against Tobacco INWAT International Network of Women against Tobacco ITG International Tobacco Ghana ITGA International Tobacco Growers Association IUAC International Union against Cancer IUTLD International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease PAHO Pan African Health Organization PHASA Public
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