DOCSLIB.ORG

Induced Hepatic Failure: an Experimental Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Induced Hepatic Failure: an Experimental Study Research Journal of Pharmacognosy (RJP) 7(2), 2020: 43-51 Received: 1 Dec 2019 Accepted: 10 Feb 2020 Published online: 18 Feb 2020 DOI: 10.22127/rjp.2020.207706.1533 Original article The Role of Allium saralicum Extract on Prevention of Acetaminophen- Induced Hepatic Failure: an Experimental Study 1,2 1,3 4 1,2* Mahdi Alvandi , Dara Dastan , Sara Soleimani Asl , Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi 1Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 3Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 4Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Abstract Background and objectives: Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common analgesic medicine whose overdose leads to severe hepatic dysfunction. Due to the known antioxidant properties of Allium species, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Allium saralicum plant on APAP induced liver toxicity. Methods: The hydro-alcoholic extract of A. saralicum was prepared by maceration and ultrasonic methods. Forty-two rats in seven groups were treated by gavage as follows: groups 1 and 2 received normal saline, groups 3 received 400 mg/kg of A. saralicum hydro-alcoholic extract, and the groups 4-7 were treated with 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of A. saralicum extract, respectively. After two consecutive weeks, the therapeutic groups, as well as the positive control (APAP) group, were administered a single dose of APAP (2 g/kg). After 48 hours, the animals were anesthetized, and blood and liver samples were collected for histological and biochemical examinations. Results: Our findings indicated that APAP caused a significant rise in ALT (p<0.001), AST (p<0.001), ALP (p<0.001) and LDH (p<0.001) serum levels, total and direct bilirubin (p<0.001), hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO; p<0.001) and nitric oxide (NO; p<0.001). In addition, APAP let to the decreasing of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC; p< 0.001), total thiol molecules (TTM; p<0.001), and structural changes in the hepatic tissue. Following administration of A. saralicum extract, a remarkable improvement was observed in the functional and oxidative stress indices of liver tissue alongside histopathologic alterations. Conclusion: Our results showed that A. saralicum extract significantly improved APAP-induced hepatic failure through inhibition of oxidative/nitrosative stress. Keywords: acetaminophen; Allium saralicum; hepatotoxicity; oxidative stress Citation: Alvandi M, Dastan D, Soleimani Asl S, Nili-Ahmadabadi A. The role of Allium saralicum extract on prevention of acetaminophen-induced hepatic failure: an experimental study. Res J Pharmacogn. 2020; 7(2): 43-51. Introduction Paracetamol (APAP; N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) is if untreated, it may lead to jaundice and severe an analgesic and antipyretic medication that has liver injury [6]. The studies have indicated that been used as an over-the-counter medication annually about 6% of adults are exposed to [1,2]. Despite being safe at 1-4 g daily doses and APAP at the doses of more than 4 g/day; also, widely accessible, APAP intoxication is 30,000 patients are referred to hospitals for prevalent in all ages [2-5]. APAP toxicity is APAP-induced toxic effects [7]. associated with malaise, vomiting, and diarrhea; Therapeutic doses of APAP are mainly *Corresponding author: [email protected] © 2020. Open access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Alvandi M. et al. metabolized by the liver through conjugation pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) and acetaminophen with sulfate and glucuronide conjugates [8]. powder linear formula (CH3CONHC6H4OH) Higher doses of APAP are metabolized by were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical hepatic cytochrome P450-2E1 leading to the Company (USA). production of a highly reactive and electrophile product known as N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine Plant material (NAPQI) [9]. Oxidative stress-induced by Collection and extraction procedure NAPQI may be partly due to cellular glutathione The aerial parts of Allium saralicum were (GSH) depletion and mitochondrial proteins gathered from Saral, Kurdistan, Iran in May 2018. adduction leading to mitochondrial oxidant stress. It was identified at the Herbarium of School of Several studies on inducers and inhibitors of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical cytochrome P450 have indicated the role of ROS Sciences (HUMS), Hamadan, Iran with the code generated by P450-mediated metabolism in number (NO: 275). Maceration and ultrasonic APAP hepatotoxicity [10,11]. methods were applied for extraction. The Allium saralicum, native to Iran, is a member of coarsely powdered plant (300 g of aerial parts) the Amaryllidaceae family [12]. It contains was kept in contact with 1500 mL of methanol various compounds including hexanedioic acid, and water (1:1) for 72 h at 25 °C. The obtained γ-tocopherol, eicosane, hexatriacontane, vitamin mixture was then filtered using filter paper. A E, 2-phenyl-5-methylindole, phytol, methyl ester vacuumed rotary evaporator with a controlled and linolenic acid possessing various temperature of 50 °C was used for condensation pharmacologic effects [13,14]. Previous studies of the extract. The whole process was repeated have expressed the therapeutic properties of A. for three times. Finally 78 g dark brown extract saralicum on a wide variety of disorders. For was kept in a sterile vial in a dark and cool place instance, this herbal medicine has been consumed 4 °C. for its antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, In the next stage, different fractions of antioxidant, anti‐hyperlipidemic and hepatorenal hydroalcoholic extract including n-hexane, protective effects in some Middle Eastern chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions countries [15,16]. Regarding the role of oxidative were prepared by column chromatography. For stress in the pathophysiology of APAP poisoning this purpose, a column with dimensions of 8 × 17 and also due to the known antioxidant properties cm was used with a silica gel (70-30 mesh) as the of Allium species and using of Allium saralicum solid phase. A portion of hydroalcoholic extract by local people as food, we evaluated the effect (70 g) was fractionated on a silica gel column of A. saralicum hydro-alcoholic extract as a eluted with 500 mL of n-hexane, chloroform, potential antioxidant on APAP induced acute ethyl acetate, and methanol of increasing polarity liver injury. to give four fractions. The fractions were then concentrated in vacuum at 40 °C using a rotary Materials and Methods evaporator to produce n-hexane, chloroform, Ethical considerations ethyl acetate, and methanol fractions Finally, the The animal experiments were approved by the antioxidant properties of each fraction were Ethics Committee of Hamadan University of determined using ferric reducing antioxidant Medical Science (HUMS), Hamadan, Iran with power methods (FRAP) [17]. Also, the thiol ethical code of (ID: IR.UMSHA.REC.1396.364), levels were assessed using DTNB reagent as in accordance with the guideline of the Research described by Hu and Dillard [18]. According to Ethics Committee of the Health and Medical the results, the methanolic fraction as an effective Education, Iran (2019), based on the Helsinki fraction of hydro-alcoholic extract was selected Protocol (Helsinki, Finland, 1975). and maintained at the temperature of 4°C. Chemicals Experiment design All chemicals were purchased from Merck Male Wistar rats (250±25 g) were obtained from (Darmstadt, Germany) unless otherwise stated. the animal house of HUMS, Hamadan, Iran. The 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), N- animals were kept under controlled conditions of (1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride laboratory (12 h light/dark cycles, 50% humidity (NED), 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA), 2,4,6-tris (2- and temperature of 22-25 °C) and supplied with 44 Res J Pharmacogn 7(2): 43-51 Allium saralicum in liver failure standard diet and water ad libitum for one week (A2) and DTNB blank (B) was detected again at before the study. 412 nm. The level of thiol molecules was Forty-two rats were divided into seven groups of calculated by reduced glutathione as the standard. six each and treated for two weeks by gavage as follows: groups 1 and 2 received normal saline, Measurement of nitric oxide groups 3 received 400 mg/kg of A. saralicum Hepatic nitric oxide was measured by the extract, groups 4-7 were treated with 50, 100, 200 colorimetric method using Griess reagent (1% and 400 mg/kg of ASHE, respectively. After two sulfanilamide, 0.1% NED, and 2.5% phosphoric consecutive weeks, except for groups 1 and 3, acid) [19]. Briefly, 100 µL of reagent was mixed animals were administered a single dose of with sample (100 µL) and its optimum APAP (2 g/kg). After 48 h, the animals were absorbance was measured at 520 nm. sodium anesthetized with ether and blood samples were nitrite was used as the standard. collected from their carotid artery which were centrifuged at 2500 rpm (for 15 min) to separate Measurement of lipid peroxidation serum for biochemical assays. Furthermore, a The lipid peroxidation was assayed in liver tissue part of hepatic tissue was kept at the temperature using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of -80 °C for preparation of liver homogenate (TBARS) method [20]. Briefly, a reagent was (10%, w/v). The other portion of the liver was prepared containing TBA (0.2%) in H2SO4 (0.05 fixed in 5% buffered formalin for M). Then, 100 µL of homogenate sample and 500 histopathological experiments. µL reagent were mixed and heated in boiling water bath for 30 min, the absorbance was Serum biochemical analysis detected at 532 nm. Different concentrations of Glucose, triglyceride, direct and total bilirubin as malondialdehyde (2, 4, 8 and 16 µM) were used well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate for plotting the calibration curve.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jānis Rukšāns Late Summer/Autumn 2001 Bulb Nursery ROZULA, Cēsu Raj
    1 Jānis Rukšāns Late summer/autumn 2001 Bulb Nursery ROZULA, Cēsu raj. LV-4150 LATVIA /fax + 371 - 41-32260 + 371 - 9-418-440 All prices in US dollars for single bulb Dear friends! Again, we are coming to you with a new catalogue and again we are including many new varieties in it, probably not so many as we would like, but our stocks do not increase as fast as the demand for our bulbs. We hope for many more novelties in the next catalogue. Last season we had one more successful expedition – we found and collected 3 juno irises never before cultivated (we hope that they will be a good addition to our Iris collection) and many other nice plants, too. In garden we experienced a very difficult season. The spring came very early – in the first decade of April the temperature unexpectedly rose up to +270 C, everything came up, flowered and finished flowering in few days and then during one day the temperature fell as low as –80 C. A lot of foliage was killed by a returned frost. As a result the crop of bulbs was very poor. The weather till the end of June was very dry – no rain at all, only hot days followed by cold nights. But then it started to rain. There were days with the relative air humidity up to 98%. The drying of harvested bulbs was very difficult. I was forced to clean one of my living rooms in my house, to heat it and to place there the boxes with Allium and Tulipa bulbs to save them from Penicillium.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovation, Vielfalt Und Nutzen Innovation, Diversity and Advantage
    6. Fachtagung Arznei- und Gewürzpfl anzen VI. Conference on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Berlin · 19. - 22. September 2011 Innovation, Vielfalt und Nutzen Innovation, Diversity and Advantage Kurzfassungen der Vorträge und Poster Abstracts of Oral Presentations and Posters Deutscher Fachausschuß für Arznei-, Gewürz- und Aromapfl anzen Veranstalter Deutscher Fachausschuss für Arznei-, Gewürz- und Aromapflanzen (DFA) Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät Mitveranstalter Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft e.V. Sektion Pflanzliche Naturstoffe (DBG) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Qualitätsforschung (Pflanzliche Nahrungsmittel) e.V. (DGQ) Deutsche Pharmazeutische Gesellschaft e.V. Fachgruppe Pharmazeutische Biologie (DPhG) Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft e.V. AK Phytomedizin im Gartenbau (DPG) Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker e.V. (GDCh) Gesellschaft für Arzneipflanzen und Naturstoff-Forschung e.V. (GA) Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften (GWP), AG Heil- und Gewürzpflanzen Gesellschaft für Pflanzenzüchtung e.V. (GPZ), AG Arznei- und Gewürzpflanzen Gesellschaft für Phytotherapie e.V. (Gphy) Horst-Görtz-Stiftungsinstitut für Theorie, Geschichte und Ethik chinesischer Lebenswissenschaften (HGI) Vereinigung für angewandte Botanik e.V. (VAB) Wissenschaftliches Komitee F. Marthe, Quedlinburg, Leiter, W.D. Blüthner, Erfurt H. Buckenhüskes, Frankfurt, Ch. Carlen, Conthey, J. Gabler, Quedlinburg, T. Graf, Jena, K. Kraft, Rostock, U. Lohwasser, Gatersleben, J.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on Some Biologically Active Natural Products from Tulbaghia Species
    STUDIES ON SOME BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM TULBAGHIA ALLIACEA MANKI SARAH MAOELA A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Chemistry at the University of the Western Cape. November 2005 Supervisor: Dr. Wilfred Mabusela Co-supervisor: Prof. Quinton Johnson i DEDICATION I would like to dedicate my work to my sisters Palesa and Matshediso for they understood my pressure and helped me through it all. As for my mom, dad and granny thank you for giving me freedom and allowance to take some time off at home to be here to further my studies. My brother Sephiri, your knowledge and intelligence took me very far as you are that big shining star to keep me going. Thank you all. ii KEYWORDS Allium Tulbaghia alliacea HPLC ESI/LC-MS/MS GC-MS S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxide Thiosulfinate Sulfone Polysulfide Furanoid derivative iii DECLARATION I declare that Studies on some biologically active natural products from Tulbaghia alliacea is my own work, that it has not been submitted for any degree or examination in any other university, and that all the sources I used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by complete references. Manki Sarah Maoela November 2005 Signed: …………………………… iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all I would like to thank God for being with me through everything and for protecting me all these years. Secondly I am very grateful to my supervisor Dr. W. Mabusela for the support, encouragement and guidance he gave me throughout my study. Thank you very much, Doc.
    [Show full text]
  • AGS-Seed-List-No.62 2013-2014
    WELCOME TO THE ALPINE GARDEN SOCIETY’S 62nd SEED LIST Please read through these notes and also the notes on the back of the order forms before completing the forms. The main distribution will begin in December and will continue through January. Please note that the distribution takes place from Pershore and the office will be closed for the Christmas and New Year holiday. Consequently, no orders will be made up between 20 December 2013 and 6 January 2014. The seeds offered originate from various sources and cannot be guaranteed true to name. Neither The Alpine Garden Society nor any official of the Society can be held responsible for what is supplied. Members are reminded that named cultivars and hybrids cannot be relied upon to come true, and plants raised from seed from cultivars should not be labelled with the names of those cultivars. Seeds of many species are in short supply and we can never have enough to meet all requests. If you request very rare or scarce species you may be disappointed and we advise you to spread your requests throughout a variety of seeds on the list. We do limit the allocation of rare species to try and be as fair as possible to all members, especially to those who donate the rare seed. Surplus seeds are those remaining after all applications for main distribution seeds have been met. Please see the notes on the back of the order form for further information. On-line ordering is the recommended way to order and pay for seed. There are many advantages in ordering this way, in particular a built in link to pictures of the plants on the list.
    [Show full text]
  • Tulbaghia Violacea and Allium Ursinum Extracts Exhibit Anti-Parasitic and Antimicrobial Activities
    molecules Article Tulbaghia violacea and Allium ursinum Extracts Exhibit Anti-Parasitic and Antimicrobial Activities Sonja Krstin *, Mansour Sobeh ID , Markus Santhosh Braun ID and Michael Wink * ID Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (M.S.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (M.W.); Tel.: +49-62-21-544880 (S.K. & M.W.); Fax: +49-62-21-544884 (S.K. & M.W.) Received: 7 December 2017; Accepted: 30 January 2018; Published: 2 February 2018 Abstract: Garlic has played an important role in culinary arts and remedies in the traditional medicine throughout human history. Parasitic infections represent a burden in the society of especially poor countries, causing more than 1 billion infections every year and leading to around one million deaths. In this study, we investigated the mode of anti-parasitic activity of “wild garlics” Tulbaghia violacea and Allium ursinum dichloromethane extracts against parasites Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Leishmania tarentolae with regard to their already known antimicrobial activity. We also evaluated their cytotoxic potential against human cells. Both extracts showed a relevant trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity, although L. tarentolae was less sensitive. We determined that the probable mode of action of both extracts is the irreversible inhibition of the activity of Trypanosoma brucei trypanothione reductase enzyme. The extracts showed a mild cytotoxic activity against human keratinocytes. They also exhibited weak—in most cases comparable—antibacterial and antifungal activity. HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that both extracts are abundant in sulfur compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Allium Species from Asia Display Anticancer Effects and Trigger
    Investigations on Wild Allium Species. Part I: Cysteine Sulfoxides of Flowers. Part 2: Anticancer Activity of Bulb Extracts Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) dem Fachbereich Pharmazie der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Emil Jivishov aus Baku, Aserbaidschan Marburg/Lahn Jahr 2018 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael Keusgen Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Shuming Li Eingereicht am ………................. Tag der mündlichen Prüfung am 21.12.2016 Hochschulkennziffer: 1180 Dedicated to my wife and life partner Sevda, our little hearts- children Said and Esma, my beloved parents and my proud brother Orkhan, to the supporting parents-in-law and brother- in-law Pervin. If learning the truth is the scientist’s goal… then he must make himself the enemy of all that he reads Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................ 1 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................. 4 List of figures ...................................................................................................................... 6 List of tables ....................................................................................................................... 9 List of abbreviations ..........................................................................................................11 Summary ...........................................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Armenia - Spring Birds and Flowers
    Armenia - Spring Birds and Flowers Naturetrek Tour Report 4 -12 June 2016 Mountain Chiffchaff White-tailed Lapwing Papaver macrostomum Stachys inflata Report & Images by Paul Harmes & Hasmik Ter Voskanyan Mingledown Barn Wolf’s Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Armenia - Spring Birds and Flowers Leaders: Paul Harmes & Hasmik Ter Voskanyan (leaders) Edik (driver) & Armine (local agent) with seven Naturetrek clients Day 1 Saturday 4th June Fly Heathrow to Moscow & Yerevan Seven group members met with Paul at Heathrow Terminal 4 for the Aeroflot Flight SU2571 to Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport, where we transferred to Aeroflot flight SU1862 to Yerevan. We arrived at Yerevan Zvartsnots Airport where, after changing money and collecting our luggage, we met with Hasmik and Edik, our driver for the week. We transferred to our bus for the short journey, in heavy rain and hail, through the Armenian capital to the Hrazdan Hotel, our base for the first two nights of the tour. After rooms had been allocated, we gathered for a late supper before retiring to bed. Day 2 Sunday 5th June Mount Aragats At 8.30am, following breakfast, we left the hotel and were on our way north-westwards towards Mount Aragats. Along the way we passed several small flocks of Rosy Starlings, Eurasian Magpie and numerous Common Swifts. Our first stop today was in an area of semi-degraded steppe above Byurakan, about forty minutes’ drive from Yerevan. Here the botanists had an introduction to some of the characteristic steppe plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemical Analyses of Functional Metabolites in Allium: Prospective
    Biochemical Analyses of Functional Metabolites in Allium: Prospective Strategies for Improving Crop Stress Tolerance ネギ属における機能性代謝物の生化学分析： 作物ストレス耐性の改変に関する将来戦略 Mostafa Abdelwahed Noureldein Abdelrahman 2015 Biochemical Analyses of Functional Metabolites in Allium: Prospective Strategies for Improving Crop Stress Tolerance ネギ属における機能性代謝物の生化学分析： 作物ストレス耐性の改変に関する将来戦略 By Mostafa Abdelwahed Noureldein Abdelrahman A Thesis Submitted as Part Fulfillment for a PhD in Agriculture The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Tottori University JAPAN 2015 Major Supervisor Masayoshi Shigyo Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University Supervisor 1. Hisashi Tsujimoto Center Division of Biological Production, Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University 2. Naoki Yamauchi Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University TABLE OF CONTENT Page CHAPTER I. GNERAL INTRODUCTION……………..……………………………………...1 CHAPTER II. METABOLITE PROFILING OF ORANMENTAL ALLIUM SPECIES SUBG. MELANOCROMMYUM AND NECTAROSCORDIUM USING CHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ASSAYS Introduction…………….……………………………………………………..….9 Materials and Methods…………………………………………..........................11 Results and discussion……..……………………………………………………16 CHAPTER III. AGINOSIDE SAPONIN, A POTENT ANTIFUNGAL COMPOUND, AND SECONDARY METABOLITE ANALYSES FROM ALLIUM NIGRUM L. Introduction…………………...………………………………………………...26 Materials and Methods.........................................................................................27
    [Show full text]
  • Nieuwe Oogst
    NIEUWE OOGST CATALOGUS 2019 NIJSSEN BULBS HEEMSTEDE WWW.NIJSSENBULBS.NL Afbeelding omslag: Allium ‘Mount Everest’, zie pagina 24. Fotografie: Gert-Pieter Nijssen en vele enthousiaste kwekers, waarvoor mijn dank. Deze uitgave kwam tot stand door samenwerking tussen: Tekst: Gert-Pieter Nijssen en archief Peter C. Nijssen Lithografie/Produktie: LNO drukkerij, Zierikzee. Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van druk, fotokopie, microfilm of op welke wijze ook, zonder voorafgaande toestemming van Nijssen Bulbs Heemstede. Lichte kleurafwijkingen van foto’s en eventuele zet- of drukfouten in de catalogus voorbehouden. Een bezoek aan ons plantencentrum in Heemstede is altijd de moeite waard. Adres: Sportparklaan 25A, 2103 VR Heemstede. Voor actuele openingstijden kijk op: www.nijssenbulbs.nl Maakt u gebruik van het openbaar vervoer: Vanaf station Heemstede-Aerdenhout, stadsbus 4 richting Heemstede. Na ongeveer zes minuten uitstappen bij halte Glipperdreef/Begraafplaats. Nog ongeveer vijf minuten lopen in zuidelijke richting, na ong. 200 meter linksaf, de Sportparklaan in. Het plantencentrum bevindt zich aan de linkerzijde, schuin tegenover het zwembad. Algemene voorwaarden Nijssen Bulbs Heemstede Deze kunt u raadplegen op www.nijssenbulbs.nl, maar sturen wij u ook, op verzoek, kosteloos toe. Prijs catalogus ¤ 10.00 voor Nederland, overige landen binnen de E.U. ¤ 15.00 Bol- en Knolgewassen Een Nieuwe Oogst Nijssen Bulbs Heemstede Bijzondere bol- en knolgewassen Sportparklaan 25a 2103 VR HEEMSTEDE Tel.: 023 - 5471056 Correspondentie-adres: Postbus 653 2100 AR HEEMSTEDE www.nijssenbulbs.nl [email protected] Catalogus 2019 Catalogus 1 Bij-vriendelijke bloembollenpakketten Het belang van biodiversiteit en planten in de tuin waarvan o.a.
    [Show full text]
  • Hepatoprotective Potential and Antioxidant Activity of Allium Tripedale in Acetaminophen-Induced Oxidative Damage
    Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, December 2019; 14(6): 488-495 School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences Received: May 2019 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Archive Accepted: of SID December 2019 Original Article Hepatoprotective potential and antioxidant activity of Allium tripedale in acetaminophen-induced oxidative damage Sahel Ghobadi1,2, Dara Dastan1,3, Meysam Soleimani1,3, and Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi1,2,* 1Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I.R. Iran. 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I.R. Iran. 3Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, I. R. Iran. Abstract Allium tripedale (A. tripedale) is a species of wild Allium native to northwest Iran that its hepatoprotective effects have not yet been confirmed. This study investigated the effect of A. tripedale plant against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver damage. After preliminary studies, the A. tripedale methanol fraction (ATMF) was selected for in vivo study. Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups of 6 each and treated by gavage as follows: groups 1 and 2 received normal saline; group 3 received 400 mg/kg of ATMF; and groups 4-6 were treated with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of ATMF, respectively. After two consecutive weeks, except groups 1 and 3, rats were administered with an oral single dose of APAP (2 g/kg). After 48 h, blood and liver samples were collected for histological and biochemical examinations. The results showed that APAP caused a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase serum levels, lipid peroxidation (all with P < 0.001) and hepatic nitric oxide (P < 0.01).
    [Show full text]
  • Jānis Rukšāns Late Summer/Autumn 2003 Bulb Nursery ROZULA, Cēsu Raj
    Jānis Rukšāns Late summer/autumn 2003 Bulb Nursery ROZULA, Cēsu raj. LV-4150 LATVIA /fax + 371 – 41-33-223, 41-00-347 All prices in US dollars / Euro +371 - 941-84-40, 41-00-326 for single bulb E-mail: [email protected] Dear friends! Again, we are coming to you with a new catalogue and again we are including many new varieties in it. Some of them are very special – never before offered, some are returned after very long interruption – they were so popular, that we oversold our stocks and it took a lot of years to rebuilt them. Some are more ordinary things – for those who only start growing of rare bulbs and have little experience. In some words – bulbs for every taste and possibilities, but most important, that all bulbs offered by us are grown and multiplied only in our nursery – we are not selling bulbs from nature. We have to say that the passed season was one of the warmest in my gardening experience, in addition it was the driest, too. There was no rain since end of June and even in October the soil in garden still was very dry. In our unheated tunnel (we use a tunnel to protect bulbs from excessive moisture) shoots of Crocus alatavicus and michelsonii came out of soil in first half of November. But in December temperatures during night fell dawn to minus190 C and there was almost no snow in garden. Fortunately all beds outside are covered with good layer of peat moss and we hope it is sufficient to protect bulbs from frost.
    [Show full text]
  • Mail Order Catalogue Autumn 2020 Avon Bulbs Chris Ireland-Jones Chris
    Camassia leichtlinii caerulea p24 Muscari Valerie Finnis p14 Iris Harmony p11 Allium Violet Beauty p47 Mail Order Catalogue Tulipa Cummins p38 Autumn 2020 Iris Silvery Beauty BULBS AND PLANTS TO FLOWER THIS AUTUMN AND NEXT SPRING Telephone 01460 242177 p41 www.avonbulbs.co.uk ) free of P&P only ( UK mainland Orders over £100 are sent AUG 20 AUG WINNERS OF… 30 Gold Medals at Chelsea in 31 years Avon bulbs SEP 20 contacts Email: Welcome [email protected] Web: OCT 20 When Lockdown occurred in March we were all concerned as to how the year would turn www.avonbulbs.co.uk out with all our events from small plant sales to the big flower shows being cancelled. Tel: Having potted all we needed for these events the previous autumn this looked serious 01460 242177 with only weeks to go before those plants flowered! We managed at short notice to 01460 249060 list and sell by Mail Order much of what we should have taken to those flower shows, although time was not on our side with such an early and hot spring. However, with Burnt House Farm the welcome support of our customers old and new we managed to sell most of those Mid Lambrook South Petherton, plants - although in retrospect we began to realise that the cost of delivery of potted Somerset plants and all that compost is somewhat different from the bulbs alone! TA13 5HE With little to look after and no shows to be busy at we then had to furlough the staff on a rotational basis and reduce things to a skeleton crew for 6 weeks.
    [Show full text]