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Programme Du Plateau Continental Polaire – Rapport Scientifique 2015

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Programme Du Plateau Continental Polaire – Rapport Scientifique 2015 PROGRAMME DU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL POLAIRE RAPPORT SCIENTIFIQUE 2015 Soutien logistique à la recherche scientifique de pointe au Canada et dans l’Arctique PROGRAMME DU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL POLAIRE RAPPORT SCIENTIFIQUE 2015 Soutien logistique à la recherche scientifique de pointe au Canada et dans l’Arctique Rapport scientifique du Programme du plateau continental polaire 2015 : Soutien logistique à la recherche scientifique de pointe au Canada et dans l’Arctique Coordonnées Programme du plateau continental polaire Ressources naturelles Canada 2464, chemin Sheffield Ottawa (Ontario) K1B 4E5 Canada Tél. : 613-998-8145 Courriel : [email protected] Site Web : ppcp.rncan.gc.ca Photo en page couverture : Des chercheurs recueillent des données à partir d’une station météorologique automatique sur la calotte glaciaire Agassiz, sur l’île d’Ellesmere, au Nunavut. Ce projet permet d’examiner la variabilité à long terme de la masse glaciaire des glaciers à l’échelle des îles de la Reine-Élisabeth. Image d’en-tête de section : Un avion s’apprête à décoller après avoir réapprovisionné un campement de GEM-2 en bordure de la rivière Lorillard, au Nunavut. Collaborateurs à la photographie (en ordre alphabétique) : Agence de la santé publique du Canada : page 6 Conseil national de recherches du Canada : page 23 Gouvernement du Nunavut : pages 5, 19, 27, 44 et 45 Groupe de glaciologie de l’Université Simon Fraser, N. Roux : page 25 Ministère de la Défense nationale : page 26 Ressources naturelles Canada : Photo de couverture, image d’en-tête de section et pages 1-4, 7-13, 17, 28-34, 36-39, 41, 43 et 46 Savoir polaire Canada : pages 22, 35 et 40 Université Carleton : page 21 Université de Calgary : page 18 Université de Montréal : page 20 Université d’Ottawa : page 24 Pour obtenir des renseignements sur les droits de reproduction, veuillez communiquer avec Ressources naturelles Canada à [email protected]. No de cat. M78-1/1 (Imprimé) ISSN 1925-8623 No de cat. M78-1/1F-PDF (En ligne) ISSN 1925-864X © Sa Majesté la Reine du chef du Canada, représentée par le ministre des Ressources naturelles, 2016 Table des matières 2 Message du ministre 4 Le Programme du plateau continental polaire 6 Partenaires du PPCP 9 Pleins feux sur l’héritage du PPCP 12 Activités de sensibilisation 16 Faits saillants des projets scientifiques et des projets de formation en 2015 28 Liste des projets dans l’Arctique soutenus par le PPCP en 2015 44 Annexe Études sismiques effectuées à Barry Inlet, dans l’archipel Haida Gwaii, en Colombie-Britannique. RAPPORT SCIENTIFIQUE DU PROGRAMME DU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL POLAIRE 2015 1 Message du ministre Le Nord canadien est une région vaste et diversifiée, extrêmement riche en ressources naturelles et offrant à la science amples occasions de découverte. Au moyen du Programme du plateau continental polaire (PPCP), le gouvernement du Canada fournit un soutien critique à la recherche et à la découverte dans le Nord canadien. En facilitant les activités de recherche et de formation, le PPCP contribue à faire progresser la prospérité et la sécurité de l’Arctique canadien. Le travail scientifique que soutient le PPCP couvre un grand nombre de sujets, dont les changements climatiques, l’exploitation responsable des ressources, l’histoire culturelle de la région, l’intégrité du milieu naturel et les transports dans l’Arctique. Depuis 1958, le PPCP a fourni un soutien logistique à des milliers de scientifiques canadiens et de l’étranger travaillant dans une foule de domaines, de l’anthropologie à la zoologie. L’an dernier, 188 projets de recherche dans l’Arctique, comptant 1 600 participants, ont bénéficié de ce soutien logistique touchant les nolisements d’avions, l’équipement de terrain et le logement, fourni au centre de logistique du PPCP de Resolute (Qausuittuq), au Nunavut. Les chercheurs y représentaient une cinquantaine de ministères fédéraux et territoriaux, d’universités canadiennes et étrangères, et d’une foule d’organismes de recherche internationaux. J’espère que vous vous plairez à la lecture de ce rapport, qui présente les activités de recherche et de formation soutenues par le PPCP. Ce sont des activités indispensables à l’amélioration de notre connaissance du Nord canadien, indispensables aussi à la constitution d’une base de savoir et de recherche qui nous est essentielle pour que nous puissions prendre des décisions justes et fondées sur des données probantes en vue du développement économique et de la résilience du Nord. L’honorable Jim Carr, C.P., député Ministre des Ressources naturelles Une colonie d’oiseaux dans le Refuge d’oiseaux de l’Île Prince-Léopold 2 RAPPORT SCIENTIFIQUE DU PROGRAMME DU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL POLAIRE 2015 ᒥᓂᔅᑕᐅᑉ ᑐᓴᕐᑎᑦᑎᔾᔪᑖ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᐊ ᐊᖕᖏᓂᖅᐹᖑᔪᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑑᑎᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᑐᖅᓯᒪᔪᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᒥᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒃᓴᖅᑕᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᐊᖏᔪᒥᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᕕᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᕗᑦ ᓄᑖᑦ ᖃᐅᓴᐃᓂᒻᒪᕆᖕᒥᑦ ᓇᓂᔭᐅᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᓂᑦ. ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᐊᓗᒃᑎᒍᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᒻᒪᕆᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐃᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᐊᓂ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᓐᓇᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᔭᕆᐅᖅᓴᑎᑦᑎᓂᒃᑯᓪᓗ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᖅᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᐊᓂ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᐊᓗᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᖅ ᐱᕚᓪᓕᕈᑎᓪᓗᓂ ᐊᑦᑕᕐᓇᖅᑐᑰᖅᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᑎᓪᓗᓂᓗ ᑕᒫᓂ ᐊᕕᒃᑐᖅᓯᒪᓂᐅᔪᒥ. ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᐊᓘᑉ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓱᖃᑦᑕᖅᑕᖏᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᒻᒪᕇᑦ L’honorable Jim Carr ᓴᓈᕆᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᕆᔭᖏᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓐᓇᕈᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑑᑦᓄᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᓄᑦ, Ministre des Ressources ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓯᓚᐅᑉ ᐅᖂᓂᖓᑕ ᐊᓯᑦᔨᕐᓂᖓ, ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ ᓄᖑᑕᐅᑎᑦᑎᑕᐃᓕᓂᒃᑯᑦ naturelles ᐃᑲᔪᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ, ᐱᐅᓯᑐᖃᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᑲᓪᓚᓂᓴᐃᑦ, ᐊᕙᑎᒥᒃ ᐸᐸᒋᔭᖃᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐃᖏᕐᕋᔾᔪᑎᓕᕆᓂᖅ. ᑕᐃᒪᖓᓂᑦ 1958, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᐊᓗᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖃᑦᑕᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᑕᐅᓴᓂᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᒻᒪᕆᖕᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥᙶᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᒥᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑎᒥᐅᔪᓄᑦ, ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐃᓂᒻᒪᕆᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑑᑎᓂᒃ ᐃᑕᕐᓂᓴᓕᕆᓂᕐᒥᑦ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ. ᐊᕐᕌᓂ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᐊᓗᒃ ᑐᓂᓯᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕆᐊᖃᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ 188ᓄᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑭᖅᖢᒋᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓂᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ 1,600 ᐃᓚᐅᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ. ᑕᒪᑐᒪᓂ ᐃᑲᔪᕐᓂᕐᒥ ᐃᓚᖃᖅᑐᖅ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᓂᖓ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᑕ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᖅ, ᓄᓇᒥ ᐱᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᓴᓇᕐᕈᑎᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᕕᐊᓘᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐃᓂᖓ ᖃᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᕐᒥ, ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ. ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᐅᔪ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑎᒻᒪᕇᑦ ᑕᒪᒃᑯᓇᖔᖅᑐᑦ 50-ᓂᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑎᐅᓕᑐᐊᓕ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓂᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃᔪᐊᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓂᖃᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᑦ ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓄᑦ. ᑕᐃᒪᑐᖅ ᖁᕕᐊᒋᓂᐊᖅᐸᐃᑦ ᑖᓐᓇ ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᖅᑎᑦᑎᔪᖅ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᓄᓇᒥ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᕐᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᓂᒡᓗ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ PCSPᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ. ᐅᑯᐊ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᕚᓪᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᑦᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᕆᔭᑦᑎᓐᓄᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᐊᓂᒃ, ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᓱᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᐃᓂᒻᒪᕆᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖅᓯᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᕐᔪᐊᒻᒪᕆᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᑦᑎᐊᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ, ᑐᙵᕕᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐱᕕᒃᓴᐅᔪᓐᓇᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᓱᖏᐅᓴᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ. ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᔨᒻ ᑳ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒥᓂᔅᑕᖓ ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ RAPPORT SCIENTIFIQUE DU PROGRAMME DU PLATEAU CONTINENTAL POLAIRE 2015 3 Le Programme du plateau continental polaire Depuis 1958, les chercheurs qui travaillent dans les connaissances qui permettent d’améliorer notre l’Arctique canadien font confiance au Programme du compréhension de la masse terrestre canadienne et en plateau continental polaire (PPCP) de Ressources soutenant les activités fédérales sur le terrain. En outre, naturelles Canada (RNCan), qui leur fournit des grâce à son partenariat avec le ministère de la Défense services de soutien logistique sécuritaires, efficaces et nationale (MDN), le PPCP apporte une assistance économiques pour leurs recherches sur le terrain. Le aux activités de formation du personnel militaire par PPCP est devenu le centre d’excellence du Canada en l’intermédiaire du Centre d’instruction des Forces matière de soutien logistique sur le terrain, contribuant armées canadiennes dans l’Arctique (CIFACA) logé à l’avancement des connaissances scientifiques dans l’installation du PPCP à Resolute, au Nunavut. canadiennes et à l’exercice de la souveraineté du Canada dans le Nord canadien. Le programme assure Chaque automne, durant la période de présentation la planification, la coordination et la prestation de des demandes de soutien logistique dans l’Arctique, les services logistiques pour les recherches sur le terrain chercheurs peuvent présenter une demande auprès du menées dans l’ensemble de l’Arctique canadien par PPCP concernant la planification et la coordination de la des organismes gouvernementaux canadiens, des logistique sur le terrain pour des travaux menés durant universités, des organismes du Nord ainsi que des la saison de travail dans l’Arctique de l’année suivante. groupes indépendants et étrangers. De l’équipement Le soutien logistique peut inclure le transport aller-retour de terrain est également offert pour les recherches par vol nolisé vers les camps éloignés, l’hébergement Préparation de sur le terrain menées par le gouvernement fédéral au l’équipement de et l’espace de travail en laboratoire dans l’installation terrain en vue de Canada, ailleurs que dans l’Arctique. Avec l’aide de du PPCP à Resolute, l’équipement de terrain, le son expédition en ses partenaires, Savoir polaire Canada (POLAIRE), le carburant pour les aéronefs et les camps et un réseau provenance du programme de géocartographie de l’énergie et des de communications. Le PPCP peut également offrir des centre logistique minéraux (GEM) de RNCan et ArcticNet, le PPCP joue conseils d’expert concernant la réalisation d’études du PPCP à Ottawa un rôle important en aidant les chercheurs à accroître sur le terrain dans le Nord canadien. Les chercheurs du gouvernement fédéral qui ont besoin d’équipement de terrain pour des études menées au Canada ailleurs que dans l’Arctique peuvent présenter une demande au PPCP à n’importe quel moment durant l’année. Le saviez-vous? Il faut une équipe possédant un large éventail de compétences pour exécuter le programme du PPCP chaque année. Le personnel du PPCP compte parmi ses rangs des professionnels et des spécialistes dans les domaines suivants : • opérations
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