5G Warehouse, Workforce Enablement (B) Distribution Center
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Broadband Glossary
Broadband Glossary This a non-exhaustive list of relevant terms relevant to broadband. © iStock by Getty Images -1077605220 Daniel Chetroni Page Contents # A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W X # 5G Fifth generation wireless technology for digital cellular networks A Access (to equipment, facilities, services etc.) The making available of facilities and/or services to another undertaking, under defined conditions, on either an exclusive or non-exclusive basis, for the purpose of providing electronic communications services, including when they are used for the delivery of information society services or broadcast content services. It covers inter alia: access to network elements and associated facilities, which may involve the connection of equipment, by fixed or non-fixed means (in particular this includes access to the local loop and to facilities and services necessary to provide services over the local loop); access to physical infrastructure including buildings, ducts and masts; access to relevant software systems including operational support systems; access to information systems or databases for pre-ordering, provisioning, ordering, maintaining and repair requests, and billing; access to number translation or systems offering equivalent functionality; access to fixed and mobile networks, in particular for roaming; access to conditional access systems for digital television services and access to virtual network services. ADC - Access Deficit Cost Cover the gap between tariff and costs - Access deficit arises when the tariff specified -
Telecommunication/ICT Indicators from Administrative Data Sources
Committed to Connecting the World ITU Regional Forum and Training Workshop on Telecommunication/ICT Indicators: Measuring the Information Society and ITU-ASEAN Meeting on Establishing National ICT Statistics Portals and Measuring ASEAN ICT targets Bangkok, 13-16 October 2014 Telecommunication/ICT indicators from administrative data sources Esperanza Magpantay/Susan Teltscher ICT Data and Statistics Division BDT/ ITU International Telecommunication Union © ITU 2014 Committed to Connecting the World Agenda . ITU Handbook . ITU indicators from administrative sources 2 © ITU 2014 Committed to Connecting the World ITU Handbook .Covers 81 indicators on telecommunication/ICT services .Covers data collected from administrative sources (e.g. telecom operators) .Reflects the outcome by ITU Expert Group on Telecom/ICT Indicators (EGTI) .Available in six ITU languages at: http://www.itu.int/pub/D-IND-ITC_IND_HBK- 2011 . Will be revised in 2015 3 © ITU 2014 Committed to Connecting the World ITU Handbook (cont.) Groupings: .Definition . Fixed-telephone networks . Mobile-cellular networks .Clarifications and . Internet scope . Traffic . Tariffs .Method of collection . Quality of service .Relationship with . Persons employed other indicators . Revenue . Investment .Methodological issues . Public access . Broadcasting and other .Examples indicators 4 © ITU 2014 Committed to Connecting the World ITU Handbook – updates . Revision of revenue and investment indicators . New indicators added . Fixed broadband and mobile QoS . Broadband Internet traffic . Pay-TV subscriptions . Mobile-broadband prices 5 © ITU 2014 Committed to Connecting the World Context: indicators from administrative sources 81 Indicators ITU Handbook . Data per operator Indicators collected in 65 ITU administrative Administrative . Sub-national questionnaires indicators data collected by countries . Data for market Core indicators on analysis ICT infrastructure 10 and access . -
Cracking Channel Hopping Sequences and Graph Routes in Industrial TSCH Networks
1 Cracking Channel Hopping Sequences and Graph Routes in Industrial TSCH Networks ∗ XIA CHENG, JUNYANG SHI, and MO SHA , State University of New York at Binghamton, USA Industrial networks typically connect hundreds or thousands of sensors and actuators in industrial facilities, such as manufacturing plants, steel mills, and oil refineries. Although the typical industrial Internet of Things (IoT) applications operate at low data rates, they pose unique challenges because of their critical demands for reliable and real-time communication in harsh industrial environments. IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless sensor-actuator networks (WSANs) technology is appealing for use to construct industrial networks because it does not require wired infrastructure and can be manufactured inexpensively. Battery-powered wireless modules easily and inexpensively retrofit existing sensors and actuators in industrial facilities without running cables for communication and power. To address the stringent real-time and reliability requirements, WSANs made a set of unique design choices such as employing the Time-Synchronized Channel Hopping (TSCH) technology. These designs distinguish WSANs from traditional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that require only best effort services. The function-based channel hopping used in TSCH simplifies the network operations at the cost of security. Our study shows that an attacker can reverse engineer the channel hopping sequences and graph routes by silently observing the transmission activities and put the network in danger of selective jamming attacks. The cracked knowledge on the channel hopping sequences and graph routes is an important prerequisite for launching selective jamming attacks to TSCH networks. To our knowledge, this paper represents the first systematic study that investigates the security vulnerability of TSCH channel hopping and graph routing under realistic settings. -
Industrial Iot Monitoring: Technologies and Architecture Proposal
sensors Article Industrial IoT Monitoring: Technologies and Architecture Proposal Duarte Raposo 1,* , André Rodrigues 1,2 , Soraya Sinche 1,3 , Jorge Sá Silva 1 and Fernando Boavida 1 1 Centre of Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3030-290, Portugal; [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (S.S.); [email protected] (J.S.S.); [email protected] (F.B.) 2 Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ISCAC, Coimbra 3040-316, Portugal 3 DETRI, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito 170517, Ecuador * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +351-239-790-000 Received: 12 September 2018; Accepted: 16 October 2018; Published: 21 October 2018 Abstract: Dependability and standardization are essential to the adoption of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in industrial applications. Standards such as ZigBee, WirelessHART, ISA100.11a and WIA-PA are, nowadays, at the basis of the main process-automation technologies. However, despite the success of these standards, management of WSNs is still an open topic, which clearly is an obstacle to dependability. Existing diagnostic tools are mostly application- or problem-specific, and do not support standard-based multi-network monitoring. This paper proposes a WSN monitoring architecture for process-automation technologies that addresses the mentioned limitations. Specifically, the architecture has low impact on sensor node resources, uses network metrics already available in industrial standards, and takes advantage of widely used management standards to share the monitoring information. The proposed architecture was validated through prototyping, and the obtained performance results are presented and discussed in the final part of the paper. In addition to proposing a monitoring architecture, the paper provides an in-depth insight into metrics, techniques, management protocols, and standards applicable to industrial WSNs. -
Wireless LAN Technology: Current State and Future Trends
Wireless LAN Technology: Current State and Future Trends Zahed Iqbal Helsinki University of Technology Telecommunications Software and Multimedia Laboratory [email protected] Abstract In this paper, a comprehensive overview of the current state and future trends of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) has been presented. This document stud- ies and compares two most competing commercialy potential WLAN technologies, namely IEEE 802.11 and ETSI HiperLAN. This study also addresses the challenges of their coexistance and convengences towards a global standards. KEYWORDS: Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), IEEE 802.11, ETSI, HiperLAN 1 Introduction Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a flexible data communication system that can either replace or extend a wired LAN to provide added functionality. Using Radio Fre- quency (RF) technology, or Infrared (IR) WLANs transmit and receive data over the air, through wall, ceilings, and even cement structures, without wired cabling. A WLAN pro- vides all the features and benefits of traditional LAN technologies like Ethernet and Token Ring, but without the limitations of being connected by a cable. This provides greatly increased freedom and flexibility. [8] Wireless Local Area Networks have been used increasingly in many critical applications over the past few years, particularly since 1997 when the first IEEE802.11 WLAN standard was issued followed by its European competitor standard High Performance LAN (Hiper- LAN). In certain locations, the use of WLANs could save millions of dollars in cost and deployment time when compared to permanent wired networks. In other locations, WLAN services are complimentary to existing wired LANs adding the advantage of user mobility. -
QUESTION 20-1/2 Examination of Access Technologies for Broadband Communications
International Telecommunication Union QUESTION 20-1/2 Examination of access technologies for broadband communications ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 3rd STUDY PERIOD (2002-2006) Report on broadband access technologies eport on broadband access technologies QUESTION 20-1/2 R International Telecommunication Union ITU-D THE STUDY GROUPS OF ITU-D The ITU-D Study Groups were set up in accordance with Resolutions 2 of the World Tele- communication Development Conference (WTDC) held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1994. For the period 2002-2006, Study Group 1 is entrusted with the study of seven Questions in the field of telecommunication development strategies and policies. Study Group 2 is entrusted with the study of eleven Questions in the field of development and management of telecommunication services and networks. For this period, in order to respond as quickly as possible to the concerns of developing countries, instead of being approved during the WTDC, the output of each Question is published as and when it is ready. For further information: Please contact Ms Alessandra PILERI Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) ITU Place des Nations CH-1211 GENEVA 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6698 Fax: +41 22 730 5484 E-mail: [email protected] Free download: www.itu.int/ITU-D/study_groups/index.html Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications © ITU 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union QUESTION 20-1/2 Examination of access technologies for broadband communications ITU-D STUDY GROUP 2 3rd STUDY PERIOD (2002-2006) Report on broadband access technologies DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by many volunteers from different Administrations and companies. -
Smart Dust and Sensory Swarms Kris Pister Prof
Smart Dust and Sensory Swarms Kris Pister Prof. EECS, UC Berkeley Founder & Chief Technologist Dust Networks, a Linear company The Swarm at The Edge of the Cloud TRILLIONS OF CONNECTED DEVICES InfrastructuralTHE CLOUD core THE SWARM [J. Rabaey, ASPDAC’08] 2 Micro Robots, 1995 Goal: Make silicon chips that walk. (Richard Yeh) 3 Smart Dust, 1997 4 Smart Dust, 2001 5 Building Energy System (ucb, 2001) . 50 temperature sensors on 4th floor . 5 electrical power monitors . 1 relay controlling a Trane rooSop chiller 6 Sensor Networks Take Off! $8.1B market for Wireless Sensor Networks in 2007 Source: InStat/MDR 11/2003 (Wireless); Wireless Data Research Group 2003; InStat/MDR 7/2004 (Handsets) 7 Celebrity Endorsement 8 Sensor Networks Take Off! Industry Analysts Take Off! $8.1B market for Wireless Sensor Networks in 2007 Source: InStat/MDR 11/2003 (Wireless); Wireless Data Research Group 2003; InStat/MDR 7/2004 (Handsets) 9 Barriers to AdopWon OnWorld, 2005 10 The Requirements . Deploy devices ANYWHERE . The data must be RELIABLE . No baery changes for ~ DECADE 11 Network Architecture Network & Security Management IEEE 802.15.4 Radio Time slotted and synchronized for low power and scalability Full mesh and channel hopping for wire-like reliability (>99.99% ) Every node can run on batteries (or energy harvester) for 10+ years Incorporated into WirelessHART (IEC62591), ISA100.11a, WIA-PA, and IEEE 802.15.4E standards 12 Wireless HART Architecture (from ABB) 13 Emerson offerings, 2007 (Dave Farr presentaon) 14 15 Emerson Process Managmenet, Extreme -
Understanding Mmwave for 5G Networks 1
5G Americas | Understanding mmWave for 5G Networks 1 Contents 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 2 Status of Millimeter Wave Spectrum ............................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Regional Status ........................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Global Millimeter Wave Auctions .............................................................................................................12 3 Millimeter Wave Technical Rules in the United States ...............................................................................15 3.1 Licensed Spectrum ..................................................................................................................................15 3.2 Lightly Licensed .......................................................................................................................................16 3.3 Unlicensed Spectrum ..............................................................................................................................17 4 Millimeter Wave Challenges and Opportunities ..........................................................................................19 4.1 Losses in Millimeter Wave .......................................................................................................................19 -
WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP in DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: IS IT TOO SOON for DATA? the Case of Kenya
WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: IS IT TOO SOON FOR DATA? The case of Kenya by MUGO KIBATI MBA, International Business MA, International Economics George Washington University, 1997 B.S., Electrical Engineering Moi University, 1991 Submitted to the Technology and Policy Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY May, 1999 1999 Mugo Kibati. All rights reserved The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis for the purpose of publishing other works. Signature of Author Technology Policy Program May 14, 1999 Certified by Sharon Eisner Gillett Research Associate, Internet and Telecoms Convergence Consortium Thesis Supervisor Certified by Professor Richard de Neufville Chairman, Technology and Policy Program WIRELESS LOCAL LOOP IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: IS IT TOO SOON FOR DATA? The case of Kenya by Mugo Kibati Submitted the Technology and Policy Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Technology and Policy May 1999 ABSTRACT The demand for data communications in Kenya is growing at a steady rate. Information technologies have become ubiquitous all over the world, including in developing countries like Kenya. Already, educational, health and trade networks connecting remote regions to the rest of the world are taking advantage of the Internet phenomenon. Banks, insurance and financial services firms, and other corporations need data communications for real time information gathering, automated remote services, intra-corporate voice and data communications, etc. However, like in many developing countries, communications infrastructure in Kenya is woefully underdeveloped and ill prepared to satisfy the increasing demand for data communications. -
5G: Issues & Challenges
RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE 5G: ISSUES & CHALLENGES March 2017 The issues and challenges surrounding 5G The telecoms industry is currently in the process of designing the technologies that are due to take over from 4G, which is still being deployed today. A great deal of work is thus underway to prepare these “5G” technologies. To prepare for the arrival of this new generation of technologies, Arcep wanted to take a detailed look at the industry to better understand what is in the works. This report is the fruit of the interviews and research that Arcep conducted over the course of 2016, and which the Authority wanted to publish as a way to contribute to the public debate over 5G. Its aim it to provide as objective and exhaustive an overview as possible, and deliver a concise, informative snapshot of the work that is currently underway on the future generation of mobile networks. This report reflects the views of the stakeholders who were interviewed, but in no way represents Arcep’s positions on or roadmap for 5G. Arcep awarded in 2015 the 700 MHz band and is currently working towards licensing the 3.5 GHz band, both of which have been identified as 5G bands. Arcep is also working with the Direction générale des entreprises and the Agence nationale des fréquences towards enabling spectrum for 5G. Arcep would like to thank all of the entities (listed on the last page) who agreed to take part in this process, and who were willing to contribute to the regulator’s investigation into the development of 4G’s successor. -
Structure of IEEE 802.11 Packets at Various Physical Layers
Appendix A: Structure of IEEE 802.11 Packets at Various Physical Layers This appendix gives a detailed description of the structure of packets in IEEE 802.11 for the different physical layers. 1. Packet Format of Frequency Hopping Spread-spectrum Physical Layer (FHSS PHY) The packet is made up of the following elements (Figure A.1): 1.1 Preamble It depends on the physical layer and includes: – Synch: a sequence of 80 bits alterning 0 and 1, used by the physical circuits to select the correct antenna (if more than one are in use), and correct offsets of frequency and synchronization. – SFD: start frame delimiter consists of a pattern of 16 bits: 0000 1100 1011 1101, used to define the beginning of the frame. 1.2 Physical Layer Convergence Protocol Header The Physical Layer Convergence Protocol (PLCP) header is always transmitted at 1 Mbps and carries some logical information used by the physical layer to decode the frame: – Length of word of PLCP PDU (PLW): representing the number of bytes in the packet, useful to the physical layer to detect correctly the end of the packet. – Flag of signalization PLCP (PSF): indicating the supported rate going from 1 to 4.5 Mbps with steps of 0.5 Mbps. Even though the standard gives the combinations of bits for PSF (see Table A.1) to support eight different rates, only the modulations for 1 and 2 Mbps have been defined. – Control error field (HEC): CRC field for error detection of 16 bits (or 32 bits). The polynomial generator used is G(x)=x16 + x12 + x5 +1. -
The Spirit of Wi-Fi
Rf: Wi-Fi_Text Dt: 09-Jan-2003 The Spirit of Wi-Fi where it came from where it is today and where it is going by Cees Links Wi-Fi pioneer of the first hour All rights reserved, © 2002, 2003 Cees Links The Spirit of Wi-Fi Table of Contents 0. Preface...................................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................4 2. The Roots of Wi-Fi: Wireless LANs...................................................................................................9 2.1 The product and application background: networking ..............................................................9 2.2 The business background: convergence of telecom and computers? ......................................14 2.3 The application background: computers and communications ...............................................21 3. The original idea (1987 – 1991).........................................................................................................26 3.1 The radio legislation in the US .................................................................................................26 3.2 Pioneers .....................................................................................................................................28 3.3 Product definition ......................................................................................................................30