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The Results of the Combined Isotonic-Isometric Execution Compared to the Isotonic Execution in Terms of Strength Development and Muscle Girth

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The Results of the Combined Isotonic-Isometric Execution Compared to the Isotonic Execution in Terms of Strength Development and Muscle Girth University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-1966 The Results of the Combined Isotonic-Isometric Execution Compared to the Isotonic Execution in Terms of Strength Development and Muscle Girth Arnold William Pedersen University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Rehabilitation and Therapy Commons, and the Sports Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Pedersen, Arnold William, "The Results of the Combined Isotonic-Isometric Execution Compared to the Isotonic Execution in Terms of Strength Development and Muscle Girth. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1966. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/1420 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Arnold William Pedersen entitled "The Results of the Combined Isotonic-Isometric Execution Compared to the Isotonic Execution in Terms of Strength Development and Muscle Girth." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Exercise and Sport Sciences. Ben A. Plotnicki, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Bill C. Wallace, Andrew J. Kozar Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) August 3, 1966 To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Arnold William Pedersen entitled "The Results of the Combined Isotonic-Isometric Execution Compared to the Isotonic Execution in Terms of Strength Development and Muscle Girth." I recommend that it be accepted for nine quarter hours of credit in partial fulfillment of the require­ ments for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Physical Education a We have read this thesis and recommend its accept��ce: gffe� c:£/re-d-e-< (Jdw"J8./�za.v Accepted for the Council: THE RESULTS OF THE COMBINED ISOTONIC-ISOMETRIC EXECUTION IN TERMS OF S�GTH DEVELOPMJ!WT AND MUSCLE GIRTH A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Council of The University of Tennessee In Partial FUlfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Arnold William Pedersen D·E.J<G<ember 1966 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express his appreciation to Dro Ben Ao Plotnicki7 Professor of Physical Education at The University of Tennessee for his cooperation, time7 and assistance in this studyo The writer would also like to extend his appreciation to the undergraduate students for their participation which made this study possibleo ii 685609 TABLE OF CONT»tTS CHAPTER PAGE I o mTRODUCTION 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G 0 Q 0 G 0 0 0 1 The Problem 00 0000o o o o o o e o o o � o � • • • • 1 Purpose of the study 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 � 0 0 & e 1 Statement of the problem o o o o o o o o o o o o e o o 2 II o REVIEW OF LITERATURE o o o o o o o o o o o o e c o o o c o 3 Isotonic Exercise o OOOOOOOQ000000$0001» 3 Isometric Exercise OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOQO. Isometrics Versus Isotonics oeooooooootJGetct• 7 III o PROCEDURES oooooooooooooooooooooooo 12 Selection of Subjects o o o o o o o o o o o o G o • o o G 12 ,,;- Tests and Measurements o·oooooooooooooe-oG 12 Strength tests o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o e o 13 Upper arm flexion o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 13 arm o o o Upper extension o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 13 Anthropometric Measurements o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 14 Upper arm circumference o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 14 i'h.e Program 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Control Group o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 15 Experimental Group o o G o o o o o o o o o o � o o o 15 IV o ANALYSIS OF DATA OOOOOOOOOOOOOG0C!(!)0f)CP{2) 16 o o o o o Analysis of Strength Sc res o o o o o o o o o o o 16 Right Bicep Flexion o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 18 iii iv CHAPTER PAGE IV. (continued) Right Tricep Extension o o o ., " .. o .. c> ....., " o .. .. 18 Analysis of Anthropometric Measurements .. o • .. .. • • .. .. 21 Right Upper Arm Circumference .. o .. .. • .. • • • o • • • 21 Vo SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS * � .. o o o o o .. o o • � .....o • 26 Summary ., o c o e o e e e o o G G o o o o o o o o o e • � 26 Conclusions o o o o o � o o o o o o G o o o � o e • e • • 27 BIBLIOGRAPHY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G 0 $ 0 0 0 & G 0 0 0 0 0 0 e e e 0 28 APPmDICES • o � e o o o G o a e � $ o o e e o o o o • o • • • o 32 Appendix A 33 Appendix B Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G 4 e 0 0 0 G G 0 0 0 4o LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE Io Analysis of Strength Tests for the Isotonic Trained Group o o o o o o o o o o o o • o o o o o • o • • 17 II. Analysis of Strength Tests for the Isotonic­ Isometric Trained Group e • • • o • • • o • o • 0 • 0 0 Co 19 III. Comparison of Strength Gains Between the Isotonic Trained Group and the Isotonic-Isometric Trained Group o o • o o o o o • • o o o • • o o o o o o • 20 IV. Analysis of the Anthropometric Measurements for the Isotonic Trained Group o o • • o o • • • • o • • e • 22 V. Analysis of the Anthropometric Measurements for the Isotonic�Isometric Trained Group • o o o • o o • o • 23 VIo · Comparison of the Gains in Anthropometric Measurements Between the Isotonic Trained Group and the Isotonic-Isometric Trained o o o e Group o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o e o o $ 24 VII. Raw Scores of the Right Arm Flexion Tests for the Isotonic Trained Group • • • • • o • o o • • o • • o 34 VIII.. Raw Scores of the Right Arm Flexion Tests for the Isotonic-Isometric Trained Group • o o • • • o o o o 35 IX. Raw Scores of the Right Arm Extension Tests for the Isotonic Trained Group • o o • • o o o o o o • • o • 36 v vi, TABLE PAGE X.. Raw Scores of the Right Arm Extension Tests for the Isotonic=Isometric Trained Group ., ., o ., o .. o o 37 XIo Jl�thropometric Measurements of the Right Biceps for the Isotonic Trained Group Measured in Inches • � o ., o ., 38 XIIo Anthropometric Measurements of the Right Biceps for ·the Isotonic-Isometric Trained Group Measured in Inches o o o o o .. o o . o • -- o . o " • o . o .. .. .. .. e e • o • • 39 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Although many studies have been made to determine a method of weight training which produces the greatest increases in muscle strength and muscle girth, the conclusions vary L� theory and methodologyo Weight training has been subjected to much research in the pasto Many of the researchers agree on a method of weight training which produces the best resultso However, some advocate the use of isometric contractions as the most desirable method of gaining strengtho Others state that isotonic exercise is the only logical way to increase one's strength" Still others say a combination of the two will produce optimum results if maximum strength and maximum development of muscle girth are the objectives" (A combination of the two means that after completing the isometrics the performer does the isotonics or vice­ versa") All of the methods mentioned have proved to be of value; therefore� further probing into the subject appears to have come to a standstill a I" THE PROBLEM Purpose .2f � studyo The purpose of this study was to deter­ mine whether a combination of isotonic-isometric movements is more 1 2 effective in producing strength gains and muscle girth than the standard rhythmic isotonic movementsa Statement of � problemo This research study was designed to compare resistance exercise, using an isotonic contraction combined with an isometric tensing contraction, with the rhythmic isotonic con� traction and to determine their values in the development of strength and muscle girtha CHAPTER II REITQEW OF LITERATURE A review of the literature exposed studies relative to isotonic exercise, isometric exercise, and isometric exercises versus isotonic exerciseso These studies will be 'briefly reviewed in this chaptero Io ISOTONIC EXERCISE De Lorme conducted a study in 1946 to determine the best method of gaining strengtl:).
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