1 MR TORIAN

MAY. 1970

o

Tar Heel Junior Historian Association Charter

Charlie's

Chats

CHALLENGE Have A Good Summer Vacation! WHOSZIT?

WISHYA' KNEWZIT!

(See article page 2.)

JAMES E. WEBB

Former Administrator of National Aero- nautics and Space Administration (Native of Oxford, ) NASA Photo.

MANY THANKS ! ! ! to all of you whose contributions have filled the Tar Heel Junior Historian magazine this year. It's been fun working with you.

During your SUMMER VACATION why not plan a trip to one of your STATE HISTORIC SITES?

Alamance Battleground, Burlington , Kure Beach

Aycock Birthplace, Fremont Historic Halifax, Halifax

Bath, Bath Polk Birthplace, Pineville

Bennett Place, Durham , Creswell

Bentonville Battleground, Newton Grove , Mount Gilead

Brunswick Town, Southport Vance Birthplace, Weaverville

Caswell Memorial—C.S.S. Neuse, Kinston OMAN

May, 1970 Vol. 8, No. 4

CONTENTS Page

North Carolina's Role in Space 2 This Is the Way 6

Junior Historian Puzzle 7

Look to the Stars 8

It Does Compute 10 Goin' Outa This World 10 Do You Know? 11

The Energy to Make It Possible 12 North Carolina Literary and Arts Competition 1969-1970 13 Going Things 14 Lunar Lines 16

TAR HEEL JUNIOR HISTORIAN is published four H. G. JONES times during the school year by the State Department Director of Archives and History. Copies are provided free to MRS. JOYE E. JORDAN club members. Individual and Library subscriptions Historic Sites and may be purchased at the rate of $1.00 per year or Museums Administrator

$ .25 per issue. MRS. ELIZABETH B. BEARD

Photography by: Charles A. Clark Editor

Cover by: Jim Page, Conservation & Development MRS. NATALIE G. TALYOR (Prints of the total eclipse on March 7, 1970) Assistant Editor North Carolina's Role In Space

Wright Brothers' first flight in progress, December 17, 1903.

Prepared for the Tar Heel Junior Historian by National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- tration personnel.

The Space Age, now in its second de- President, as designated by the Congress, cade, has its roots set deep in North Caro- issued a proclamation marking the 17th of lina; for it was here, sixty-seven years ago, December of each year as Wright Brothers that man's age-old dream of shaking loose Day and calling for its observance "with the bonds of gravity that kept him chained appropriate ceremonies and activities, both to earth finally was realized. Fantasy be- to recall the accomplishments of the Wright came fact on December 17, 1903, when Brothers, and to provide a stimulus to avia- Orville and Wilbur Wright took off from a tion in this country and throughout the sandy, dusty stretch of beach on the out- world." They represent, the President said, skirts of Kitty Hawk in their heavier-than- "mankind's ceaseless effort to make dreams air machine to fly 102 feet in 12 seconds. a reality."

This important achievement was com- Almost sixty-six years after the Wright memorated at the close of last year by brothers made man's first powered flight, President Richard M. Nixon, whose college another dream became a reality when men days at Duke have bound him closely to landed on the moon—on another beach —the North Carolina. On December 11, 1969, the dusty lunar plain of the waterless Sea of Tranquility. North Carolina has had a signi- ceived his doctorate in medicine in 1963 ficant role in the fulfillment of that dream from the University of North Carolina. which, as President Nixon has said, not Dr. Thornton, who was selected as a sci- only emancipated man from his bondage to entist's astronaut by NASA in August, 1967, earth but expanded his horizons to the far is currently undergoing pilot training at reaches of space. North Carolina's direct Randolph Air Force Base, Texas. Following involvement with NASA's program to land his graduation from Chapel Hill, he served men on the moon began in 1960 at the very in the U. S. Air Force on active duty and outset of the space agency's astronaut train- was assigned to the USAF Aerospace Medi- ing program. From the first, the Morehead cal Division at Brooks Air Force Base, San Planetarium at Chapel Hill has been used to Antonio, Texas, where he became involved train astronauts in the skill of celestial in research in space medicine and sub- guidance and navigation. The planetarium sequently applied for astronaut training. Dr. has provided all Mercury, Gemini and now Thornton was born in Goldsboro, North Caro- Apollo astronauts with precise simulation lina. of the celestial environment in which they travel. In fact, A. F. Jenzano, director of Major Duke, born in Charlotte, attended the Morehead Planetarium, was responsible Lancaster High School in Lancaster, South for the creation and development of this Carolina, received his B.S. degree in Naval important aspect of NASA's astronaut train- Sciences from the U. S. Naval Academy in ing program. 1957 and his M. S. degree in Aeronautics and Among the astronauts who have been pre- Astronautics from the Massachusetts Insti- pared for earth orbital excursions into space tute of Technology in 1964. He was at the as well as for lunar flight are two native Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School sons: Major Charles Moss Duke, Jr. (USAF), as an instructor when he was notified of his and Dr. William Edgar Thornton, who re- selection as an astronaut. Major Duke was a

Dr. William Edgar Thornton, Goldsboro, North Major Charles Moss Duke, Jr., Charlotte, North

Carolina. Carolina. . (NASA Photo) (NASA Photo),

-3- ble." And in the Research Triangle the tech- nical research that will pave the way for tomorrow's engineering advances continues.

In addition to this vital complex, North Carolina also is host to NASA's Rosman tracking station, dedicated in October 1963, one of the 17 NASA Space Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STADAN) sta- tions that keep tabs on our unmanned satellites and receive data from them. The heart and brains of the station are its two 85-foot diameter antennae at Rosman and a NASA satellite tracking station, Rosman, North giant antenna in the Carolina. ,.,.„. (NASA Photo) remote from the interference of man-made electrical devices.

member of the astronaut support crew for Rosman station is located in the highest the Apollo 10 flight. He was selected as point in the state. Because of this excellent backup lunar module pilot for the Apollo 13 location, Rosman forms a key link in both mission. the east-west and the north-south chains Based solely on the pattern of achieve- of the STADAN network. More than sixteen ment by others from North Carolina, the high foreign countries have cooperated in the achievements in space by these young North tracking operations; and the STADAN net- Carolinians may be anticipated with con- work celebrated its 12th anniversary on siderable assurance. Indeed, our outstanding January 31 of this year. successes in space must be credited largely North Carolina's scope of participation to one North Carolinian, James E. Webb, in the space effort is also indicated by the NASA's Administrator from February, 1961, NASA research and training grants awarded through September, 1968. Under his manage- to its universities and the prime contracts ment and direction, the national space and subcontracts given to its business and effort, which began in the shadow of Sput- research firms. These total well over $8 nik, achieved unquestioned preeminence. million. The research grants cover studies This was the result of his implementation of a concept that drew together the efforts of government, industry, and the university community in a new kind of cooperative teamwork.

An important example of this concept in action is the Research Triangle of North Carolina, anchored geographically at each corner respectively by Duke University at Durham, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State Uni-

versity at Raleigh. In the center of this com- plex is the Research Triangle Park, a 5,000 acre home for both government agencies and industrial firms. Mr. Webb has described the work that goes on in the Research Triangle, Wheels Within Wheels is the impression given under the direction of universities afore- — by this giant space tracking antenna in a remote mentioned, as "the kind of teamwork that area of the Pisgah National Forest. has made our national space program possi- (NASA Photo)

-4- in such fields as electrical engineering, provide the major transportation links be- mechanical engineering, mathematics, phy- tween our cities, states, and with the rest sics, and genetics at Duke University, the of the world. That first flight in 1903 has University of North Carolina, and North pushed us all closer together, and this Carolina State University. closer communication ultimately may bring the understanding that can result in the North Carolina and the nation have come realization of yet another dream the dream a long way since the 12-second flight of — of world peace. 120 feet 67 years ago. Not only have we crossed the vertical frontier and reached the moon, we also have vastly increased Now ranking eleventh in the nation in our ability to navigate in the airways sur- population, North Carolina is providing the rounding earth. We have planes that are economic, social and cultural incentives to longer by far than the distance covered by attract major aerospace industries and re- the Wright brothers in their pioneer flight. search organizations and the scientists, We can fly at supersonic speeds, cross engineers, and managers to operate them. oceans in hours. The earth's surface no One of the original 13 colonies, whose citi- longer is the main avenue for travel. In- zens helped realize the dream of a new deed, surface travel between our cities has nation of free men, North Carolina continues become subordinated to air travel. The to provide the intellectual climate and great, great, great, i great grandchildren ferment for those who dream grand dreams of the Kitty Hawk of 67 years ago today and make them come true.

Apollo 9 view of coastal North Carolina

(NASA Photo)

-5- This Is The

Space washcloth — actual size.

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Kathy Klibbe so light that it takes 113 of them to weigh Curious Carolinians one pound. Raleigh The fabric, a terry weave with the un- The School of Textiles on the North Caro- usual feature of having a short pile on one lina State University campus in Raleigh face only, is woven with 100 percent rayon plays an important part in NASA's space yarn that is specially texturized by a jet program. They make the washcloths for our of air under pressure. This special rayon astronauts. These cloths have been used on yarn was chosen for the cloth because it the three-man Apollo flights and the two- does not split or make any line. The yarn man Gemini flights. forms small loops in the continuous fila- Professor Jack F. Bogdan is in charge ments that serve to entrap moisture. The of the making of the washcloths, but it is fibers, themselves, are hygroscopic, which Professor William E. Moser who actually means that they absorb a large amount of weaves them. moisture. Many technical problems had to be solved The washcloths are soaked with a de- to meet the challenging specifications set tergent solution and bactericide which is a by NASA for this fabric. The cloths must be chemical that kills bacteria. It is then fold- static-free to eliminate the danger of an ed into a two-inch by one-and-a-half-inch explosion that could be caused by a spark rectangle. This is vacuum-sealed into a in the 100 percent oxygen atmosphere of the plastic container, from which it is removed, capsule. They must be lint-free to prevent used, and then returned to the plastic con- fouling of delicate instrumentation by fibers tainer for storage. The container is uniquely that would float in the capsule in the ab- made so that no part of it can come loose sence of gravity. They must be efficiently and float about the cabin. absorbent and hold moisture so that no Each wet cloth is accompanied by a dry droplets can escape to float around the in- cloth that serves as a towel. Four pairs of terior of the chamber. They must be light these washcloths are given to each of the in weight and small in volume for obvious astronauts every day. reasons. The School of Textiles on the North Caro- All these exacting specifications were lina State University campus should be met by engineering doll-size washcloths and proud to have a part in the space program, towels that are only four inches long and and North Carolina should be proud to have three and a fourth inches wide. They are the best Textile School in the country.

6 Find The Thirty-two Counties With Tar Heel Junior Historian Clubs

Kim Lee Corriher-Lipe Junior Historians Landis

COUNTIES D S M A X S N R A B C V E

Alamance Rockingham A V B I A L L I L M T A L Beaufort Rowan V L L R F L L M K W H L M

Bladen Stanly I A A H I N E Q P D C E F

Burke Transylvania D I D M L Y W A K E A T K Cabarrus Union S N E M A D s T A N L Y Y

Caldwell Vance A N E H N A C Y S U I N Carteret Wake N V A C A A C A T A w B A Caswell Wayne A L P K B Q c E F C D M W Catawba Yadkin Q Y C L V M H O Q K D N O Chowan P S A E W A Y N E L A E R Cleveland A N L N E W H A N O V E R

Cumberland D A D B U R K E L P I L O

Davidson N R W U N I N E C C Davie A T E R E T R A C Y V H K

Gaston L B L G A S T O N E T O I

Halifax R X L D Z T N I N V R W N Johnston E J O H N S T o N E O A G Martin B z N E L R S u C C F N H Mecklenburg M R B A E R S K N U K A New Hanover U D W M B S V c F A A E M Onslow C P C D N A L E V E L C Polk S U R R A B A C U L B L L Robeson

(Counties may be found horizontally, vertically, diagonally, forward, and backward.)

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-7- Look to the Stars

From: Donald S. Hall, What You Should Know About Astronaut Training at Morehead Planetarium, a publication of The Morehead Planetarium. 1966.

sky that man can achieve. It is designed to show the sky from any point on the earth for periods of time ranging up to 26,000 years either forward or backward. It also simulates rotation, revolution, and precession of the earth as well as change of observer latitude.

"The first U. S. spacemen began their training at Langley Field, Virginia and the Morehead Planetarium was selected for teaching the Astronauts about the sky and the motions of objects in it. When the pro- gram began, there was little indication of just how complex these sessions would get, or how many years they would continue. At the first meeting of the Planetarium staff with the Astronauts most of the time was spent teaching celestial orientation and the recognition of stars and constellations. Later sessions included the appearance of the sky on specific missions and also ele- ments related to the scientific experiments on these missions.

"In missions involving long flights to the moon, the star background remains constant Morehead Planetarium, Chapel Hill and the planets will not change position (UNC Photo Lab) appreciably due to man's movement from the earth to the moon. However, the moon and earth will be objects of prime importance in "Since the Astronaut program began in the man-to-the-moon missions. Projectors the Planetarium 1960, Morehead has been for these two objects have been developed continuously used for navigation, recogni- to show the rotating phasing earth as seen tion, and simulation training of this coun- from the moon and continuously variable try's spacemen. A. F. Jenzano, Director, size earth and moon images to simulate ap- proach and departure from these two bodies. has been at the Planetarium since its open- The basic motions of the Zeiss projector ing in 1949 and was responsible for insti- are used to simulate the apparent movement tuting and developing the Astronaut training of the star field in any space trip. program.

"The Planetarium is on the Chapel Hill "The number of training sessions the campus of the University of North Carolina. Astronauts attend depends entirely on the It contains the sixth Zeiss Planetarium pro- mission and its assignments and these vary jector installed in the United States and is from mission to mission. Neil Armstrong, the first major Planetarium on a college cam- commander of Apollo 11, has more plan- pus. The Planetarium instrument was brought etarium hours—116 — than any other astro- to this country in 1948 from its former home naut. in Sweden by the donor, the late John Motley Morehead." In 1969 a new planetarium "As each of the groups (of Astronauts) instrument, the first production of Model Six were selected they had formal training now of the Carl Zeiss Planetarium, was installed conducted at the Manned Spacecraft Center at a cost of more than a quarter-of-a-million in Houston. Field trips play an important dollars. This instrument produces the best part in this initial instruction and the and most realistic representation of nature's Planetarium is always given two days in

-8- the schedule for primary orientation to star Very late in the afternoon of the first day recognition and celestial mechanics." the annual motions of the sun, moon and planets as well as the earth's precessional Here's what happened during the Chapel motion were described and demonstrated. Hill indoctrination. "The agenda began at The next morning instruction resumed with a 8:30 a.m. with an introduction to the More- review of stars and constellations followed head facility, Zeiss instrument and defini- by a demonstration of special effects and tions of special words, then continued with devices developed for the Gemini and celestial coordinates (the equivalent of Apollo programs. Just before lunch a press longitude and latitude on the earth) and conference was held in the spacious lounge apparent movement of the sky due to the on the second floor of the Morehead building rotation of the earth. The session resumed and recognition review in the afternoon con- with the names and positions of constella- cluded this session. tions and bright stars. Constellations of the Zodiac were presented because of their im- portance as a background for the movements "Celestial training at the Morehead of the sun, moon and planets and because Planetarium is valuable to the Astronauts six of twelve are usually above the horizon because it provides them with knowledge of thus aiding in the recognition of other areas the normal sky, so that unusual circum- in the sky. The other constellations were stances may be quickly apparent. It also presented by seasons, that is, what season gives them a working knowledge of the of the year they first become visible during ultimate guidance system: the stars. This the early part of evening. Because the pro- sort of work at the Planetarium will un- gression of the seasons is well known, the doubtedly continue and grow more complex progression and relationships of and be- as man ventures farther from home in his tween constellations is easily followed. exploration of space."

Carl Zeiss, Model VI, Planetarium Instrument (UNC Photo Lab)

-9- It Does Compute

Bryan Wirwicz Curious Carolinians Raleigh

I. B.M. (International Business Machines) mission if just one wire is in the wrong does much to aid the American Space Pro- place at the wrong time. gram. We, the people of Raleigh, have two More computers are used on earth than in outlets that within our city of company space. Most are used at Mission Control in located 1. limits. One is on US The other is Houston and the Kennedy Manned Space- located downtown. There is also a plant at craft Center at Cape Kennedy, Florida. the Research Triangle. This is the one I Some of the more popular models used are will talk about. the MOD 40 and the MOD 70.

In the Apollo Mission, I. B.M. does not What is North Carolina's part in the work with NASA as closely as it did in the Space Program? In North Carolina, I. B.M. Gemini Program. In Project Gemini I. B.M. does not make anything for the rocket. It made most of NASA's computers because it does, however, manufacture a telephone- was the Space Program's main computer computer-telephone system from Cape contractor. Kennedy to Huntsville, Alabama, where the computer system is located, to Houston. Today I. B. M. computers are used in With this system, Houston or Cape Kennedy steering the rocket immediately after lift can get much information from computers in off. These computers can change the whole other areas.

Goin' Outa This World

Betty Lentz Carolina Crusaders Raleigh

On November 9, 1967, the world acclaimed The Apollo Command Module enters the the spectacular success of the launch of the atmosphere at 25,000 miles per hour. Al- Saturn V Launch Vehicle, carrying an un- though it has to survive temperatures hotter manned Apollo space craft. than molten lava, its heat shield is only two and a quarter inches at its thickest North American Rockwell's role in this point. event was considerably larger than that of any other company. This included design, In addition to Apollo and Saturn, other development, construction, and test of the space crafts built by the company are in space craft itself which consisted of the various stages of completion. Rockwell also command module, the launch escape system, works with rocket engines. When you go and the adapter (sheath) for a two-man by South Saunders Street in Raleigh, thank vehicle which descended to the moon from North American Rockwell for helping the an Apollo lunar orbit. United States land a man on the moon.

-10- Do You Know?

Donna Martin seem small to us but it is really very nec- Curious Carolinians essary. Our space program could not be Raleigh possible if it were not for so many people giving something small to make it so big. The Mechanical Aerospace Engineering Department at North Carolina State Universi- ty at Raleigh, North Carolina, performs ex- Dan Deitz periments which are necessary for the space Belmont Cardinals program. This department does important Belmont research and tests. The Perfecting Service Company of Char- A company in Raleigh is going to supply lotte, North Carolina, a division of G. W. some equipment for a biological space Murphy, makes couplings for air hoses such flight. This company asked the college to as the ones used on the space helmets in carry out some tests. the Mercury series. In the Gemini and Apollo flights these couplings can be found on the One experiment that has been conducted portable ventilation equipment the astro- for this company deals with biology. Fungi, nauts carry while outside the space capsule. spores, and other organic matter were placed in a space vacuum for two weeks. The Talon, Inc. in Stanley, North Carolina plants' reactions were recorded. makes zippers which go into space suits.

This department has three wind tunnels. The Lithium Corporation of America, One has an air flow of Mach VI or 4,500 Bessemer City, produces lithium hydrozide miles per hour. Another has an air flow of which is used for carbon dioxide absorption Mach IV or 3,440 miles per hour. The last in space capsules. They also refine lithium one is Mach I. Fans blow the air through the used in the spacecrafts as part of an alloy tunnel. with aluminum and magnesium.

The purpose of the wind tunnels is to Missy Rose see how much air pressure a certain type Curious Carolinians of plane or rocket can withstand. Models of Raleigh airplanes, eight inches in wing span, are General Electric one of im- sent through. Minature rockets one foot long was the most portant factors in the Apollo program as well are used also. as in the other space missions. Thirty-seven The Mechanical Aerospace Engineering General Electric stations throughout the Department's part in the space program may United States are directly linked in the space program research. North Carolina has one such station in Wilmington.

General Electric played a vital part in the making of almost everything that landed on the moon. The rubber soles of the astro- naut's boots and the clear tough plastic used in the helmets are both examples. On the earth, computers, lamps for the instru- ment panels, and the system of ship to satellite viewing of the splashdowns were developed by General Electric. Station sci- entists also conducted studies on the moon rock samples. The most important thing done in North Carolina was the production of the nuclear fuel rods which went into the Apollo craft.

Without General Electric and North Caro- lina, the space program would have hardly A flag taken to the moon and back and bits of begun. Man still would not have left his lunar rock are on display in the east lobby of the Archives and History —State Library Building, footprints on the moon or probed the surface Raleigh. of Mars.

-11- The Energy To Make It Possible

Mary Paige Pate Curious Carolinians Raleigh

It would be very impractical to have an The company is now working on a battery extension cord trailing a spacecraft to the for the Viking spacecraft which will make a moon, wouldn't it? But, to make the flight soft landing on Mars in 1973. They also possible there must be energy. The only have the contract for the batteries for the solution is a battery. space rover, the vehicle that will explore the surface of the moon. Many of their You have probably looked at batteries al- batteries are on the moon, preparing to go, though you never really thought about them. or exploring other planets. A company in Raleigh called Exide Missle and Electronics Division, ESB Incorporated A battery can open up the field of space (formerly Electric Storage Battery) makes because without them it could not be. Mr. the batteries for the Apollo mission, as they George Hartman, representative for ESB In- have done for Surveyor, Mercury, Gemini, corporated, in discussing North Carolina's and even for the Mariner Project. part in space achievements stated, "A battery is like a child. As a battery must There are four compact batteries involved be recharged so must a child be recharged in spacecrafts besides those used in the with food." electrical system. Two in the capsule, one in the ascent and one in the lander are Work done by ESB Incorporated located found. Can you imagine twice the power of on the Louisburg Road leading from Raleigh a car battery and fifty-seven pounds lighter? is very interesting. Interesting, also, is the It's true! The battery for the flight has fact that North Carolina does so much for seventy-five ampheres at twenty-four volts. NASA. This makes you feel important and The final product is about the size of a gives us another reason for being glad to radio and a little bigger than a transistor. be Tar Heels.

V* /

Curious Carolinians from LeRoy Martin Junior High School, Raleigh, visit ESB Incorporated.

(Photo by David Whitehurst)

-12- North Carolina Literary and Arts

NEWS RELEASE: Tar Heel Junior Historian Awards RALEIGH —May 20 —Winners have been chosen in the 1970 Tar Heel Junior Historian contest entered by junior high school students throughout the state, according to an announce- ment by the State Departments of Archives and History and Public Instruction.

Students from Albemarle, Burlington, Edenton, Fayetteville, Henderson, Landis, Raleigh, and Siler City were awarded top honors on projects entered in five categories. History tea- chers within the schools served as advisers.

In the INDIVIDUAL ARTS category first place went to Dean Berry of Horace Sisk Junior High School in Fayetteville for his project The Fall of Fort Fisher. Miss Gay Watson served as adviser. Honorable mention went to Debbie Plyler of Albemarle Junior High School in Albemarle for The Kron Estate. Mrs. Betty Kluttz and Jim Yandle are advisers.

GROUP ARTS category first place winners were the Chief Rockahock Historical Associa- tion of Chowan Academy in Edenton for their project Herring Fishing. Mrs. Virginia H. Wood is adviser. Pool Rock Plantation entered by the Vance Junior Historian Club of E. M. Rollins School in Henderson won honorable mention. Adviser is Ted Scott Henson.

First nlace honors in the INDIVIDUAL LITERARY division went to Bill Morgan of Albe- marle Junior High School in Albemarle for the project History of Tobacco in North Carolina. Martha Jo H oil owe II of Chowan Academy in Edenton won honorable mention for the project The Restoration of the Barker House. Mrs. Virginia H. Wood is adviser.

Rowan County: 1753-1970 by the Corriher-Lipe Junior Historians of Corriher-Lipe Junior High School in Landis took first place in the GROUP LITERARY category. Mrs. Beulah Davis is adviser. Honorable mention went to the Turrentine Junior Historian Club No. 1 of Turrentine Junior High School in Burlington for the project Burlington. Martha Moseley is adviser.

To be eligible for SPECIAL ACHIEVEMENT category, a school must have won awards in three previous contests. First place winners are Curious Carolinians from LeRoy Martin Junior High School in Raleigh for the project Salute to Statues. Mrs. Anne Kennedy is adviser. The Silk Hope Junior Historian Club of Silk Hope School in Siler City won honorable mention for History of St. Bartholomew's Parish. Jim Watson is adviser.

Projects were rated on historical accuracy, contribution to state and local history, work- manship, and style of presentation. Winning projects will be on display in the Junior His- torian Gallery of the North Carolina Museum of History for one year beginning June 1, 1970.

Judges (left to right): Mr. C. L. Criner, Department of Public Instruction; Mrs. Joye E. Jordan and Dr. H. G. Jones, State Department of Archives and History.

-13- Going Things

ALBEMARLE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL—ALBEMARLE

The HISTORY SEEKERS held a history fair for all their contest projects. In all one hundred and fifteen projects were entered. The winners made a trip to Raleigh April 10 to bring their entries to the state contest. In addition to their many projects, a field trip to the Albemarle Police Department and American Efird Mill (cotton) highlighted club activities.

BELMONT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL—BELMONT The NEW GARIBALDI TAR HEEL JUNIOR HISTORIANS and the BELMONT CARDINALS went to work with axes, hatchets, and bare hands to clear the briars and underbrush from the old Goshen Cemetery at the Goshen Presbyterian Church in North Belmont. The students plan to map the cemetery and write its history. Congratulations to Jancie Anderson, BELMONT CARDINALS, for winning first place in the D.A.R. Essay Contest.

TURRENTINE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL—BURLINGTON Congratulations to Andrew White of the TURRENTINE JUNIOR HISTORIANS for his paper "Important Scriptures Written Between 1760 and 1776 which brought about the writing of the Declaration of Independence," which won first prize in the contest sponsored by the

Battle of Alamance Chapter of the D.A.R. •

SEDGEFIELD JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL —CHARLOTTE The HORNET'S NEST chapter of the Tar Heel Junior Historians put on a history fair on January 19 in the school library for the winter program of the Mecklenburg Historical Associa- tion. Thirty-nine junior historians arranged seventeen booths depicting early Mecklenburg through World War II.

CHOWAN ACADEMY—EDENTON The CHIEF ROCKAHOCK HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION has been filling a scrapbook with their many activities. Their club project on Herring Fishing won first place in Elizabeth City at the Museum of the Albemarle. On January 27 they made a trip to Chapel Hill to see Alan Bean.

E. M. ROLLINS SCHOOL—HENDERSON VANCE JUNIOR HISTORIAN CLUB sponsored "Appreciation Week" February 2-6. The club launched the observance with clean-up day activities on Saturday followed by a "Teach- er Appreciation Day" and a "School Colors Day" during the week. At the close of the week an award was presented the student who had contributed most to the school beautification project.

-14- CENTRAL JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL—KINGS MOUNTAIN

It's been a good year for the MOUNTAINEER JUNIOR HISTORIANS! To top it off they are celebrating the end of the junior historian year with a club party.

MOCKSVILLE MIDDLE SCHOOL—MOCKSVILLE The FORKS OF THE YADKIN club members have been enjoying monthly meetings with good programs this year. They visited Old Setzer School in Salisbury earlier in the year.

MOUNT OLIVE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL—MOUNT OLIVE

The MOUNT OLIVE JUNIOR HISTORIANS have been taking an active part in the Cen- tennial activities of their town. Members sold $85 in Centennial stock, made posters adver- tising the event, and carried out special projects at school, with bulletin boards and written reports, detailing early periods of town history. Promenades were held each Friday from March 17 — April 3. Two club members won prizes for their timely costumes. Junior his- torians took part in the "Spectacular" April 11 — 15 which told the story of Mount Olive. In the parade, club members drove a mule hitched to a tobacco wagon depicting early tobacco farming days.

LeROY MARTIN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL—RALEIGH The CURIOUS CAROLINIANS have been working on the Baldhead Island Conservation Club, the Ugly Landmarks Project, Earth Day and Environmental Action program, and a Study of Capitol Square Statues and Their Care. Field trips in the capital city area, to Brunswick, Moore's Creek Bridge, and Bentonville have made this a very exciting year. The CAROLINA CRUSADERS are furthering their campaign to have the statute of Chief Justice Ruffin moved from the Justice Building to Capitol Square. A study of newspapers with complimentary copies of daily newspapers for two weeks culminated with a trip through the offices of the News and Observer. The CAPITOL CITY JUNIOR HISTORIANS and the SIR WALTER RALEIGH JUNIOR HISTORIANS have been busy throughout the year learning about Raleigh. Scrapbooks have been made for general information on Raleigh; guest speakers have stressed the importance of saving old houses; a tour of landmarks in Raleigh gave the club first hand information; and the club contest project on homes in the Blount Street area climaxed their work.

WING ATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL— WINGATE The Wingate Junior Historians have changed their name to the GOLDEN EAGLES. Mem- bers of their club have been busy with their North Carolina booklet and many projects arising from their class discussions. They presented the school with five metal coolers.

-15- Lunar Lines

(These catchy verses are from members of the Curious Carolinians, LeRoy Martin Junior High School, Raleigh. Contributors are: Mary Paige Pate, Ann Adams, and Lori Calverley).

N is for the noble men who venture so far. B is for brilliant which everyone involved in the Space Program is. C is for the computers which have to be up to A is for achievements of which we have had par. many. T is for training which each astronaut must undergo. P is for parachutes which get them back to this T is for time which planning takes a lot of. place. A is for action that takes place in space. E is for ecstasy which every American felt in their hearts last summer. R is for relaxation you don't find in the race. R is for Russia who is our chief competitor.

T is for togetherness that quickens the pace. Y is for youth which glorifies in each shot.

I is for the individual effort they give. C is for calm which each astronaut appears.

N is for the natural life they used to live. A is for authority which everyone involved is in his field. P is for prayers Americans pray for the lives of their heroes. S is for the spirit they had on the trip. S is for space, a world which must be con- quered. P is for panic which we don't see one bit. U is for understanding which NASA usually is.

A is for Apollo which landed on the moon. L is for love which each astronaut displays for his country. is for the clothing which someone will wear C E is for easy which the Space Program isn't. again soon. E is for extra effort to keep equipment in tune.

P is for proud, which astronauts should be.

P is for progress which the U.S. makes day by L is for lunar, the big bright moon we see. day. R is for ready and on their way. A is for astronauts, fearless and bold.

O is for old man on the moon we say. N is for Neptune, a mysterious place, I'm told.

G is for gold which the moon appears in endless E is for endless; the Milky Way. ray. R is for the rough surface with waterless bay. T is for tomorrow, the hope of today.

A is for afraid they can be while floating as they may. M is for magic as the rocket in the sky did lay.

S is for super which the U. S. was that great July 20th day.

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