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Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 2 Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 2: Consumer Protection and Fair Credit Consumer Fraud Prevention and Recovery Telemarketing Scams Identity Theft Contests and Prizes Sports Fantasy Games Gift Cards Paid Fundraising Home Heating Fuels New Car Lemon Law Home Improvement Fraud Three-Day Right-to-Cancel Discount Membership Programs Rent-To-Own Items Third-Party Telephone Billing Illegal Lending Addressing Consumer Fraud Credit Transactions Credit Discrimination Debt Collection Practices Credit Bureaus and Consumer Reporting Agencies Chapter 3: Domestic Relations Marriage Civil Unions Legal Separation Divorce Establishing Parentage Child Support Child Support Enforcement Enforcement of a Court Order Changing or Modifying Court Orders Separation of Unmarried Couples and Couples Not Joined by Civil Union Child Snatching Chapter 4: Education Discrimination, Harassment, Hazing and Bullying No Child Left Behind Act Students with Disabilities Education of Pregnant and Parenting Students Grants for Students Formerly in DCF Custody Chapter 5: Employment Rights Wages Flexible Working Arrangements Parental, Medical, Earned Sick Leave, and Other Types of Work Leave Workplace Health and Hygiene Drug Testing Unemployment Compensation Workers’ Compensation Discrimination and Harassment Sex or Gender Discrimination Questions Employers May Ask Pay Discrimination Sexual Harassment Pregnancy Discrimination Nursing Mothers Other Forms of Employment Discrimination Disability Reasonable Accommodation Retaliation and Whistleblower Protection Polygraph Protection Labor Trafficking Chapter 6: Housing and Property Rights Women’s Rights When Renting or Buying A Home Rights and Responsibilities of Tenants and Landlords in Vermont Mobile Home Park Residents’ Rights Property Taxes Property Rights in a Marriage/Civil Union Property Rights of Unmarried Couples Chapter 7: Immigration Becoming a Lawful Permanent Resident Removal (Deportation) Proceedings Special Provisions for Battered Immigrants Special Provisions for Victims of Human Trafficking Special Immigrant Juvenile Status Immigration and Benefits Chapter 8: Insurance General Insurance Law Life Insurance Disability Insurance Credit Insurance Filing a Complaint Health Insurance Long-term Care Insurance Health Insurance Consumer Help Health Privacy Chapter 9: Name & Gender Marker Changes Name Changes Gender Marker Changes Chapter 10: Public Accommodations Public Accommodations – Defined Sex Discrimination Breastfeeding Sexual Orientation Discrimination Marital Status Discrimination Disability Discrimination Addressing Discrimination Chapter 11: Public Assistance and Government Benefits Social Security Supplementary Security Income (SSI) Veterans Benefits Reach Up 3SquaresVT (Formerly Food Stamps) Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Child Care Financial Assistance Essential Person General Assistance (GA)/Emergency Assistance (EA) Emergency Housing Fuel Assistance Weatherization Assistance Vermont Health Connect Disability and Long-Term Care Free and Low-Cost Medical/Dental Care Medicare HIV Insurance Assistance Lifeline Telecommunications Service Credit Program Micro Business Development Program (MBDP) Individual Development Account (IDA) Denials, Reductions or Terminations of Governmental Benefits Chapter 12: Reproductive Rights Birth Control Abortion Midwives STDs Chapter 13: Violence Against Women and Children Domestic Violence Sexual Violence Stalking Offenses Safety for Victims of Domestic and Sexual Violence and Stalking Sexting Child Abuse Sexual Crimes Against Children Human Trafficking Abuse of Vulnerable Adults Kidnapping Hate Crimes Crime Victims Assistance, Notification and Compensation Release of People Accused of a Violent Crime Sex Offender Registry Violent Career Criminals and Habitual Criminals Civil Actions for Crimes Against Women and Children Chapter 14: Wills, Probate Court, and Advanced Directives Wills Not Having a Will Other Forms of Property Distribution Probate Division of the Vermont Superior Court Advance Directives for Health Care Authority and Obligations of an Advanced Directive Agent Changing, Suspending or Revoking Your Advance Directive 7th Edition Editors: Gretchen S. Bailey, Esq., Vermont Commission on Women Commissioner Lilly Talbert, Hannah Lane, and Cary Brown, Vermont Commission on Women staff 7th Edition Contributing Editors: Patricia G. Benelli, Dakin & Benelli Dr. Donna Burkett, Planned Parenthood of Northern New England Anne Burmeister, Planned Parenthood of Northern New England Diane Dexter, Vermont Department for Children and Families John Franco, Law Office of John L. Franco Jr. Ted Hobson & Danielle Shaw, Consumer Assistance Program, Consumer Protection Unit of the Attorney General’s Office Erin Jacobsen, South Royalton Legal Clinic, Vermont Law School Jean Murray, Vermont Legal Aid Clare O'Shaughnessy, Vermont Agency of Education Karen Richards, Vermont Human Rights Commission Julio Thompson, Vermont Attorney General’s Office Auburn Watersong, Vermont Network Against Domestic and Sexual Violence Caryn Waxman, Downs Rachlin Martin Stephanie J. Willbanks, Vermont Law School 7th Edition Cheryl Hanna Legal Rights of Women Interns: We welcomed Vermont Law School (VLS) students Arden Florian ’16 and Maeve Callaghan ’16 as participants in the Cheryl Hanna Legal Rights of Women Internship in spring 2015. These interns researched state and federal statutes and worked with experts in the field to update this handbook. VLS professor Cheryl Hanna, an expert on constitutional law, women’s rights, and the Supreme Court, passed away in 2014. She was a frequent partner in and advocate of VCW’s work and had recruited and supervised VLS students to update this publication in 2011. VCW named this internship after her in tribute. She is missed. Said Marc Mihaly, president and dean of Vermont Law School, “Cheryl was a role model to many on the VLS campus and beyond, and we are pleased to see her legacy continue in the work of our mission-driven students.” The goal of The Legal Rights of Women in Vermont handbook is to help you begin to understand your rights and responsibilities under Vermont and Federal Law. Since 1977, this handbook has been a source of information for Vermont women, their families, and professionals that serve them. Written in plain and simple language, Legal Rights covers issues affecting all Vermonters. This publication has been developed with legal assistance, but does not constitute legal opinion or advice. Legal advice should come from an attorney of your choice who can take into account all the factors relevant to your particular situation. Laws change. At the end of each chapter, readers will find a date indicating the last time the chapter was reviewed and updated. Throughout this publication are references to Vermont Commission on Women’s Resource Directory. The directory can help you locate the most local and most appropriate resources related to the issue. If you are using the online version of The Legal Rights of Women in Vermont, words or phrases colored blue and underlined link directly to the appropriate section of the Resource Directory or to another chapter of The Legal Rights of Women in Vermont. At the end of each chapter are links to the relevant Vermont and Federal statutes online. Helpful information to read the statutes: “12 V.S.A. § 5131. et. seq” means Title 12 of the Vermont statutes, section 5131 and following sections. Although there are chapters listed under each title (which will help you locate the material more quickly) section numbers are consecutive throughout the entire title. This publication is produced by the Vermont Commission on Women (VCW). VCW is a non-partisan state agency advancing rights and opportunities for women and girls. Launched in 1964 by a call to action from President Kennedy, sixteen volunteer commissioners, along with representatives from organizations concerned with women's issues, guide VCW's public education, coalition building, and advocacy efforts. If you have questions or comments about this publication, please contact: 126 State Street | Montpelier | Vermont | 05633-6801 802-828-2841 | 800-881-1561 women.vermont.gov This chapter includes information about: Who Can Adopt Who Can Be Adopted Procedure for Adoption Rights of People Who Have Been Adopted Adoption of Stepchildren and Others Guardianship of a Minor Emancipation of a Minor If you are considering adoption, have been adopted, wish to be appointed guardian for a minor child, or want to understand how to become an emancipated minor, this chapter will help you understand your rights under Vermont law. Who Can Adopt You may petition for adoption in the Vermont Superior Court Probate Division if: a child has been placed with you for the purpose of adoption; you have been selected as a possible adoptive parent by a person authorized to make such a selection; you had physical custody of a child for at least six months just before the filing of the adoption petition, if the filing of the petition is allowed by the court; you are the child’s stepparent; you want to adopt an emancipated minor or an adult. A couple who is neither married nor in a civil union can adopt a child. Some Vermont Probate Division judges permit joint adoptions, while others may require the parties to go through a “stepparent or second parent” adoption procedure which is explained in a later section. If the couple ends their domestic relationship after the adoption, the Family Division of the Superior Court will determine the rights and responsibilities of each
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