AGRADECIMIENTOS En Principio Quiero Agradecer Principalmente A

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AGRADECIMIENTOS En Principio Quiero Agradecer Principalmente A AGRADECIMIENTOS En principio quiero agradecer principalmente a mi madre la cual me apoyo durante toda la carrera y fue la razón central del esfuerzo de estos años. A la Prof. Elisa Beltriti la cual con sus amplios conocimientos y su forma de transmitirlos ayudo en la corrección del trabajo y a la Prof. Mercedes Massafra porque sin su colaboración, tiempo y su gran aporte metodológico el trabajo simplemente no se hubiese podido terminar en forma correcta. A todas las entidades y embajadas que prestaron sus conocimientos y muchísimo material para la investigación. 1 INDICE Introducción...............................................................................................5 Capitulo 1 – Introducción a la cultura Islámica Subcapítulo 1.1 El origen del Islam ¿Qué significa?................................7 Subcapítulo 1.2 Principios y aspectos de su religión...............................19 Subcapítulo 1.3 Cultura Islámica: la expansión geográfica del Islam desde los Pirineos hasta Indonesia....................................................................................................24 Subcapitulo1.4 Ceremonias y costumbres................................................30 Subcapítulo 1.5 El Islam en el mundo .....................................................36 Capitulo 2 – Ciudades Islámicas turísticas y su arquitectura: las grandes mezquitas, medinas y madrazas. Subcapítulo 2-1 Arquitectura islámica: compresión de sus formas para una mejor apreciación de los atractivos.............................................................43 Subcapítulo 2.2 Egipto: elementos arquitectónicos musulmanes más sobresalientes en el Cairo ………………………………………………...55 Subcapítulo 2.3 Turquía: Gran mezquita azul y otros elementos arquitectónicos de importancia..............................................................................................61 Subcapítulo 2. 4 Túnez: un país árabe occidentalizado..............................75 2 Capitulo 3. - Ciudades Islámicas en conflicto: Patrimonio cultural en riesgo Subcapítulo 3.1 Turismo geopolitico:Tours de la realidad nueva tendencia.......................................................................................................108 Subcapítulo 3.2 Arabia Saudita: La prohibición del ingreso turístico al país.................................................................................................................117 Subcapítulo 3. 3 Irak e Irán: patrimonio cultural en extinción.........................................................................................................126 Subcapítulo 3 4 Afganistán y Pakistán: Interés turístico...........................................................................................................138 Subcapítulo 3. 5 El Líbano, Siria y Jordania: destinos en ascenso............149 Subcapítulo 3.6 Dubai: el nuevo destino árabe................................................................................................................174 Capitulo 4. - Comercialización de destinos árabes. Subcapítulo 4.2: Marruecos.........................................................................................................181 Subcapítulo 4.2 Plan de marketing: Marruecos..........................................................................................................202 Subcapítulo 4.3 Marketing de destinos: Marruecos...........................................................................................................220 Subcapítulo 4.4 turismo visión 2020....................................................................................................................243 3 Subcapítulo 4.5 Paquetes turísticos destinos árabes: agencias Que los comercializan.......................................................................................................246 Circuito Inédito: Jordania, Irán, EAU (Dubai), Omán y Yemen..................................................................................................................262 Conclusión............................................................................................................272 Glosario…………………………………………………………………………274 Bibliografía..........................................................................................................280 4 INTRODUCCIÓN Objetivo General Esta investigación acerca de la cultura islámica y sus características peculiares para la sociedad occidental, tiene como objetivo aportar la información suficiente para la mejor comprensión de esta cultura y de cómo se manifiesta en sus principales ciudades, haciendo así más sencilla la interacción entre las partes involucradas en la investigación. Objetivo Primario Demostrar el potencial atractivo que estos destinos representan hoy en día como una opción interesante para tener en cuenta a la hora de viajar, con la premisa de conocer destinos vinculados a la cultura árabe de Medio Oriente, teniendo en cuenta las nuevas tendencias del turismo. Objetivos secundarios Comprender la cultura islámica en su profundidad y por ende a la sociedad que la integra. Reconocer nuevas alternativas de mercado turístico en los países árabes. Promover el interés por nuevos mercados turísticos, especialmente por países árabes con menos afluencia turística. Analizar la arquitectura árabe para una mejor apreciación de los atractivos culturales. Señalar los países árabes que actualmente prohíben el ingreso turístico. Realizar una investigación de la infraestructura y del equipamiento de uno de los destinos árabes más concurridos: MARRUECOS. 5 Desarrollar información acerca del interés turístico y de los atractivos socio- culturales de los países árabes mas concurridos. Desarrollar información acerca del interés turístico y de los atractivos socio- culturales de los países árabes en conflicto socio-político. Demostrar mediante datos precisos que algunos de los destinos mencionados en la investigación representan hoy en día una fuerte posibilidad para los mercados turísticos que buscan ampliar sus horizontes, se demostrara como dichos lugares poseen un equipamiento y una infraestructura que permite posicionarlo dentro de las posibilidades potenciales de viaje. Metodología de la investigación Dentro del actual mercado turístico hay una necesidad de encontrar nuevas alternativas a lo tradicional. Este trabajo recopila completa información de los principales destinos árabes tanto convencionales como los no convencionales, se explaya acerca de su sociedad y su cultura con el objetivo de generar interés, mayor conocimiento e información sobre los distintos lugares que aquí se mencionan, a fin de generar en el consumidor la posibilidad de disfrutar de una perspectiva diferente y de un conocimiento profundo de este mercado cultural. Las técnicas de recopilación de información están mencionadas dentro del desarrollo del trabajo. En cuanto a las cuestiones de mercado que se encaran en la investigación, ejemplificando a Marruecos como uno de los lugares en pleno crecimiento y como una fuerte posibilidad a la hora de ofrecer destinos a los mercados misivos 6 europeos en busca de alternativas diferentes, dentro de una industria del viaje dispuesta a satisfacer las inquietudes y necesidades del potencial viajero. Si bien algunos de los destinos turísticos que aquí se desarrollaran representan ya una fuerte posibilidad y una opción permanente para visitar desde los mercados emisivos más importantes, como es el caso de Turquía o Egipto, el trabajo tratara de reflejar consejos e información para que el turista que va a visitar estos sitios históricos con mas de 3000 años de antigüedad, tales como las pirámides de Egipto, Efeso y Troya en Turquía, comprenda que la ciudad soporte de dichos atractivos es una ciudad Árabe, con sus propias costumbres, ciudades como El Cairo y Estambul a menudo representan la única opción mas amplia de alojamiento o las que despliegan mejor oferta de equipamiento además por supuesto de ser las entradas obligatorios por allí ubicarse el aeropuerto internacional. 7 CAPITULO 1 INTRODUCCION A LA CULTURA ISLAMICA SUBCAPITULO 1.1: EL ORIGEN DEL ISLAM: ¿QUE SIGNIFICA? En tiempos de Mahoma, la península Arábiga estaba habitada por beduinos nómadas dedicados al pastoreo y al bandidaje, y por árabes que vivían del comercio en las ciudades. La religión de los árabes era politeísta e idólatra aunque existía una antigua tradición de monoteísmo, o por lo menos la creencia en una divinidad suprema. Las comunidades judías y cristianas quizá contribuyeron a crear una mayor receptividad hacia las doctrinas monoteístas, aunque ni el judaísmo ni el cristianismo atrajeron a los árabes. A Mahoma lo precedieron algunos predicadores monoteístas aunque con poco éxito. Mahoma Mahoma tuvo su primera experiencia profética a los 40 años de edad cuando, según afirmaba, se le apareció el arcángel Gabriel en una visión. Mahoma confió a su familia (perteneciente a la tribu quraysh, que disfrutaba del poder político en La Meca) y amigos íntimos el contenido de ésta y de sucesivas visiones. Después de cuatro años, había convertido a unas 40 personas y luego comenzó a predicar en público en su ciudad natal de La Meca, principal núcleo comercial de Arabia. Ante la hostilidad de esta ciudad, marchó a Medina en el año 622. Este acontecimiento, la Hégira o 'emigración' marca el primer año del calendario islámico. En Medina, Mahoma adquirió muy pronto autoridad 8 espiritual y temporal, y llegó a ser reconocido como legislador y profeta. Tras vencer la oposición árabe y judía que había encontrado en Medina, emprendió entonces
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