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Walisson Pereira Fernandes.Pdf PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC - SP Walisson Pereira Fernandes Straight edge : uma genealogia das condutas na encruzilhada do punk. Mestrado em Política São Paulo 2015 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC - SP Walisson Pereira Fernandes Straight edge : uma genealogia das condutas na encruzilhada do punk. Mestrado em Política Dissertação apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção de título de Mestre em Política, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Edson Passetti. São Paulo 2015 __________________________ __________________________ __________________________ A alguém especial. Resumo Straight edge é a palavra utilizada para descrever os sujeitos que, em suas vidas cotidianas, aliam-se ao punk de modo a não utilizarem substâncias consideradas viciantes, como álcool, tabaco e psicoativos. Seus começos derivam do final da década de 1970 e começo da década de 1980 nos Estados Unidos. No entanto, a análise genealógica de suas práticas atravessa os séculos, remontando aos movimentos abstêmios dos Estados Unidos e da Inglaterra entre os séculos XIX e XX e seu lastro na formação da moral, infundindo na elaboração de políticas que determinariam condutas. Com o surgimento do punk na década de 1970 como crítica aos moralismos, à sociedade e ao Estado, o straight edge emerge neste contexto trazendo uma higienização do punk e, com o passar dos anos, se tornou mais violento e reducionista, desvinculando-se de sua protoforma e vertendo novos meios para se construir e se solidificar. O straight edge aproximou-se dos movimentos ambientalistas, procurando elencar aspectos anarquistas em sua prática, mas reiterou apenas outras formas políticas que vinculam-se mais a progressismos que, de fato, aos anarquismos. Neste intento, vários straight edge rs que procuraram os anarquismos como forma de vida, romperam com o straight edge para dar prosseguimento a sua trajetória libertária, e mantiveram, ao mesmo tempo, as práticas abstêmias sem o uso da nomenclatura que os identificava anteriormente. No Brasil, semelhantemente ao ocorrido nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, a intensificação da cena straight edge trouxe, ainda, o irrompimento de células anarquistas para a construção de um grupo de orientação vegana apropriando-se de uma nomenclatura anarquista para sua consolidação entre jovens libertários, causando não apenas a balbúrdia entre seus pares, mas capturas dos anarquismos e do punk. Palavras-chave: Temperança, Straight edge , Ambientalismo, Punk, Anarquismos. Abstract Straight edge is the word used to describe persons who, in their everyday lives, are allied to the punk to not use substances considered addictive as alcohol, tobacco and psychoactive. Its beginnings derive from the late 1970s and early 1980s in the United States. However, the genealogical analysis of their practices through the centuries, going back to abstainers movements of the United States and England between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and its ballast in the formation of moral, instilling in policy that determine behavior. With the emergence of punk in the 1970s as criticism of moralism, society and the state, the straight edge emerges in this context bringing a punk hygiene and, over the years, has become more violent and reductionist, emancipating itself from protoform and pouring a new ways to build and to solidify. The straight edge approached the environmental movements, looking to list anarchist aspects in their practice, but only reiterated other political forms that are linked more to progressivism that, in fact, to anarchism. In this purpose, several straight edgers who sought anarchism as a way of life, broke with the straight edge to proceed their libertarian path, and kept at the same time, the practical abstainers without the use of the nomenclature that identified previously. In Brazil, similar to what happened in the United States and Europe, the intensification of the straight edge scene brought also the anarchist cells of eruption for the construction of a group of vegan orientation appropriating an anarchist nomenclature for its consolidation among young libertarians causing not only the bedlam among their peers, but catches of anarchism and punk. Keywords: Temperance, Straight edge , Environmentalism, Punk, Anarchism. Agradecimentos Edson Passetti, por quem nutro profunda admiração e respeito, pela amizade e bravíssimo empenho em manter-me atinado às minúcias. Aos meus pais Elias e Rute e ao meu irmão Rômulo, cuja esperança em minha pessoa levou-me a alçar voos mais distantes. Patrícia, minha companheira em tudo, pelo amor, força e apoio necessários. Ao Luiz e ao Marco, por uma amizade e intelectualidade que não mostram fronteiras. Ao Bill, pela graça de ser alguém tão especial. Fabiano, Marcelo, Tiago Punk, Flávio Trutão, Márcia, Pira, Josimas, Vinícius, Pecê, Lalo e à todos os punxs que, além da amizade, promoveram discussões que em muito contribuíram para que essa pesquisa não cometesse os equívocos mais grotescos. A companheirxs como Angélica, Fernanda, Bárbara, Fabiane, Marcos, Tatiana, Cynthia e Augusto pela presença constante e apoio em muitos momentos. Ao triunvirato Alexandre, Thiago e Théo, os quais tive a honra de aprofundar as discussões sobre o cotidiano, a vida e a política. Dona Fátima pela confiança e simplicidade. Edgar, Jéssica, Anderson, Evelyn e Nícolas pelos indispensáveis momentos felizes. À Sofia, minha pequena corinthiana, por trazer vida e alegria em meu coração. Às noites solitárias de chimarrão e cigarro de palha. Acácio Augusto e Rafael Araújo pela atenção e sugestões na banca de qualificação. À PUC SP pela acolhida e ao CNPQ pela bolsa que possibilitou esta pesquisa. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1: litografia intitulada The Drunkard’s Progress, de Nathaniel Currier, Nova York, 1846. ...................................................... 35 Figura 2: apresentação da Ball Haye Green Band of Hope em Leek, Inglaterra. Leek Museum:Staffordshire Moorlands District Council, 1907. ............................................................................... 42 Figura 3: WCTU, EUA, 1907. .................................................................. 55 Figura 4: New York State Inebriate Asylum, 1870. ............................... 67 Figura 5: CRASS, do disco Penys Envy, 1981. ....................................... 93 Figura 6: capa do disco Minor Disturbance, da banda Teen Idles, 1980. ...................................................................................... 101 Figura 7: Boston Crew. Foto de Phill N Flash, 1981. ........................... 111 Figura 8: Coletânea P.E.A.C.E./War, Radical Records, 1984. ........... 131 Figura 9: Elgin James, líder da crew FSU. ........................................... 136 Figura 10: Capas dos discos “Hardline” (1990), da Vegan Reich, e “Prepare for Battle” (1990), da Statement. ................ 148 Figura 11: Capa do disco “Raise Your Head”, da banda Personal Choice, 1995. ............................................................................ 163 Figura 12: Capa do disco “Centelha”, da banda Point of No Return, 2000. ...................................................................................... 165 Figura 13: Cartazes da Verdurada, jan/2010, out/2011 e mar/1999 respectivamente. ...................................................................................... 177 Figura 14: Zine Revanche, n°1, s.d.. ...................................................... 180 Figura 15: Zines straight edge “Político e Ideológico”, 1998 e xMassiveAttackx, 2000............................................................................ 194 Figura 16: Capa do cd Judgment Day, da banda xPurificationx, 2003. ............................................................................... 200 Figura 17: fluxo entre punk e straight edge, anarquismo e renovação conservadora. ........................................................................ 208 Figura 18: esquema de posições políticas e tensões entre straight edgers. ........................................................................................ 211 Figura 19: Capa do panfleto Anarchy & Alcohol, Crimethinc, 2003. 232 Figura 20: Frente de Libertação Animal. São Paulo, 2014. ................ 244 SUMÁRIO apresentação .............................................................................................. 21 álcool, tabaco e proibições: proveniências dos séculos XIX e XX ........ 29 o fomento do ideal abstêmio: Estados Unidos e Inglaterra ............................................ 30 a sociedade civil contra o álcool: organizações e desdobramentos ................................ 36 o alcance das mulheres e dos jovens .............................................................................. 49 Spooner - a crítica liberal libertarianista......................................................................... 58 reformatórios, asilos e tratamentos: a cura dos incuráveis ............................................. 66 moral cristã e hardcore: do punk ao straight edge ................................. 73 continuidades do controle: o deslocamento da proibição nos rumos do estabelecimento da moral ............................................................................................... 74 imperialismo do universal e o entrave moral: punks e contestações .............................. 83 entrave moral: os punks, as contestações e o Crass ........................................................ 88 a conduta straight
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