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Report to the Mississippi Legislature Report to the Mississippi Legislature Issue Brief: Mississippi Department of Corrections Accountability Program Inventory #652 April 13, 2021 The Mississippi Legislature Joint Committee on Performance Evaluation and Expenditure Review PEER Committee SENATORS REPRESENTATIVES KEVIN BLACKWELL TIMMY LADNER Vice Chair Chair CHARLES YOUNGER RICHARD BENNETT Secretary CEDRIC BURNETT LYDIA CHASSANIOL CAROLYN CRAWFORD DEAN KIRBY BECKY CURRIE CHAD McMAHAN JERRY TURNER SOLLIE NORWOOD PERCY WATSON JOHN POLK Post Office Box 1204 TELEPHONE: Jackson, Mississippi 39215-1204 OFFICE: (601) 359-1226 Woolfolk Building, Suite 301-A James A. Barber 501 North West Street FAX: Jackson, Mississippi 39201 (601) 359-1420 Executive Director www.peer.ms.gov April 13, 2021 Honorable Tate Reeves, Governor Honorable Delbert Hosemann, Lieutenant Governor Honorable Philip Gunn, Speaker of the House Members of the Mississippi State Legislature On April 13, 2021, the PEER Committee authorized release of the report titled Issue Brief: Mississippi Department of Corrections Accountability Program Inventory. Representative Timmy Ladner, Chair This report does not recommend increased funding or additional staff. Table of Contents Letter of Transmittal ....................................................................................................................................... i Issue Brief Highlights ....................................................................................................................................... v Purpose of Issue Brief ..................................................................................................................................... 1 MDOC’s Estimated Expenditures and FTEs by Accountability Program for Fiscal Years 2019 and 2020 ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Inventory of Mississippi’s Prison-Based Intervention Programs for Fiscal Years 2019 and 2020 and Identification of those Programs Supported by High-Quality Research ................. 6 Selected MDOC Performance Measures from FY 2016 to FY 2020 ..................................................... 12 Appendix A: FY 2019 and FY 2020 Annual Total Estimated Expenditures and FTEs for MDOC’s Accountability Programs Categorized by Budget Unit ................................................................ 16 Appendix B: Descriptions of MDOC Accountability Programs including Annual Total Estimated Expenditures for FY 2019 and FY 2020, Categorized by Broad Category ........... 20 Appendix C: Defining Elements of Research, by Level of Research Quality ..................................... 29 Appendix D: Type of Vocational Skill Training Offered, by Mississippi Adult Correctional Facility ............................................................................................................................ 30 Appendix E: Prison-Based Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment Programs with No Known High-Quality Research Showing their Effectiveness in Reducing Recidivism, by Mississippi Adult Correctional Facility ........................................................................................... 31 Appendix F: High-Quality Research-Based Programs that Could Replace Mississippi’s Prison-Based Adult Correctional Intervention Programs without Known High-Quality Research ................................................................................................................................................ 32 Appendix G: Description of Prison-Based Intervention Programs Offered by One or More of Mississippi’s Adult Correctional Facilities during Fiscal Years 2019 and 2020, Categorized by Quality of the Research Supporting the Program ............................................ 35 PEER Report #652 iii List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: MDOC’s Total Estimated Expenditures by Broad Category in FY 2019 and FY 2020..3 Exhibit 2: Annual Expenditures and FTEs for the Ten MDOC Accountability Programs with the Largest Expenditures, Accounting for over 75% of MDOC’s Total Estimated Expenditures in FY 2019 and FY 2020…………………………………………………………..……4 Exhibit 3: Inventory of Mississippi’s Adult Prison-Based Intervention Programs for FY 2019 and FY 2020, Reported by Correctional Facility, Quality of Research Supporting the Program, and Estimated Direct Program Expenditures……………………………………………8 Exhibit 4: Average Prison Population in Mississippi’s Adult Correctional Facilities, by Month, From FY 2016 to FY 2020………………………………………………………………………………..12 Exhibit 5: MDOC’s Drug Admissions (i.e., Possession and Intent to Distribute and Sale) from FY 2016 to FY 2019………………………………………………………………………………………..13 Exhibit 6: Percentage of Mississippi Prisoners Re-Incarcerated within 36-Months of Release by Fiscal Year……………………………………………………………………………………………….14 Exhibit 7: Prison Violence in Mississippi’s Correctional Facilities from FY 2016 to FY 2020…….15 Exhibit 8: Correctional Officer Vacancy Rate for Each State-Operated Facility and a Total for Regional Facilities and Private Prisons………………………………………………………………...15 iv PEER Report #652 Joint Legislative Committee on Performance Evaluation and Expenditure Review Issue Brief Highlights April 13, 2021 Mississippi Department of Corrections Accountability Program Inventory Summary: The Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC) expends over half of its financial resources on providing for the health and safety of inmates, maintaining the security of the state’s prisons, and total costs of housing state inmates in private prisons and county-owned regional facilities. While expenditures on adult prison-based intervention programs account for less than two percent of MDOC’s total estimated expenditures, research shows a high likelihood that the long-term return on dollars invested in well-run intervention programs, shown by high-quality research to be effective in reducing recidivism, will exceed costs, in some cases by large amounts. Background MISS. CODE ANN. Section 27-103-159 (1972) requires the development of an inventory of state agency programs/activities for use in the budgeting process, including estimated expenditures, FTEs, and identification of intervention programs. MDOC began working with legislative staff in 2014 to create an accountability program inventory and provide a more detailed overview of its expenditures and staff responsibilities. Key Terms What were MDOC’s total expenditures in FY 2019 and FY 2020? Accountability Program Defined by PEER as a discrete set of MDOC’s estimated expenditures totaled approximately activities upon which state resources are $343.8 million in FY 2019 and approximately $348.5 expended, designed to achieve a specific million in FY 2020. outcome(s) or objective(s). Intervention Program What were MDOC’s largest expenditures in FY 2019 and FY 2020? Defined by the Results First Initiative as a systematic set of activities or practices that By major object, MDOC expended over half of its budget engage specific participants to achieve a on contractual services, 58% ($199 million) in FY 2019 and desired outcome(s), e.g., prevent 61% ($213 million) in FY 2020. recidivism, and that may be subjected to experimental review for efficacy. The chart below shows MDOC’s top three largest Direct Program Expenditures expenditures by accountability program for FY 2019 and Includes dollars spent on individuals FY 2020. As shown in the chart, MDOC’s largest directly responsible for providing the expenditures were for providing onsite medical care and intervention program to inmates and on housing state inmates in private prisons and county- materials used to teach or implement the owned regional facilities. program. Performance Measure Facts Reported by MDOC in FY 2020 • MDOC’s prison population slightly declined. • MDOC’s recidivism rate was 37.4%. • Mississippi’s prisons were more violent. • MDOC has a large number of vacant correctional officer positions. PEER Report #652 v How much did the twenty-one adult correctional facilities spend on adult prison-based intervention programs, including level of research quality, during fiscal years 2019 and 2020? Mississippi’s twenty-one adult correctional facilities housing state inmates reported approximately $11.3 million ($5.8 million in FY 2019; and $5.5 million in FY 2020) in total estimated direct program expenditures on prison-based intervention programs in FY 2019 and FY 2020. Expenditures on prison-based intervention programs accounted for less than two percent of MDOC’s total estimated expenditures during both fiscal years. As shown in the chart to the right, approximately 46% of the total estimated direct program expenditures for prison-based intervention programs were on programs shown to be effective in reducing recidivism by high-quality research. However, it is not known whether these programs are being implemented with fidelity to program design. Also, as shown in the chart, expenditures for intervention programs with no known high-quality research supporting their effectiveness in reducing recidivism accounted for 54% of total intervention program expenditures. A majority of these expenditures were for life skills and various alcohol and drug abuse treatment programs. What steps can the state’s adult correctional facilities take to improve the impact of adult prison- based intervention program dollars on reducing recidivism? 1. Move financial resources out of intervention programs with no known high-quality research on their effectiveness into programs
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