Evaluating the Effects of the Blennerhassett Island Bridge Crossing (Ohio River) on Soil, Vegetation, and Wildlife

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Evaluating the Effects of the Blennerhassett Island Bridge Crossing (Ohio River) on Soil, Vegetation, and Wildlife Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2010 Evaluating the Effects of the Blennerhassett Island Bridge Crossing (Ohio River) on Soil, Vegetation, and Wildlife Joshua Allen Vance West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Vance, Joshua Allen, "Evaluating the Effects of the Blennerhassett Island Bridge Crossing (Ohio River) on Soil, Vegetation, and Wildlife" (2010). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 3070. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/3070 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evaluating the Effects of the Blennerhassett Island Bridge Crossing (Ohio River) on Soil, Vegetation, and Wildlife Joshua Allen Vance Thesis submitted to the Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Wildlife and Fisheries Resources James T. Anderson, Ph.D., Chair Petra Bohall Wood, Ph.D., Committee Member Norse B. Angus, Committee Member Morgantown, West Virginia 2010 Key Words: anurans, Blennerhassett Island, bridge, island, mammals, Ohio River, songbirds, turtles, waterbirds Copyright 2010 Joshua Allen Vance ABSTRACT Evaluating the Effects of the Blennerhassett Island Bridge Crossing (Ohio River) on Soil, Vegetation, and Wildlife Joshua Allen Vance Corridor D was one of the original 23 highway corridors selected by the Appalachian Highway Development System in 1965 and stretches from Bridgeport, West Virginia to Cincinnati, Ohio. The last piece of Corridor D to be completed was the Blennerhassett Island Bridge which crosses over the Ohio River and Blennerhassett Island near Parkersburg, West Virginia and Belpre, Ohio. The Blennerhassett Island Bridge is a tied-arch style bridge about 1,220 m in length and 24 m above the ground and water surface. Construction of the bridge began in March 2005 and the bridge was opened to the public in June 2008. This study examined environmental impacts of the Blennerhassett Island Bridge to comply with mitigation requirements for the West Virginia Department of Transportation, Division of Highways in accordinance with the Blennerhassett Island Bridge Final Environmental Impact Statement. From October 2007 through July 2009, I researched the impacts of the Blennerhassett Island Bridge upon vegetation, soil, and the following wildlife groups: waterbirds, songbirds, anurans, turtles, small mammals, and furbearers. Comparisons were made to two other islands (Buckley Island [bridge crossing present for about 45 years] and Muskingum Island [no bridge crossing]), to three distances from the bridge (0 [under], 100, and 300 m), and to pre-construction data collected during the 1985-1987 and 1998-2000 time periods. Over the course of this study, 170 plant, 19 waterbird, 60 songbird, 7 anuran, 5 turtle, 9 small mammal, and 4 furbearer species were detected among the three islands. Also, 19 soil variables were analyzed. Vegetative communities were different under the bridge compared to other sampling distances and pre-construction data. Vegetative communities were composed of species from the seed mixture used for reclamation, exotic and invasive species, and disturbance tolerant species with low herbaceous cover and minimal woody plants. Thirteen soil variables (phosphorus, bray II phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, manganese, soluble sulfur, zinc, aluminum, copper, total exchange capacity, organic matter, and estimated nitrogen released) had altered levels under the Blennerhassett Island Bridge and/or Buckley Island Bridge. Great blue heron (Ardea herodias) abundances were lower at islands with bridges. Songbird abundances were lower under the bridge and species composition differed compared to other distances with generalist species present under the bridge. Carolina chickadee (Poecile carolinensis), Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), and common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) abundances were lower under the bridge and rock pigeon (Columba livia), cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) abundances were highest under bridges. Overall small mammal abundance, richness, and diversity were lower under the new bridge compared to other distances and abundances of Peromyscus spp. were lower under the new bridge. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) occurrences were lower under the new bridge compared to other sites and distances. Anurans and turtles showed no differences among islands and distances. The Blennerhassett Island Bridge was found to have some impacts to vegetation, soil, and wildlife. These impacts, however, are minor in scale and are mostly limited to the area directly under the bridge and did not impact large portions of Blennerhassett Island or the adjacent mainlands. Some of these impacts under the bridge include: altered soil chemistry, altered amount and type of vegetation, attraction of exotic and non-native vegetation, lower abundances and different composition of songbirds, attraction of urbanized songbird species, lower abundance, richness, and diversity of small mammals, and changes and alteration in habitat. I recommend that all possible care should be taken during future bridge construction to minimize environmental impacts to vegetation, soil, and wildlife and to restore the impacted land back to previous conditions. I also suggest that vegetation, soil, songbirds, and small mammals should continually be monitored at the Blennerhassett Island site to determine if these impacts found in this study are temporary or permanent. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost I thank my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ who died for my sins and changed my heart. I would not be the person I am today without His work in me. I thank my major advisor Dr. James T. Anderson for his advice, patience, and willingness to work with me through difficult times. I thank my other committee members Dr. Petra Wood and Norse B. Angus for their support and advice. I thank the West Virginia Department of Transportation, Division of Highways for providing funding for this project. Special thanks go to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and West Virginia Division of Natural Resources Wildlife Resources and Parks and Recreation sections specifically Patty Morrison, Scott Morrison, Gary Batton, Jeff McCrady, and Matt Baker for their cooperation with this project including use of boats and 5 star living arrangements at the world renowned “Bass Shack”. I am endebted to Dr. Phil Turk and Dr. George Merovich for their assistance with statistical analyses with this project. I thank Dr. Jim Rentch and the late Bill Grafton for their assistance and unprecedented knowledge displayed during vegetation sampling. I thank my fellow graduate students for their support, encouragement, advice, and friendship during my time at WVU. I thank my friend and mentor Bill Tolin for his work on the Ohio River islands and the advice he provided for me throughout this project. I thank the biologists from the WVDNR Wildlife Diversity unit in Elkins, WV for support and encouragement during this study. Many thanks go to the multiple technicians, volunteers, and graduate students who are too many to name who assisted with this project. Much appreciation is extended to my Uncle Dan and Aunt Rhonda for opening their house to me and the hospitality they provided. Lastly, I thank my parents, David Vance and Rachael Vance, for instilling the love of the outdoors into my heart and encouraging me to always chase and never give up on my dreams. I love you both. iv Table of Contents ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ v CHAPTER 1 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 2 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 2 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. x CHAPTER 3 LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 4 LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 4 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ xii LIST OF APPENDICES .............................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Ohio River Islands Draft Hunting Plan
    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge Hunting Plan April 2021 - DRAFT Wells Island – Janet Butler/USFWS Appendix A – Hunting Compatibility Determination Appendix B – Environmental Assessment Appendix C – Intra-Service Section 7 Evaluation Estimated Lead Agency Total Costs Associated with Developing and Producing the EA (per ERM 10-12): $6,838 Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge Hunting Plan April 2021 - DRAFT U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ohio River Islands National Wildlife Refuge 3982 Waverly Road Williamstown, WV 26187 Submitted By: Project Leader ______________________________________________ ____________ Signature Date Concurrence: Refuge Supervisor ______________________________________________ ____________ Signature Date Approved: Regional Chief National Wildlife Refuge System ______________________________________________ ____________ Signature Date Table of Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Statement of Objectives ............................................................................................................. 3 III. Description of Hunting Program ............................................................................................... 3 A. Areas to be Opened to Hunting ........................................................................................ 3 B. Species to be Taken, Hunting Periods, Access ...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter 2021 March
    NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS N e w s Native Plant Society of Texas, North Central Chapter P Newsletter Vol 33, Number 3 S March 2021 O ncc npsot newsletter logo newsletter ncc npsot © 2018 Troy & Martha Mullens & Martha © 2018 Troy Purple Coneflower — Echinacea sp. T March Program by March 2021 Meeting Mark Morganstern Propagation Techniques for Native Plants Virtual See page 15 Chapter of the Year (2016/17) Chapter Newsletter of the Year (2019/20) Visit us at ncnpsot.org & www.txnativeplants.org Index President's Corner by Gordon Scruggs ..................... p. 3ff Chapter Leaders Flower of the Month, Plains Coreopsis President — Gordon Scruggs by Josephine Keeney ........................................ p. 6f [email protected] Activities & Volunteering for March 2021 by Martha Mullens ....................................... p. 8f Past President — Karen Harden Prairie Verbena by Avon Burton ................................ p. 10 Vice President & Programs — Answer to last month’s puzzle and a new puzzle ...... p. 11 Morgan Chivers March Calendar” Page by Troy Mullens ................... p. 12 Recording Secretary — Debbie Stilson Dewberry by Martha Mullens .................................... p. 13f Treasurer — Position open March Program .............................................................. p. 15 Hospitality Chair — Corinna Benson, Membership Report by Beth Barber .......................... p. 16 Hospitality by Corinna Benson .................................. p. 16 Traci Middleton February Meeting Minutes by Debbie Stilson
    [Show full text]
  • A Palynological Investigation of Louisiana Honeys. Meredith Elizabeth Hoag Lieux Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1969 A Palynological Investigation of Louisiana Honeys. Meredith Elizabeth hoag Lieux Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Lieux, Meredith Elizabeth hoag, "A Palynological Investigation of Louisiana Honeys." (1969). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 1675. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/1675 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 70-9075 LIEUX, Meredith Elizabeth Hoag, 1939- A PALYNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF LOUISIANA HONEYS. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1969 Botany University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan (c) Meredith Elizabeth Hoag Lieux 1970. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED A PALYNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF LOUISIANA HONEYS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology by Meredith Elizabeth Hoag Lieux B.S., Louisiana State University,.1960 M.S., University of Mississippi, 1964 August, 1969 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Sincere appreciation is expressed to Dr. Clair A. Brown for his assistance and guidance throughout this study. I especially wish to recognize and again thank him for his work on the photographs used in m y manuscript and for the reference pollen that he made available to me.
    [Show full text]
  • Docket No. FWS–HQ–NWRS–2018–0020; FXRS12610900000-189-FF09R20000]
    This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 09/10/2018 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2018-19173, and on govinfo.gov Billing Code 4333-15 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 32 [Docket No. FWS–HQ–NWRS–2018–0020; FXRS12610900000-189-FF09R20000] RIN 1018-BC07 2018-2019 Refuge-Specific Hunting and Sport Fishing Regulations AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, open 3 National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs, or refuges) to hunting, open 1 NWR to sport fishing, increase the hunting activities available at 26 NWRs, increase sport fishing activities at 4 NWRs, and add pertinent refuge- specific regulations for other NWRs that pertain to migratory game bird hunting, upland game hunting, big game hunting, and sport fishing for the 2018–2019 season. Through these openings and expansions, we open or expand an additional 251,000 acres to hunting and sport fishing within the Refuge System resulting in an estimated increase of 17,575 user days yielding approximately $711,000 in recreation-related expenditures. By having ripple effects throughout the economy, these direct expenditures yield a total economic impact of approximately $1.6 million. DATES: This rule is effective [INSERT DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Katherine Harrigan, (703) 358-2440. 1 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 closes NWRs in all States except Alaska to all uses until opened. The Secretary of the Interior (Secretary) may open refuge areas to any use, including hunting and/or sport fishing, upon a determination that the use is compatible with the purposes of the refuge and National Wildlife Refuge System mission.
    [Show full text]
  • BUSH FRUITS in the Home Garden
    Extension Bulletin 323 July, 1951 how to grow in the home garden By Vernon Patterson, Extension Horticulturist Agricultural Extension Service The Ohio State University PLUM SOUR 16' 22' CHERRY 2?.' 16' x x ~ONT MORENCY ST+HJl.EY \...~ C ......----.---....--..........__-_____ __,..________ ---~ lC,l(A1ll#Xltlillllil11;Jr,Jll(ll •JfAll.lallllL ___.__...--.._...____~_.,..__,,,....._......__...__ ____ ___............~......__...._..- / L.f\THAM RED R.fl5f'Bl:RRlfS _/ ~~~~---,---......__.,.-..---...,,------:'\ L!--!-~~:__~~..:.-:....-:--~~~~_:..~~_:) .fl R€..fi I -AREA Il c: --~--~-~~~----.,,.... .__,,, . .__.._..__ . ') _ ________ ,...~ ~ .......-----­ ) Us£ Vt::GfTilBLes c~----~~--~--"""'. .. :___. _) · OR __..--~--_____....._ __ CULTIV-ATfD CROPS HfRr FIRST YE~R IN L+lTER Y:f:-ARS ROT-AT-E: NEW STR-BWSERRY Pl.-ANTINGS ____,...__..,_.._.. BE:TWEJ:N -AREAS I AND II c:---------------------3_________. .. .. " .. C------~------..: .....:.. .:__:_:_:.....:.....:_:_:......:.. :_ =-..:....:..:....:_ .:.,:... :_ "_/....... c=-----------.J-,.------------........ • .. • • # • • • • • .. .. • • • • • .) C __.......--• • • • • • ......__...• ---------....• • ________• • • • • • • • .. • • ...,,).. l s· I. ~ooor~c,r~)oroor)o()--! .__,.) B 6 v C l._._,) c C ~ G ._/ \CORTLAND l' \JoNATtlAN j "-sTAYMAN WINrSAP / ~· ~or~J[)r~or~c)OOC~~r:w: /\.,...... ) 6 "-._,../ 6 "-,_) C \.,__ , C~ C .../ G __/ 'ff:Ll.OW TR4N5PARENT 1 '-wt:~L.T+IY./ GOLDEN 0£LIC10U5 f 8• $Ive.berries C• C1.1rranfs e = Goosebernes Plan for a home fruit garden, using dwarf apples. Seale: 1/16" = 1' 2 howtogrow BUSH FRUITS in the home garden OST bush fruits and brambles can be grown successfully in Ohio M home gardens. Red, black, and purple raspberries, blackberries, gooseberries, and currants are fairly easy to grow, but dewberries, youngberries, loganberries, and boysenberries are not well adapted to Ohio conditions and need protection against cold winter weather.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Guide to Wood County,WV Historic Background
    Historic Guide to Wood County,WV Historic Background The history of Wood County is as rich and varied as that of any part of the United States. It stretches back to almost 9,000 BC when its first human inhabitants, then Virginia. (A settler made a tomahawk claim by ringing Indians, are known to have lived, worked and played or marking the trees at the corners of the land to mark the here. By the late 1600s French explorers and traders claim. The claim would have to go through a legal process had penetrated the region soon followed by the English. before the title would be granted.) White settlement did not come until the 1760s when squatters illegally took possession Captain James Neal, another Revolutionary War officer of the Indians’ land. The United who was a deputy surveyor of Monongalia County, in 1784 States Army drove them out in surveyed the land sold to Parker. Thornton instructed Neal to 1785, the same year permanent survey the property in straight lines, which omitted nooks of settlers arrived. land along the riverbank. A year after Parker died, Thorton transferred the nooks, about 69 acres, to John Stokely to After surviving a bloody Indian quit-claim on April 18, 1792, and Stokely in that same year War (1791-1795), the area filed the claim in Harrison County. entered an era of gradual expansion and development. In 1796, Stokely surveyed and established the town of Population growth was very Springville, also called Stokelyville, a typically rudimentary slow and life very southern in its customs.
    [Show full text]
  • OHIO RIVER ISLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ANNUAL NARRATIVE CALENDA^Rea^998 REVIEW and APPROVALS
    ) OHIO RIVER ISLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ANNUAL NARRATIVE CALENDA^rEA^998 REVIEW AND APPROVALS OHIO RIVER ISLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Parkersburg, West Virginia ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1998 Refcfuge Manager Date Refuge Supervisor Review Date REVIEW AND APPROVALS OHIO RIVER ISLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Parkersburg, West Virginia ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1998 L: Rdfuge Manager Date Refuge Supervisorirvisor R€Review Date Regional Office Approval Date OHIO RIVER ISLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Parkersburg, West Virginia ANNUAL NARRATIVE REPORT Calendar Year 1998 U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 A. HIGHLIGHTS 2 B. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 3 C. LAND ACQUISITION 1. Fee Title 4 2. Easements 6 3. Other 6 D. PLANNING 1. Master Plan 6 2. Management Plan 9 3. Public Participation Nothing to Report 4. Compliance with Environmental and Cultural Resources Mandates 9 5. Research and Investigations Nothing to Report 6. Other Nothing to Report E. ADMINISTRATION 1. Personnel 9 2. Youth Programs Nothing to Report 3. Other Manpower Programs Nothing to Report 4. Volunteer Program 14 5. Funding 18 6. Safety 19 7. Technical Assistance 19 8. Other 22 F. HABITAT MANAGEMENT 1. General 22 2. Wetlands 23 3. Forests 24 4. Croplands Nothing to Report 5. Grasslands Nothing to Report 6. Other Habitats Nothing to Report 7. Grazing Nothing to Report 8. Haying 26 9. Fire Management Nothing to Report 10. Pest Control 26 11. Water Rights Nothing to Report 12. Wilderness and Special Area Nothing to Report 13. WPA Easement Monitoring Nothing to Report i G.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Pomological Society
    The American Pomological Society History of Wilder Award Winners Year Wilder Medal Awardee 1873 'Clapp's Favorite' Pear 1875 Marshall P. Wilder - For founding and building the society. Patrick Barry - For valuable service to the society as chairman of the fruit committee. Thomas P. James - For faithful service as treasurer of the society. John J. Thomas - For designing the Wilder Medal. 1881 Robert Manning - For long and valued service in the cause of American pomology. 1885 Professor William J. Beal - For valuable services as secretary of the society. 1911 Lue Gim Gong Orange - Glen St. Mary's Nurseries Company, Deland, FL. 1913 'Goudeau' Orange - L.A. Goudeau, Lake Charles, LA. 'Branch' Apple - James. M. Hoge, Virginia (Bronze medal). 1915 'Hubbard' Grape - T. S. Hubbard Company, Fredonia, NY. 1917 'Turley Winesap' Apple - Joseph A. Burton, Mitchell, IN. 1919 'Golden Delicious' Apple - Stark Bros. Nursery & Orchard Company Louisiana, MO. 1921 Dr. Liberty Hyde Bailey - For his notable contributions to horticulture and his work for the society. 1922 E.A. Riehl - For his work in chestnut tree evaluation, production, and propagation. 1923 'Lobo' Apple - Central Experimental Farm Ottawa, Ontario. 'Cortland' Apple - New York State Agriculture Experiment Station, Geneva, NY. 1926 'Starking' Apple - Stark Bros. Nursery & Orchard Company Louisiana, MO. 1927 University of Minnesota Fruit Breeding Farm - Noteworthy achievement in breeding hardy fruits, of which 32 seedlings have been named and introduced out of a total of 80,500 tested and represented at meeting by 69 plates of 39 seedling apples. 'Sheridan' Grape - New York State Agriculture Experiment Station, Geneva, NY. 'Melba' Apple - Central Experimental Farm Ottawa, Ontario.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Wildflowers at Bridgeport
    Late Wildflowers at Bridgeport The common name in bold is likely the name most frequently used at Bridgeport. The blooming dates are merely guidelines; flowers may appear earlier and extend later. If the flower you are looking for is not here, refer to the Early and Mid-Season tables to see if the flower was placed there. The references used in compiling this table are listed on the last page. Many of the Native American uses were taken directly from the research paper by Vicki Macdonald. Name changes are in blue, in agreement with The Jepson Manual, Second Edition, 2012. Common Scientific Flower Date Family Native Type Description Interesting Facts Name Name Color Blackberry or Rubus ursinus Late Rosaceae Native Perennial White 1-2’ tall and 4’ wide Grows in moist, shady locations in western North California Vine vine with compound America from Baja California to British Columbia. Blackberry, Mar. Below leaves of 3 leaflets. Not listed for Bridgeport, but it is possible since it Dewberry, to 5,000’ Separate male and is throughout the area. Pacific July. female plants. The Blackberry or unwrinkled blossoms It is considered to be an ancestor of loganberry, Pacific have narrower petals boysenberry and marionberry. Dewberry than the Himalayan, The berry is thought to be tastier than the larger and the sweet edible Himalayan berry. The plant could be invasive, but berries are smaller. not nearly as much as the Himalayan. The prickles are smaller and softer. Blackberry or Rubus Late Rosaceae Non- Perennial White 10-40’ long arched Grows in riparian areas, roadsides, pastures, and Himalayan armeniacus native Vine to brambles can form other disturbed areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Ust Be Regis- Reregistration Tered by EPA, Based on Scientific Studies Showing That They Can Be Used Without Posing Unreasonable Risks to People Or the Environment
    United States Prevention, Pesticides EPA-738-R-97-011 Environmental Protection And Toxic Substances January 1998 Agency (7508W) R.E.D. FACTS Terbacil Pesticide All pesticides sold or distributed in the United States must be regis- Reregistration tered by EPA, based on scientific studies showing that they can be used without posing unreasonable risks to people or the environment. Because of advances in scientific knowledge, the law requires that pesticides which were first registered before November 1, 1984, be reregistered to ensure that they meet today's more stringent standards. In evaluating pesticides for reregistration, EPA obtains and reviews a complete set of studies from pesticide producers, describing the human health and environmental effects of each pesticide. To implement provi- sions of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996, EPA considers the special sensitivity of infants and children to pesticides, as well as aggregate expo- sure of the public to pesticide residues from all sources, and the cumulative effects of pesticides and other compounds with common mechanisms of toxicity. The Agency develops any mitigation measures or regulatory controls needed to effectively reduce each pesticide's risks. EPA then reregisters pesticides that meet the safety standard of the FQPA and can be used without posing unreasonable risks to human health or the environ- ment. When a pesticide is eligible for reregistration, EPA explains the basis for its decision in a Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document. This fact sheet summarizes the information in the RED document for reregistration case 0039, Terbacil. Use Profile Terbacil is a selective herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds on terrestrial food/feed crops (e.g., apples, mint/peppermint/spearmint, sugarcane, and ornamentals), forestry [e.g., cottonwood (forest/shelterbelt)], terrestrial food (e.g., asparagus, blackberry, boysen- berry, dewberry, loganberry, peach, raspberry, youngberry and straw- berry), and terrestrial feed (e.g., alfalfa, sainfoin (hay and fodder), and forage).
    [Show full text]
  • Blackberry Growing Iftatelea George F
    Blackberry Growing iftatelea George F. Waldo and R. Ralph Clark , P14 ra. FEDERAL COOPERATIVE EXTENSION" SERVICE OREGON STATE COLLEGE i CORVALLIS Cooperative Extension work in Agriculture and Home Economics, F. E. Price, director. Oregon State College and the United States Department of Agriculture cooperating. Printed and distributed in furtherance of Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. Extension Bulletin 768 August 1957 CONTENTS Importance of the Industry 4 Economic Considerations 4 Place in the Farm Plan 4 Preparation for Planting 5 Propagation 6 Planting Systems 6 Planting 7 Choice of Varieties 8 Varieties Grown in Oregon 8 Care of the Plantation 13 Managing the Growing Canes 15 Methods of Training 16 Training Systems 18 Effects of Growth Regulators 20 Harvesting 21 Insects and Diseases 21 2 Blackberry Growing laareplet By George F. Waldo, Horticulturist Fruit and Nut Crops Section, Horticultural Crops Research Branch, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture and R. Ralph Clark, Extension Horticulturist Oregon State College BLACKBERRY growing industry in Oregon is centered THEin the Willamette Valley counties of western Oregon. The area's normal climatic conditions, a mild autumn, a cool, dry sum- mer, and sufficient spring moisture to develop the fruit, favors the production of these berries. Also, the mild but moist autumn weather helps cane growth and propagation by layering, and the dry summer permits harvesting with minimum loss from moldy or decaying berries. When the first white settlers arrived in Oregon they found an abundance of the highly flavored trailing wild blackberry, Rubus macro petalus. Later the Evergreen variety was introduced to Oregon from Europe and spread Quickly by natural means.
    [Show full text]
  • Blennerhassett Island Historical State Park Takes Visitors Back in Time to the Nation's Frontier
    Wonderful West Virginia Magazine x An x IslandBlennerhassett Island Paradise Historical State Park takes visitors back in time to the nation’s frontier. WRITTEN BY KATIE GRIFFITH PHOTOGRAPHED BY CARLA WITT FORD 4 WONDERFUL WEST VIRGINIA | JULY 2016 Wonderful West Virginia Magazine WONDERFULWV.COM 5 Wonderful West Virginia Magazine Docents dressed Blennerhassett wealthy early in period costume Island mansion, settlers Harman take visitors which showcases and Margaret on tours of the the life of Blennerhassett. pulent yet simple, intriguing The Blennerhassett mansion was once considered yet peaceful, Blennerhassett the most beautiful and elaborately furnished home Island Historical State Park in the west, says retired park historian Ray Swick. is a beloved jewel of the West The family brought with them furniture from Virginia state park system Baltimore, London, and New England, as well as set in the natural splendor of French porcelain, oriental carpets, marble statues, the Ohio River. Manicured and alabaster lamps. The mansion’s doorknobs and lawns and gardens cover the hinges were silver at a time most people west of the Oland surrounding the island’s sophisticated 18th century mountains lived in log buildings with dirt floors. mansion, accessible only via sternwheeler from nearby “Margaret was an Old World lady,” Swick says. “The Parkersburg. The island takes its name from its most contrast between this wealth and the surrounding infamous residents, a landed-gentry couple fleeing political poverty was medieval.” Amid the island’s natural and turbulence in Ireland to brave the United States’ frontier. man-made wealth, the Blennerhassetts entertained In 1800 Harman and Margaret Blennerhassett, uncle and society stars and dignitaries from near and far, but niece turned husband and wife, made the island their home, by 1807 their grand world fell apart when the family building a showpiece of their wealth and style in the dark became involved in a treason scandal with friend and wilderness of the Northwest Territory.
    [Show full text]