NHSGGC Health and Wellbeing Survey

Volunteering Cross-sectional Analysis: Caring Responsibilities

Debbie Maltman & Matthew Linning Volunteer Scotland, Research and Evaluation

www.volunteerscotland.org.uk @VolScot Contents Page

Section Slide 1. Research Overview 3 2. Survey Fields for Caring responsibilities 14 3. Caring Responsibilities 16 4. Weekly hours of care provided 23 5. Summary Highlights 26 6. Appendices 29

2 1. Research Overview

3 1. Research overview. • This presentation is one of a series of presentations that analyses volunteer participation in Greater Glasgow and Clyde using the 2017/2018 NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health and Wellbeing survey.

Cross-sectional presentation topics Health and Wellbeing Community Engagement and Social Capital

Social Action Demographics Social isolation and loneliness Caring responsibilities Deprivation

• This presentation cross-tabulates a number of caring responsibility fields with volunteering.

4 1. Research overview. • Currently Volunteer Scotland’s primary data source for the analysis of volunteering evidence in Scotland is the Scottish Household Survey (SHS). • The SHS has an (unweighted) sample size of 9,400 which allows for analysis of participation rates in Scotland across several dimensions, e.g. demographics such as age, gender, Scottish index of multiple deprivation, income levels, educational levels, religion and ethnicity. • While the SHS allows for analysis at a Scotland-wide level the analysis of geographical areas within Scotland is problematic due to the small sample sizes that the SHS provides for the 32 local authorities in Scotland. Table 1 below shows the SHS sample sizes for the 6 local authorities in the Greater Glasgow and Clyde area between 2013 and 2017.

SHS LA Sample Sizes 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 West Dunbartonshire 265 163 238 287 162 East Dunbartonshire 249 194 234 255 194 East Renfrewshire 252 163 258 233 159 Glasgow City 907 1,108 809 803 1,117 Inverclyde 251 149 270 239 145 Renfrewshire 268 319 286 273 316 Total 2,192 2,096 2,095 2,090 2,093

Table 1 - SHS unweighted random adult LA sample sizes in Greater Glasgow and Clyde 2013-2017. Source SHS 2013 -2017.

5 1. Research overview. • Small sample sizes for each of the local authorities leads to high variability in the participation rates and statistical difficulties in analysing sub-demographic groups e.g. age ranges and less robust statistical results where analysis is possible. • Table 2 below shows the variability in participation rates for Greater Glasgow and Clyde local authorities from 2013 to 2017. Participation Rates 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Glasgow City 21% 20% 20% 23% 21% East Dunbartonshire 35% 36% 31% 21% 34% East Renfrewshire 33% 31% 30% 29% 28% Inverclyde 28% 25% 21% 25% 25% Renfrewshire 26% 26% 22% 31% 27% West Dunbartonshire 23% 15% 18% 14% 16% SHS Scotland 28% 27% 27% 27% 28%

Table 2 - SHS volunteer participation rates Greater Glasgow and Clyde 2013-2017. Source SHS 2013 -2017. • In contrast to the variability in local authority participation rates, overall Scottish participation rates were relatively stable at between 27% and 28% during the same

6 1. Research overview. • The Health & Wellbeing Survey from NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHSGGC) has a substantially larger sample size (7,758) than SHS for the Greater Glasgow and Clyde area (2,094), which allows for a more robust and detailed analysis of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde overall as well as a multilayered analysis of:

• Four ‘Geographical Areas’ (GAs) - East Dunbartonshire, Inverclyde, Renfrewshire and Glasgow City local authority areas. The GAs selected for analysis all have a boosted sample, which ensure that the sample is demographically representative of the area in terms of household size, age, gender and deprivation. As West Dunbartonshire and East Renfrewshire do not have a boosted sample, the sample sizes are too small to allow for a detailed individual analysis of these areas. • Three Glasgow City HSCP Localities (Glasgow South, Glasgow North East and Glasgow North West • Four ‘Thriving Places’ (TPs) within Glasgow City (Govanhill, Greater Gorbals, Parkhead / Dalmarnock and Ruchill / Possilpark) and 1 control area (Ruchazie / Garthamlock ).

7 1. Research overview. A detailed analysis of volunteering within NHSGGC provides a unique opportunity for Volunteer Scotland to:

• Provide greater insights into how volunteering in Greater Glasgow and Clyde compares to overall volunteering in Scotland (SHS data).

• Analyse variations in volunteering participation rates within Greater Glasgow and Clyde.

• Allow new insights into volunteering in some of Scotland’s most deprived areas. Analysing Glasgow City where many areas are in the 15% most deprived areas in Scotland, and the Thriving Places in Greater Glasgow and Clyde where the population mainly reside in the most deprived areas, will provide insights into deprivation at a city and locality level.

8 1. Research overview. • The caring responsibilities’ fields selected for analysis builds on recent findings from the SHS which found that those with a caring responsibility have higher than average volunteer participation rates. Analysis of caring responsibilities from the NHSGGC data set will allow us to confirm if the findings from the SHS are mirrored in NHSGGC and some of the most deprived communities in Scotland.

• The analysis of the SHS allowed two aspects of volunteering and caring responsibilities to be considered:

• Whether the participation rates for adults with a caring responsibility for a relative are higher or lower than the national average (27%).

• If the amount of time given to caring responsibilities (on a weekly basis) has an impact on volunteer participation rates.

• This presentation analyses data for both SHS and NHSGGC data in 2 ways:

• The percentage of adults with a caring responsibility.

• The variation in volunteering participation rates between those with caring responsibilities and those without any caring responsibilities. 9 1. Research overview

• For each of the fields, the data is analysed as follows: SHS Overall NHSGGC

4 Geographical SIMD Q* Areas 3 Glasgow City Localities

4 Thriving Places + 1 control area (Ruchazie / Garthamlock) * SIMD Q - Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation Quintiles (SIMD Q). SIMD Q ranks areas in Scotland on a scale of: 1 - Most deprived 20% of the population; to 5 - Least deprived 20% of the population.

• The relationship between caring responsibilities and volunteer participation is statistically significant in all geographical areas, all city localities and all thriving places. 10 1. Research Overview - NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde

11 1. Research Overview - Glasgow City SIMD- Most Deprived 20%

Yellow circle show the data zones that make up the thriving places. 12 1. Research overview. • This presentation focuses exclusively on Formal Volunteering – defined as “……. Giving up time to help any groups, clubs or organisations in an unpaid capacity” that individuals have undertaken at least once in the past 12 months. The wording of the SHS and NHSGGC question on volunteering is identical, allowing for comparisons to be made between the evidence from the two datasets. • It is important to note that correlation between the fields analysed and volunteering does not imply causation. Where we see a relationship between the variables this does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. For example a correlation between adults with a caring responsibility and volunteering does not mean that volunteering causes increased caring responsibilities. Instead, it may be that those that have caring responsibilities are attracted into volunteering. We just don’t know.

13 2. Survey Fields for Caring Responsibilities

14 2. Survey fields for Caring Responsibilities. The fields selected for analysis of ‘caring responsibilities’ are: SHS question NHSGGC H&W survey question Response Categories

p2ccq1 - Apart from Q43 – Do you look after or give any regular Responses are given as Yes and No responses. anything you do as part of help or support to family members, friends, paid employment, do you neighbours or others because of long-term look after, or give any physical or mental ill-health or disability, or regular help or support to problems related to old age? Exclude any family members? caring that is done as part of any paid employment or formal volunteering. p2ccq2 - In total, how many Responses are given in the following categories: hours each week A - up to 4 hours a week approximately do you spend B - 5 - 19 hours a week providing any regular help or C - 20 - 34 hours a week support? D - 35 - 49 hours a week E - 50 or more hours a week or continuous care F – Varies

For the analysis in this presentation categories are reduced to 5 by combining categories C+D (20-49 hours) and leaving all others as separate categories.

Sources: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016 & NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey 15 3. Caring Responsibilities

16 Caring Responsibilities – Scottish Population Caring responsibilities Volunteering participation and Caring 45% responsibilities 90% 81% 40% 39% 80%

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SIMD Q1 has a higher percentage of adults with a caring The participation rates for SIMD Q1 and Q2 are below the Scottish responsibility than the Scottish average (2% higher), while all other average participation rate for adults with caring responsibilities (10% quintiles have a percentage equal to or 1% less than the national and 5% respectively). However, their participation rates are higher average. (11% and 12% respectively) than their overall Scottish quintile average. Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016 18 Caring Responsibilities – NHSGGC Overall Caring responsibilities Volunteer participation and Caring responsibilities 100% 35% 90% 86% 31% 30%

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14% of adults in NHSGGC give help or support to others because of Participation rates are: long term physical, mental ill health , disability or problems related • 13% higher for adults with a caring responsibility. to age, which is 5% below the percentage of adults with caring responsibilities in the SHS (19%). • 2% lower for adults without any caring responsibilities.

Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey 19 Caring Responsibilities – Geographical Areas Caring responsibilites 60% Volunteer participation and Caring responsibilites 100% 88% 86% 87% 86% 50%

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Renfrewshire has a higher percentage of adults with a caring • Higher than the overall geographical area average for adults with responsibility than the NHSGGC average (2% higher). a caring responsibility, 30% higher in East Dunbartonshire, 14% higher in Glasgow city, 13% higher in Inverclyde and 7% higher in Renfrewshire. • Below the overall geographical area average for adults with no Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey caring responsibilities. 20 Caring Responsibilities – Glasgow City Localities Caring responsibilities Volunteer participation and Caring responsibilities 100% 50% 90% NHSGGC 89% NHSGGC Average 86% 45% Average 85% HSCP Average

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n u 17% l 13% 20% 15% o 10% 14% V 10% 11% 5% 0% 0% Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow Glasgow North East North West South North East North West South North East North West South North East North West South Caring responsibilities No caring responsibilities Caring responsibilities No caring responsibilities Participation rates are: Glasgow North West and Glasgow South have a higher percentage of adults with a caring responsibility than the NHSGGC average (1% and • Higher than the overall Glasgow city locality average for adults 3% higher respectively). with a caring responsibility, 17% higher in Glasgow North East, 14% higher in Glasgow North West and 10% in Glasgow south. • Lower than the overall Glasgow city locality average for adults Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey without a caring responsibility. 21 Caring Responsibilities – Thriving Places

Caring responsibilities Volunteer participation and Caring responsibilities 100% 40% 88% 90% 90% NHSGGC 85% 88% 89% 34% NHSGGC Average

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Only the control area, Ruchazie / Garthamlock has a higher Participation rates follow the overall Scottish and NHSGGC trend, with percentage of adults with a caring responsibility than the NHSGGC higher than average participation rates for adults with a caring average, 1% higher. responsibility and below average for adults without a caring responsibility for all thriving place. The exception to this is the control area Ruchazie / Garthamlock, where the relationship is not statistically significant. Source: NHSGGC 2017/2018 Health & Wellbeing survey 22 4. Weekly hours of care provided

23 Weekly hours of care provided – Scottish Population Volunteer Participation and Weekly hours of caring help or support Weekly hours of caring help or support 50% 45% 42% 45% 43% 42% 40% 40%

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u l o 10% 10% 8% V 0.15 0.08 0.04 0.36 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.02 0.03 0.06 5% Million Million Million 5% Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Adults Adults Adults Adults Adults Adults Adults 0% Adults Adults Adults 0% Up to 4 Up to 19 20 - 49 hours 50 + hours F - Varies Up to 4 5 - 19 hours 20 - 49 hours 50 + hours F - Varies hours hours hours Participation rates are: 42% of adults providing care or support to a family member provide • 16% higher than the Scottish average for adults providing up to 4 hours of up to 4 hours of care or support each week, while 14% provide over weekly help or support to a family member. 50 hours or care or support weekly. • 1% higher than the Scottish average for adults providing over 50 hours of weekly help or support to a family member. The participation rates for hours of care excludes those not providing care who Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016 have a below average (25%) participation rate 24 Weekly hours of care provided – SIMD Q Volunteer participation and Weekly hours of caring help or 60% Weekly hours of caring help or support 50% support 53% Scottish average 44% SIMD Q Average 50% 48% 45% 43% 42% Scottish average

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SIMD Q1 and Q2 have a higher percent of adults providing 20-49 The relationship between hours of caring help and volunteer participation is only hours of care (1% higher) and 50+ hours of care than the national statistically significant in SIMD Q1 and Q2. average (4% and 6% higher respectively). The participation rates for SIMD Q1 are below the Scottish average participation rate for all categories of weekly hours of care. However the participation rates are higher than the SIMD Q1 average for all categories except where the weekly hours of care varies. Source: Scottish Household Survey (SHS) 2016 25 5. Summary Highlights

26 Summary highlights

In Scotland volunteer participation rates are 12% higher than the Scottish average (27%) for adults who look after, or give any regular help or support to family members, friends, neighbours or others because of either long-term physical / mental ill-health / disability, while in NHSGGC the volunteer participation rates are 13% higher than the NHSGGC average (18%). This is mirrored in each of the NHSGGC local authority areas, Glasgow City Localities and all thriving place, as shown in the table below: Caring Responsibility Yes No Geographic Area Overall Yes - caring Difference Overall No - caring Difference average responsibility average responsibility participati participation participati participation on rate rate on rate rate

East Dunbartonshire 20% 50% 30% 20% 16% -4% Inverclyde 15% 28% 13% 15% 13% -2% Glasgow City 20% 34% 14% 20% 18% -2% Renfrewshire 10% 17% 7% 10% 9% -1% Glasgow City Localities Glasgow South 23% 33% 10% 23% 21% -2% Glasgow North East 15% 32% 17% 15% 13% -2% Glasgow North West 22% 36% 14% 22% 20% -2% Neighbourhoods Ruchazie/Garthamlock 14% 14% 0% 14% 14% 0% (Control Area) Govanhill 13% 21% 8% 13% 12% -1% Greater Gorbals 17% 34% 17% 17% 15% -2% Parkhead/Dalmarnock 12% 29% 17% 12% 10% -2% Ruchill/Possilpark 15% 30% 15% 15% 12% -3%

Overall this tells us that more Scottish and NHSGGC adults volunteer when they provide care or support. From this data we cannot confirm if having caring responsibilities causes increased volunteer participation, but we do see a strong relationship between caring responsibilities and volunteering.

27 Summary highlights

From the SHS data we can see that SIMD Q1 (the 20% most deprived areas in Scotland), has a higher percentage of adults providing care or support (21% vs 19% for Scotland as a whole). In NHSGGC we can break the data down into smaller geographical areas. This shows that Renfrewshire, Glasgow North West, Glasgow South and Ruchazie / Garthamlock have a higher percentage of adults with a caring responsibility, all of which have a high percentage of adults living in SIMD Q1.

The SHS data provides additional insights on the relationship between volunteer participation and the number of hours of care provided. • Participation rates are higher for all categories of weekly time given: • Up to 4 hours – 16% higher • 5 - 19 hours – 15% higher • 20 – 49 hours – 5% higher • 50+ hours – 1% higher • Varying weekly hours – 7% higher • SIMD Q1 (the 20% most deprived areas in Scotland), has a higher percentage of adults providing the highest levels of care: • 20-49 hours per week – 9% of adults in SIMD Q1 compared to 8% for the whole of Scotland • 50+ hours weekly – 18% of adults in SIMD Q1 compared to 14% for the whole of Scotland (the equivalent figures for SIMD Q2 are 20% vs. 14%).

28 6. Appendices

29 Appendix 1 – Sample Size and Participation rates

30 Appendix 2 – Deprivation profiles SIMD Q

2017/18 Volunteer Participation % of adult population living in SIMD Q Rate Geographic Area SIMD Q1 SIMD Q2 SIMD Q3 SIMD Q4 SIMD Q5 % East Dunbartonshire 5% 18% 8% 15% 54% 20% Inverclyde 44% 12% 15% 17% 13% 15% Renfrewshire 27% 16% 20% 15% 23% 10% Glasgow City 46% 17% 17% 8% 11% 20% Glasgow City Localities Glasgow South 41% 25% 19% 5% 11% 23% Glasgow North East 62% 13% 15% 10% 0% 15% Glasgow North West 39% 13% 17% 10% 21% 22% Neighbourhoods Ruchazie/Garthamlock 77% 23% 14% (Control Area) Govanhill 71% 29% 13% Greater Gorbals 75% 25% 17% Parkhead/Dalmarnock 90% 10% 12% Ruchill/Possilpark 76% 24% 15% NHSGGC Overall 35% 17% 16% 11% 21% 18% Scotland 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% 27% 31