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Mikania, Asteraceae) En Colombia

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Revisión taxonómica de las especies de la serie Corymbosae (Mikania, Asteraceae) en Colombia Jose Reinaldo Aguilar Cano Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Bogotá D.C., 2015 1 Revisión taxonómica de las especies de la serie Corymbosae (Mikania, Asteraceae) en Colombia Jose Reinaldo Aguilar Cano Trabajo de investigación presentado como requisito parcial para optar al título de Magíster en Ciencias Biológicas Director: Favio Antonio González Garavito Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Bogotá D.C., 2015 2 In Memoriam Santiago Díaz–Piedrahíta (1944–2014) 3 Agradecimientos El autor expresa sus agradecimientos a la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá; al Jardín Botánico de Bogotá “José Celestino Mutis” y al programa “Thomas van der Hammen: estímulos para la investigación en la Región Capital”; a la Asociación Colombiana de Herbarios; a los curadores de los herbarios CAUP, COAH, COL, CUVC, HUA, HUQ, JAUM, MEDEL, MO, MOL, PSO, QCA, USM; al profesor Favio González por la dirección de este trabajo; a los profesores Julio Betancur y Santiago Díaz (q.e.p.d) del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales; a la bióloga Marcela Morales por las ilustraciones; a Caetano Troncoso por las fotografías en campo que acompañan este documento; a Betsy Rodríguez, Fabio Ávila y Margarita López por su apoyo y colaboración. 4 Resumen La subtribu monogenérica Mikaniinae (Asteraceae) es la más grande dentro de las Eupatorieae; su género tipo, Mikania Willd. comprende aproximadamente 450 especies. En Colombia se ha documentado la presencia de cerca de 63 especies distribuidas desde el nivel de mar hasta los bosques andinos y páramos a 4000 m de altura. La mayor concentración de especies se registra en elevaciones medias, entre 1000 y 2500 m de elevación. Se presenta el estudio taxonómico de las especies de la serie Corymbosae presentes en Colombia. Con base en trabajo de campo y de herbario, se evaluaron los caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos tradicionalmente usados para la definición de las especies de la serie Corymbosae, en particular los relacionados con las capitulescencias. Entre los resultados más relevantes se presenta la caracterización morfológica y la revisión taxonómica de 17 especies pertenecientes a esta serie, incluida una nueva especie. Además, se proporciona información de la distribución geográfica de las especies en el país. El tratamiento incluye una clave de identificación taxonómica y descripciones de cada especie, acompañadas de las sinonimias pertinentes, mapas de distribución, comentarios taxonómicos, ilustraciones y microfotografías. La nueva especie descrita hasta ahora ha sido recolectada en el Páramo de Frontino en la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia. Adicionalmente, los siguientes nombres fueron lectotipificados: M. amblyolepis, M, cordifolia, M. guaco, M. lloenis, M. micrantha, M. parviflora, M. popayanenesis y M. trinitaria. De acuerdo con los registros disponibles, 15 especies de Mikania son de distribución restringida para el país; de éstas, la mitad hacen parte de la serie Corymbosae s.l. Todas estas especies, excepto M. dictyophylla, habitan en una única región biogeográfica por lo que se trata de especies con áreas de distribución restringida. Tres de éstas especies se encuentran categorizadas En Peligro y una En Peligro Crítico, lo que las convierte en elementos de conservación local. Palabras clave: Compositae, Mikaniinae, inflorescencias, Flora de Colombia, Mikania, Mikania betancurii sp. nov. 5 Abstract The monogeneric subtribe Mikaniinae (Asteraceae) is the largest within the Eupatorieae; the type genus, Mikania Willd. comprises about 450 species. In Colombia, there has been documented the presence of about 63 species distributed from the sea level up to the Andean forests and páramos at 4000 m elevation. The highest concentration of species occurs at mid elevations, between 1000 and 2500 m. Here, the taxonomic study of the species present in Colombia ser. Corymbosae is presented. Based on fieldwork and herbarium specimens, diagnostic morphological characters traditionally used to define species of ser. Corymbosae, particularly those related to capitulescences, are revisited. As a result, the morphological characterization and the taxonomic revision of 17 species belonging to this series, included a new species are, here presented. Additional information on the geographic distribution of species in the country is provided. The present monograph includes a species–level key for taxonomic identification and descriptions of each species, which are accompanied by the relevant synonyms, distribution maps, taxonomic comments, illustrations and photomicrographs. The new species of Mikania, known until now from the páramo of Frontino in the Western Cordillera of Colombia, is decribed. Additionally, the following names are lectotypified M. amblyolepis, M, cordifolia, M. guaco, M. lloenis, M. micrantha, M. parviflora, M. popayanenesis y M. trinitaria. According to all available records, 15 species of Mikania are restricted to Colombia; half of these species are part of the series Corymbosae s.l. All these species, except M. dictyophylla, are restricted to a single biogeographic region and three of them are categorized as Endangered and Critically Endangered, which turns them into critical elements for local conservation. 6 Contenido Agradecimientos ........................................................................................................... 4 Resumen ....................................................................................................................... 5 Abstract ........................................................................................................................ 6 Contenido ..................................................................................................................... 7 Índice de figuras ........................................................................................................... 9 Lista de tablas ............................................................................................................. 12 Introducción ................................................................................................................ 13 Clasificación infragenérica de Mikania .................................................................... 13 OBJETIVOS ............................................................................................................... 16 Objetivo general ...................................................................................................... 16 Objetivos específicos ............................................................................................... 16 Historia taxonómica .................................................................................................... 16 Afinidades genéricas ................................................................................................... 21 Importancia económica y etnobotánica ........................................................................ 22 Ecología ...................................................................................................................... 23 Métodos ...................................................................................................................... 24 Revisión bibliográfica y de herbario ........................................................................ 24 Fase de laboratorio .................................................................................................. 25 Estudio de caracteres morfológicos ..................................................................... 25 Exploración y redefinición de caracteres diagnósticos dentro de Mikania ............ 25 Distribución geográfica ....................................................................................... 27 Procesamiento y análisis de la información .............................................................. 27 Elaboración de descripciones y claves taxonómicas ............................................. 27 Resultados y discusión ................................................................................................ 28 Caracteres Morfológicos .......................................................................................... 28 Hábito ................................................................................................................. 28 Indumento ........................................................................................................... 30 Tallo ................................................................................................................... 34 Hojas ................................................................................................................... 36 Capitulescencias o sinflorescencias ..................................................................... 45 Paracladios determinados: ....................................................................................... 46 7 Paracladios indeterminados: .................................................................................... 50 Redefinición de Mikania serie Corymbosae ............................................................. 51 Capítulos ............................................................................................................. 53 Bráctea subinvolucral .........................................................................................
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