DOCSLIB.ORG

Heat Transport by Fluids During Late Cretaceous Regional Metamorphism in the Big Maria Mountains, Southeastern California

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Heat Transport by Fluids During Late Cretaceous Regional Metamorphism in the Big Maria Mountains, Southeastern California Heat transport by fluids during Late Cretaceous regional metamorphism in the Big Maria Mountains, southeastern California THOMAS D. HOISCH U.S. Geological Survey, M.S. 964, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225 ABSTRACT The Big María Mountains of southeastern California comprise a Late Cretaceous re- gional metamorphic terrain involving Paleo- zoic cratonal sediments. Siliceous limestone of the upper Paleozoic Supai Formation has reacted to form massive wollastonite, requir- ing an enormous fluid flux. The minimum volume ratio of fluid:rock that is necessary to explain the formation of wollastonite may be calculated from the reaction quartz + calcite = wollastonite + C02, using the method of Rice and Ferry. Given average conditions of 3 kbar, 500 °C, an infiltrating fluid of composi- tion XH2O = 1.00, an equilibrium fluid compo- sition of XH2Q = 0.97, and 90% wollastonite in the final rock, a fluid:rock ratio of 17:1 may be calculated. Infiltrating fluids of composi- tion 1.00 > XH2O > 0.97 require still higher ratios. Metamorphic reactions which took A ' Two-feldspar thermometry (°C) place in other units of the sequence (metape- O - Calcite-dolomite thermometry (°C) lites, massive carbonates, metavolcaniclastics) LTZ = Lower Talc Zone did not record the massive fluid flux, but UTZ = Upper Talc Zone DTZ = Diopside-Tremolite Zone fluids must have passed through them to have FZ = Forsterite Zone affected structurally isolated masses of Supai Formation. Passage of fluids must have oc- curred along fractures. 0 1 2 3 4 5 km 33°45'+ Neither magmatism nor radioactive heat 114°40' sources are adequate to explain the tem- peratures of metamorphism. If the minimum quantity of fluid that is estimated to have passed through the area was initially at 680 °C, it would result in a 300-degree rise in temperature over that of the stable- craton geotherm. Late metamorphic pegma- tite dikes which are most abundant in areas of high metamorphic grade may stem from melts anatectically derived at deeper levels, perhaps Figure 1. Map of the Big Maria Mountains, showing metamorphic temperatures which are as a result of the same fluid flux. Heat that is determined by calcite-dolomite and two-feldspar thermometry and isograds which are deter- introduced by large fluid fluxes may be an mined on the basis of mineral assemblages observed in siliceous dolomites (adapted from important cause of anomalously high temper- Hoisch and others, in press). The calcite-dolomite geothermometer used is that of Rice (1977), atures which are observed in many cases in and the two-feldspar geothermometer used is that of Whitney and Stormer (1977) modified by regional metamorphic terrains. adding 50°. See Hoisch and others (in press) for a detailed discussion of thermobarometry. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 98, p. 549-553, 5 figs., May 1987. 549 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/98/5/549/3445251/i0016-7606-98-5-549.pdf by guest on 23 September 2021 550 T. D. HOISCH Figure 2. Schematic isobaric T-X^ diagram show- ing reactions in the siliceous dolomite system MgO- Ca0-Si02-H20-C02 (for example, Skippen, 1974) and the basis for isograds and metamorphic zones. Volatfles in reactions are emitted for clarity. Mineral abbrevia- tions: Cc = calcife, Di = diopside, Do = dolomite, Fo = forsterite, Qz = quartz, Tc = talc, Tr = tremolite. Meta- morphic zones: 1LTZ = lower talc zone, UTZ = upper talc zone, DTZ = diopside-tremolite zone, FZ = forster- ite zone. INTRODUCTION The conditions of metamorphism which are preserved in regional metamorphic terrains are in many cases hotter than those predicted by steady-state geotberms. Higher temperatures I may result from the introduction of hot fluids or 0 0.5 1.0 magmas (see, for example, Lachenbruch and X(C02) Sass, 1977), from rapid crustal thinning (Lachenbruch and Sass, 1978; Wickham and REGIONAL METAMORPHISM IN ing. Tectonism in southeastern California was Oxburgh, 1985), or from radioactive decay THE BIG MARIA MOUNTAINS concurrent with Sevier thrusting in southern following crustal thickening (for example, Eng- Nevada. (Hoisch and others, in press) but is land and Thompson, 1984). Briefly elevated iso- The Big Maria Mountains of southeastern much different in character. Differences may re- therms may result from sudden uplift (England California constitute a Late Cretaceous regional flect the response of different crustal levels and Thompson, 1984). In areas which expe- metamorphic terrain -200 km2 in area. Meta- (Haxel and others, 1984) or different deep- rience peak metamorphic temperatures during morphism occurred at -3.0 ± 1 kbar and at crustal structures to the same general compres- crustal thickening, only the introduction of heat temperatures that increased northwestward from sive regime. In southern Nevada, thrusting was by fluids or magmas may be called upon to 430 to 590 °C (Hoisch, 1985; Fig. 1). Isograds initiated along the Paleozoic miogeocline and explain anomalously high temperatures. If such are crudely defined from mineral assemblages does not involve crystalline basement, whereas areas also lack evidence of synmetamorphic within the siliceous dolomitic limestones of the in southeastern California, structures formed plutonism, then the introduction of heat by cratonal sequence by consideration of isobaric within the ancient craton. fluids may remair as the only plausible explana- invariant points and isobaric univariant thermal tion. Such areas are common, but evidence of maxima within the system Mg0-Ca0-Si02- Evidence for Fluid Flux during Regional fluid fluxes of sufficient magnitude to explain H20-C02 (method of Rice, 1977; Fig. 2). Four Metamorphism significant high-temperature anomalies is not re- metamorphic zones are distinguished, the lower corded in many ciises. That fluids may efficiently talc zone (LTZ), upper talc zone (UTZ), Within the Paleozoic to lower Mesozoic cra- transport heat within the crust has been well diopside-tremolite zone (DTZ), and forsterite tonal aissemblage, there is a wide variety of documented. Circulating fluids may distribute zone (FZ), in order of increasing grade (Fig. 1). sedimentary protoliths, including sandstones, pe- heat around intruding plutons (Cathles, 1977; In the direction of increasing temperature, zone lites, siliceous limestones and dolomites, and Ferry, 1980) and cause anomalous surface heat boundaries are recognized by (1) the limit of volcaniclastic sediments. Siliceous limestone of flow (Donaldson, 1962; Lowell, 1975). stability of quartz + talc + calcite, (2) the limit of the upper Paleozoic Supai Formation has In southeastern California, Late Cretaceous stability of talc + calcite, and (3) the occurrence reacted to form massive wollastonite every- regional metamo:rphism is preserved in several of the assemblage calcite + dolomite + tremolite where but in the lowest grade southeastern part mountain ranges, associated with ductile defor- + diopside + forsterite. The isograds corroborate of the area (Fig. 3). The resultant rock is typi- mation of ancient craton and overlying plat- the trend of northwestward increasing tempera- cally 80%-95% wollastonite, containing also form-facies Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic strata ture indicated by geothermometry (Fig. 1). varying amounts of grossular, diopside, vesuvi- correlative with those of the Grand Canyon (for The Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic cratonal anite, and sphene. Quartz, calcite, and It- example, Stone and others, 1983; Miller and strata were attenuated by as much as a factor of feldspar are also present in some cases. others, 1982; Hoisch and others, in press). These 100 concomitant with basement-involved re- The formation of the massive wollastonite re- areas were metamorphosed at conditions hotter cumbent and isoclinal folding (Hamilton, 1982, quired an enormous flux of nearly pure H20 than those predicted by steady-state geotherms 1984). Mineral lineations in rocks showing fluid. The minimum ratio of fluid:rock that is (Hoisch and others, in press). In the present granoblastic polygonal elongate texture parallel needed may be calculated based on the reaction study, evidence for a large flux of hot fluids the axes of large and small folds, indicating that calcite + quartz = wollastonite + C02, using the during regional metamorphism in one area, the their formation was synmetamorphic. The cra- method of Rice and Ferry (1982). Mineral reac- Big Maria Mountains, is presented, and the pos- tonal strata were probably carried to mid-crustal tions which buffer the con: position of a H20- sibility that the fluids introduced heat sufficient depths during the formation of these structures. C02 fluid will progress to an extent that is to cause a 300-Celsius-degree increase in This implies that the peak conditions of meta- dependent upon the composition and quantity temperature is discussed. morphism were achieved during crustal thicken- of infiltrating fluids. For such reactions, a fluid Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/98/5/549/3445251/i0016-7606-98-5-549.pdf by guest on 23 September 2021 HEAT TRANSPORT BY FLUIDS DURING METAMORPHISM, CALIFORNIA 551 semblages in the siliceous dolomitic limestones were richer in CO2 (XH2Q = 0.8-0.1) than were fluid compositions in the Supai Formation (Hoisch and others, in press). This is indicated by mineral assemblages which were buffered along isobaric univariant or invariant equilibria (Fig. 2). Fluid:rock ratios which are required by these assemblages are also much less, generally
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wilderness Visitors and Recreation Impacts: Baseline Data Available for Twentieth Century Conditions
    United States Department of Agriculture Wilderness Visitors and Forest Service Recreation Impacts: Baseline Rocky Mountain Research Station Data Available for Twentieth General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-117 Century Conditions September 2003 David N. Cole Vita Wright Abstract __________________________________________ Cole, David N.; Wright, Vita. 2003. Wilderness visitors and recreation impacts: baseline data available for twentieth century conditions. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-117. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 52 p. This report provides an assessment and compilation of recreation-related monitoring data sources across the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS). Telephone interviews with managers of all units of the NWPS and a literature search were conducted to locate studies that provide campsite impact data, trail impact data, and information about visitor characteristics. Of the 628 wildernesses that comprised the NWPS in January 2000, 51 percent had baseline campsite data, 9 percent had trail condition data and 24 percent had data on visitor characteristics. Wildernesses managed by the Forest Service and National Park Service were much more likely to have data than wildernesses managed by the Bureau of Land Management and Fish and Wildlife Service. Both unpublished data collected by the management agencies and data published in reports are included. Extensive appendices provide detailed information about available data for every study that we located. These have been organized by wilderness so that it is easy to locate all the information available for each wilderness in the NWPS. Keywords: campsite condition, monitoring, National Wilderness Preservation System, trail condition, visitor characteristics The Authors _______________________________________ David N.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Land Statistics 2003
    Public Land Statistics 2003 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management TABLE OF CONTENTS Table No. WELCOME PART 1 LAND RESOURCES AND INFORMATION 1-1 Acquisition of the Public Domain, 1781-1867 --- Acquisitions (Map) 1-2 Disposition of the Public Domain, 1781-2003 1-3 Mineral and Surface Acres Administered by the BLM --- Public Lands, On-Shore Federal and Indian Minerals in Lands of the U.S. Responsibilities of BLM - Lower 48 States (Map) --- Public Lands, On-Shore Federal and Indian Minerals in Lands of the U.S. Responsibilities of BLM - Alaska (Map) 1-4 Public Lands Under Exclusive Jurisdiction of the BLM 1-5 Area of Oregon and California (O&C) Revested Lands --- Revested Lands (Map) 1-6 Withdrawals, Revocations, Modifications, and Extensions --- Principal Meridians and Base Lines (Map) 1-7 Cadastral Survey Actions Completed --- Cadastral Survey Costs & Benefits to BLM (Bar Graph) --- Cadastral Survey Field Accomplishments: Percentage of Work Performed by Agency (Pie Chart) --- Cadastral Survey Office Accomplishments: Percentage of Work Performed by Agency (Pie Chart) 1-8 Obligations of Appropriations Received PART 2 HEALTHY PRODUCTIVE LANDS 2-1 Percent of Rangeland Acreage by Ecological Status by State 2-2 Condition of Riparian-Wetland Areas 2-3 Resource Conservation and Improvement Accomplishments 2-4 Forest Development Accomplishments in Acres 2-5 Types of Wildlife Habitat on Public Lands 2-6 Estimated Number of Big Game Animals on Public Lands 2-7 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Improvements Completed 2-8 Emergency Fire Stabilization
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Valley Groundwater Basin Bulletin 118
    Colorado River Hydrologic Region California’s Groundwater Rice Valley Groundwater Basin Bulletin 118 Rice Valley Groundwater Basin • Groundwater Basin Number: 7-4 • County: Riverside, San Bernardino • Surface Area: 189,000 acres (295 square miles) Basin Boundaries and Hydrology This groundwater basin underlies Rice Valley in northeast Riverside and southeast San Bernardino Counties. Elevation of the valley floor ranges from about 675 feet above sea level near the center of the valley to about 1,000 feet along the outer margins. The basin is bounded by nonwater- bearing rocks of the Turtle Mountains on the north, the Little Maria and Big Maria Mountains on the south, the Arica Mountains on the west, and by the West Riverside and Riverside Mountains on the east. Low-lying alluvial drainage divides form a portion of the basin boundaries on the northwest and northeast, and the Colorado River bounds a portion of the basin on the east. Maximum elevations of the surrounding mountains range to about 2,000 feet in the Arica Mountains, about 3,000 feet in the Big Maria Mountains, and 5,866 feet at Horn Peak in the Turtle Mountains (Bishop 1963; Jennings 1967; USGS 1971a, 1971b, 1983a, 1983b, 1983c). Annual average precipitation ranges from about 3 to 5 inches. Surface runoff from the mountains drains towards the center of the valley, except in the eastern part of the valley, where Big Wash drains to the Colorado River (USGS 1971a, 1971b, 1983a, 1983b, 1983c). Hydrogeologic Information Water Bearing Formations Alluvium is the water-bearing material that forms the basin and includes unconsolidated Holocene age deposits and underlying unconsolidated to semi-consolidated Pleistocene deposits (DWR 1954, 1963).
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Linkchapter
    Index (Italic page numbers indicate major references) Abalone Cove landslide, California, Badger Spring, Nevada, 92, 94 Black Dyke Formation, Nevada, 69, 179, 180, 181, 183 Badwater turtleback, California, 128, 70, 71 abatement districts, California, 180 132 Black Mountain Basalt, California, Abrigo Limestone, Arizona, 34 Bailey ash, California, 221, 223 135 Acropora, 7 Baked Mountain, Alaska, 430 Black Mountains, California, 121, Adams Argillite, Alaska, 459, 462 Baker’s Beach, California, 267, 268 122, 127, 128, 129 Adobe Range, Nevada, 91 Bald Peter, Oregon, 311 Black Point, California, 165 Adobe Valley, California, 163 Balloon thrust fault, Nevada, 71, 72 Black Prince Limestone, Arizona, 33 Airport Lake, California, 143 Banning fault, California, 191 Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska, 451, Alabama Hills, California, 152, 154 Barrett Canyon, California, 202 454, 455 Alaska Range, Alaska, 442, 444, 445, Barrier, The, British Columbia, 403, Blackhawk Canyon, California, 109, 449, 451 405 111 Aldwell Formation, Washington, 380 Basin and Range Province, 29, 43, Blackhawk landslide, California, 109 algae 48, 51, 53, 73, 75, 77, 83, 121, Blackrock Point, Oregon, 295 Oahu, 6, 7, 8, 10 163 block slide, California, 201 Owens Lake, California, 150 Basin Range fault, California, 236 Blue Lake, Oregon, 329 Searles Valley, California, 142 Beacon Rock, Oregon, 324 Blue Mountains, Oregon, 318 Tatonduk River, Alaska, 459 Bear Meadow, Washington, 336 Blue Mountain unit, Washington, 380 Algodones dunes, California, 101 Bear Mountain fault zone, California,
    [Show full text]
  • Scaprogram.Small .Pdf
    Program cover by Emily Carleton The activity which is the subject of this annual meeting program has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, through the California Office of Historic Preservation. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the California Office of Historic Preservation. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental Federally assisted programs on the basis of race, color, sex, age, disability, or national origin. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service P.O. Box 37127 Washington, D.C. 20013?7127 1 | Society for California Archaeology Annual Meeting 2014 Society for California Archaeology 48th Annual Meeting Program March 20-23, 2014 Visalia, California 2013-2014 Executive Board President - Richard Fitzgerald Immediate Past President - Michael Newland President–Elect - Jennifer Darcangelo Southern Vice-President - Noelle Shaver Northern Vice-President - Greg Collins Secretary - Maggie Trumbly Treasurer - John Burge Executive Director - Denise Wills Conference Planning Committee Local Arrangements - C. Kristina Roper Program Chair - Linn Gassaway Local Committee - Mary Gorden Banquet Coordinator – Michelle Cross Public Archaeology Coordinators – C. Kristina Roper, Linn Gassaway, and Mary Gorden Silent Auction Donations – Mary Baloian Silent Auction Beverage Donations - Jennifer Farquhar Underwriter Coordinator – Rich V.
    [Show full text]
  • ORWA26 750UTM: Oregon/Washington 750 Meter
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND SAMPLE LOCALITY MAP FOR ROCK, STREAM-SEDIMENT, AND SOIL SAMPLES, NORTHERN AND EASTERN COLORADO DESERT BLM RESOURCE AREA, IMPERIAL, RIVERSIDE, AND SAN BERNARDINO COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA By H.D. King* and M.A. Chaffee* Open-File Report 00-105 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. *U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046, MS 973, Denver, CO 80225-0046 2000 CONTENTS (blue text indicates a link) INTRODUCTION SAMPLE COLLECTION AND PREPARATION ANALYTICAL METHODS DESCRIPTION OF DATA TABLES OTHER INFORMATION ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES CITED ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Maps showing location of the Northern and Eastern Colorado Desert BLM Resource Area, California Figure 2. Site locality map for rock, stream-sediment, and soil samples from the Northern and Eastern Colorado Desert BLM Resource Area and vicinity TABLES Table 1. Lower limits of determination for ACTLABS instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometric analysis (ICP-AES) Table 2. Lower limits of determination for inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) methods used by USGS and by XRAL Laboratories Table 3. Results for the analysis of 132 rock samples from the Northern and Eastern Colorado Desert BLM Resource Area Table 4. Results for the analysis of 284 USGS stream-sediment samples from the Northern and Eastern Colorado Desert BLM Resource Area Table 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Use Provisions in Wilderness Legislation
    University of Colorado Law School Colorado Law Scholarly Commons Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Books, Reports, and Studies Resources, Energy, and the Environment 2004 Special Use Provisions in Wilderness Legislation University of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/books_reports_studies Part of the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, and the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Citation Information Special Use Provisions in Wilderness Legislation (Natural Res. Law Ctr., Univ. of Colo. Sch. of Law 2004). SPECIAL USE PROVISIONS IN WILDERNESS LEGISLATION (Natural Res. Law Ctr., Univ. of Colo. Sch. of Law 2004). Reproduced with permission of the Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, Energy, and the Environment (formerly the Natural Resources Law Center) at the University of Colorado Law School. SPECIAL USE PROVISIONS IN WILDERNESS LEGISLATION Natural Resources Law Center University of Colorado School of Law 401 UCB Boulder, Colorado 80309-0401 2004 Table of Contents SPECIAL USE PROVISIONS IN WILDERNESS LEGISLATION ........................................................... 1 I. Overview ................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Specific Special Use Provisions............................................................................................. 1 A. Water Rights ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment
    Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment Quarry Operations –Yuma Area Office Lower Colorado River Region U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Yuma Area Office Yuma, Arizona August 2007 Mission Statements The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation’s natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to Indian Tribes and our commitments to island communities. The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. Final Programmatic Environmental Assessment Quarry Operations – Yuma Area Office Lower Colorado River Region prepared by Yuma Area Office Resource Management Office Environmental Planning and Compliance Group Jason Associates Corporation Yuma Office Contract No. 03-PE-34-0230 U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Yuma Area Office Yuma, Arizona August 2007 Acronyms and Abbreviations ADEQ Arizona Department of Environmental Quality APCD Air Pollution Control District AQMD Air Quality Management District BCO Biological and Conference Opinion BMPs Best Management Practices BLM U.S. Bureau of Land Management CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standards CARB California Air Resources Board CESA California Endangered Species Act CFR Code of Federal Regulations CO Carbon monoxide CRFWLS Colorado River Front Work and Levee System CRIT Colorado River Indian Tribes DM Departmental Manual DTSC Department
    [Show full text]
  • Eagle Mountain Pumped Storage Project No. 13123 Final License Application Technical Appendices for Exhibit E, Applicant Prepared Environmental Impact Statement
    PUBLIC Eagle Mountain Pumped Storage Project No. 13123 Final License Application Technical Appendices for Exhibit E, Applicant Prepared Environmental Impact Statement. Volume 3 of 6 Palm Desert, California Submitted to: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Submitted by: Eagle Crest Energy Company Date: June 22, 2009 GEI Project No. 080473 ©2009 Eagle Crest Energy Company 12 Appendix C – Technical Memoranda 12.9 Class I Cultural Resources Investigation for the Proposed Eagle Mountain Pumped Storage Project. A CLASS I CULTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATION for the PROPOSED EAGLE MOUNTAIN PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: Eagle Crest Energy Company 1 El Paseo West Building, Suite 204 74199 El Paseo Drive Palm Desert, CA 92260 Prepared by: Jerry Schaefer ASM Affiliates, Inc. 2034 Corte del Nogal Carlsbad, California 92011 PN 14011 Keywords: USGS 7.5-minute Corn Springs, Desert Center, East of Victory Pass, and Victory Pass quads; Chuckwalla Valley, Eagle Mountain Mine, Riverside County; Desert Training Center, Camp Desert Center, World War II, Historic Trash Scatters; Class III Field Inventory. April 2009 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page MANAGEMENT SUMMARY .................................................................iii 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION..............................................................1 2. ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXT .............................5 NATURAL SETTING .............................................................................. 5 Geomorphology and Geology
    [Show full text]
  • California Desert Protection Act of 1993 CIS-NO
    93 CIS S 31137 TITLE: California Desert Protection Act of 1993 CIS-NO: 93-S311-37 SOURCE: Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Senate DOC-TYPE: Hearing DOC-NO: S. Hrg. 103-186 DATE: Apr. 27, 28, 1993 LENGTH: iii+266 p. CONG-SESS: 103-1 ITEM-NO: 1040-A; 1040-B SUDOC: Y4.EN2:S.HRG.103-186 MC-ENTRY-NO: 94-3600 INCLUDED IN LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF: P.L. 103-433 SUMMARY: Hearings before the Subcom on Public Lands, National Parks, and Forests to consider S. 21 (text, p. 4-92), the California Desert Protection Act of 1993, to: a. Expand or designate 79 wilderness areas, one wilderness study area in the California Desert Conservation Area, and one natural reserve. b. Expand and redesignate the Death Valley National Monument as the Death Valley National Park and the Joshua Tree National Monument as the Joshua Tree National Park. c. Establish the Mojave National Park and the Desert Lily Sanctuary. d. Direct the Department of Interior to enter into negotiations with the Catellus Development Corp., a publicly owned real estate development corporation, for an agreement or agreements to exchange public lands or interests for Catellus lands or interests which are located within the boundaries of designated wilderness areas or park units. e. Withdraw from application of public land laws and reserve for Department of Navy use certain Federal lands in the California desert. f. Permit military aircraft training and testing overflights of the wilderness areas and national parks established in the legislation. Title VIII is cited as the California Military Lands Withdrawal and Overflights Act of 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesozoic Tectonics of the Maria Fold and Thrust Belt and Mccoy Basin : an Examination of Polyphase Deformation and Synorogenic Response Anthony C
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 8-27-2009 Mesozoic tectonics of the Maria fold and thrust belt and McCoy basin : an examination of polyphase deformation and synorogenic response Anthony C. Salem Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds Recommended Citation Salem, Anthony C.. "Mesozoic tectonics of the Maria fold and thrust belt and McCoy basin : an examination of polyphase deformation and synorogenic response." (2009). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/eps_etds/75 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MESOZOIC TECTONICS OF THE MARIA FOLD AND THRUST BELT AND MCCOY BASIN, SOUTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA: AN EXAMINATION OF POLYPHASE DEFORMATION AND SYNOROGENIC RESPONSE BY ANTHONY CHRISTOPHER SALEM B.S., Arizona State University, 1999 M.S.., Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, 2005 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Earth & Planetary Sciences The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico August, 2009 ©2009, Anthony C. Salem iii DEDICATION For Audrey, my best friend, chief advisor, drill sergeant, sounding board, editor extraordinaire, GIS wizard, partner in crime and great love. Without her love and support, life and this work would have been a lonely endeavor. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All the work that goes into conducting research and writing a dissertation may be indeed done by one person, but is actually the result of the efforts and support of many people who should be acknowledged.
    [Show full text]
  • National Landscape Conservation System: Wilderness Areas
    National Landscape Conservation System: Wilderness Areas State Field Office Wilderness Public Law Date Designated Units Acres AZ Gila District Aravaipa Canyon PL 101-628 8/28/1984 1 19,410 AZ Colorado River District Arrastra Mountain PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 129,800 AZ Colorado River District Aubrey Peak PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 15,400 AZ Gila District Baboquivari Peak PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 2,040 AZ Arizona Strip District Beaver Dam Mountains (3,667 in UT) PL 98-406 8/28/1984 1 15,000 AZ Phoenix District Big Horn Mountains PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 21,000 AZ Arizona Strip District Cottonwood Point PL 98-406 8/28/1984 1 6,860 AZ Gila District Coyote Mountains PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 5,100 AZ Gila District Dos Cabezas Mountains PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 11,700 AZ Colorado River District Eagletail Mountains PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 97,880 AZ Colorado River District East Cactus Plain PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 14,630 AZ Gila District Fishhooks PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 10,500 AZ Colorado River District Gibralter Mountain PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 18,790 AZ Arizona Strip District Grand Wash Cliffs PL 98-406 8/28/1984 1 37,030 AZ Colorado River District Harcuvar Mountains PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 25,050 AZ Phoenix District Harquahala Mountains PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 22,880 AZ Phoenix District Hassayampa River Canyon PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 12,300 AZ Phoenix District Hells Canyon PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 9,951 AZ Phoenix District Hummingbird Springs PL 101-628 11/28/1990 1 31,200 AZ Arizona Strip District Kanab Creek PL 98-406 8/28/1984 1 6,700 AZ Arizona
    [Show full text]