DOCSLIB.ORG

Taxonomic Revision of <I>Ustilago</I>

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Taxonomic Revision of <I>Ustilago</I> Persoonia 29, 2012: 116–132 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158512X661462 Taxonomic revision of Ustilago, Sporisorium and Macalpinomyces A.R. McTaggart1,2,3,5, R.G. Shivas1,2, A.D.W. Geering1,2,5, K. Vánky4, T. Scharaschkin1,3 Key words Abstract Morphological characters within the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex are defined explicitly. The genera Sporisorium and Anthracocystis are emended to reflect morphological synapomorphies. smut fungi Three new genera, Langdonia, Stollia and Triodiomyces are described based on soral synapomorphies and host systematics classification. The new classification of the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex incorporates 142 new taxonomy taxonomic combinations. Ustilaginaceae Ustilaginomycotina Article info Received: 18 May 2012; Accepted: 9 October 2012; Published: 17 December 2012. INTRODUCTION genera, Langdonia, Stollia and Triodiomyces are proposed to accommodate newly resolved clades (Fig. 1). The three genera of smut fungi, Ustilago, Sporisorium and Ma- calpinomyces, form a complex that has eluded resolution by Definitions of soral characters in the morphology (Langdon & Fullerton 1975, Vánky 1991, Piepen- Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex bring et al. 1998) and molecular phylogenetic analysis (Stoll The interpretation of soral morphology is inconsistent for many et al. 2003, 2005). Two suggestions to reconcile the taxonomy descriptions of smut species. For example, Sporisorium cons- of the complex have been proposed. The first was to break up anguineum, Macalpinomyces spermophorus and M. viridans the current taxa into several smaller genera and subgenera, were described with columellae, but these structures are not and the second to unify the three genera into a single genus, homologous with columellae in Sporisorium s.str. (McTaggart et Ustilago (Vánky 2002, Piepenbring 2004). The former solu- al. 2012a). Soral characters need accurate definition to prevent tion is dependent on finding morphological synapomorphies misinterpretation. that can delimit the genera, and the latter solution dismisses the wide morphological diversity within the group (McTaggart Columellae et al. 2012b). A columella is defined as a structure formed by both fungal and Synapomorphic morphological characters and host plant clas- host material, which proliferates after hyphal-induced growth sification delimited clades in the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpi- of the host meristem, and connects the sorus to the host. The nomyces complex (McTaggart et al. 2012a). The current study columella is invariably the same length or slightly shorter than defines these synapomorphic characters and proposes a new the length of the sorus. There are two types of true columellae classification for many species currently placed in Ustilago, within the complex. Stout columellae are a synapomorphy for Sporisorium and Macalpinomyces. This approach preserves Sporisorium s.str. (Clade 1), and filiform, flexuous columellae the well-known genera Ustilago, Sporisorium and Macalpino- are a synapomorphy for Anthracocystis (Clade 4) (McTaggart myces, and enables the classification to reflect morphological et al. 2012a). The non-homologous columella-like structures diversity in the complex. found in other clades have different origins and do not satisfy the definition of columellae. In particular, care should be taken PHYLOGENY not to confuse the columella with remnants of the inflorescence, such as in Ustilago drakensbergiana. Phylogenetic analyses resolved eight clades within the Usti- lago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex (McTaggart et Sterile cells al. 2012a). Six of the clades had unique morphology or host Sterile cells are defined as the cells formed from partitioning characters. Sporisorium and Anomalomyces were accepted non-sporogenous hyphae within the sorus. Sterile cells are genera. Here Anthracocystis is reinstated, and three new an apomorphic character of the complex and were present in Macalpinomyces eriachnes, Anomalomyces panici, and Clades 1 Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, GPO Box 5012, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; 1, 2, 3, 7 and 8 (McTaggart et al. 2012a). Sterile cells also occur corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]. in other groups of smut fungi, including Tilletia in the Exobasidio 2 Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, mycetes, and are not a valuable character for higher levels of GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. classification. Cells found in the peridium are not formed from 3 EEBS, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. partitioning hyphae and are referred to as peridial cells. Peridial 4 Herbarium Ustilaginales Vánky (HUV), Gabriel-Biel-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübin- cells are generally irregular and in chains, and are only found gen, Germany. in taxa with a fungal derived peridium. 5 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland Sterile cells formed from non-sporogenous hyphae within the 4001, Australia. sorus are a useful character for delimitation of genera within © 2012 Nationaal Herbarium Nederland & Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non-commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No derivative works: You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. A.R. McTaggart et al.: Taxonomic revision of Ustilago, Sporisorium and Macalpinomyces 117 Moesziomyces bullatus Macalpinomyces eriachnes 100/100 Lan. aristidicola Lan. fraseriana Lan. confusa Langdonia 1.0 Lan. aristidae /78 Mac. eragrostiellae Spo. veracruzianum Mac. spermophorus Ustilago austroafricana 97/92 Mac. viridans Ust. ixophori Mac. neglectus CLADE 7 1.0 Ust. crameri Spo. panici Ust. affinis Ust. drakensbergiana Ust. syntherismae Ust. echinata Melanopsichium pennsylvanicum Ustilago esculenta sub-clade Ust. esculenta Ust. schmidtiae Ust. tragana 89/96 Spo. aegyptiacum /75 Spo. modestum Ustilago davisii Ust. filiformis sub-clade Ust. davisii Ust. schroeteriana Ust. trichophora Ust. nuda Ust. avenae Ust. hordei CLADE 6 Ust. phrygica Ust. tritici Ust. bullata Ustilago 84/97 Ust. pamirica Ust. turcomanica sensu stricto 0.96 Ust. bromivora sub-clade Ust. calamagrostidis Ust. striiformis Ust. sporoboli-indici 0.96 Ust. cynodontis Ust. sparsa Ust. xerochloae 80/87 Tri. lituana Tri. triodiae Tri. altilis Triodiomyces 0.99 Tri. inaltilis Anomalomyces panici Ant. mexicana Ant. provinciale Ant. elionuri Ant. loudetiae-pedicellatae Ant. bothriochloae Ant. apludae Ant. abscondita Ant. cymbopogonis-bombycini Ant. heteropogonicola Ant. everhartii Ant. apludae-aristatae Ant. sehimatis Ant. anthistiriae Ant. mutabile Ant. trispicatae Ant. hwangense 85/90 Ant. chrysopogonis Ant. themedae-arguentis Anthracocystis 1.0 Ant. polliniae Ant. caledonica Ant. setariae Ant. whiteochloae Ant. cenchri-elymoidis Ant. xerofasciculata Ant. penniseti Ant. anthracoideispora Ant. enteromorpha Ant. ovaria Ant. cenchri Ant. panici-leucophaei Ant. destruens Ant. formosana Ant. fallax Ant. tumefaciens 81/95 Stollia bursa Stollia 0.96 Stollia ewartii Ust. bouriquetii /84 Ust. maydis Mac. mackinlayi Mac. arundinellae-setosae Ust. vetiveriae CLADE 2 Spo. trachypogonis 100/99 Mac. simplex Systemic Mac. trichopterygis group 1.0 Mac. tristachyae Spo. scitamineum Spo. nealii Spo. andropogonis Spo. occidentale Spo. tenue Spo. holwayi Spo. lanigeri Spo. vermiculum Spo. queenslandicum Spo. trachypogonicola Spo. vanderystii Spo. paspali Spo. porosum Spo. rarum Spo. ryleyi Spo. wynaadense Spo. erythraeense Spo. doidgeae 90/92 Spo. pulverulentum Sporisorium Spo. cruentum sensu stricto 1.0 Spo. moniliferum Spo. sorghi Spo. foveolati Spo. nervosum Spo. mitchellii Spo. iseilematis-ciliati Spo. culmiperdum Spo. spinulosum Spo. dimeriae-ornithopodae Spo. lepturi Spo. monakai Spo. manilense Spo. arthraxonis Spo. lacrymae-jobi Spo. pseudechinolaenae Spo. ophiuri Spo. reilianum Spo. fastigiatum Fig. 1 Phylogram obtained from a phylogenetic analysis by McTaggart et al. (2012a). Maximum likelihood support values (> 70 %) from RAxML 1 000 boot- strap replicates and PhyML aRLT values shown above the nodes. Posterior probabilities (> 0.95) from Bayesian inference shown below the nodes. Resolved genera within the complex are listed on the right hand side. Unresolved clades are numbered according to McTaggart et al. (2012a). Type species of known genera are in bold. 118 Persoonia – Volume 29, 2012 the Ustilago-Sporisorium-Macalpinomyces complex. Taxa that Challinor, A.D.W. Geering, M.D.E. & R.G. Shivas, BRIP 51811; Western lack sterile cells occur in two monophyletic groups, namely Australia, Kununurra, Mulligan Lagoon Road, Sorghum timorense, 9 Apr. Anthracocystis and the subgroup, Ustilago s.str. (McTaggart 2008, A.R. McTaggart, V.L. Challinor, A.D.W. Geering,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Grass Genera in Townsville
    Grass Genera in Townsville Nanette B. Hooker Photographs by Chris Gardiner SCHOOL OF MARINE and TROPICAL BIOLOGY JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY TOWNSVILLE QUEENSLAND James Cook University 2012 GRASSES OF THE TOWNSVILLE AREA Welcome to the grasses of the Townsville area. The genera covered in this treatment are those found in the lowland areas around Townsville as far north as Bluewater, south to Alligator Creek and west to the base of Hervey’s Range. Most of these genera will also be found in neighbouring areas although some genera not included may occur in specific habitats. The aim of this book is to provide a description of the grass genera as well as a list of species. The grasses belong to a very widespread and large family called the Poaceae. The original family name Gramineae is used in some publications, in Australia the preferred family name is Poaceae. It is one of the largest flowering plant families of the world, comprising more than 700 genera, and more than 10,000 species. In Australia there are over 1300 species including non-native grasses. In the Townsville area there are more than 220 grass species. The grasses have highly modified flowers arranged in a variety of ways. Because they are highly modified and specialized, there are also many new terms used to describe the various features. Hence there is a lot of terminology that chiefly applies to grasses, but some terms are used also in the sedge family. The basic unit of the grass inflorescence (The flowering part) is the spikelet. The spikelet consists of 1-2 basal glumes (bracts at the base) that subtend 1-many florets or flowers.
    [Show full text]
  • Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q a Records
    Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants monocots Poaceae Paspalidium rarum C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Aristida latifolia feathertop wiregrass C 3/3 plants monocots Poaceae Aristida lazaridis C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Astrebla pectinata barley mitchell grass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Cenchrus setigerus Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Echinochloa colona awnless barnyard grass Y 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Aristida polyclados C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Cymbopogon ambiguus lemon grass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Digitaria ctenantha C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Enteropogon ramosus C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Enneapogon avenaceus C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eragrostis tenellula delicate lovegrass C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Urochloa praetervisa C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Heteropogon contortus black speargrass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Iseilema membranaceum small flinders grass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Bothriochloa ewartiana desert bluegrass C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Brachyachne convergens common native couch C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Enneapogon lindleyanus C 3/3 plants monocots Poaceae Enneapogon polyphyllus leafy nineawn C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Sporobolus actinocladus katoora grass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Cenchrus pennisetiformis Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Sporobolus australasicus C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eriachne pulchella subsp. dominii C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Dichanthium sericeum subsp. humilius C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Digitaria divaricatissima var. divaricatissima C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eriachne mucronata forma (Alpha C.E.Hubbard 7882) C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Sehima nervosum C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eulalia aurea silky browntop C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Chloris virgata feathertop rhodes grass Y 1/1 CODES I - Y indicates that the taxon is introduced to Queensland and has naturalised.
    [Show full text]
  • DRAFT 25/10/90; Plant List Updated Oct. 1992; Notes Added June 2021
    DRAFT 25/10/90; plant list updated Oct. 1992; notes added June 2021. PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE CONSERVATION VALUES OF OPEN COUNTRY PADDOCK, BOOLARDY STATION Allan H. Burbidge and J.K. Rolfe INTRODUCTION Boolardy Station is situated about 150 km north of Yalgoo and 140 km west-north-west of Cue, in the Shire of Murchison, Western Australia. Open Country Paddock (about 16 000 ha) is in the south-east corner of the station, at 27o05'S, 116o50'E. The most prominent named feature is Coolamooka Hill, near the eastern boundary of the paddock. There are no conservation reserves in this region, although there are some small reserves set aside for various other purposes. Previous biological data for the station consist of broad scale vegetation mapping and land system mapping. Beard (1976) mapped the entire Murchison region at 1: 1 000 000. The Open Country Paddock area was mapped as supporting mulga woodlands and shrublands. More detailed mapping of land system units for rangeland assessment purposes has been carried out more recently at a scale of 1: 40 000 (Payne and Curry in prep.). Seven land systems were identified in open Country Paddock (Fig. 1). Apart from these studies, no detailed biological survey work appears to have been done in the area. Open Country Paddock has been only lightly grazed by domestic stock because of the presence of Kite-leaf Poison (Gastrolobium laytonii) and a lack of fresh water. Because of this and the generally good condition of the paddock and presence of a wide range of plant species, P.J.
    [Show full text]
  • FT Fitzroy Region Plant Index
    Fitzroy Region Plant Index Common name Species name Page Angleton grass* Dichanthium aristatum cv. Floren FT01, FT02, FT05, FT11, FT13, FT16, FT19, FT23, FT29 armgrass Urochloa spp. (syn. Brachiaria FT17, FT22, FT30 spp.) balloon cottonbush Gomphocarpus physocarpus FT13 Bambasti panic* Panicum coloratum FT01, FT02, FT05, FT11, FT13, FT19, FT23 barbwire grass Cymbopogon refractus FT04, FT12, FT13, FT14, FT15, FT16, FT19, FT20, FT21, FT22, FT24, FT27, FT28, FT30 bauhinia Lysiphyllum sp. FT01, FT03, FT06, FT11, FT19, FT24, FT29 belah Casuarina cristata FT06 bellyache bush* Jatropha gossypiifolia FT09 bendee Acacia catenulata FT17 Bisset creeping bluegrass Bothriochloa insculpta see creeping bluegrass* black speargrass Heteropogon contortus FT02, FT03, FT04, FT07, FT08, FT10, FT12, FT13, FT14, FT15, FT16, FT19, FT20, FT21, FT22, FT24, FT25, FT26, FT27, FT28, FT30, FT31 black tea tree Melaleuca bracteata FT19, FT23 black wattle Acacia salicina FT19 blackbutt Eucalyptus cambageana FT04, FT16 blackdown yellow-jacket Corymbia bunites FT15 blady grass Imperata cylindrica FT08, FT10 bloodwood Corymbia clarksoniana, FT03, FT14, FT20, FT21, FT23, FT28, C. erythrophloia FT24 blue gum Eucalyptus tereticornis FT08, FT02 bonewood Macropteranthes leichhardtii FT06, FT29 boonaree Alectryon oleifolium FT19 bottletree Brachychiton rupestris FT06, FT29 Land types of Queensland - 1 - Fitzroy Region Version 3.1 Common name Species name Page bottlewasher grasses Enneapogon spp. FT02, FT04, FT12, FT14, FT15, FT17, FT19, FT20, FT21, FT22, FT23, FT24, FT25, FT28,
    [Show full text]
  • Darwin International Airport Landscape Treatments
    Darwin International Airport Landscape Treatments FINAL REPORT - 29.06.09 ISSUE E DARWIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT LANDSCAPE TREATMENTS FINAL REPORT Northern Territory Airports Pty Ltd PO Box 40996 CASUARINA NT 0811 CLOUSTON Associates Landscape Architects • Urban Designers • Landscape Planners Level 1, 1 Briggs Street • Darwin • NT 0801 PO Box 1118 • Darwin • NT 0801 Telephone (08) 8941 2450 • Facsimile (08) 8981 8230 Email • [email protected] ND609 • Issue E • 29.06.09 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title page CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 LANDSCAPE treatments summary 5 INTRODUCTION 6 LANDSCAPE TREATMENTS 7 HIGHLIGHT LANDSCAPE treatment SHOWCASE LANDSCAPE treatment STRUCTURE LANDSCAPE treatment UTILITY LANDSCAPE treatment habitat LANDSCAPE treatment APPENDIX - BANNED SPECIES list 20 DARWIN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT - LANDSCAPE TREATMENTS • ISSUE E JUNE 2009 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Darwin International Airport masterplan identifies a range of uses and functions that include airport operations, tourist development, environmental areas and commercial opportunities. These functions are supported by existing services and infrastructure. All this occurs within a landscape framework. It is recognised that the landscape development of the site is a significant factor in establishing a distinct character that reflects the overall development philosophy and objectives as described in the Masterplan. The landscape masterplan prepared by Greening Australia in 2005 established a landscape approach ‘that incorporates and builds on the strengths of the Rapid Creek catchment’s unique plant communities that include riparian monsoon forest, eucalypt woodland, melaleuca swamps and wetlands”. The resultant landscape deliberately introduces international and national visitors to the beauty and diversity of the Top End environment and associated flora. In order to provide clear direction to future works within the precinct, it has been recognised that a ‘kit of part’ comprising distinct landscape treatments is required.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Botanicals Cleansing Mousse 150Ml
    Australian Botanicals Cleansing Mousse 150ml Deeply cleanse & refresh your skin with 8 super active native extracts. Kangaroo Flower, Tasmanian Blue Gum, Snowflower, Silky Oil Grass, Mountain Pepper Berry, Kakadu Plum, Davidson Plum, Quandong & vitamin B5. The secret of healthy skin begins with the perfect deep cleanse – one that is gentle enough to use every day. SkinB5’s Australian Native Botanicals Cleansing Mousse uses botanical extracts sourced from the Australian landscape to provide a thorough cleanse that is rich in potent nutrients specially selected for acne prone skin. Featuring Vitamin B5, Green Tea and Aloe Vera, this advanced formula contains a special blend of 8 anti-acne botanicals and is ideal to use in conjunction with the skinB5 skincare range. Using the power of cellular extraction, the integrity of the ingredients’ natural molecules are suspended in a liquid matrix, allowing their benefits to be harnessed in a breakthrough product designed for everyday use. Say hello to the healthy, clear, glowing skin you deserve. No matter what your skin type, a gentle & thorough cleanse is the start of a healthy looking complexion. This advanced formula uses botanical extracts sourced from the Australian landscape to provide a soothing, non-drying cleanse that is rich in active nutrients specially selected for acne-prone skin. Benefits: • Anti-pigmentation Vitamin C • Anti-acne natural extracts • Controls skin oil • UV damage protection • Cleans & revitalises pores • Australian made. Ingredients: Water, Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside,
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Materialsupplementary Material
    Supplementary Materials 10.1071/RJ16076_AC © CSIRO 2017 Supplementary Material: Rangeland Journal, 2017, 39(1), 85–95. Assessing the invasion threat of non-native plant species in protected areas using Herbarium specimen and ecological survey data. A case study in two rangeland bioregions in Queensland Michael R. NgugiA,B and Victor John NeldnerA AQueensland Herbarium, Department of Science Information Technology and Innovation, Mt Coot- tha Road, Toowong, Qld 4066, Australia. BCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Table S1. List of native species in Cape York Peninsula and Desert Uplands bioregions Cape York Peninsula native Species Desert Uplands native Species Abelmoschus ficulneus Abelmoschus ficulneus Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. Tuberosus Abildgaardia ovata Abildgaardia ovata Abildgaardia vaginata Abildgaardia vaginata Abutilon arenarium Abrodictyum brassii Abutilon calliphyllum Abrodictyum obscurum Abutilon fraseri Abroma molle Abutilon hannii Abrophyllum ornans Abutilon leucopetalum Abrus precatorius L. subsp. precatorius Abutilon malvifolium Abutilon albescens Abutilon nobile Domin Abutilon auritum Abutilon otocarpum Abutilon micropetalum Abutilon oxycarpum Acacia armillata Abutilon oxycarpum Acacia armitii Abutilon oxycarpum var. incanum Acacia aulacocarpa Abutilon oxycarpum var. subsagittatum Acacia auriculiformis Acacia acradenia Acacia brassii Acacia adsurgens Acacia calyculata Acacia aneura F.Muell. ex Benth. var. aneura Acacia celsa Acacia aneura var. major Pedley Acacia chisholmii Acacia angusta Maiden
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Sites on Calvert Hills Station
    Summary of Sites on Calvert Hills Station May 2012 Acknowledgments Ausplots Rangelands gratefully acknowledges the support of Kit Chappell and the crew at Calvert Hills for making this work possible. Thanks also to volunteer Zhanhuan Shang who assisted with field work and the many other volunteers who have helped with data curation and sample processing. Thanks to Peter Latz and the staff from the NT Herabrium for undertaking the plant indentications. Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Accessing the Data ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Point intercept data .................................................................................................................................... 3 Plant collections .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Leaf tissue samples...................................................................................................................................... 3 Site description information ........................................................................................................................ 3 Structural summary ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sporisorium Cymbopogonis-Bombycini Sp. Nov. (Ustilaginomycetes) from Australia
    MYCOLOGIA BALCANICA 1: 163–167 (2004) 163 Sporisorium cymbopogonis-bombycini sp. nov. (Ustilaginomycetes) from Australia Roger G. Shivas * and Kálmán Vánky Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Plant Pathology Herbarium, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia Herbarium Ustilaginales Vánky (H.U.V.), Gabriel-Biel-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany Received: September 5, 2004 / Accepted: September 24, 2004 Abstract. A new smut fungus, Sporisorium cymbopogonis-bombycini, is described on the grass Cymbopogon bombycinus from Australia. Th e fourteen known smut fungi, all Sporisorium species, on Cymbopogon are enumerated with their taxonomic synonyms, host plant range and distribution. A key for identifying and diff erentiating these fungi, and a host plant – smut fungus list are given. Key words: Australia, Cymbopogon, smut fungi, Sporisorium cymbopogonis-bombycini, taxonomy, Ustilaginomycetes Introduction Sori plerumque spiculas omnes racemi eiusdem destruentes sed tantem nonnulli racemorum infl orescentiae eiusdem aff ecti, Cymbopogon Spreng., in the subfam. Panicoideae, tribe elongate-lineares, cca. 1 mm lati, usque ad 15 mm longi, involucris Andropogoneae, subtribe Andropogoninae, is a fairly fl oralibus et spatheolis partim occulti, peridio fl avidobrunneo homogeneous genus of c. 40 species in the Old World tropics cooperti, quo maturo longitudinaliter in fascias nonnullas dissoluto and subtropics; some species are introduced to tropical America massam nigram, granulosopulveream glomerulorum sporarum (Clayton & Renvoize 1986: 351). In Australia, the genus is columellas nonnullas fi liformes circumdantium ostendentes. represented by 11 species (Sharp & Simon 2002). Th e smut Glomeruli sporarum globosi, ovoidei, oblongi usque subpolyedrice fungi of Cymbopogon were revised by Vánky (2003: 20-32), irregulares, 40-80 × 50-125 µm, rubellobrunnei usque subopaci, who recognised 13 species and 17 synonyms.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Aboriginal Medicine Practice in the Northern Territory
    TRADITIONAL ABORIGINAL MEDICINE PRACTICE IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY Dr Dayalan Devanesen AM MBBS, DPH (Syd) Grad. Dip MGT, MHP (NSW) FRACMA, FAFPHM, FCHSE Paper presented at INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TRADITIONAL MEDICINE BETTER SCIENCE, POLICY AND SERVICES FOR HEALTH DEVELOPMENT 11-13 September 2000 AWAJI ISLAND, JAPAN Organised by the World Health Organisation Centre for Health Development Kobe, Japan TRADITIONAL ABORIGINAL MEDICINE PRACTICE IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA Dr. D. Dayalan Devanesen AM MBBS,DPH (Syd) Grad.Dip MGT, MHP (NSW) FRACMA,FAFPHM,FCHSE Director Primary Health Coordinated Care Northern Territory Health Services INTRODUCTION Australia is the only continent to have been occupied exclusively by nomadic hunters and gatherers until recent times. Carbon dating of skeletal remains proves that Australian Aboriginal history started some 40,000 years ago, long before Captain Cook landed on the eastern coast. This history is not completely lost. It is retained in the minds and memories of successive generations of Aboriginal people, passed on through a rich oral tradition of song, story, poetry and legend. According to Aboriginal belief all life, human, animal, plant and mineral are part of one vast unchanging network of relationships which can be traced to the great spirit ancestors of the Dreamtime. The Dreamtime continues as the ‘Dreaming’ or ‘Jukurrpa’ in the spiritual lives of Aboriginal people today. The events of the Dreamtime are enacted in ceremonies and dances and chanted incessantly to the accompaniment of didgeridoo or clapsticks. (Isaacs J 1980) The Dreaming is the source of the rich artistry, creativity and ingenuity of the Aboriginal people. In Australia, western health services have been superimposed on traditional Aboriginal systems of health care.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Viability of Native Grasses Is Important When Revegetating Native Wildlife Habitat
    Northern Territory Naturalist (2016) 27: 36–46 Research Article Seed viability of native grasses is important when revegetating native wildlife habitat Sean M. Bellairs and Melina J. Caswell Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods and School of Environment, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia Email: [email protected] Abstract Native grasses are a dynamic and essential component of the majority of terrestrial ecosystems in the Northern Territory. Restoring native grasses in disturbed environments is important for providing faunal habitat, reducing surface erosion and resisting weed invasion. However, establishing native grasses has been problematic in many regions of Australia due to seed viability issues. We investigated 48 seed lots of 29 Northern Territory native grass species to determine whether seed quality was an issue for establishment of tropical native grasses. Seed lots were largely collected by commercial seed suppliers, rather than by research staff, so the samples reflect seed lots that could be sourced for revegetation projects. The seed purity, proportions of filled seeds, visually viable seeds and metabolically active seeds were assessed. Viability responses to storage were investigated in 15 seed lots. The proportion of florets that contained a seed (caryopsis) ranged from 10–97% (average 62%) and between 0–79% of the florets contained metabolically active seeds (average 36%). Two seed lots had viability of 0–10% and 12 of the 48 seed lots had less than 30% seeds that were metabolically active and potentially viable. Thus, seed quality limits establishment of tropical native grasses from sown seeds in the Northern Territory. When using native grasses to establish native habitat it is important to assess the quality of the seeds and use a sufficient quantity of seeds for effective establishment of these grasses.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Ecological Communities: Arid Eucalypt Woodlands
    NEC 1.1: Bloodwood open woodlands of the northern inland plains Description Key flora and fauna and abiotic elements Woodlands dominated by Corymbia terminalis or C. opaca are grouped together in this NEC because they form communities with broadly similar biotic and abiotic features. There are eight communities in the NVIS data for the arid / semi-arid zone that contribute to its definition (Table 1). These woodlands occur in inland Queensland and Northern Territory. They are generally low open woodlands with a mixed shrub and grass understorey. The dominant bloodwoods are either C. terminalis or C. opaca. The geographic ranges of each of these species are broadly distinct (Figure 1), with C. terminalis to the north and east, and C. opaca more central and south (Hill and Johnson, 1995). Note that there are wide zones of intergradation between the various bloodwood species (Figure 1). Figure 1: Distribution of the bloodwood species: C. opaca (open circles), C. terminalis (plus), C. tumescens (solid circles), C. tumescens - C. terminalis (square), C. opaca - C. terminalis (open diamond) (from Hill and Johnson 1995, Fig 58). Species outside the semi-arid boundary have not been detailed here These woodlands grow on sandy to loamy red earths on flat or undulating sand plains (sub- communities 2, 4, 6, and 7), calcareous clays on plains or low-lying areas (sub-community 3 and 5) and alluvial soils on terraces and floodplains (sub-community 1) (Table 1, Attachment 1-1). The eucalypts in the bloodwood woodlands range from approximately three to 14 metres tall (Attachment 1-1). Some of the Queensland units (eg components of sub-community 2) contain variants that are Acacia dominated, often with emergent C.
    [Show full text]