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7 Diatoms of National Botanical Garden IRAN A STUDY ON DIATOMS OF THE ARTIFICIAL PONDS AND LAKES OF THE NATIONAL BOTANICAL GARDEN, IRAN T. Nejadsattari, Z. Shariatmadari, & Z. Jamzad Nejadsattari,T., Z. Shariatmadari, and Z. Jamzad 2007 008 01: A study on Diatoms of the artificial ponds and lakes of National Botanical Garden, Iran. – Iran. Journ. Bot. 13 (1): 6-11. Tehran. Five aquatic sites of National Botanical Garden of Iran monthly were sampled from December 2003 to November 2004. Total number of 68 genera in 18 families and 11 orders of the planktonic Diatoms were identified. Among the families Bacillariaceae with 19 genera and species showed the highest species richness. Cymbellaceae (11 species), Naviculaceae (7 species), Surirellaceae (6 species), Pleurosigmataceae (4 species), Fragilariaceae and Achnanthaceae each with 4 species, Pinnulariaceae and Gomphonemaceae each with 2 species and Rhopalodiaceae, Cosmioneidaceae, Diadesmidiaceae, Amphipleuraceae, Catenulaceae, Melosiraceae, Mastogloiaceae, Stephanodiscaceae, Anomoeoneidaceae each with 1 species respectively presented in the studied sites. High population densities of species were observed in the cold seasons. Taher Nejadsattari and Zeinab Shariatmadari (coresponding author), Islamic Azad University, Research and Science Branch, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Tehran, Iran. –Ziba Jamzad, Reasearch Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Department of Botany, Tehran, Iran. Key words. Phytoplankton, Diatom, Population, Botanical Garden, Iran. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي در ﻣﻮرد دﻳﺎﺗﻮﻣﻬﺎي درﻳﺎﭼﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺮﻛﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻧﮋاد ﺳﺘﺎري، زﻳﻨﺐ ﺷﺮﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪاري و زﻳﺒﺎ ﺟﻢ زاد در ﻃﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ دﻳﺎﺗﻮﻣﻬﺎي 5 ﺑﺮﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻲ در ﺑﺎغ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻣﻠﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎﻧﻪ از آذر 1382 ﺗﺎ آﺑﺎن 1383 ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 68 ﺟﻨﺲ وﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 18 ﺗﻴﺮه و 11 راﺳﺘﻪ از دﻳﺎﺗﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻛﻪ ﺗﻴﺮه Bacillariaceae ﺑﺎ 19 ﺟﻨﺲ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي را ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺗﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي Cymbellaceae (11 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، Naviculaceae (7 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ) ، Surirellaceae (6 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، Pleurosigmataceae (4 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)،Fragilariaceae و Achnanthaceae (ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﺑﺎ 4 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ)، Pinnulariaceae و Gomphonemaceae (ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﺑﺎ 2 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ) و ﺗﻴﺮهﻫﺎي ,Rhopalodiaceae, Cosmioneidaceae, Diadesmidiaceae, Amphipleuraceae, Catenulaceae Melosiraceae, Mastogloiaceae, Stephanodiscaceae, Anomoeoneidaceae ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪام ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﺮاﺗﺐ ﺑﻌﺪي ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﻣﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺳﺮد ﺳﺎل ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ . INTRODUCTION b, 2003). Diatom flora of Neure lake was reported by Algae are major constituents of aquatic ecosystems Nejadsattari (2005) and Epiphytic algal flora of Anzali (Zimba & Hopson 1997). Due to their minute size they lagoon were studied by Nejadsattari, & al. (2005). are often overlooked in limnological studies. Their Also, algal flora of lotic waters of Zayandehrood river importance in terms of productivity and as a food were investigated by Afsharzadeh & al. (2003). S source in higher trophic levels is well known sseveral lakes, ponds, wetlands and rivers in different (Burkholder & WetzelArchive 1990). Studies on algal flora areasof were studiedSID from 1997. In this work Diatoms have received little attention in Iran and there are few flora of five artificial ponds and lakes in National published surveys of algal floras (Hirono 1973, Botanical Garden of Iran were studied. The present Wasylik 1975, Compere 1981). Moghaddam (1976) has study is an attempt to contribute to the knowledge reported diatoms from small portion of Zayandeh Rood about Diatoms and their distribution in these aquatic river. Löffler (1961) reported different algal groups ecosystems. from several geographical areas of Iran. Depth distribution of epipelic algae, seasonal distribution of MATERIALS AND METHODS epiphytic algae in Anzali Lagoon and vertical Five aquatic sites were selected for sampling. distribution of epiphytic diatoms on Typha latifolia L. Approximate area and depth of sites and their and Phragmites austuralis Trim. in Amir Kalayeh substratum were given in table 1. Lagoon, were reported by Nejadsattari & al. (2002a and www.SID.ir 7 Diatoms of National Botanical Garden Table 1. Approximate area and depth of study sites. Ponds & Lakes Area (m 1 Rock garden 2500 2.5 Plastic (Keltan) 2 Systematic garden 110 1 Cement 3 Trial area 102 1.2 Plastic (isogam) 4 Japanese garden 3000 2.5 Cement 5 Salt lake 1975 1.5 Plastic (Keltan) Monthly Samples were obtained from each site from December 2003 through November 2004. All samples were collected between 10 AM-13 PM. Sampling procedure collected in a 1 liter bottle from 0.5m depth of shore IRAN. JOURN. BOT. line. Water temperature and pH were measured immediately after collection. All samples were fixed in 3% formalin, labeled, and were carried to the laboratory in cool containers. Algal samples were allowed to settle for at least 7 days and the super liquid section moved, the final volume of concentrated sample . was 130 ml. Diatoms was cleaned using the At method each site three samples were 2 described by Patrick & Reimer (1975). Oxidation by ) Depth (m) Substratum hydrogen peroxide and potassium dichromate was done. Slides of diatoms for microscopic analysis were prepared. Identification of algae was done using a Sairan model Identification was based on (1973), Prescott (1970), Eileen J. Cox (1996), 13 (1), 2007 Krammer and Lange-Bertalot (1985) and Patrick & Reimer (1966, 1975). Enumeration of algae was done using Sedgwick-Rafter cell. At least 300 cells were 20 (BM-22h) 18 counted and population density was reported as cell/ml. Fig. 1. Number of species among families of diatoms. 16 14 All statistical analysis was done using Excel ver. 2000. No of species 12 10 8 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6 4 In this study 68 taxa of Bacillariophyta were identified. microscope at 400-1000X. 2 Whittford and Schumacher 0 These belong to 11 orders and 18 families which 53 were identified at species level and other in generic Bacillariaceae level (Figs 1, 2). Cymbellaceae Naviculaceae Surirellaceae Pleurosigmataceae Fragilariaceae 18 familia Achnanthaceae Fig. 2. Number Archive of SID Gomphonemataceae Pinnulariaceae Stephanodiscaceae Melosiraceae Mastogloiaceae of species, families and orders. 11 orders 28 genera Anomoeoneidaceae Cosmioneidaceae Diadesmidiaceae Amphipleuraceae Catenulaceae Rhopalodiaceae 68 species Species genus familia order www.SID.ir IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 13 (1), 2007 Nejadsattari & al. 8 List of Diatom species Pinnularia sp. Bacillariophyta Naviculaceae Coscinodiscophyceae Navicula accommoda Hustedt Thalassiosirales Navicula cincta (Ehrenberg) Kützing Stephanodiscaceae Navicula cryptocephala Kützing Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing Navicula gregaria Donkin Melosirales Navicula lanceolata var. phyllepta (Kützing) Cleve Melosiraceae Navicula subrhynchocephala Hustedt Melosira varians C. Agardh Navicula veneta Kützing Fragilariophyceae Pleurosigmataceae Fragilariales Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kützing) Rabenhorst Fragilariaceae Gyrosigma sp.1 Fragilaria sp. Gyrosigma sp.2 Ulnaria acus (Kützing) M. Aboal Gyrosigma spencerii (W. Smith) Griffith & Henfrey Synedra rumpens Kützing. Thalassiophysales Synedrella parasitica (W. Smith) Round & Maidana Catenulaceae Bacillariophyceae Amphora ovalis (Kützing) Kützing Mastoglolales Bacillariales Mastogloiaceae Bacillariaceae Aneumastus sp. Denticula elegans Kützing Cymbellales Denticula kuetzingii Grunow Cymbellaceae Denticula sp. Cymbella lanceolata (Ehrenberg) Kirchner Denticula tenuis Kützing Cymbella grecilis (Rabenhorst.) Cleve Nitzschia frustulum (Kützing) Grunow Cymbella turgida W.Gregory Nitzschia fonticola (Grunow) Grunow Cymbella naviculiformis (Auerswald) Cleve Nitzschia fossilis (Grun) Grun Cymbella affinis Kützing Nitzschia baciliformis Hustedt Cymbella cistula (Hemprich & Ehrenberg) O. Kirchner Nitzschia communis Grunow Cymbella tumida (Brébisson.) von Heurck Nitzschia hantzschiana Rabenhorst Cymbella sp.1 Nitzschia intermedia Hantzsch Cymbella sp.2 Nitzschia lacuum Lange-Bertalot Cymbella sp.3 Nitzschia ovalis H. J. Arnott Placoneis clementioides (Hustedt) E. J. Cox Nitzschia palea (Kutzing) W. Smith Gomphonemataceae Nitzschia paleacea Grunow Gomphonema sp1. Nitzschia radicula Hustedt Gomphonema sp2. Nitzschia recta Hantzsch Anomoeoneidaceae Nitzschia solita Hustedt Anomoeoneis sphaerophora (Kützing) Pfitz. Nitzschia subacicularis Hustedt Achnanthales Rhopalodiales Achnanthaceae Rhopalodiaceae Achnanthes delicatula Kützing Epithemia sp. Achnanthes exigua Grunow Surirellales Achnanthes pseudoswaziArchive J. A.Carter Surirellaceaeof SID Achnanthidium minutissima (Kützing) Czarnecki Campylodiscus sp. Naviculales Cymatopleura solea (Breb.) W. Smith Cosmioneidaceae Stenopterobia sigmatella (W. Gregory) R. Ross Cosmioneis pusilla (W. Smith) D. G. Mann & A. J. Surirella capronii Brebisson Stickle Surirella robusta Ehrenberg Diadesmidiaceae Surirella sp. Diadesmis spp. Amphipleuraceae Results showed in sites 3 and 4 diatoms have high Frustulia rhomboids var. saxonica (Rabenhorst) Detoni density in spring and in site 2 the highest density of Pinnulariaceae diatoms occurred in autumn and winter (Figs. 4, 5, 6). Caloneis amphisbaena (Bory) Cleve. In sites 1 and 5 there were distinct population change www.SID.ir 9 Diatoms of National Botanical Garden IRAN. JOURN. BOT. 13 (1), 2007 8000 6000 4000 2000 Date Number in mililiter 0 March February 83 82 Figure 3. Monthly Variation graph of Bacillariophyceae ion station 1 n = 3, X± SD 500 400 300 200 100 Date number in mililiter 0 March February 83 82 Figure 4. Monthly Variation graph of Bacillariophyceae in station 2 n = 3, X± SD 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 ِ Date
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