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RE-IMAGINING INFRASTRUCTURE Mark Gerencser

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RE-IMAGINING INFRASTRUCTURE Mark Gerencser American Interest Pre-PublicationPublicity Copy Copy AutumnVacationSummerSpringWinter (September/October) (March/April)(July/August) ((May/June)Jan./Feb.) 200 2009 2011,20099 (Vol. 2009(Vol. (Vol.Vol. IV IV,(Vol. VI,,IV, No. No. No. V,3) 5)No. 46) 1) The following article, in whole or in part, may not be copied, downloaded, stored, further transmitted, transfered, distributed, altered or otherwise used, in any form or by any means, except: • one stored electronic and one paper copy of any article solely for your personal, non-commercial use; or • with prior written permission of The American Interest LLC. To subscribe to our online version, visit www.The-American-Interest.com To subscribe to our print version, call 1-800-767-5273 or mail the form below to: TheTHE American AMERICAN Interest INTEREST P.O.PO BOXBox 15115338 NorthMOUNT Hollywood, MORRIS, CA IL 61054-752191615 BEST OFFER! Yes, send me two years (12 issues) of � Yes, send me one year (6 issues) for only $39*. I’ll The American InteresT for only $69*. save $5.75 off the cover price. I’ll save 23% off the cover price! Name Address 1 Address 2 City State Zip Country E-mail Credit Card Exp. Name on Card Tel. No. Signature Date *Please*Please*Please allow allow allowallow 4-6 4–6 4–64–6 weeks weeks weeksweeks for for forfor delivery delivery deliverydelivery of of ofoffirst first firstfirst issue. issue.issue.issue. Add AddAdd Add$14 $14$14$14 per per perperyear yearyearyear forforfor � Payment enclosed deliverydeliveryfordelivery shipping to toto addresses addressesaddresses & handling in inin Canada CanadaCanadato addresses and andand outside$33 $33$33 per perper the year yearyear U.S. for forfor and delivery deliverydelivery Canada. to toto ad adad--- � Bill me later A95PPCA12PPCA91A95PPCPPC dressesdressesdresses outside outsideoutside the thethe U.S. U.S.U.S. and andand Canada. Canada.Canada. A96PPC CONTENTS Th e Am e r i c A n in T e r e s T • Vo l u m e Vi, nu m b e r 4, sp r i n g (mA r c h /Ap r i l ) 2011 A WORLD OF TROUBLE 5 The Vulnerability of Peripheries by A. Wess Mitchell & Jakub Grygiel The United States must disprove the thesis of its decline, now being tested in three global hingepoints. 17 Tipping Point in the Indo-Pacific by Michael Auslin Little things can indeed mean a lot in China’s challenge to U.S. 5 pre-eminence in the Pacific. 25 Playing the Long Game by Samantha Ravich America’s most important challengers are organized for protracted competition. But America itself is not—yet. NATION-BUILDING IN AMERICA 34 Re-imagining Infrastructure by Mark Gerencser America is rich in expertise and dollars, but a desperately needed 34 infrastructure renewal depends on something else. 46 Bank on It A conversation with Bernard Schwartz and William A. Galston on options for financing U.S. infrastructure renewal. FABRICS OF AMERICAN LIFE 53 Quilted America by Virginia Gunn How the Smithsonian tried to outsource an American icon (and failed, thankfully). 104 60 The Apron Chronicles by EllynAnne Geisel An apron can tell a great story, if you know how to tie one on. SPRING (MA RCH /APRIL ) 2011 3 MAIL CALL 66 King Solomon’s Vanishing Temple by Yitzhak Reiter The Palestinian denial of Jewish historical roots in Jerusalem is a denial of their own history, as well. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 73 Neo-Feudalism Explained Francis Fukuyama, chairman by Vladislav L. Inozemtsev Charles Davidson, publisher & CEO The flight of the best and brightest from Russia is no accident. Walter Russell Mead, editor-at-large & director, The American Interest Online Eliot Cohen 81 The Rootless Roma Josef Joffe by Diana Muir Appelbaum The benefits of nationalism, as illustrated by its absence. Adam Garfinkle, editor Daniel Kennelly, senior managing editor Mark Nugent, associate editor Noelle Daly, assistant editor Damir Marusic, associate publisher REVIEWS Katherine Hall, assistant to the publisher Erica Brown, Michelle High, 90 Send in the Clones editorial consultants by Norihiro Katō Simon Monroe, R. Jay Magill, Jr., illustrators cover design by Damir Marusic Kazuo Ishiguro hangs suspended between two cultures and two languages—a tension that enriches Never Let Me Go. EDITORIAL BOARD Anne Applebaum, Peter Berger, 97 We Like to Watch Zbigniew Brzezinski, Tyler Cowen, Niall Ferguson, Robert H. Frank, by Andrew Erdmann William A. Galston, Owen Harries, Jerzy Kosinski’s Being There is too biting to be funny anymore. G. John Ikenberry, Stephen D. Krasner, Bernard-Henri Lévy, Sebastian 104 France Pressed Mallaby, C. Raja Mohan, Ana Palacio, by Daniel Vernet Itamar Rabinovich, Ali Salem, Lilia Shevtsova, Takashi Shiraishi, Mario Print media is under siege in France, too—but with a Gallic twist. Vargas Llosa, Wang Jisi, Ruth Wedgwood, James Q. Wilson 109 For a Little Room Behind the Shop by Ian Brunskill How Montaigne found happiness: He helped himself. ADVERTISING & SYNDICATION Damir Marusic [email protected] 113 Busytown Blues (202) 223-4408 by James Rosen There’s a seamy underside to children’s book author/illustrator Richard Scarry’s busy, busy world. website www.the-american-interest.com Subscriptions: Call (800) 362-8433 or visit www.the- NOTES & LETTERS american-interest.com. One year (6 issues): $39 print; $19 online; $49 for both. Two years (12 issues): $69 print; $38 online; $98 for both. Please add $14 per year for print-sub- 120 Spring Note: Busting the Beijing Consensus scription delivery to Canada and $33 per year for delivery to addresses outside the United States and Canada. Postmaster by Peter L. Berger & Ann Bernstein and subscribers, send subscription orders and changes of Free minds and free markets have nothing to fear from “authoritar- address to: The American Interest, P.O. Box 15115, North Hollywood, CA 91615. The American Interest (ISSN 1556- ian capitalism.” 5777) is published six times a year by The American Interest LLC. Printed by Fry Communications, Inc. Postage paid in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. ©2010, The American 128 Yankee Doodle Interest LLC. Application for mailing at periodical pricing is pending in Washington, DC and additional mailing offices. Editorial offices: 1730 Rhode Island Ave. NW, Suite 707, Washington, DC 20036. Tel.: (202) 223-4408. Fax: (202) 223-4489.4 Email:T [email protected] AMERIC A N IN T ERES T NATION-BUILDING IN AMERICA RE-IMAGINING INFRASTRUCTURE Mark Gerencser hen we turn on a faucet or flip a nation proud of private initiative and responsi- light switch, we rarely consider the bility, and of government both small and Fed- W vast networks and complex systems eral, infrastructure has long forced us to adapt behind them. But vast and complex they are: our ideology to necessity. Roads and canals, and More than 160,000 miles of high-voltage trans- eventually railroads, telegraphs and electricity mission lines bring power to the farthest reaches grids, all evolved over the course of our nation’s of our country; people and goods travel to their history into government obligations requiring destinations along nearly four million miles of varying degrees of investment, management roads; our water comes to the tap by way of and maintenance on behalf of what was well nearly 55,000 separate drinking water plants. understood to be critical to both our economy One of the more remarkable aspects of infra- and national security. Our infrastructure’s his- structure is how little we think about it. Hardly tory is thus composed not just of invention, en- anyone grasps that infrastructure is to a society gineering and construction, but also of finance, what the circulatory system is to a human body: management and planning. It reflects a synergy a series of vital, interwoven transmission belts for of action between a variety of players from the moving not just things but also people, services market economy and in government at the mu- and ideas. We think even less about the history nicipal, county, state and Federal levels. of this vast circulatory system as an expression These days, Americans are noticing infra- of our political culture. America’s power, water structure more than usual, and at least some are and transportation infrastructures have long trying to think about it—because it’s failing, been correctly regarded as marvels of the mod- with disturbing consequences. The American ern age. More important, perhaps, is that in a Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) generously awarded it, in its 2009 Report Card for America’s Mark Gerencser, co-author of the bestselling book Infrastructure, an overall grade of D. This is not Megacommunities, leads Booz Allen Hamilton’s only a problem because the U.S. military counts Infrastructure Center of Excellence. on our infrastructure as part of its increasingly 34 THE AMERIC A N IN T ERES T complex and far-flung global supply chains, More than a quarter of the nation’s bridges but also because America’s economy can only are structurally deficient, and by every measure grow if those infrastructures allow it. Studies the quality of highways and roads continues to have shown, for example, that a 30 percent in- decline. Transportation congestion has wors- crease in air passenger volume in just one region ened to the point that Americans now spend of our country could create more than 50,000 some 4.2 billion hours a year in traffic delays. new jobs.1 Total fuel wasted on the road has climbed from Many observers attribute our infrastructure 1.7 billion gallons in 1995 to 2.9 billion gallons deficit mainly to inadequate government fund- in 2005. Drinking water systems in dozens of ing, which has left us with crumbling bridges major metropolitan areas are contaminated, and a dearth of the cutting-edge technologies corroded water pipes leak as many as seven bil- needed to meet the challenges of the future.
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