DOCSLIB.ORG

26Th of July Revolution

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
26Th of July Revolution 26th of July Revolution Unit 3: Revolution Central Question ● What were the motivations behind the 26th of July Revolution? ● What is the historical context that set the stage for this to occur? ● What were the goals of the revolutionaries? ● Did they succeed in their goals? Vocabulary Imperialism: the practice of a country extending its influence over another through military and/or diplomatic force Historical Context ● Cuba became independent from the U.S. in 1902, but only after the U.S. forced the Platt Amendment on Cuba ○ Platt Amendment: Stipulated conditions Cuba was required to write into their constitution ■ U.S. gained a permanent lease on Guantanamo Bay ■ U.S. allowed to unilaterally (something done by one side without the other’s input) intervene in Cuban affairs ● The Platt Amendment defined the terms of Cuban-U.S. relations to be one of unequal dominance of the U.S. over Cuba Historical Context ● In 1933, a military coup d’etat led by Fulgencio Batista overthrew the Cuban president ○ Coup d’etat: Sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government ● In 1952, Batista leads another coup and seizes power for himself ○ Batista invited corruption into his gov’t; had strong ties to American Mafia ● U.S. supported Batista with cash and weapons because: ○ Batista allowed U.S. companies to dominate Cuba’s economy ○ Batista was anti-Communist ● Average Cuban citizen in poverty; begin to despise U.S. for their role in poor quality of life Motivations Motivations ● Belief that Batista’s regime was illegitimate since he was not elected ● Dissatisfaction with quality of life under Batista ● Anger over U.S. involvement in Cuban affairs Early Stages ● Fidel Castro, young lawyer, sued Batista’s administration claiming his power is unconstitutional ○ Dismissed by Cuban courts ○ Castro realizes Batista cannot be replaced legally ● July 26, 1953: Start of the revolution ○ Castro and his brother Raul led 135 men to attack the Moncada Barracks ■ Hope to broadcast their revolutionary goals over the radio ■ Complete failure; half are killed, Castro brothers and the rest captured ● Castros exiled to Mexico where they meet Che Guevara Revolution Heats Up ● Castro brothers and Che Guevara sail from Mexico to Cuba with 80 men on the Granma ○ Granma only built to carry a maximum of 25 passengers ● Batista predicted their landing, killed ~60 of the 80 men ● Castro brothers, Guevara, and other survivors flee into the Sierra Maestra mountain range ○ Begin guerilla war against Batista’s forces Victory for Castro ● Batista led a brutal campaign to find and destroy guerillas leading to ○ Loss of U.S. support ■ Cuban army undersupplied, ineffective without aid ○ Loss of public support ● An impatient Batista sent untrained soldiers in uncoordinated attacks ○ Guerillas easily won most battles and captured critical supplies ● Guerillas used pirate radio to gain public support ● Batista fled Cuba in 1959 ● Castro marches into capital unopposed, takes power Success: Did the Castro-led rebels succeed in their goals? Successes of the 26th of July Revolution Goal: Overthrow Batista’s dictatorship and give power back to the people ● Success ○ The 26th of July-ers successfully overthrew Batista because of ■ Geography: ● The Sierra Maestra mountain range is massive, covered in foliage, and spread out ○ Perfect place for a guerilla army ■ An undersupplied and uncoordinated enemy force ● The U.S. withdrawal of foreign aid crippled Batista’s army ● Batista’s impatience made for ineffective offensives ■ Guerilla tactics Successes of the 26th of July Revolution Goal: Overthrow Batista’s dictatorship and give power back to the people ● Failure ○ Cubans under Castro were generally much better off, but Castro became exactly what he fought to overthrow: a dictator Successes of the 26th of July Revolution Goal: Rid Cuba of capitalist and imperialist influence ● Success ○ Fidel Castro created a socialist form of government, expelled all U.S. businesses, and severed diplomatic ties with the U.S. Successes of the 26th of July Revolution Goal: Unify all Cubans under a government they could trust and believe in ● Both a success... ○ Many Cubans didn’t always approve of Castro’s policies, but Cuban nationalism (the good kind) flourished under his rule ● ...and a failure ○ Approval of Castro himself is mixed and complicated ○ Many Cubans are in poverty and have little access to material goods ○ Government owns and operates the media ○ 1 million exiles live outside Cuba (out of 11m total pop.) Successes of the 26th of July Revolution Goal: Improve education and healthcare in Cuba which floundered under Batista ● Success ○ Cuba has one of the strongest healthcare systems in the entire hemisphere ■ Doctor:Patient ratio ● Cuba - 1:155 ● U.S. - 1:396 ■ Sends doctors all over the world to train others ○ Literacy rate increased significantly ■ 1953: 56% ■ 1986: 99% .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Science and Technological Innovation in Health in Cuba: Results in Selected Problems*
    Pan American Journal Special report of Public Health Science and technological innovation in health in Cuba: results in selected problems* Nereida Rojo Pérez,1 Carmen Valenti Pérez,1 Nelcy Martínez Trujillo,1 Ileana Morales Suárez,2 Eric Martínez Torres,3 Ileana Fleitas Estévez,4 Miriam Portuondo Sao,2 Yisel Torres Rojo2 and V. Gustavo Sierra González5 Suggested citation (original manuscript) Rojo Pérez N, Valenti Pérez C, Martínez Trujillo N, Morales Suárez I, Martínez Torres E, Fleitas Estévez I, et al. Ciencia e innovación tecnológica en la salud en Cuba: resultados en problemas seleccionados. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2018;42:e32. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2018.32 ABSTRACT In Cuba, health research is based on the priorities of national scientific policy, derived from the health status of the population. The objective of this article is to describe the characteristics of the Science and Technological Innovation System and how the results of its research benefit the health of population groups. To this end, research related to the generation of products and technologies, diabetes, dengue and disability was selected. This system follows a methodology outlined by the Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, and has 37 research entities. It is organized into pro grams and projects that support basic and applied research using a multidisciplinary and intersectoral approach; these programs and projects are funded mostly by the State and are organized as a closed-loop system, i.e., the same entity is responsible for the entire process, from research to marketing, including market studies and post-marketing monitoring. The selected research projects demonstrate the alignment between research, gener- alization of results, and their effect in improving the population’s health and universal access to health care.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuba Travelogue 2012
    Havana, Cuba Dr. John Linantud Malecón Mirror University of Houston Downtown Republic of Cuba Political Travelogue 17-27 June 2012 The Social Science Lectures Dr. Claude Rubinson Updated 12 September 2012 UHD Faculty Development Grant Translations by Dr. Jose Alvarez, UHD Ports of Havana Port of Mariel and Matanzas Population 313 million Ethnic Cuban 1.6 million (US Statistical Abstract 2012) Miami - Havana 1 Hour Population 11 million Negative 5% annual immigration rate 1960- 2005 (Human Development Report 2009) What Normal Cuba-US Relations Would Look Like Varadero, Cuba Fisherman Being Cuban is like always being up to your neck in water -Reverend Raul Suarez, Martin Luther King Center and Member of Parliament, Marianao, Havana, Cuba 18 June 2012 Soplillar, Cuba (north of Hotel Playa Giron) Community Hall Questions So Far? José Martí (1853-95) Havana-Plaza De La Revolución + Assorted Locations Che Guevara (1928-67) Havana-Plaza De La Revolución + Assorted Locations Derek Chandler International Airport Exit Doctor Camilo Cienfuegos (1932-59) Havana-Plaza De La Revolución + Assorted Locations Havana Museo de la Revolución Batista Reagan Bush I Bush II JFK? Havana Museo de la Revolución + Assorted Locations The Cuban Five Havana Avenue 31 North-Eastbound M26=Moncada Barracks Attack 26 July 1953/CDR=Committees for Defense of the Revolution Armed Forces per 1,000 People Source: World Bank (http://databank.worldbank.org/data/Home.aspx) 24 May 12 Questions So Far? pt. 2 Marianao, Havana, Grade School Fidel Raul Che Fidel Che Che 2+4=6 Jerry Marianao, Havana Neighborhood Health Clinic Fidel Raul Fidel Waiting Room Administrative Area Chandler Over Entrance Front Entrance Marianao, Havana, Ration Store Food Ration Book Life Expectancy Source: World Bank (http://databank.worldbank.org/data/Home.aspx) 24 May 12.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuba: Carnaval Cuban Style
    INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS 535 Fifth Avenue New York, N.Y. 10017 FJM-30: Cuba Havana, Cuba Carnaval Cub an Style July 20, 1971 2. FJM-30 In December 1970, while speaking before an assembly of light industry workers, Fidel told the Cubans that for the second year in a row they would have to cancel Christmas and New Year celebrations. Instead, there would be Carnaval in July. "We'd love to celebrate New Year's Eve, January i and January 2. Naturally. Who doesn't? But can we afford such luxuries now, the way things stand? There is a reality. Do we have traditions? Yes. Very Christian traditions? Yes. Very beautiful traditions? Very poetic traditions? Yes, of course But gentlemen, we don't live in Sweden or Belgium or Holland. We live in the tropics. Our traditions were brought in from Europe--eminently respectable traditions and all that, but still imported. Then comes the reality about this country" ours is a sugar- growing country...and sugar cane is harvested in cool, dry weather. What are the best months for working from the standpoint of climate? From November through May. Those who established the tradition listen if they had set Christmas Eve for July 24, we'd .be more than happy. But they stuck everybody in the world with the same tradition. In this case are we under any obligation? Are the conditions in capitalism the same as ours? Do we have to bow to certain traditions? So I ask myself" even wen we have the machines, can we interrupt our work in the middle of December? [exclamations of "No!"] And one day even the Epiphan festivities will be held in July because actually the day the children of this countr were reborn was the day the Revolution triumphed." So this summer there is carnaval in July" Cuban Christmas, New Years and Mardi Gras all in one.
    [Show full text]
  • Women's Healthcare in Cuba
    Student Works June 2018 Women’s Healthcare in Cuba Hannah M. Van Curen Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/student-works Part of the Maternal and Child Health Commons, and the Women's Health Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Van Curen, H. M. (2018). Women’s Healthcare in Cuba. , (). Retrieved from https://commons.erau.edu/ student-works/70 This Undergraduate Research is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Works by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Women’s Healthcare in Cuba Hannah M. Van Curen Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University WOMEN’S HEALTHCARE IN CUBA 1 Abstract Cuba’s healthcare system has been an important discussion since it became socialized in 1965. The seemingly prestigious and highly criticized system has had global impact: from the break of tradition from conservative Latin American countries, to the almost idyllic approach Cuba has taken proving socialism can exist. This paper explores the major differences between Cuba’s and America’s approach to women’s healthcare. This paper examines different aspects of women's health care through interviews of locals and observation of different clinics around the island. The topics include maternity leave, child care, abortions, and sex education. While there is varying discussion on how well the the system works, it is clear that the structure of their system is ideal, however, the government does not have the means to make it work.
    [Show full text]
  • Restless.Pdf
    RESTLESS THE STORY OF EL ‘CHE’ GUEVARA by ALEX COX & TOD DAVIES first draft 19 jan 1993 © Davies & Cox 1993 2 VALLEGRANDE PROVINCE, BOLIVIA EXT EARLY MORNING 30 JULY 1967 In a deep canyon beside a fast-flowing river, about TWENTY MEN are camped. Bearded, skinny, strained. Most are asleep in attitudes of exhaustion. One, awake, stares in despair at the state of his boots. Pack animals are tethered nearby. MORO, Cuban, thickly bearded, clad in the ubiquitous fatigues, prepares coffee over a smoking fire. "CHE" GUEVARA, Revolutionary Commandant and leader of this expedition, hunches wheezing over his journal - a cherry- coloured, plastic-covered agenda. Unable to sleep, CHE waits for the coffee to relieve his ASTHMA. CHE is bearded, 39 years old. A LIGHT flickers on the far side of the ravine. MORO Shit. A light -- ANGLE ON RAUL A Bolivian, picking up his M-1 rifle. RAUL Who goes there? VOICE Trinidad Detachment -- GUNFIRE BREAKS OUT. RAUL is firing across the river at the light. Incoming bullets whine through the camp. EVERYONE is awake and in a panic. ANGLE ON POMBO CHE's deputy, a tall Black Cuban, helping the weakened CHE aboard a horse. CHE's asthma worsens as the bullets fly. CHE Chino! The supplies! 3 ANGLE ON CHINO Chinese-Peruvian, round-faced and bespectacled, rounding up the frightened mounts. OTHER MEN load the horses with supplies - lashing them insecurely in their haste. It's getting light. SOLDIERS of the Bolivian Army can be seen across the ravine, firing through the trees. POMBO leads CHE's horse away from the gunfire.
    [Show full text]
  • Race and Inequality in Cuban Tourism During the 21St Century
    California State University, San Bernardino CSUSB ScholarWorks Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations Office of aduateGr Studies 6-2015 Race and Inequality in Cuban Tourism During the 21st Century Arah M. Parker California State University - San Bernardino Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd Part of the Politics and Social Change Commons, Race and Ethnicity Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Tourism Commons Recommended Citation Parker, Arah M., "Race and Inequality in Cuban Tourism During the 21st Century" (2015). Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations. 194. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/194 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Office of aduateGr Studies at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RACE AND INEQUALITY IN CUBAN TOURISM DURING THE 21 ST CENTURY A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Social Sciences by Arah Marie Parker June 2015 RACE AND INEQUALITY IN CUBAN TOURISM DURING THE 21 ST CENTURY A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, San Bernardino by Arah Marie Parker June 2015 Approved by: Dr. Teresa Velasquez, Committee Chair, Anthropology Dr. James Fenelon, Committee Member Dr. Cherstin Lyon, Committee Member © 2015 Arah Marie Parker ABSTRACT As the largest island in the Caribbean, Cuba boasts beautiful scenery, as well as a rich and diverse culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Healthcare in Cuba: Cultures and History of Medicine
    Healthcare in Cuba: Cultures and History of Medicine For over half a century, the small island of Cuba has gained a global reputation for its pioneering health system. Universal access to quality healthcare has become a signature achievement of the Cuban Revolution. In the early 1960s, the new revolutionary government nationalized medical services and began expanding access to healthcare in the countryside. Emphasizing health screening and preventative care, while providing free medical care to all Cuban citizens, these reforms were both popular and successful, and led to significant improvements in overall Cuban health indices. Today the island boasts a lower infant mortality rate than the U.S., and has among the highest life expectancy rates and doctor to patient ratios in the world. What factors account for the seemingly outsized importance of medicine and public health under the Cuban Revolution? What can the study of public health and medicine tell us about broader themes in Cuban history? This intensive four-week summer seminar is designed to introduce students to the history and contemporary development of Cuban medicine and public health. Through a combination of shared readings, discussion, and group visits to local health clinics, we will explore a variety of themes central to the history and development of Cuban medicine. Topics will include: religious, popular, and biomedical approaches to health and healing; the development of healthcare institutions; Cuba’s controversial yet successful fight against HIV/AIDS; gender, maternal health and abortion access in Cuba; race, immigration, and disease; and the development of Cuban medicine in the context of post-1990s economic reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Studyteam Cuba, Havana
    AGENT MANUAL 2018 HAVANA TRINIDAD AND SANTIAGO DE CUBA Book at worldwide lowest price at: https://www.languagecourse.net/zh/school-studyteam-cuba-havana +1 646 503 18 10 +44 330 124 03 17 +34 93 220 38 75 +33 1-78416974 +41 225 180 700 +49 221 162 56897 +43 720116182 +31 858880253 +7 4995000466 +46 844 68 36 76 +47 219 30 570 +45 898 83 996 +39 02-94751194 +48 223 988 072 +81 345 895 399 +55 213 958 08 76 +86 19816218990 StudyTeam Cuba 2018 Havana, Trinidad and Santiago de Cuba Learn and Enjoy the Cuban way! ABOUT US As of 1997 StudyTeam Cuba offers Spanish courses in Santiago de Cuba and from 2000 onwards we initialized the same program in Havana. Later in 2002 the same initiative was founded in Trinidad. As a way to make our contribution to Cuban culture stronger, StudyTeam has a joint venture with “Paradiso”, the Agency for Cultural Tourism of the Large Caribbean Island. Our Spanish language program includes mini group intensive classes and individual lessons. All teachers are native, highly educated speakers and have been well trained in language teaching to foreigners. For accommodation, we have carefully selected host families in the best neighbourhoods for an enjoyable stay and a real experience of local lifestyle. Students can combine a Spanish language course with dance or music lessons for a complete immersion in the artistic Cuban culture. Activities and excursions are an important part of the program as well; every week we organize social plans to help students visit the most attractive places in Cuba and enjoy the local events.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pan American Sanitary Code Toward a Hemispheric Health Policy
    The Pan American Sanitary Code Toward a Hemispheric Health Policy PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION The Pan American Sanitary Code Toward a Hemispheric Health Policy PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION Pan American Sanitary Bureau, Regional Office of the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 525 Twenty-third Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 U.S.A. Occasional Publication No. 1 Also published in Spanish with the title: El Código Sanitario Panamericano: Hacia una política de salud continental ISBN 92 75 32281 3 PAHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Pan American Health Organization Pan American Sanitary Code: Toward a Hemispheric Health Policy.—Washington, D.C.: PAHO, © 1999. ii, 38 p.— (Occasional Publication; 1) ISBN 92 75 12281 4 I. Title. II. (Series) 1. SANITARY CODE 2. LEGISLATION, HEALTH–history 3. HEALTH SURVEILLANCE 4. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY CONTROL 5. HEALTH POLICY NLM WA32.DA1 The full text of this publication also is available on the Internet at: http://www.paho.org The Pan American Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Applications and inquiries should be addressed to the Publications Program, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., which will be glad to provide the latest information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available. © Pan American Health Organization, 1999 Publications of the Pan American Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention.
    [Show full text]
  • Latino Louisiana Laź Aro Lima University of Richmond, [email protected]
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Latin American, Latino and Iberian Studies Faculty Latin American, Latino and Iberian Studies Publications 2008 Latino Louisiana Laź aro Lima University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/lalis-faculty-publications Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the Latin American Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Lima, Lazá ro. "Latino Louisiana." In Latino America: A State-by-State Encyclopedia, Volume 1: Alabama-Missouri, edited by Mark Overmyer-Velázquez, 347-61. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC., 2008. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin American, Latino and Iberian Studies at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Latin American, Latino and Iberian Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 19 LOUISIANA Lazaro Lima CHRONOLOGY 1814 After the British invade Louisiana, residents of the state from the Canary Islands, called Islenos, organize and establish three regiments. The Is/enos had very few weapons, and some served unarmed as the state provided no firearms. By the time the British were defeated, the Islenos had sustained the brunt of life and property loss resulting from the British invasion of Louisiana. 1838 The first. Mardi Gras parade takes place in New Orleans on Shrove Tuesday with the help and participation of native-born Latin Americans and Islenos. 1840s The Spanish-language press in New Orleans supersedes the state's French-language press in reach and distribution. 1846-1848 Louisiana-born Eusebio Juan Gomez, editor of the eminent Spanish­ language press newspaper La Patria, is nominated as General Winfield Scott's field interpreter during the Mexican-American War.
    [Show full text]
  • ¡Patria O Muerte!: José Martí, Fidel Castro, and the Path to Cuban Communism
    ¡Patria o Muerte!: José Martí, Fidel Castro, and the Path to Cuban Communism A Thesis By: Brett Stokes Department: History To be defended: April 10, 2013 Primary Thesis Advisor: Robert Ferry, History Department Honors Council Representative: John Willis, History Outside Reader: Andy Baker, Political Science 1 Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those who assisted me in the process of writing this thesis: Professor Robert Ferry, for taking the time to help me with my writing and offer me valuable criticism for the duration of my project. Professor John Willis, for assisting me in developing my topic and for showing me the fundamentals of undertaking such a project. My parents, Bruce and Sharon Stokes, for reading and critiquing my writing along the way. My friends and loved-ones, who have offered me their support and continued encouragement in completing my thesis. 2 Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 CHAPTER ONE: Martí and the Historical Roots of the Cuban Revolution, 1895-1952 12 CHAPTER TWO: Revolution, Falling Out, and Change in Course, 1952-1959 34 CHAPTER THREE: Consolidating a Martían Communism, 1959-1962 71 Concluding Remarks 88 Bibliography 91 3 Abstract What prompted Fidel Castro to choose a communist path for the Cuban Revolution? There is no way to know for sure what the cause of Castro’s decision to state the Marxist nature of the revolution was. However, we can know the factors that contributed to this ideological shift. This thesis will argue that the decision to radicalize the revolution and develop a relationship with the Cuban communists was the only logical choice available to Castro in order to fulfill Jose Marti’s, Cuba’s nationalist hero, vision of an independent Cuba.
    [Show full text]
  • TPG-IHA Senior Executive Trade/Study Mission Havana, Cuba January 31 – February 6, 2015
    TPG-IHA Senior Executive Trade/Study Mission Havana, Cuba January 31 – February 6, 2015 Executive Summary Cuba sits only 90 miles off the coast of the United States but most U.S. citizens have limited knowledge of how things work in Cuba due to the adversarial relationship and 50-year embargo between the two countries. In January 2015, TPG Health Academy (TPG-IHA) led a delegation of senior healthcare executives to Havana Cuba in order to learn about the Cuban Healthcare system. What the group found was a country that has prioritized health and education above all else. They also discovered a country of friendly people who were more than willing to open up and share their healthcare system and experiences. When the group asked its hosts what were the most pressing issues for the Cuban people, their response included matters such as salary, transportation and housing. Unlike here in the U.S., healthcare was not one of the more pressing issues in the eyes of our new Cuban friends. Background: In the late 1950s as Fidel Castro came into power, Castro found that healthcare was lacking in both availability and quality to a large portion of the Cuban people. Noting this issue, Castro identified healthcare as a national focus. He began by creating a system that gave greater access to care for those both in the rural areas of the county as well as the cities. In 1976, taking this one step further, healthcare was formally recognized in the Cuban constitution, which stated, "Everyone has the right to health protection and care.” The country built a system that guaranteed the right of healthcare by providing free medical and hospital care utilizing a system that included both an urban and rural medical service network, the Consultorio neighborhood care system (primary care), polyclinics, hospitals, preventative and specialized treatment centers and free dental care.
    [Show full text]