DOCSLIB.ORG

Local Approaches from Syria Issue 2 2020: May – August Development Assets: Issue 2 2020: May - August 1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Local Approaches from Syria Issue 2 2020: May – August Development Assets: Issue 2 2020: May - August 1 How? Development Assets: Issue 2 2020: May - August iii DEVELOPMENT ASSETS Local Approaches from Syria Issue 2 2020: May – August Development Assets: Issue 2 2020: May - August 1 Contents About 2 Methodology 4 Development Interactions: Factors/Stakeholders 6 Local Communities 8 Government Action 22 Private Sector and Job Market 30 Development Assets: Syrian Private Media 36 Local Approaches from Syria Supported by Common Space Why? 40 Initiative 2020 www.developmentassets.org What comes next? 43 [email protected] Development Assets: Issue 2 2020: May - August 3 Furthermore, improving individual knowledge for citizens of various age groups provides an essential entry point to raising average community awareness and ability to invest, interact and evaluate on the basis of evidence and dialogues. This opens up new perspectives to view the same daily landscapes, allowing synergies among different stakeholders’ efforts, and regenerating realistic hopes for local communities. Development Assets is an attempt to Development Assets does influence the local development process not offer conclusions and Building a deeper in Syria today and to transcend from local judgements; it rather helps initiatives to a new level of cooperation rearrange the landscape understanding of the diverse among stakeholders. Such endeavor is along with its resources backdropped against explorable local and and dynamics in a construc- surrounding resources and national resources, with a comprehensive tive manner. It would vision rising above war and its geographic therefore enhance the ability enhancing interaction among ramifications. to create opportunities these resources generates by understanding local Expanding our perception of diverse interactions among stake- a positive community- surrounding resources and enhancing holders and presenting them interaction among these resources in a comparative way to help oriented energy and a better generates a positive community- narrow the gaps between oriented energy that is fully aware of its our communities in terms of awareness of the community’s environment and its needs, drawing on services, economy, society, environment and its needs new quantitative and qualitative value environment and space. chains for the development process. Community capital emerges locally and Development Assets could be systematically interconnects nationally and internationally, replicated at the level of each neighborhood, village, About encompassing Syrian migrants, expatriates municipality, city and country. and refugees. This opens up opportunities for investing such a community capital in Development Assets Team an integrated process of re-development and reconstruction. Development Assets: Issue 2 2020: May - August 5 Data presented in this issue relies on in various capacities; 20% were employed by non-profit primary sources obtained from: organizations, while 18% were employed in the public sector, 12% in the private sector, 17% were private business owners, 10% - A questionnaire of 665 activists across Syria. were self-employed workers and 21% were unemployed. - The Syrian Official Gazette, parts I and II. In total, 80% of the respondents indicated that they live in the same area they were born in, while 9% of them said they have - Syrian government media sources. lived in their current area for more than four years and only 8% - Syrian private media outlets. have lived in their current area for a period of between one and four years, while 2% moved to a new area less than a year ago. Between mid-July and mid-August 2020, an electronic questionnaire was distributed Respondents to the questionnaire answered questions about to 665 male and female activists located the state of services, community interactions, and the prospects across the country in an attempt to of development. Most of the questions asked included a be geographical comprehensive. The scale of options converted to numerical values from 1 to 5 to respondents were located in more than calculate the mean and standard deviation. In addition to the 60 different areas, and the sample took questionnaire, the study taps on data released in the Official into consideration population distribution Gazette from May to August 2020. Data was collected on new across Syrian governorates, based NGOs as well as companies registered during this period and on estimates provided by the United statistics were analyzed on their type and on which sectors Nations Office for the Coordination of and regions they represented. Data on decisions, declarations, Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) estimates. and implementations by the Syrian government related to development and services was also gathered from the Syrian Respondents differed by gender, age and Arab News Agency (SANA), the Presidency of the Council of level of education; 58% were male, 42% Ministers’ web portal and the Official Gazette. This data was were female and their ages ranged from classified by sector, governorate and government levels. 17 to 72, while 19% of the respondents were over the age of 40. Approximately A sample of news and media materials related to development Methodology 70% of the respondents had completed was collected from 18 private Syrian media outlets during the undergraduate or postgraduate studies, second third of 2020. The sample size collected during this period while 18% had only completed high school amounted to 905 media items. These materials were extracted and about 11% had not completed high from the media sites in automated manner using sections and school. As for their marital status, 47% keywords and were classified by sector and region through an of the respondents were single and 48% algorithm built by the research team. were married, with a small percentage Data in this report is presented through preliminary statistics of respondents who are divorced and without in-depth analysis. It should be noted that there is a widowed. largely informal aspect of civil work and commercial activities Around 21% of the respondents indicated that is not captured in this study. This limits the possibility of that they worked within the education seeing the bigger picture in an integrated fashion. sector and 19% worked in social care. Other prominent job sectors included trade, healthcare, IT services, agriculture, manufacturing, professional and scientific services. The respondents were employed Development Assets: Issue 2 2020: May - August 7 Level of 100 Interest Satisfaction 5 Overall, service levels have become less Level* High divergent among governorates this third. Interest Satisfied ry Some governorates that had enjoyed 32 Ve a relatively better level of services until 4 the first third of 2020, like Tartus, Aleppo 28 and Hasakeh, suffered from a drop in Figure 1: Level of 24 3.5 satisfaction with service levels this third. community satisfaction In other words, no governorate or city now 20 compared to guarantees its residents a significantly 3 government and media better level of services. Syrian private 16 interest in the second media’s coverage of issues related to Syria third of 2020 as a whole increased from one third to 12 2.5 two thirds, which emphasizes that services 8 and development issues are increasingly 2 Government Media becoming less region-specific. 4 Private Media In this third, respondents’ satisfaction with Level of satisfaction Low of local communities health services decreased significantly. Interest Not Satisfied - r s y * Percentage of private Meanwhile, both state and private media le uel te ety Te F and government Wa increased their focus on health issues, tation Health especially in the context of Covid-19. Saf media materials that Education Electricit Cleanlines cover each sector and security Respondents’ dissatisfaction with anspor communication Development Tr services aligns with poor living conditions; respondents’ answers indicate that families Interactions: struggle to obtain food and essential living Trading 69.93% needs in all governorates. 16.5% Factors/ 25.41% In this third, the number of newly registered Manufacturing 6.99% 13.0% companies decreased significantly 5.19% Government Media Stakeholders compared to the previous third. Wholesale Telecommunications 9.79% Private Media 11.3% trade, import and export companies still 3.0% had the largest share of newly registered Health 2.80% 27.0% companies, while the number of newly Figure 2: Sectors 23.31% licensed manufacturing companies Tourism 1.40% of new private 1.7% decreased. The health sector still does not companies compared to 3.98% attract private sector investments despite Culture 0.00% government and media 4.3% the deterioration in health conditions and interest in the second 4.20% Agricultural 1.40% the increased media interest in this sector. third of 2020 11.3% 7.29% Education 2.10% 7.0% * The size of each 8.2% slice reflects the Banking and finance 2.10% 12.2% number of new 23.87% companies registered Construction 3.50% in each sector. 7.8% 4.09% Development Assets: Issue 2 2020: May - August 9 Local development must begin by forming of satisfaction with health services were recorded in 1 On a scale from 5 to 1: very satisfied a good understanding of the relationships Jaramana and Douma. - satisfied - neither satisfied nor and roles within the local community, dissatisfied - not satisfied - not as the efforts of local stakeholders In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, respondents in the satisfied at all - I don’t know are foundational to the success of the cities of Raqqah and Qamishli complained
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Potential for an Assad Statelet in Syria
    THE POTENTIAL FOR AN ASSAD STATELET IN SYRIA Nicholas A. Heras THE POTENTIAL FOR AN ASSAD STATELET IN SYRIA Nicholas A. Heras policy focus 132 | december 2013 the washington institute for near east policy www.washingtoninstitute.org The opinions expressed in this Policy Focus are those of the author and not necessar- ily those of The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, its Board of Trustees, or its Board of Advisors. MAPS Fig. 1 based on map designed by W.D. Langeraar of Michael Moran & Associates that incorporates data from National Geographic, Esri, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, UNEP- WCMC, USGS, NASA, ESA, METI, NRCAN, GEBCO, NOAA, and iPC. Figs. 2, 3, and 4: detail from The Tourist Atlas of Syria, Syria Ministry of Tourism, Directorate of Tourist Relations, Damascus. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publica- tion may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2013 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050 Washington, DC 20036 Cover: Digitally rendered montage incorporating an interior photo of the tomb of Hafez al-Assad and a partial view of the wheel tapestry found in the Sheikh Daher Shrine—a 500-year-old Alawite place of worship situated in an ancient grove of wild oak; both are situated in al-Qurdaha, Syria. Photographs by Andrew Tabler/TWI; design and montage by 1000colors.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tenth Annual Report on Torture in Syria on the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture
    The Tenth Annual Report on Torture in Syria on the International Day in Support of Victims of Torture 14,537 Killed Due to Torture by the Parties to the Conflict and the Controlling Forces in Syria, Mostly by the Syrian Regime, from March 2011 Until June 2021 Saturday 26 June 2021 The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded in June 2011, is a non-governmental, independent group that is considered a primary source for the OHCHR on all death toll-related analyses in Syria. R210619 Content I. Torture Is a Primary Violation and One of the Most Widely Practiced, Without Known Limits...2 II. The SNHR’s Cooperation with the UN Special Rapporteurs on Extrajudicial, Summary and Arbitrary Executions and on Torture..............................................................................................4 III. The Death Toll of Victims Who Died Due to Torture in Syria Since March 2011, and Their Distribution......................................................................................................................................5 IV. The Syrian Regime Has Established ‘Laws’ That Allow Torture and Prevent Criminals from Being Held Accountable..................................................................................................................7 V. The Most Prominent Officials Involved in Torture by the Syrian Regime......................................9 VI. Legislative Amnesty Decree No. 13 of 2021, Similar to the Previous Seventeen Amnesty Decrees, Didn’t End or Reduce the Frequency of Torture or Arrest..........................................16
    [Show full text]
  • PDF | 345.15 KB | English Version
    United Nations S/2021/319 Security Council Distr.: General 19 April 2021 English Original: Russian Letter dated 31 March 2021 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General I have the honour to transmit herewith information bulletins from the Russian Federation Ministry of Defence regarding the status of implementation of the memorandum on the creation of de-escalation areas in the Syrian Arab Republic for the period from 1 to 31 March 2021 (see annex). I should be grateful if you would have the present letter and its annex circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) V. Nebenzia 21-05181 (E) 220421 260421 *2105181* S/2021/319 Annex to the letter dated 31 March 2021 from the Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General Information bulletin from the Russian Federation Ministry of Defence regarding the status of implementation of the memorandum on the creation of de-escalation areas (1 March 2021) Observance of the ceasefire regime Monitoring groups have continued to monitor observance of the ceasefire regime as part of implementing the memorandum on the creation of de-escalation areas in the Syrian Arab Republic, signed by the Russian Federation, the Republic of Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran on 4 May 2017. By agreement between the Russian Federation and Turkey, a ceasefire regime came into effect in the Idlib de-escalation area at 0001 hours on 6 March 2020. The Russian representative office of the Russian and Turkish Joint Commission reviewing issues related to violations of the ceasefire regime has reported 29 incidents of gunfire (21 incidents according to Syrian data) in the following Governorates: 13 in Ladhiqiyah, 11 in Idlib, 3 in Hama and 2 in Aleppo.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coast in Conflict Migration, Sectarianism, and Decentralization in Syria’S Latakia and Tartus Governorates
    STUDY The Coast in Conflict Migration, Sectarianism, and Decentralization in Syria’s Latakia and Tartus Governorates KHEDER KHADDOUR July 2016 n The protracted Syrian conflict has created a steady flow of displaced Sunnis to the primarily Alawite coastal region. Rather than viewing these migrants as an undis- tinguished bloc of Sunnis, local communities treat them differently based on their regional and class identities. n To address both the need for more military manpower and the effects of increas- ing numbers of battle casualties on coastal communities, local charities aimed at supporting conflict-affected families and recruitment centers for pro-regime militias have sprung up in the Latakia and Tartus governorates. This has furthered the mutual dependence between the Assad regime and the coastal communities and extended the regime deeper into society, beyond the framework of formal state institutions. n The coast has been affected by the conflict, touched by dynamics of localization of power relations and de-institutionalization seen in other parts of the country. Hence, is not an island outside of the broader conflict. KHEDER KHADDOUR | THE COAST IN CONFLICT Contents 1. Introduction . 3 2. Methodology . 3 3. Local Communities versus Sects . 3 3 1. What is the Coast? . 4 3 .2 Newcomers and the Coast . 5 4. New Economies, Old Conflicts . .9 4 1. Latakia . 9 4 .2 Baniyas . .10 5. Regime and Coastal Alawites: A New Interdependence . .11 5.1 Charities . 12 5.2 Militia Recruitment Centers �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������14
    [Show full text]
  • S.No Governorate District 1 Aleppo Governorate Afrin 2 Aleppo
    S.No Governorate District 1 Aleppo Governorate Afrin 2 Aleppo Governorate Al-Bab 3 Aleppo Governorate Safirah 4 Aleppo Governorate Atarib 5 Aleppo Governorate Ayn al-Arab 6 Aleppo Governorate Azaz 7 Aleppo Governorate Dayr Hafir 8 Aleppo Governorate Jarabulus 9 Aleppo Governorate Manbij 10 Aleppo Governorate Mount Simeon 11 Damascus Governorate Damascus 12 Daraa Governorate Al-Sanamayn 13 Daraa Governorate Daraa 14 Daraa Governorate Izra 15 Deir ez-Zor Governorate Al-Bukamal 16 Deir ez-Zor Governorate Deir ez-Zor 17 Deir ez-Zor Governorate Mayadin 18 Hama Governorate Al-Salamiyah 19 Hama Governorate Al-Suqaylabiyah 20 Hama Governorate Hama 21 Hama Governorate Masyaf 22 Hama Governorate Mhardeh 23 Al-Hasakah Governorate Al-Hasakah 24 Al-Hasakah Governorate Al-Malikiyah 25 Al-Hasakah Governorate Al-Qamishli 26 Al-Hasakah Governorate Ra's al-'Ayn 27 Homs Governorate Al-Mukharram 28 Homs Governorate Al-Qusayr 29 Homs Governorate Ar-Rastan 30 Homs Governorate Homs 31 Homs Governorate Tadmur 32 Homs Governorate Taldou 33 Homs Governorate Talkalakh 34 Idlib Governorate Arihah 35 Idlib Governorate Harem 36 Idlib Governorate Idlib 37 Idlib Governorate Jisr al-Shughur 38 Idlib Governorate Ma'arrat al-Numan 39 Latakia Governorate Al-Haffah 40 Latakia Governorate Jableh www.downloadexcelfiles.com 41 Latakia Governorate Latakia 42 Latakia Governorate Qardaha 43 Quneitra Governorate Fiq 44 Quneitra Governorate Quneitra 45 Ar-Raqqah Governorate Al-Thawrah 46 Ar-Raqqah Governorate Ar-Raqqah 47 Ar-Raqqah Governorate Tell Abyad 48 Rif Dimashq Governorate
    [Show full text]
  • Crusader Monuments in Tartus, Latakia, Homs and Hama Governorates of Syria
    ԵՐԵՎԱՆԻ ՊԵՏԱԿԱՆ ՀԱՄԱԼՍԱՐԱՆ ԱՐԱԲԱԳԻՏԱԿԱՆ ՈՒՍՈՒՄՆԱՍԻՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐ Նվիրվում է արաբագիտության ամբիոնի դասախոսներ Սարգիս Պողոսյանի, Հովհաննես Ասատրյանի և Հարություն Գրիգորյանի լուսավոր հիշատակին № 9 ISSN 1829-4510 ԵՐԵՎԱՆ ԵՊՀ ՀՐԱՏԱԱՐԱԿՉՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ 2017 YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF ARABIC STUDIES In the memory of Sargis Poghosyan, Hovhannes Asatryan, Harutyun Grigoryan № 9 ISSN 1829-4510 YEREVAN YSU PRESS 2017 Հրատարակվում է ԵՊՀ արևելագիտության ֆակուլտետի գիտական խորհրդի որոշմամբ Խմբագրական խորհուրդ՝ Դավիթ Հովհաննիսյան – բ.գ.թ., պրոֆեսոր (նախագահ) Մարգարիտա Խաչիկյան - բ.գ.դ., պրոֆեսոր Ռուբեն Կարապետյան - պ.գ.դ., պրոֆեսոր Արշակ Փոլադյան - պ.գ.դ., պրոֆեսոր Գուրամ Չիկովանի - բ.գ.դ., պրոֆեսոր (Վրաստան) Սամվել Կարաբեկյան - բ.գ.թ., դոցենտ Մուշեղ Ասատրյան –PhD (Կանադա) Սոնա Տոնիկյան – բ.գ.թ., դոցենտ Մարատ Յավրումյան - բ.գ.թ., դոցենտ Հայկ Քոչարյան – պ.գ.թ., դոցենտ Արայիկ Հարությունյան - պ.գ.թ. © Երևանի պետական համալսարան‚ 2017 Published by the decision of the scientific council of the Oriental Studies Department, Yerevan State University Editorial Board Prof. David Hovhannisyan (editor in chief) Prof. Margarita Khachkyan Prof. Ruben Karapetyan Prof. Arshak Poladyan Prof. Guram Chikovani (Georgia) Dr. Samvel Karabekyan Mushegh Asatryan, PhD (Canada) Dr. Sona Tonikyan Dr. Marat Yavrumyan Dr. Hayk Kocharyan Dr. Arayik Harutyunyan © Yerevan State University‚ 2017 ԲՈՎԱՆԴԱԿՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ ՆԱԽԱԲԱՆԻ ՓՈԽԱՐԵՆ 11 ԼԵԶՎԱԲԱՆՈՒԹՅՈՒՆ Աննա Դանիելյան ԶԵՂՉՈՒՄԸ ՆԿԱՐԱԳՐՈՂ ԵԶՐՈՒՅԹՆԵՐՆ ԱՐԱԲԵՐԵՆԻ TAXF^F ՀԱՅԵՑԱԿԱՐԳԻ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ 13-27 ‎ Խադիջե Ահմադ Մեհրաբի, Աննա Դանիելյան ՀԱՐԱԿՑԱԿԱՆ
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Human Rights Situation in Syria Over a 20-Year Period
    SYRIAN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE REPORT ON THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN SYRIA OVER A 20-YEAR PERIOD 1979-1999 Copyright ©2001 by Syrian Human Rights Committee(SHRC) No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, or translated in any form or by any means, electronics, mechanical, manual, optical or otherwise, withought the priror written permission of SHRC. July 2001, First Edition. Not available on hardcopy format, but the full report can be downloaded from SHRC web site on http://www.shrc.org Visit Syrian Human Rights Committee web site on: http://www.shrc.org Postal Address: Syrian Human Rights Committee (SHRC) BCM Box: 2789, London WC1N 3XX, UK Fax: +44 (0)870 137 7678 Email: [email protected] 1 Report on the Human Rights Situation in Syria Over a 20-year Period FOREWORD The Syrian Human Rights Committee has issued its report on the human rights situation in Syria over a twenty-year period, at a time which coincides with rapid global changes and proper international developments, in favour of respecting democratic freedoms and safeguarding human rights. While the international trend is heading progressively towards promoting respect for human rights, the Syrian regime is moving against history and the spirit of the age, in a direction contrary to the Syrian, Arab, and international public opinion. Thus, the repressive nature of this regime represents the utmost setback to values and principles acknowledged by international legitimacy. This report, which is issued by the Syrian Human Rights Committee, deals with the human rights situation in Syria over a twenty-year period as of 1979, in which the Syrian people’s groups, parties, and sects moved and called for respecting human rights.
    [Show full text]
  • Syria Complex Emergency Fact Sheet
    SYRIA - COMPLEX EMERGENCY FACT SHEET #15, FISCAL YEAR (FY) 2013 MAY 9, 2013 NUMBERS AT HIGHLIGHTS HUMANITARIAN FUNDING A GLANCE TO SYRIA HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE IN FY 2012 AND 2013 USG provides more than $100 million in additional humanitarian assistance USAID/OFDA1 $79,696,239 6.8 million 2 People in Need of Humanitarian Conflict displaces population of Ein el USAID/FFP $145,515,020 Assistance in Syria Tal Palestinian refugee camp State/PRM3 $283,759,159 U.N. – April 2013 Relief organizations respond to measles $508,970,418 4.25 million cases and other medical needs TOTAL U.S. GOVERNMENT (USG) ASSISTANCE TO THE SYRIA Internally Displaced Persons HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE (IDPs) in Syria U.N. – April 2013 1.4 million KEY DEVELOPMENTS Syrians Displaced to Neighboring Countries On May 8, the USG announced $100 million in additional humanitarian assistance to UNHCR – April 2013 conflict-affected populations both inside Syria and across the region. The support includes approximately $84 million in contributions to the Office of the U.N. High 448,370 Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the U.N. Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and the U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) Syrian Refugees in Jordan working in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey to support a range of activities including water, UNHCR – April 2013 sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) assistance; child-friendly spaces (CFS); food assistance; protection activities; shelter; education; quick-impact projects; and refugee camp 457,186 construction. Inside Syria, $16 million in support to U.N. agencies will provide IDPs Syrian Refugees in Lebanon and other conflict victims with basic necessities, shelter, cash assistance, health care, and UNHCR – May 2013 protection services.
    [Show full text]
  • (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1
    ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq1 NEA-PSHSS-14-001 Weekly Report 81–82 — February 17 –March 1, 2016 Michael D. Danti, Amr Al-Azm, Allison Cuneo, Susan Penacho, Bijan Rouhani, Marina Gabriel, Kyra Kaercher, Jamie O’Connell Executive Summary During the reporting period, multiple suicide bombings targeted mosques in both Iraq and Syria. Another Shia mosque in Muqdadiyah was targeted approximately six weeks following a mass targeting of mosques by ISIL militants and supporters, while a Shia mosque in Baghdad was also attacked. In Syria the Shrine of Sayyida Zainab was also attacked for the second time in less than a month. In addition to kidnapping, ransoming, and expelling Christian populations, ISIL militants have also attacked at least 19 churches in the Hasakah area of Syria since the beginning of 2015. These incidents further indicate that ISIL is advancing its pattern of terrorizing vulnerable populations, particularly ethnic and religious minorities, within its occupied regions while also directing increased efforts to accelerate sectarian tensions between Sunni and Shia in order to proliferate the conflict in Iraq. Aerial bombing campaigns continue to inflict significant damage to heritage sites throughout Syria. One mosque in Homs Governorate and three mosques in Aleppo Governorate were damaged in airstrikes. Relatedly, Day After Heritage Protection Initiative conducted a site assessment for the site of Ebla at the end of February 2016 following multiple direct hits by airstrikes to the ancient site. Between August and September 2015 The Day After Heritage Protection Initiative produced two condition reports on heritage assets in the villages of Jaradeh and Serjilla located in Idlib Governorate.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Networks of the Fourth Division During the Syrian Conflict
    The Economic Networks of the Fourth Division During the Syrian Conflict Ayman Aldassouky Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria (WPCS) Research Project Report 24 January 2020 2020/01 © European University Institute 2020 Content and individual chapters © Ayman Aldassouky, 2020 This work has been published by the European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the year and the publisher. Requests should be addressed to [email protected]. Views expressed in this publication reflect the opinion of individual authors and not those of the European University Institute. Middle East Directions Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Research Project Report RSCAS/Middle East Directions 2020/01 24 January 2020 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ cadmus.eui.eu The Economic Networks of the Fourth Division During the Syrian Conflict Ayman Aldassouky* * Ayman Aldassouky is a researcher at the Omran Centre for Strategic Studies and a contributor to the Wartime and Post-Conflict in Syria project, a component of the Middle East Directions Programme (MEDirections) that is hosted by the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies at the European University Institute in Florence. His work focuses on political economy, governance and local councils in Syria. This research paper was published in Arabic on 13 January 2020 by Middle East Directions (http://bit.ly/2RdqEWS).
    [Show full text]
  • Security Council Distr.: General 10 November 2016 English Original: Russian
    United Nations S/2016/940 Security Council Distr.: General 10 November 2016 English Original: Russian Letter dated 8 November 2016 from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General I have the honour to transmit herewith information bulletins from the Russian Centre for Reconciliation of Opposing Sides in the Syrian Arab Republic for 4-7 November 2016 (see annex). I should be grateful if you would arrange for these bulletins to be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) P. Iliichev Chargé d’affaires a.i. 16-19829 (E) 111116 141116 *1619829* S/2016/940 Annex to the letter dated 8 November 2016 from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General Information bulletin of the Russian Centre for Reconciliation of Opposing Sides in the Syrian Arab Republic (4 November 2016) Reconciliation of opposing sides Over the past 24 hours, reconciliation agreements have been signed with representatives of four populated areas in Ladhiqiyah governorate. The number of populated areas that have joined the reconciliation process has increased to 888. Negotiations on joining the ceasefire regime continued with field commanders of illegal armed groups in Mu‘addamiyat al-Shaykh in Damascus governorate and armed opposition units in Homs, Aleppo and Qunaytirah governorates. The number of armed groups that have announced their commitment to accepting and fulfilling the terms of the ceasefire is unchanged — it is still 69. Observance of the ceasefire regime Over the past 24 hours, there were 43 reports of shelling by illegal armed groups in Aleppo governorate (22), Damascus governorate (18), Ladhiqiyah governorate (2), and Hama governorate (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Children and Armed Conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic
    United Nations S/2014/31 Security Council Distr.: General 27 January 2014 Original: English Report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic Summary The present report, submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 1612 (2005) and subsequent resolutions, is the first report on the situation of children and armed conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic submitted to the Security Council and its Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict. Covering the period from 1 March 2011 to 15 November 2013, it provides information on grave violations against children committed by all parties to the conflict in Syria. The ongoing conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic has an alarming impact on children. The present report highlights that the use of weaponry and military tactics that are disproportionate and indiscriminate by Government forces and associated militias has resulted in countless killings and the maiming of children, and has obstructed children’s access to education and health services. Government forces have also been responsible for the arrest, arbitrary detention, ill treatment and torture of children. Armed opposition groups have been responsible for the recruitment and use of children both in combat and support roles, as well as for conducting military operations, including using terror tactics, in civilian-populated areas, leading to civilian casualties, including children. The report also stresses the disappearance of many children. All parties to the conflict have seriously hampered the delivery of humanitarian assistance in areas most affected by the conflict, in particular across conflict lines, including besieged areas. The report also highlights that children in Syria have experienced a high level of distress as a result of witnessing the killing and injuring of members of their families and peers, or of being separated from their family and/or displaced.
    [Show full text]