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6. Cretaceous Radiolarian Biochronology and Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy of Odp Site 1149 (Northwestern Pacific, Nadezhda Basin)1

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6. Cretaceous Radiolarian Biochronology and Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy of Odp Site 1149 (Northwestern Pacific, Nadezhda Basin)1 Ludden, J.N., Plank, T., and Escutia, C. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Volume 185 6. CRETACEOUS RADIOLARIAN BIOCHRONOLOGY AND CARBON ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY OF ODP SITE 1149 (NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC, NADEZHDA BASIN)1 Annachiara Bartolini2 F1. ODP Site 1149, p. 14. 51 194 578 195 49 48 0 50 0 0 Leg 125, 126 -3000 3 - -7000 306 LegBON-8A 185 Site 1149 ° 30 196 Izu-Bonin Trench N Izu 197 Cross- chains -300 00 -30 198 0 . -3000 rov -3 Leg 125 t. P t. 000 m Magellan . S . 800 Seamounts N -3 00 ABSTRACT 0 0 0 0 ° 3 20 - PB O FZ 0 0 777 0 ODP Site 801 -3000 -7 452 0 300 - M S M -3000 In the Nadezhda Basin (northwestern Pacific), the contact between Mariana Trench -3000 EMB 199 585 200-2 oceanic crust basalt and its sedimentary cover was recovered at Site -7000 802 1149 during Leg 185. The bottom sedimentary section (Unit IV) is char- 10° 140°E 150° 160° acterized by interbedded radiolarian chert and radiolarian nannofossil chalk/marl. This peculiar lithology for the western Pacific has allowed an approach of integrated stratigraphy between radiolarians and carbon 1Bartolini, A., 2003. Cretaceous isotope data. The upper Valanginian δ13C positive excursion, correlat- radiolarian biochronology and carbon able to magnetic Chron M11, was individuated. Biochemostratigraphy isotope stratigraphy of ODP Site 1149 constrains the calibration of the positive magnetic lineation at Site (northwestern Pacific, Nadezhda 1149 as Chron M12r. Moreover, these data confirm the upper Valangin- Basin). In Ludden, J.N., Plank, T., and Escutia, C. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. δ13 ian C positive excursion as a global event, probably linked to high Results, 185, 1–17 [Online]. Available primary productivity. from World Wide Web: <http:// www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/ 185_SR/VOLUME/CHAPTERS/ INTRODUCTION 011.PDF>. [Cited YYYY-MM-DD] 2Laboratoire de Micropaléontologie, case 104, Université Pierre et Marie Site 1149 is located at 31.3°N, 143.3°E, on the Pacific plate in the Na- Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris 05, dezhda Basin southeast of Japan, at a water depth of ~5800 m. It resides France. [email protected] among low abyssal hills on a slight high ~100 km east of the Izu-Bonin Trench (Fig. F1), where the Pacific plate is flexed upward prior to its en- Initial receipt: 7 November 2001 Acceptance: 27 September 2002 try into the subduction zone. In the Nadezhda Basin, the sediment/ Web publication: 19 February 2003 Ms 185SR-011 A. BARTOLINI RADIOLARIAN BIOCHRONOLOGY AND CARBON ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY 2 basement contact was recovered during Leg 185 in three holes (Holes 1149B, 1149C, and 1149D) and a complete sedimentary section was cored from Lower Cretaceous to Pleistocene in Hole 1149B. Radiolari- ans were investigated in detail from Units IV and III in Hole 1149B (Fig. F2) and at the sediment/basement contact in all the three holes. Unit F2. Lithostratigraphic section and IV consists of interbedded radiolarian chert and radiolarian nannofossil radiolarian biochronology, Units chalk/marl. Unit III is characterized by the disappearance of carbonate IV and III, p. 15. and by the presence of alternating siliceous lithologies ranging from Core Recovery Lithologic unit Age Radiolarian zones UA II opal-CT–rich and zeolite-bearing clay to radiolarian porcellanite and ra- Romanus- 4R Missilis 5R 200 6R 7R diolarian chert. 8R middle Albian 9R III 10R Based on its Cretaceous paleolatitude history, Site 1149 may have 11R 250 12R Hole 1149B (this study) Capriolo section (Southern Alps) 13R Verbeeki early Aptian δ13C (‰) Magnetic UAZ 95 δ13C (‰) formed at ~5°S, drifted south to 10°S in its early history, then gradually 14R polarity 1.0 2.0 3.0 Barremian- UAZ 21-22 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 15R early Aptian 16R latest Hauterivian-earliest Barremian CM8 17R CM9 40 drifted north, crossing the paleoequator as the Pacific accelerated its 300 UAZ 20-20 18R 19 CM10 19R late Hauterivian 60 early 20R UAZ 19-19 northward motion during the Cretaceous (Plank, Ludden, Escutia, et Haterivian CM10N 21R 18 80 Depth (mbsf) 22R IV UAZ 18-18 350 al., 2000). Low-latitude radiolarian assemblages recovered at Site 1149 23R CM11 17 100 24R UAZ 14-18 Stratigraphic distance (m) 25R UAZ 13-18 16 CM12 120 26R compare very well with low-latitude Tethyan fauna (e.g., Jud, 1994; Valanginian 27R CM14 400 28R UAZ 14-18 CM15 29R V O’Dogherty, 1994; Baumgartner et al., 1995a). For this reason, it was 185-1149D-5R-1, 6-13 cm: UAZ 16-16 30R Dark brown pelagic clay 31R Radiolarian chert, porcelanite, and zeolitic clay 32R possible in this study to use the biozonations of Baumgartner et al. Radiolarian chert, porcelanite, marlstone, and chalk 450 TD 445.2 Calcareous marlstone that fill fractures in the brecciated basalt mbsf (1995b) and of O’Dogherty (1994) established in low-latitude Tethyan Basalt land sections. The advantages of using these biozonations are twofold: 1. These biozonations were established by using the Unitary Asso- ciations (UA) method (Guex, 1991), which is helpful in analyz- ing discontinuous biostratigraphic data such as the ones studied herein. 2. The Early Cretaceous biozonation of Baumgartner et al. (1995b) was correlated directly both with magneto and carbon isotope stratigraphy. Because of low core recovery, no magnetostratigraphy was possible in Hole 1149B for Units IV and III. For Unit IV, an approach of integrated stratigraphy between carbon stable isotopes and radiolarian Unitary As- sociation Zones (UAZ 95) of Baumgartner et al. (1995b) allows us to bet- ter define the age determination and to correlate indirectly with the magnetostratigraphy established in Tethyan land sections (Lini et al., 1992; Channell et al., 1993; Jud, 1994; Baumgartner et al., 1995b). The biochemostratigraphy data presented here provide constraints on the magnetostratigraphic location of basement at Site 1149. Moreover, a rel- atively continuous Valanginian–Hauterivian δ13C curve is well docu- mented for the first time in the northwestern Pacific. RADIOLARIAN DATA F3. Samples from Unit IV, p. 16. Samples Radiolarians were extracted from samples first using HCl to remove 185-1149D-5R-1, 6-13 cm 185-1149B-22R-1, 14-19 cm 185-1149B-20R-1, 55-57 cm 185-1149B-19R-1, 23-25 cm 185-1149B-18R-1, 109-112 cm 185-1149B-18R-1, 29-32 cm 185-1149B-17R-1, 0-4 cm 0-5, cm 185-1149B-16R-CC, 185-1149B-16R-1, 3-5 cm 185-1149B-15R-1, 0-3, cm Jacus (?) italicus JUD Sethocapsa tricornis JUD Eucyrtis columbaria RENZ Parvicingula (?) sp. aff. P. cincta (HINDE) Sethocapsa sp. aff. S. kaminogoensis AITA Syringocapsa limatum FOREMAN the carbonate component and then using diluted HF (1%–5%). Eigh- Cecrops septemporatus (PARONA) Sethocapsa trachyostraca FOREMAN Sethocapsa uterculus (PARONA) sensu FOREMAN Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos (SQUINABOL) Acaeniotyle diaphorogona FOREMAN sensu BAUMGARTNER Acaeniotyle umbilicata (RÜST) Archaeodictyomitra (?) lacrimula (FOREMAN) teen moderately well preserved samples were selected. All specimens Pantanellium squinaboli (TAN) Tritrabs ewingi (PESSAGNO) Emiluvia chica FOREMAN Acaeniotyle dentata BAUMGARTNER Archaeodictyomitra excellens (TAN) Mirifusus petzholdti (RÜST) were picked and then observed with scanning electronic microscope. Sethocapsa leiostraca FOREMAN Mirifusus chenodes (RENZ) Mirifusus dianae minor BAUMGARTNER Svinitzium columnarium JUD Pseudodictyomitra lilyae (TAN) Angulobracchia (?) portmanni portmanni BAUMGARTNER Thanarla pulchra (SQUINABOL) sensu SANFILIPPO & RIEDEL For our purpose, to furnish a chronological framework for the Creta- Svinitzium pseudopuga DUMITRICA Dactyliodiscus lenticulatus (JUD) Crucella lipmanae JUD Spongocapsula (?) tripes JUD Obesacapsula verbana (PARONA) Acaeniotyle (?) florea OZVOLDOVA Deviatus diamphidius (FOREMAN) ceous interval of Site 1149, only taxa included in zonations of O’Dogh- Suna hybum (FOREMAN) Crucella bossoensis JUD Cyclastrum (?) luminosum JUD Sethocapsa dorysphaeroides NEVIANI sensu SCHAAF Praexitus alievi (FOREMAN) Homoeoparonaella peteri JUD Ristola asparagus JUD erty (1994) and Baumgartner et al. (1995b) were treated (Fig. F3). The Spongocapsula sp. aff. S. coronata (SQUINABOL) Xitus robustus Wu Obesacapsula rusconensis rusconensis BAUMGARTNER Mirifusus apenninicus JUD Pseudocrucella (?) elisabethae (RÜST) Thanarla gutta JUD Suna echiodes (FOREMAN) taxonomic identifications (see “Appendix,” p. 9) generally follow Sethocapsa (?) orca FOREMAN Tethysetta usotanensis (TUMANDA) Mirifusus odoghertyi JUD Pseudodictyomitra lanceloti SCHAAF Aurisaturnalis carinatus (FOREMAN) Alievium regulare (WU & LI) Thanarla elegantissima (CITA) sensu SANFILIPPO & RIEDEL O’Dogherty (1994) and Baumgartner et al. (1995), with some modifica- Acaeniotyle (?) glebulosa (FOREMAN) Pantanellium sp. aff. P. cantuchapai PESSAGNO & MAC LEOD Dibolachras tytthopora FOREMAN Xitus vermiculatus (RENZ) Archaeodictyomitra leptocostata (WU & LI) Sethocapsa simplex TAKETANI Stylosphaera (?) macroxiphus (RÜST) tions after Dumitrica and Dumitrica-Jud (1995), Dumitrica et al. (1997), Pseudocrolanium cristatum JUD Crolanium spp. UA UAZ and Dumitrica (1997). To obtain the best possible correlation with the 108-108 16-16 115-115 18-18 120-120 19-19 120-123 19-20 121-121 20-20 121-124 20-20 123-124 20-20 123-124 20-20 122-124 20-20 122-127 20-22 UAZ 95, the radiolarian data set of Unit IV (Fig. F3) were run against the Hauterivian lower Hauterivian lower lower Valanginian lower upper Valanginian lowermost Barremian/ uppermost Hauterivian A. BARTOLINI RADIOLARIAN BIOCHRONOLOGY AND CARBON ISOTOPE STRATIGRAPHY 3 127 UAs (which form the basis of the UAZ 95 standard) using the com- puter program BioGraph (Savary and Guex, 1999). Unit IV In Hole 1149D, in the sediments just overlying basalts, a well- preserved radiolarian sample (Sample 185-1149D-5R-1, 6–13 cm) was recovered. In this sample, the radiolarian assemblage of Eucyrtis columbaria Renz, Sethocapsa tricornis Jud, Cecrops septemporatus (Parona), and Parvicingula? sp. aff. Parvincingula cincta (Hinde) sensu Baumgartner et al. (1995a), indicates UAZ 95 16 (Fig. F3). In the Tethyan land sec- tion, UAZ 95 16 corresponds to the magnetic polarity Zones M14 to lower M12 normal (lower Valanginian) (Fig. F2) (Jud, 1994; Baumgart- ner et al., 1995b).
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