Nagoya, Japan 10-13 October 2012

Research and Application Based Space Education

A.Rüstem ASLAN1), Rei KAWASHIMA2), M. Khalil IBRAHIM3)

1) Astronautical Engineering, Technical University, Istanbul, 2) University Space Engineering Consortium, Tokyo, Japan 3) Department of Aerospace Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, [email protected] Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (DESD) • 12/2002, the UN GA resolution 57/254 a UN DESD, from 2005 to 2014.

• Basic vision: A world where everyone has the opportunity to benefit from education and learn the values, behaviors and lifestyles required for a sustainable future and for positive societal transformation. Space Technologies

• contribute significantly to wealth creation and quality of life, both directly and in terms of technology spin-off to other sectors. • Increasing number of citizens involved in space education and related work (cutting edge technology) is of paramount importance for the benefit and wealth of world’s people. CubeSats/NanoSats

• CubeSats made space within reach of everybody regardless of budget and extensive know-how. • Small budgets and short development times. • Great educational tool, involve everybody in high tech work, increase national and international cooperation and collaboration for a safer peacefull world. UNISEC of Japan • UNISEC member universities are supporting education using CanSat at high school level. • Many educators at university level have addressed the effectiveness of hands-on training, because it provides unique opportunities and students can learn project management skills as well as technical process of space projects. • UNISEC activities would enable those in teaching positions at universities to improve their teaching skills as well as their academic performance and output.

Japanese history of university micro/nano satellite activities UNISEC of Japan

• MIC1-2

• CLTP 1-2-3

• UNISEC-INT

• Turkey, Egypt, others CLTP

Host CLTP Period Participating countries university Algeria, Australia, Egypt, Feb-March Wakayama Guatemala, Mexico, Nigeria, 1 2011 Univ. Peru, Sri Lanka, Turkey(3) and Vietnam Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nov-Dec Vietnam, Ghana, Peru, 2 Nihon Univ. 2011 Singapore, Mongolia, Thailand and Turkey Brazil, Egypt(2), Israel, Tokyo July-August Lithuania, Namibia, Nigeria, 3 Metropolitan 2012 Mongolia, Philippines and University Turkey CLTP2

TURKISH CASE ITU, Space Engineering

• Establishment 1983 (ITU 1773) • 60 new students per year • Space related labs – Spacecraft Systems Design and Testing – Small Satellite communication • Aim: – Research and testing on nano satellites and small sat components – To have engineers with laboratory experience to serve the national aerospace industry Space Engineering Curriculum • Education in space science and technologies • Follows AIAA recomendations • Fully Accredited by ABET till 2017 • Space related undergraduate courses – Introduction to Space Engineering (1st year) – Aerospace structures (3rd year) – Orbital Mechanics, (3rd year) – Space environment, (4th year) – Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control (4th) – Rocket and Electric Propulsion (4th) – Spacecraft system design with application (SSD) (4th) – Spacecraft communications (4th) Curriculum (AIAA/ABET) • ‘’Astronautical engineering programs must demonstrate that graduates have knowledge of orbital mechanics, space environment, attitude determination and control, telecommunications, space structures, and rocket propulsion’’. • ‘’Program must also demonstrate that graduates have design competence that includes integration of astronautical topics’’.

• (http://www.aiaa.org/content.cfm?pageid=472 )

Spacecraft System Design

• Last semester required course

• Capstone design project

• Conceptual design, no time for a prototype

• Topic: AIAA SDC, MIC, other Design- Development phases

Satellite Test & Integration Infrastructure / Payloads Design / Analysis / Production / Systems Thermal Vacuum, Vibration, EMC

Ground Station

•Conceptual design •Desktop model •Engineering model •Flight Model

Istanbul Technical University - Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics http://usl.itu.edu.tr SSD 2011: Space Debris Removal at LEO (AIAA SDC)

Educational aspect of MIC!

• MIC1 evaluation comittee comment:

– only experienced applicants with some space background and national heritage are succesful in the finals.

A general summary of finalist teams in MIC1 and MIC2:

• Experienced team • Connection to a lab or group • Ongoing work not just a new idea to be realized • Not undergraduate students • Some pratical work already done

MIC2 Turkish Case (10 applicants no finalist or semi finalist) • Only undergraduate students (SSD topic) or MS with no space background at all. • Mostly Non-interdisciplinary teams (just space engineers) • Just a limited time: 3 months to find an idea and to implement it although the MIC time is longer • Finding an idea is a good element, reading many different papers on different topics • No time to implement or to evaluate the suitability of the idea • 2 term course work may be a remedy

MIC vs AIAA for SSD

MIC AIAA Comment Written for Success requires prior experience in Written for everyone (undergraduate) the field, professionals have more students chance of winning the contest Mission is broadly Mission is given, specified Student directly starts design based solution is sought Request For Proposal on given mission, requirements and A clear and detailed (RFP) is not constraints RFP is given available Students spend considerable time to Solution to a given Mission idea sought find an idea, little time left to design mission is sought for the idea

Student team Student Team AIAA for US students only structure is possible structure ony Professional Development of Students • insufficient applied course work • Student Clubs (UUMK, EUROAVIA, AIAA, PARS...) • Extracurricular activities – Own will – İnterdisciplinary team work – International collaborations – Employment advantages

Extracurricular activities actual applications • International students competitions: – AIAA/DBF, – CanSat, – UAVSI, – AHS, – AIAA-ASMA/IGTI Engine Design – Solar Car and Boat – MIC

• CubeSat Projects International competitions ITU SE CubeSat Projects

TURKSAT 3USAT

ITUPSAT1

UYDU K N I

K L N

I N EHF SAT L K P N W U I L

F K O H N P I D V L U

N F F

W H H

O U D V F H U

QB50: BeeagleSat

YER ISTASYONU - 1 YER ISTASYONU - 2 Project Comparison

• ITUpSAT1 • TURKSAT-3USAT • One unit CubeSat • Three unit CubeSat • 25 Project Personnel • 50 project personnel • Mainly space engineers • Interdisciplinary team work • 19 Space, 5 Electronics, 1 • 24 Aerospace,2 Mechanical Engineer Mechanical 24 Electric- • No redundancy Electronics • 3 year development time • Full redundancy • Infrastructure development • 2 year development time • Budget: ITU and TUBITAK • TAMSAT Engineers • Some undergraduate, MS • Budget: TÜRKSAT Inc. thesis • Many undergraduate, MS • Empleoyment by the thesis industry • Empleoyment by the industry

Evolvement

• ITUpSAT1: 1 department, governement support, MS students, thesis, hands on experience • 3USAT: 3 departments, company and public support. BS and MS thesis, hands on experience • QB50: 3 universities, many departments, industry support. • EHFSAT: Payload by the industry, SME support (spin-off company), 3 departments.

Research and Application Based Space Education: Egyptian Case

Mohammed Khalil Ibrahim, Ph.D. Space Systems Technology Laboratory Aerospace Engineering Department Cairo University - Egypt Background

• Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Established in 1820. • Aerospace Engineering Department established in 1938. • Egyptian Space Program is running by NARSS (1999 ) • B.Sc. in Space Engineering is Elective • Ph.D. & M.Sc. in Space Engineering • Lack of Practical Space Engineering Projects.

Laboratories & Facilities

• Aerodynamics • Flow Visualization • Aircraft Propulsion • Aircraft Structure • Automatic Control & Flight Mechanics • Space Systems Technology established in 2011

31 CanSat-Based Space Engineering • Bi-annual practical space engineering training course for all students from 2011 . • Mandatory summer training course for Junior students from 2013  . CanSat-Based Space Engineering

CanSat Based-Space Engineering Education

Mechanical Parachute Launcher Basic Electronic System Project Design and Microcontroller, MEMS Aerodynamics Development Circuits Engineering Management Production sensors and Firmware Development Advanced CanSat Project

• Rover-Back CanSat • Fully Autonomous • Schedule to Join Arliss 2013

Jan - Oct-11 Nov Dec Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 12

1st & 2nd Conceptual Models (CM)

3rd CM EM FM

MIC Participations

8

6 Category- 1 Category- 4 2

2

Number Idea Submitted of Number 0 MIC-1 MIC-2

MIC1: Total Number of Submitted Idea is 62 MIC2: Total Number of Submitted Idea is 54 (Cat.1) and 20 (Cat. 2) R&D Projects

• Advanced CanSat • Development of Simple Ground Station • CanSat Launcher – QuadRotor – Balloon • CubeSat Subsystems – Communication – C&DH – ADCS – Payload – Structure – EPS

Students Enrollment • Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University receive top 5% Senior High-School Students (3000 students/year). • Total of 15000 Undergraduate Students. • Aerospace Engineering Department Receive 100 students/year. • Total of 400 Undergraduate Students in Aerospace Engineering Department. Faculty of Engineering Aerospace Engineering (2012) 80 70 8 60

7 50 6 40 5 30 20 4 Grade % 10 3 0

Ranking 2 1 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 Academic Year Benefits-Education • Space project: higly motivated students, individuals • Applied education: plan, design, produce, test, integrate, launch, observe a spacequalified actual satellite during education • Multidisciplinary research teams at universities • Establish design, manufacturing and testing infrasturcture • Raise qualified and experienced Space Engineers for aerospace industry • Increase national capability in satellite technologies

Benefits

• Accounting for space debris in project planning, compliance with UN regulations • A new job sector: entrepreneurship, student owned SMEs, Pumpkin, ISIS, Clyde Space, Gumush • To reach space is a realm of possibility for everyone...

Conclusions

• Practical project work and design studies are important elements of space education. • CanSat and CubeSat programs have a positive effect on increasing space awareness particularly among students with international interaction. • MIC and CLTP are useful tools

Conclusions

• Clearly defined topics seems to be more suitable for high school and undergraduate university programs • Open end projects may be successfully undertaken by experienced graduate students and space professionals. • All these developments have started to shape space education curriculum, worldwide.

• How can we benefit further from extracurricular activities to enhance space education curriculum?

Acknowledgments

• the Nano-Satellite Symposium Office and The Basic Space Technology Initiative (BSTI) of the United Nations Program on Space Applications

Acknowledgments • "HODOYOSHI Project" that enabled CLTP and MIC to launch, which was granted to Prof. Shinichi Nakasuka by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in the "Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology (FIRST Program)," initiated by the Council for Science and Technology Policy of the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan.

ITUpSAT1, 3rd year in orbit TURKSAT-3USAT MISSION

3USAT

UYDU K N I

K L N

I N L K P N W U I L

F K O H N P I D V L U

N F F

W H H

O U D V F H U

GroundYER ISTA StationSYONU - 1 1 GroundYER ISTA SStationYONU - 2 2 TURKSAT-3USAT • 3U CubeSat • VHF/UHF linear Transponder • Redundant design, back-up systems designed, developed, manufactured and tested in Turkey • Cutting edge de-orbiting and power system QB50: BeEagleSat EHF-SAT

EHFUYD-SATU K N I L

K K N

IN N I

L W

P L O U P

F D

K U

H IN d V L d n N n a W a B B

O D - u F X H K U

GroundYER ISTAS YStationONU – 1 1 GroundYER ISTAS YStationONU – 2 2 Telemetri, Transponder Telemetry,telek otelecommandmand Transponder AEROSPACE PROJECTS KARAYEL DRT ITUpSAT1 HTH MILGEM HELSIM ANKA

RIHA1A RIHA1B İTÜ-HTH Tüm alt sistemleri ile, Temmuz 2011, TAI, UNISEC-EGYPT

• Seminar and Panel Discussion about establishing UNSEC-Egypt (July 4, 2012) • Next meeting scheduled to be in Feb. 2013. Pros and Cons of Establishing UNISEC-Egypt

Pros Cons Space awareness expansion Lack of team-work experince Well managed capacity building Dedicated management board plans Resource management Legal entity Large scale space projects Sustainable Funding QB50 - THE IDEA

• An international network of 50 double CubeSats for multi-point, in-situ, long-duration measurements in the lower thermosphere and for re-entry research • A network of 50 double CubeSats sequentially deployed (1 CubeSat every orbit or every 2 or 3 orbits) • Initial altitude: 330 km (circular orbit, i=79°) • Downlink using the Global Educational Network for Satellite Operations (GENSO)

von Karman Institute 58 for Fluid Dynamics