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Abstractband Jahrestagung der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft Herausforderungen an die Pharmazie im 21. Jahrhundert 8.-11. Oktober 2008 in Bonn Abstractband Fachgruppe Pharmazie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms- Universität Bonn Inhalt: Abstracta der Vorträge und Posterbeiträge Plenarvorträge Kurzvorträge Fachgruppensymposien Fortbildungssymposium Pharmaziehistorische Veranstaltung Posterbeiträge Autorenverzeichnis Über die Funktion „Lesezeichen“ können die Abstracta der einzelnen Bereiche aufgerufen werden. Am Ende des Dokuments finden Sie ein Autorenverzeichnis mit Angabe der entsprechenden Nummern. Bouvier Verlag, Bonn ISBN 978-3-416-03241-4 Plenarvorträge Plenarvorträge Mittwoch, 8. Oktober 13.30-14.15 Dr. Michael Ausborn Anforderungen an die industrielle Pharmaforschung im 21. Jahrhundert 16.30-17.15 Prof. Dr. Bernd Fleischmann Neue Aspekte der zellulären Ersatztherapie 17.15-18.00 Prof. Dr. Dr. H.-Erich Wichmann Rauchen und Passivrauchen - aktueller Stand der Epidemiologie Donnerstag, 9. Oktober 09.00-09.45 Prof. Dr. Rupert Gerzer Zurück zum Mond, nach vorne zum Mars: Zukunftsherausforderungen für Raumfahrtmedizin und –pharmazie 10.00-10.45 Prof. Dr. Helga Rübsamen-Waigmann Antivirale Antiinfektiva – vom therapeutischen Nihilismus zu wirksamen Behandlungen 14.00-14.45 Prof. Dr. Jonathan Hall Targeting RNA with Oligonucleotides 16.15-17.00 Prof. Dr. Daniel Grandt Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit als interdisziplinäre Herausforderung: Was können Pharmazeuten dazu beitragen? Freitag, 10. Oktober 09.00-09.45 Prof. Dr. Ulrike Holzgrabe Unkonventionelle Therapiekonzepte: von orthosteren Antagonisten zu allosteren Modulatoren und Agonisten 10.00-10.45 Prof. Dr. Peter Kleinebudde Arzneimittelqualität und Innovation im Spannungsfeld zwischen Wissenschaft und Kostendruck 11.15-12.00 Prof. Dr. Emil Reisinger Klimaveränderungen und Medizin: Neue Infektions- und Tropenkrankheiten ante portas in Europa? PHARMACEUTICAL R&D CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF THE 21ST CENTURY Ausborn, Michael F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland Despite increased spending patients, health authorities and the pharmaceutical industry face a declining R&D output. The talk will outline some of the challenges and resulting opportunities for the pharmaceutical industry and modern pharmaceutical technology. Long lasting and extremely costly confirmatory clinical trails in large patient populations are the result of increasing regulatory safety requirements. Subsequently larger patient populations need to be tested to prove efficacy and safety. An emerging trend is the move from large poorly defined patient populations towards targeted and personalized healthcare solutions. With the hunt for higher potent drugs and reduced toxicity profiles molecular characteristics of new drug candidates have developed unfavorably for the formulation scientist. 15 years ago, nearly all drug candidates were orally bioavailable molecules with reasonable pharmaceutical properties. Modern medicinal chemistry and high throughput screening technologies led to drug candidates with challenging formulation properties. The presentation will discuss recent trends and innovation in pharmaceutical technology to overcome such formulation challenges. Over the last 10 years, proteins have emerged as successful treatment modalities posing new delivery challenges to pharmaceutical scientists that will be discussed in more detail. Recently siRNA became of high interest as new treatment modalities offering intriguing possibilities to influence biological pathways already at the protein expression level. However, as these new drug candidates act specifically at the RNA level they must be delivered into the cell cytoplasm requiring highly specialized drug delivery systems. Rauchen und Passivrauchen – aktueller Stand der Epidemiologie Wichmann, H.-Erich Institut für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München IBE, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München Vortrag auf der Jahrestagung der Deutschen Pharmazeutischen Gesellschaft am 8.10.2008 in Bonn Tabakrauchen ist die wichtigste vermeidbare Ursache für Krebs. Etwa ein Drittel aller Krebssterbefälle in westlichen Ländern können auf das Rauchen zurückgeführt werden. Das Bronchialkarzinom steht dabei an führender Stelle. In Europa werden ca. 90% aller Lungenkrebssterbefälle bei Männern und 60% bei Frauen durch Rauchen verursacht. Das Risiko wird am stärksten durch die Dauer des Rauchens beeinflusst, aber auch die Anzahl der gerauchten Zigaretten spielt eine Rolle. Mit dem Rauchen aufzuhören reduziert das Risiko, und zwar um so mehr, in je jüngerem Alter man aufhört. Nach der neuesten Bewertung epidemiologischer Studien durch die IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) werden neben Tumoren der Lunge, Mundhöhle, Rachen, Kehlkopf, Speiseröhre (Plattenepithelkarzinom), Bauchspeicheldrüse, Nierenbecken und Harnblase zusätzlich Tumoren der Nasen-(neben)höhle, Nasenrachenraum, Speiseröhre (Adenokarzinom), Magen, Leber, Niere, Gebärmutterhals und myeloische Leukämie durch Rauchen verursacht. Daneben wird eine Vielzahl von Atemwegserkrankungen und Herzkreislauf-Krankheiten durch das Aktivrauchen verursacht. Passivrauch setzt sich zusammen aus dem vom Raucher exhalierten Hauptstromrauch und dem von der glimmenden Zigarette unmittelbar in die Umwelt abgegebenen Nebenstromrauch. Insgesamt enthält Passivrauch eine komplexe Mischung von Gasen, Dämpfen und Partikeln: Mehr als 4500 Stoffe, von denen mehr als 50 als Kanzerogene bekannt sind. Eine Reihe gesundheitlicher Gefährdungen des Menschen können aus einer Exposition gegenüber Passivrauch folgen: Lungenkrebs und prämenopausaler Brustkrebs werden durch Passivrauchen verursacht sowie Morbidität und Mortalität an Herz- Kreislauferkrankungen durch Passivrauch erhöht. Bei Kindern erhöht Passivrauchen das Risiko für Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, niedriges Geburtsgewicht, chronische respiratorische Symptome, Asthmainduktion und –exazerbation, Pneumonie, Mittelohrentzündung und Bronchitis. Für eine Anzahl weiterer Erkrankungen liegen Verdachtsmomente vor, wobei hier auf Grund einer noch eingeschränkten Datenlage noch keine abschließenden Bewertungen vorgenommen werden können. Der Schutz der Bevölkerung vor dem Rauchen und Passivrauchen stellt somit eines der wichtigsten Ziele der Prävention dar. "Zurück zum Mond, nach vorne zum Mars: Zukunftsherausforderungen für Raumfahrtmedizin und -pharmazie" Prof. Dr. med. Rupert Gerzer, Institut für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin des DLR, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln [email protected] Auf der Internationalen Raumstation trainieren die Astronauten täglich über zwei Stunden. Trotzdem werden Knochen- und Muskelumbau nicht gestoppt, das Herz- Kreislaufsystem dekonditioniert. Weltweit wird deshalb nach neuen Trainingsmöglichkeiten für Langzeitaufenthalte auf Raumstationen, Mondhabitats oder für Flüge zum Mars gesucht. Als derzeit aussichtsreichste neue Methode wird die Kurzarmzentrifugation angesehen. Deshalb wird derzeit begonnen, in weltweit abgestimmten Studien zu testen, ob es sinnvoll ist, künftig auf Langzeitmissionen Zentrifugen für das Training von Astronauten mit an Bord zu nehmen. Ab 2020 sind wieder regelmäßige bemannte Flüge zum Mond geplant. Für die Medizin stellen unter anderem der Mondstaub – über 90 Prozent sind aggressive Nanopartikel -, die Strahlung, die Schwerelosigkeit, die häufigen Druckwechsel beim Ein- und Ausstieg und natürlich mögliche Notfälle besondere Herausforderungen dar. Parallel beginnt derzeit die Ära der privaten kommerziellen Raumfahrt mit Suborbitalflügen bis in etwa 110 km Höhe (wer höher als 100 km fliegt, gilt als „Astronaut“). Für diese Touristen müssen Tauglichkeitskriterien entwickelt und international abgestimmt werden. Tauglichlkeitskriterien für Weltraumtouristen werden erheblich von heute üblichen Kriterien abweichen. Insgesamt steht die Weltraummedizin und auch die Weltraumpharmazie heute vor einer Fülle neuer Herausforderungen in der jetzt anbrechenden faszinierenden neuen Aufbruchszeit der bemannten Raumfahrt. R. Gerzer ist seit 1992 Leiter des Instituts für Luft- und Raumfahrtmedizin des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) in Köln und Lehrstuhlinhaber für Flugmedizin an der RWTH Aachen. Er ist gleichzeitig Vorsitzender des Hochschulrats des Fachhochschule Bonn- Rhein-Sieg und Herausgeber der Zeitschrift Acta Astronautica. Antivirale Medikamente – vom therapeutischen Nihilismus zu wirksamen Behandlungen H. Rübsamen-Waigmann, AiCuris GmbH & Co. KG, Wuppertal Seit dem Auftreten von AIDS in den 1980er Jahren hat das Gebiet der antiviralen Therapie eine rasante Entwicklung genommen. Davon haben nicht nur Therapien von tödlichen Bedrohungen wie HIV profitiert, sondern auch die Behandlung von viralen Infektionen, die entweder überwiegend leichte Symptome hervorrufen oder erst nach vielen Jahren zu Krankheit und Tod führen, oder die nur bei immungeschwächten Personen ausbrechen. Nachdem das Wissen um HIV und um dessen Therapiemöglichkeiten groß ist, sollen in diesem Beitrag vier virale Erreger angesprochen werden, die man lange nicht adäquat behandeln konnte und/oder bei denen man sich mit einer nicht zufriedenstellenden Therapie abfinden musste: Herpes, das Cytomegalievirus sowie Hepatitis B und C. Innerhalb der Familie der Herpesviren finden sich acht humanpathogene Erreger, die teilweise schwerwiegende Erkrankungen hervorrufen können. Neben dem Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), welches die bekannten Symptome (Bläschen und Schwellungen an der Lippe und im Genitalbereich) hervorruft, ist in diesem Zusammenhang auch das humane Cytomegalovirus
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