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Отряд / Order Rodentia Bowdich, 1821* Грызуны Rodents

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Отряд / Order Rodentia Bowdich, 1821* Грызуны Rodents 142 Rodentia Отряд / Order ROdentia Bowdich, 1821* Грызуны Rodents Си С т е м а т и к а . С высокой вероятностью TAXONOMY . Most probably a monophyl- монофилетическая группа, хотя некото- etic group though some molecular genetic рые молекулярно-генетические данные data do not support this statement (Graur не поддерживают этого (Graur et al., 1991; et al., 1991; Adkins et al., 2001); the lat- Adkins et al., 2001); отчасти последнее обу- ter partly caused by incorrect methods of словлено методической некорректностью analysis (Sullivan, Swofford, 1997; Reyes анализа (Sullivan, Swofford, 1997; Reyes et et al., 2004). Lagomorphs are usually al., 2004). Ближайшей группой обычно considered as the most close relatives of считаются зайцеобразные (Lagomorpha), rodents, they together constitute a su- вместе с которыми грызуны составляют perorder Glires (see account of the class надотряд Glires (см. характеристику клас- Mammalia). However, rodents could be са Mammalia). Согласно другим версиям, most closely related to chiropterans or to ближайшими родственниками грызунов primates according to some other versions могут быть рукокрылые или приматы (Honeycutt, Adkins, 1993; Agadjanyan et (Honeycutt, Adkins, 1993; Агаджанян и др., al., 2000; Misawa, Janke, 2003). 2000; Misawa, Janke, 2003). The principle branches within the order Основные подразделения отряда трак- are treated inconsistently. There are 2 туются противоречиво. В простейшем suborders recognized in most simple случае его делят на 2 подотряда — case: Sciurognathi (or Ischyromyiformes) Sciurognathi (или Ischyromyiformes) и and Hystricognathi (or Ctenohystrica), Hystricognathi (или Ctenohystrica) с не- each with several infraorders (Carleton, сколькими инфраотрядами в каждом из 1984; Huchon et al., 2000; Marivaux et них (Carleton, 1984; Huchon et al., 2000; al., 2004). In more detailed classifica- Marivaux et al., 2004). В более дробных tions, 3 to 5 suborders of different content классификациях выделяют 3–5 подо- are distinguished (Adkins et al., 2003; трядов, их состав варьирует (Павлинов, Pavlinov, 2003; Steppan et al., 2004; Ca- 2003; Adkins et al., 2003; Steppan et al., rleton, Musser, 2005a; Frabotta, 2005; 2004; Carleton, Musser, 2005a; Frabotta, Farwick et al., 2006; Blanga-Kanfi et 2005; Farwick et al., 2006; Blanga-Kanfi et al., 2009; Churakov et al., 2010). This al., 2009; Churakov et al., 2010). Включает group includes no less than 60 families, не менее 60 семейств, из них 30–35 со- 30–35 of which are Recent (Musser, Ca- временных (Musser, Carleton, 1993, 2005; rleton, 1993, 2005; McKenna, Bell, 1997; McKenna, Bell, 1997; Павлинов, 2003). Pavlinov, 2003). The system with 3 sub- Здесь для фауны России принята систе- orders and 12 families is adopted here for ма из 3 подотрядов и 12 семейств. the Russian fauna. * © И.Я. Павлинов, Л.А. Хляп / I.Ya. Pavlinov, L.A. Khlyap Rodentia 143 В некоторых системах отряд обознача- This order is designated as Rodentiformes ется как Rodentiformes, Muriformes (За- or , Muriformes in some systems (Zagoro- городнюк, 1999а; Kinman, 2007). dnyuk, 1999а; Kinman, 2007). Ра С п Р о С т Р а н е н и е . Всесветно (в том чис- DIS T RIBU T ION . Cosmopolitan (also synan- ле с человеком), кроме Антарктиды. thtropic), except for Antarctic. Подотряд / Suborder SciuROmORpha Brandt, 1855 Белкообразные Sciuromoprhs Си С т е м а т и к а . Монофилетический так- TAXONOMY . Monophyletic group, quite сон, весьма проблемный в отношении problematic in respect to the structure всей структуры филогенетических свя- of phylogenetic relationships at the level зей на уровне его базальной радиации of its basal radiation (Carleton, Musser, (Carleton, Musser, 2005). Современные 2005). Recent molecular genetic data молекулярно-генетические данные are both in favor and against classical свидетельствуют как за, так и против concept of Sciuromorpha (Adkins et al., классической концепции Sciuromorpha 2001; DeBry, Sagel, 2001; Huchon et al., (Adkins et al., 2001; DeBry, Sagel, 2001; 2002; Montgelard et al., 2002; Frabotta, Huchon et al., 2002; Montgelard et al., 2002; 2005; Veniaminova et al., 2007; Churakov Frabotta, 2005; Вениаминова и др., 2007; et al., 2010). Allocation of Glirimorpha Churakov et al., 2010). Наиболее опреде- here seems to be most certain, suppor- лённым можно считать включение сюда ted by almost all of the above-cited pa- Glirimorpha, поддерживается почти во pers except for (DeBry, Sagel, 2001), всех указанных работах, кроме (DeBry, Castorimorpha and Myomorpha should Sagel, 2001). Cогласно некоторым дан- be also allocated to this group according ным сюда должны быть включены так- to some data (Carleton, 1984; DeBry, же Castorimorpha и Myomorpha (Carleton, Sagel, 2001; Montgelard et al., 2002). The 1984; DeBry, Sagel, 2001; Montgelard et al., suborder is adopted here for the Russian 2002). Здесь для фауны России подотряд fauna (African Sciurognathi are not taken (без африканских Sciurognathi) принят into consideration) in its classical treat- в классической трактовке: включает ment to include infraorders Sciurida and инфраотряды Sciurida и Glirimorpha. Glirimorpha. Инфраотряд / infraorder SciuRida carus, 1868 Си С т е м а т и к а . Включает 1–2 надсе- TAXONOMY . Divided into 2 superfami- мейства: Sciuroidea s. lato и монотипи- lies: Sciuroidea s. lato and monotypical ческий Aplodontoidea из С. Америки Aplodontoidea from N America (DeBry, (De Bry, Sagel, 2001; Marivaux et al., 2004; Sagel, 2001; Marivaux et al., 2004; Fra- Frabotta, 2005; Churakov et al., 2010). botta, 2005; Churakov et al., 2010). 144 Rodentia Надсемейство / Superfamily SciuROidea s. lato Си С т е м а т и к а . Включает 1 (принято TAXONOMY . Includes 1 (adopted here) здесь) или 2 семейства, в зависимости or 2 families, depending on taxonomic от таксономической трактовки группы ranking of the flying squirrels group (see летяговых (см. далее). below). Семейство / Family SciuRidae Fischer, 1817 Си н о н и м ы / Sy n o n y m S . Arctomydae Gray, 1820 (nom. oblit.?); Arctomysidae Lesson, 1842 (emend.); Campasciurina Brandt, 1855 (emend., nom. nud.); Campsiurina Brandt, 1844 (part., nom. nud.); Citellini Gromov, 1965 (nom. nud.); Marmotinae Pocock, 1923; Pteromyini Brandt, 1855; Spermophilina Moore, 1959; Tamiina Moore, 1959. Беличьи Sciurids Си С т е м а т и к а . Монофилетический та к- TAXONOMY . Monophyletic group, central in сон, центральный в подотр. Sciuro mo- the suborder Sciuromorpha. Number, con- rpha. Число, состав и ранги основных tents and ranks of principal suprageneric надродовых таксонов весьма дискусси- taxa are quite disputable. The family in its онны. В узкой трактовке не включает most narrow treatment does not include летяг. В широкой трактовке в простей- flying squirrels. When widely treated, it ших классификациях выделяют 2 под- is divided into 2 subfamilies, Sciurinae семейства — Sciurinae и Pteromyinae and Pteromyinae, in most simplified clas- (McLaughlin, 1984; Hoffmann et al., sifications (McLaughlin, 1984; Hoffmann 1993; McKenna, Bell, 1997), в дробных et al., 1993; McKenna, Bell, 1997), or into 3–5 подсемейств разного состава и 3–5 subfamilies of various contents and объёма, все современные (Павлинов, scope, all Recent (Pavlinov, 2003; Steppan 2003; Steppan et al., 2004; Thorington, et al., 2004; Thorington, Hoffmann, 2005). Hoffmann, 2005). Включает ок. 40 со- Includes about 40 extant and as many extinct временных и столько же ископаемых genera (McKenna, Bell, 1997; Pavlinov, родов (McKenna, Bell, 1997; Павлинов, 2003; Thorington, Hoffmann, 2005). For 2003; Thorington, Hoffmann, 2005). В the Russian fauna, 3 subfamilies with 6 фауне России здесь принято 6 родов, genera are adopted here. разделённых на 3 подсемейства. DIS T RIBU T ION . Eurasia, Africa, N and S Ра С п Р о С т Р а н е н и е . Евразия, Африка, С. America. и Ю. Америки. Ex t i n c t i o n r i S k S . IUCN: EN — 1 spe- Ри С к и и С ч е з н о в е н и я . МСОП: EN — 1 cies, NT — 2 species/semispecies, LC вид, NT — 2 вида/полувида, LC — 11 — 1 species/semispecies, DD — 1 spe- видов/полувидов, DD — 1 вид; Россия: cies; Russia: category 1 — 1 species, категория 1 — 1 вид, категория 4 — 1 category 4 — 1 subspecies, Appendix подвид, Приложение 3 — 1 вид. 3 — 1 species. Sciuridae 145 Подсемейство / Suibfamily pteROmyinae Brandt, 1855 Летяговые Flying Squirrels Си С т е м а т и к а . С высокой вероятностью TAXONOMY . Highly probably a monophyl- монофилетическая группа, ближайшие etic group, close kinship relationships and родственные связи и таксономический taxonomic rank within Sciuroidea are ранг в рамках Sciuroidea не вполне яс- not fully clear. Considered as a separate ны. В традиционных классификациях family or as a subfamily within Sciuridae рассматривается как отдельное семей- in traditional classification. According ство или как подсемейство в составе to most recent morphological and mo- Sciuridae. Согласно новейшим морфоло- lecular genetic data, the flying squir- гическим и молекулярно-генетическим rels are ranked as a tribe placed close to данным летяги — триба, сестринская Sciurini within subfamily Sciurinae s. str. группа для Sciurini в составе подсемей- (Thorington et al., 2002; Mercer, Roth, ства Sciurinae s. str. (Thorington et al., 2003; Herron et al., 2004; Steppan et al., 2002; Mercer, Roth, 2003; Herron et al., 2004; Thorington, Hoffmann, 2005). The 2004; Steppan et al., 2004; Thorington, conservative version (Hoffmann et al., Hoffmann, 2005). Здесь принят консер- 1993; Pavlinov, Yakhontov et al., 1995; вативный вариант (Hoffmann et al., 1993; McKenna, Bell, 1997; Pavlinov, 2003) is Павлинов,
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