Fine Della Famiglia Di A68A

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Fine Della Famiglia Di A68A Fine della famiglia di A68A I poli geografici sono fissi. I poli magnetici no. Sono vagabondi. Viaggiano a velocità diverse fra nord e sud, diretti entrambi verso nord-ovest. Il polo magnetico sud viaggia a una velocità di 5-9 km all’anno, mentre il polo magnetico nord si sposta alla velocità di 37-72 km all’anno (in media 55 km/anno). Grazie alle osservazioni effettuate dai tre satelliti Swarm dell’ESA (Agenzia Spaziale Europea) è possibile determinare la posizione aggiornata dei poli magnetici nord e sud e comprendere anche la dinamica dei loro spostamenti, analizzando i dati degli ultimi anni (2015-2019). Tre ricercatori dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) – Mauro Regi (primo autore), Domenico Di Mauro e Stefania Lepidi – hanno fatto proprio questo: hanno analizzato i dati ottenuti dai satelliti Swarm per descrivere i movimenti dei poli magnetici. Il loro studio è apparso il 17 dicembre 2020 su Journal of Geophysical Research (The location of the Earth’s magnetic poles from circum‐terrestrial observations). I dati confermano che il polo magnetico nord ha lasciato l’Artico canadese per spostarsi verso la Siberia, mentre il polo magnetico sud si trova nell’oceano al largo della costa della Terre Adélie, non distante dalla base francese Dumont d’Urville (distanza dal polo sud geografico: circa 2.860 km). Spiega Domenico Di Mauro, uno degli autori dello studio: “(…) abbiamo determinato, aggiornandola, la posizione dei poli magnetici come se la misura fosse raccolta a terra. Per far ciò, abbiamo messo a punto procedure ed algoritmi per proiettare i dati raccolti in quota sulla superficie terrestre, un’analisi realizzata per la prima volta nell’era dell’esplorazione del nostro pianeta dallo Spazio”. Estratto da www.newsdaipoli.it | 1 Fine della famiglia di A68A Il campo magnetico della Terra ha origine nel cuore del pianeta, 2900 chilometri sotto ai nostri piedi. A questa profondità si trova il nucleo esterno, uno strato i metalli liquidi – ferro e nichel – percorso da moti convettivi che generano e mantengono il campo magnetico terrestre. Dalla profondità della Terra emerge in superficie e si distribuisce nello spazio. Il campo magnetico terrestre è come un dipolo, inclinato di circa 11° rispetto all’asse terrestre: c’è quindi una discrepanza fra polo magnetico e polo geografico, i due non corrispondono. L’intensità del campo magnetico varia alla superficie del pianeta ed è massima ai poli, minima all’equatore. Estratto da www.newsdaipoli.it | 2 Fine della famiglia di A68A La posizione del polo magnetico nord fu stabilita il primo giugno 1831 dall’esploratore inglese James Clark Ross della Royal Navy: in quell’anno il polo magnetico nord si trovava sulla costa ovest della Penisola di Boothia, latitudine 70°5’17’’ Nord, longitudine 96°46’45’’ Est. da allora ha percorso diverse migliaia di chilometri e si dirige diverso la Siberia. Quando raggiunse il polo nord magnetico James Clark Ross era il vice dello zio John Ross nella seconda spedizione di quest’ultimo alla ricerca del Passaggio a Nord-Ovest (1829-1834). La spedizione durò quattro anni e mezzo, con quattro winterover nell’Artico…. Nella spedizione in Antartide del 1839-43 James Ross tento’ di raggiungere anche il polo magnetico sud ma l’impresa non gli riuscì perché all’epoca il punto si trovava in terraferma ed era inaccessibile con i mezzi di cui disponeva. Estratto da www.newsdaipoli.it | 3 Fine della famiglia di A68A Persino per Douglas Mawson, Edgeworth David e Alistair Mackay che il 16 gennaio 1909 raggiunsero il polo magnetico sud si tratto’ di un’impresa ardua e rischiosa: percorsero 2800 chilometri a piedi attraverso l’Antartide tirando slitte pesanti diverse centinaia di chili prima di giungere al fatidico punto. Erano membri della spedizione di Shackleton con la Nimrod (British Antarctic Expedition – 1907-1909). Il loro rifugio si trovava a Cape Royds sull’isola di Ross …scoperta da James Clark Ross. Come fece quest’ultimo al polo magnetico nord – anche Mawson, Edgeworth David e Mackay issarono sul polo magnetico sud una bandiera inglese. PER SAPERNE DI PIU’ SUL MAGNETISMO TERRESTRE, un bel sito del NOAA: The force that’s always with you. NCEI: National Centers for Environmental Information: INFOGRAFICA: INGV– Francobollo commemorativo della British Antarctic Expedition del 1907-1909: Ross Dependency (New Zealand). Estratto da www.newsdaipoli.it | 4.
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