The Deep Diving of the Loon and Old-Squaw and Its Mechanism
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SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN FRONTIERS PROGRAM #1503 "Going Deep" AIRDATE: February 2, 2005 ALAN ALDA Hello and welcome to Scientific American Frontiers. I'm Alan Alda. It's said that the oceans, which cover more than two thirds of the earth's surface, are less familiar to us than the surface of the moon. If you consider the volume of the oceans, it's actually more than ninety percent of the habitable part of the earth that we don't know too much about. The main reason for our relative ignorance is simply that the deep ocean is an absolutely forbidding environment. It's pitch dark, extremely cold and with pressures that are like having a 3,000-foot column of lead pressing down on every square inch -- which does sound pretty uncomfortable. In this program we're going to see how people finally made it to the ocean floor, and we'll find out about the scientific revolutions they brought back with them. We're going to go diving in the Alvin, the little submarine that did so much of the work. And we're going to glimpse the future, as Alvin's successor takes shape in a small seaside town on Cape Cod. That's coming up in tonight's episode, Going Deep. INTO THE DEEP ALAN ALDA (NARRATION) Woods Hole, Massachusetts. It's one of the picturesque seaside towns that draw the tourists to Cape Cod each year. But few seaside towns have what Woods Hole has. For 70 years it's been home to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution — an organization that does nothing but study the world's oceans. -
Macroscopic Embryonic Development of Guinea Fowl Compared to Other Domestic Bird Species 2 Araújo Et Al
R. Bras. Zootec., 48:e20190056, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820190056 Reproduction Full-length research article Macroscopic embryonic Brazilian Journal of Animal Science ISSN 1806-9290 www.rbz.org.br development of Guinea fowl compared to other domestic bird species Itallo Conrado Sousa de Araújo1* , Luana Rudrigues Lucas2, Juliana Pinto Machado3 , Mariana Alves Mesquita3 1 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Departamento de Zootecnia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. 2 Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde de Unaí, Faculdade de Veterinária, Unaí, MG, Brasil. 3 Universidade Federal de Goiás, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Goiânia, GO, Brasil. *Corresponding author: ABSTRACT - Since few studies have addressed the embryonic development of [email protected] Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), the objective of the present study was to evaluate Received: March 28, 2019 its embryonic development in the Cerrado region of Brazil and compare the results to Accepted: August 25, 2019 published descriptions of the embryonic development of other domestic bird species. How to cite: Araújo, I. C. S.; Lucas, L. R.; Machado, J. P. and Mesquita, M. A. 2019. The commercialized weight for Guinea fowl eggs used in the experiment was found to Macroscopic embryonic development of Guinea be 37.57 g, while egg fertility was 92%. Embryo growth rate (%) was higher on the fowl compared to other domestic bird species. sixth day of incubation relative to other days. The heart began beating on the third day Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 48:e20190056. of development, while eye pigmentation and upper and lower limb buds appeared on https://doi.org/10.1590/rbz4820190056 the sixth day. -
Clapper Rail (Rallus Longirostris) Studies in Alabama Dan C
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aquila Digital Community Northeast Gulf Science Volume 2 Article 2 Number 1 Number 1 6-1978 Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris) Studies in Alabama Dan C. Holliman Birmingham-Southern College DOI: 10.18785/negs.0201.02 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Holliman, D. C. 1978. Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris) Studies in Alabama. Northeast Gulf Science 2 (1). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol2/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Holliman: Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris) Studies in Alabama Northeast Gulf Science Vol. 2, No.1, p. 24-34 June 1978 CLAPPER RAIL (Rallus longirostris) STUDIES IN ALABAMAl Dan C. Holliman Biology Department Birmingham-Southern College Birmingham, AL 35204 ABSTRACT: The habitat and distribution of the clapper rail Rallus longirostris saturatus in salt and brackish-mixed marshes of Alabama is described. A total of 4,490 hectares of habitat is mapped. Smaller units of vti'getation are characterized in selected study areas. A comparison of these plant communities and call, count data is shown for each locality. Concentrations of clapper rails generally occurrecj in those habitats with the higher percentage of Spartina alterniflora. A census techni que utilizing taped calls is described. Trapping procedures are given for drift fences and funnel traps. -
Exploration of the Deep Gulf of Mexico Slope Using DSV Alvin: Site Selection and Geologic Character
Exploration of the Deep Gulf of Mexico Slope Using DSV Alvin: Site Selection and Geologic Character Harry H. Roberts1, Chuck R. Fisher2, Jim M. Brooks3, Bernie Bernard3, Robert S. Carney4, Erik Cordes5, William Shedd6, Jesse Hunt, Jr.6, Samantha Joye7, Ian R. MacDonald8, 9 and Cheryl Morrison 1Coastal Studies Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 2Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802-5301 3TDI Brooks International, Inc., 1902 Pinon Dr., College Station, Texas 77845 4Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 5Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 6Minerals Management Service, Office of Resource Evaluation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70123-2394 7Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 8Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M – Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, Texas 78412 9U.S. Geological Survey, 11649 Leetown Rd., Keameysville, West Virginia 25430 ABSTRACT The Gulf of Mexico is well known for its hydrocarbon seeps, associated chemosyn- thetic communities, and gas hydrates. However, most direct observations and samplings of seep sites have been concentrated above water depths of approximately 3000 ft (1000 m) because of the scarcity of deep diving manned submersibles. In the summer of 2006, Minerals Management Service (MMS) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admini- stration (NOAA) supported 24 days of DSV Alvin dives on the deep continental slope. Site selection for these dives was accomplished through surface reflectivity analysis of the MMS slope-wide 3D seismic database followed by a photo reconnaissance cruise. From 80 potential sites, 20 were studied by photo reconnaissance from which 10 sites were selected for Alvin dives. -
A Baraminological Analysis of the Land Fowl (Class Aves, Order Galliformes)
Galliform Baraminology 1 Running Head: GALLIFORM BARAMINOLOGY A Baraminological Analysis of the Land Fowl (Class Aves, Order Galliformes) Michelle McConnachie A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University Spring 2007 Galliform Baraminology 2 Acceptance of Senior Honors Thesis This Senior Honors Thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation from the Honors Program of Liberty University. ______________________________ Timothy R. Brophy, Ph.D. Chairman of Thesis ______________________________ Marcus R. Ross, Ph.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Harvey D. Hartman, Th.D. Committee Member ______________________________ Judy R. Sandlin, Ph.D. Assistant Honors Program Director ______________________________ Date Galliform Baraminology 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ, without Whom I would not have had the opportunity of being at this institution or producing this thesis. I would also like to thank my entire committee including Dr. Timothy Brophy, Dr. Marcus Ross, Dr. Harvey Hartman, and Dr. Judy Sandlin. I would especially like to thank Dr. Brophy who patiently guided me through the entire research and writing process and put in many hours working with me on this thesis. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their interest in this project and Robby Mullis for his constant encouragement. Galliform Baraminology 4 Abstract This study investigates the number of galliform bird holobaramins. Criteria used to determine the members of any given holobaramin included a biblical word analysis, statistical baraminology, and hybridization. The biblical search yielded limited biosystematic information; however, since it is a necessary and useful part of baraminology research it is both included and discussed. -
Onetouch 4.0 Scanned Documents
/ Chapter 2 THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BIRDS Storrs L. Olson Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC. I. Introduction 80 II. Archaeopteryx 85 III. Early Cretaceous Birds 87 IV. Hesperornithiformes 89 V. Ichthyornithiformes 91 VI. Other Mesozojc Birds 92 VII. Paleognathous Birds 96 A. The Problem of the Origins of Paleognathous Birds 96 B. The Fossil Record of Paleognathous Birds 104 VIII. The "Basal" Land Bird Assemblage 107 A. Opisthocomidae 109 B. Musophagidae 109 C. Cuculidae HO D. Falconidae HI E. Sagittariidae 112 F. Accipitridae 112 G. Pandionidae 114 H. Galliformes 114 1. Family Incertae Sedis Turnicidae 119 J. Columbiformes 119 K. Psittaciforines 120 L. Family Incertae Sedis Zygodactylidae 121 IX. The "Higher" Land Bird Assemblage 122 A. Coliiformes 124 B. Coraciiformes (Including Trogonidae and Galbulae) 124 C. Strigiformes 129 D. Caprimulgiformes 132 E. Apodiformes 134 F. Family Incertae Sedis Trochilidae 135 G. Order Incertae Sedis Bucerotiformes (Including Upupae) 136 H. Piciformes 138 I. Passeriformes 139 X. The Water Bird Assemblage 141 A. Gruiformes 142 B. Family Incertae Sedis Ardeidae 165 79 Avian Biology, Vol. Vlll ISBN 0-12-249408-3 80 STORES L. OLSON C. Family Incertae Sedis Podicipedidae 168 D. Charadriiformes 169 E. Anseriformes 186 F. Ciconiiformes 188 G. Pelecaniformes 192 H. Procellariiformes 208 I. Gaviiformes 212 J. Sphenisciformes 217 XI. Conclusion 217 References 218 I. Introduction Avian paleontology has long been a poor stepsister to its mammalian counterpart, a fact that may be attributed in some measure to an insufRcien- cy of qualified workers and to the absence in birds of heterodont teeth, on which the greater proportion of the fossil record of mammals is founded. -
References.Qxd 12/14/2004 10:35 AM Page 771
Ducks_References.qxd 12/14/2004 10:35 AM Page 771 References Aarvak, T. and Øien, I.J. 1994. Dverggås Anser Adams, J.S. 1971. Black Swan at Lake Ellesmere. erythropus—en truet art i Norge. Vår Fuglefauna 17: 70–80. Wildl. Rev. 3: 23–25. Aarvak, T. and Øien, I.J. 2003. Moult and autumn Adams, P.A., Robertson, G.J. and Jones, I.L. 2000. migration of non-breeding Fennoscandian Lesser White- Time-activity budgets of Harlequin Ducks molting in fronted Geese Anser erythropus mapped by satellite the Gannet Islands, Labrador. Condor 102: 703–08. telemetry. Bird Conservation International 13: 213–226. Adrian, W.L., Spraker, T.R. and Davies, R.B. 1978. Aarvak, T., Øien, I.J. and Nagy, S. 1996. The Lesser Epornitics of aspergillosis in Mallards Anas platyrhynchos White-fronted Goose monitoring programme,Ann. Rept. in north central Colorado. J. Wildl. Dis. 14: 212–17. 1996, NOF Rappportserie, No. 7. Norwegian Ornitho- AEWA 2000. Report on the conservation status of logical Society, Klaebu. migratory waterbirds in the agreement area. Technical Series Aarvak, T., Øien, I.J., Syroechkovski Jr., E.E. and No. 1.Wetlands International,Wageningen, Netherlands. Kostadinova, I. 1997. The Lesser White-fronted Goose Afton, A.D. 1983. Male and female strategies for Monitoring Programme.Annual Report 1997. Klæbu, reproduction in Lesser Scaup. Unpubl. Ph.D. thesis. Norwegian Ornithological Society. NOF Raportserie, Univ. North Dakota, Grand Forks, US. Report no. 5-1997. Afton, A.D. 1984. Influence of age and time on Abbott, C.C. 1861. Notes on the birds of the Falkland reproductive performance of female Lesser Scaup. -
Birds on San Clemente Island, As Part of Our Work Toward the Recovery of the Island’S Endangered Species
WESTERN BIRDS Volume 36, Number 3, 2005 THE BIRDS OF SAN CLEMENTE ISLAND BRIAN L. SULLIVAN, PRBO Conservation Science, 4990 Shoreline Hwy., Stinson Beach, California 94970-9701 (current address: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd., Ithaca, New York 14850) ERIC L. KERSHNER, Institute for Wildlife Studies, 2515 Camino del Rio South, Suite 334, San Diego, California 92108 With contributing authors JONATHAN J. DUNN, ROBB S. A. KALER, SUELLEN LYNN, NICOLE M. MUNKWITZ, and JONATHAN H. PLISSNER ABSTRACT: From 1992 to 2004, we observed birds on San Clemente Island, as part of our work toward the recovery of the island’s endangered species. We increased the island’s bird list to 317 species, by recording many additional vagrants and seabirds. The list includes 20 regular extant breeding species, 6 species extirpated as breeders, 5 nonnative introduced species, and 9 sporadic or newly colonizing breeding species. For decades San Clemente Island had been ravaged by overgrazing, especially by goats, which were removed completely in 1993. Since then, the island’s vegetation has begun recovering, and the island’s avifauna will likely change again as a result. We document here the status of that avifauna during this transitional period of re- growth, between the island’s being largely denuded of vegetation and a more natural state. It is still too early to evaluate the effects of the vegetation’s still partial recovery on birds, but the beginnings of recovery may have enabled the recent colonization of small numbers of Grasshopper Sparrows and Lazuli Buntings. Sponsored by the U. S. Navy, efforts to restore the island’s endangered species continue—among birds these are the Loggerhead Shrike and Sage Sparrow. -
Bird Observer
Bird Observer VOLUME 39, NUMBER 2 APRIL 2011 HOT BIRDS On November 20 the Hampshire Bird Club was waiting at Quabbin headquarters for the rest of the group to arrive when Larry Therrien spotted a flock of 19 swans in the distance— Tundra Swans! Ian Davies took this photograph (left). Since 2003 Cave Swallows have been a specialty of November, showing up in coastal locations in increasing numbers over the years. This year there was a flurry of reports along the New England coast. On Thanksgiving Day, Margo Goetschkes took this photograph (right) of one of the birds at Salisbury. On November 30, Vern Laux got a call from a contractor reporting a “funny bird” at the Nantucket dump. Vern hustled over and was rewarded with great views of this Fork-tailed Flycatcher (left). Imagine: you’re photographing a Rough- legged Hawk in flight, and all of a sudden it is being mobbed—by a Northern Lapwing (right)! That’s what happened to Jim Hully on December 2 on Plum Island. This is only the second state record for this species, the first being in Chilmark in December of 1996. On April 9, Keelin Miller found an interesting gull at Kalmus Beach in Hyannis. As photographs were circulated, opinions shifted toward a Yellow-legged Gull (left). Check out Jeremiah Trimble’s photo from April 13. CONTENTS BIRDING THE LAKEVILLE PONDS OF PLYMOUTH COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS Jim Sweeney 73 THE FINAL YEAR OF THE BREEDING BIRD ATLAS: GOING OVER THE TOP John Galluzzo 83 37 YEARS OF NIGHTHAWKING Tom Gagnon 86 LEIF J ROBINSON: MAY 21, 1939 – FEBRUARY 28, 2011 Soheil Zendeh 93 FIELD NOTES Double-crested Cormorant Has Trouble Eating a Walking Catfish William E. -
Appendix A. Supplementary Material
Appendix A. Supplementary material Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes) David Cernˇ y´ 1,* & Rossy Natale2 1Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, USA 2Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago 60637, USA *Corresponding Author. Email: [email protected] Contents 1 Fossil Calibrations 2 1.1 Calibrations used . .2 1.2 Rejected calibrations . 22 2 Outgroup sequences 30 2.1 Neornithine outgroups . 33 2.2 Non-neornithine outgroups . 39 3 Supplementary Methods 72 4 Supplementary Figures and Tables 74 5 Image Credits 91 References 99 1 1 Fossil Calibrations 1.1 Calibrations used Calibration 1 Node calibrated. MRCA of Uria aalge and Uria lomvia. Fossil taxon. Uria lomvia (Linnaeus, 1758). Specimen. CASG 71892 (referred specimen; Olson, 2013), California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA. Lower bound. 2.58 Ma. Phylogenetic justification. As in Smith (2015). Age justification. The status of CASG 71892 as the oldest known record of either of the two spp. of Uria was recently confirmed by the review of Watanabe et al. (2016). The younger of the two marine transgressions at the Tolstoi Point corresponds to the Bigbendian transgression (Olson, 2013), which contains the Gauss-Matuyama magnetostratigraphic boundary (Kaufman and Brigham-Grette, 1993). Attempts to date this reversal have been recently reviewed by Ohno et al. (2012); Singer (2014), and Head (2019). In particular, Deino et al. (2006) were able to tightly bracket the age of the reversal using high-precision 40Ar/39Ar dating of two tuffs in normally and reversely magnetized lacustrine sediments from Kenya, obtaining a value of 2.589 ± 0.003 Ma. -
Hybridization & Zoogeographic Patterns in Pheasants
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Paul Johnsgard Collection Papers in the Biological Sciences 1983 Hybridization & Zoogeographic Patterns in Pheasants Paul A. Johnsgard University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/johnsgard Part of the Ornithology Commons Johnsgard, Paul A., "Hybridization & Zoogeographic Patterns in Pheasants" (1983). Paul Johnsgard Collection. 17. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/johnsgard/17 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Papers in the Biological Sciences at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Paul Johnsgard Collection by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. HYBRIDIZATION & ZOOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN PHEASANTS PAUL A. JOHNSGARD The purpose of this paper is to infonn members of the W.P.A. of an unusual scientific use of the extent and significance of hybridization among pheasants (tribe Phasianini in the proposed classification of Johnsgard~ 1973). This has occasionally occurred naturally, as for example between such locally sympatric species pairs as the kalij (Lophura leucol11elana) and the silver pheasant (L. nycthelnera), but usually occurs "'accidentally" in captive birds, especially in the absence of conspecific mates. Rarely has it been specifically planned for scientific purposes, such as for obtaining genetic, morphological, or biochemical information on hybrid haemoglobins (Brush. 1967), trans ferins (Crozier, 1967), or immunoelectrophoretic comparisons of blood sera (Sato, Ishi and HiraI, 1967). The literature has been summarized by Gray (1958), Delacour (1977), and Rutgers and Norris (1970). Some of these alleged hybrids, especially those not involving other Galliformes, were inadequately doculnented, and in a few cases such as a supposed hybrid between domestic fowl (Gallus gal/us) and the lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae) can be discounted. -
Mitogenomics Supports an Unexpected Taxonomic Relationship for the Extinct Diving Duck Chendytes Lawi and Definitively Places the Extinct Labrador Duck ⁎ Janet C
Buckner, et al. Published in Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, 122:102-109. 2018 Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck Chendytes lawi and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck ⁎ Janet C. Bucknera, Ryan Ellingsona, David A. Goldb, Terry L. Jonesc, David K. Jacobsa, a Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States b Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States c Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 9340, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Chendytes lawi, an extinct flightless diving anseriform from coastal California, was traditionally classified as a sea Biodiversity duck, tribe Mergini, based on similarities in osteological characters. We recover and analyze mitochondrial Anatidae genomes of C. lawi and five additional Mergini species, including the extinct Labrador Duck, Camptorhynchus Ancient DNA labradorius. Despite its diving morphology, C. lawi is reconstructed as an ancient relictual lineage basal to the Labrador duck dabbling ducks (tribe Anatini), revealing an additional example of convergent evolution of characters related to Mitochondrial genome feeding behavior among ducks. The Labrador Duck is sister to Steller’s Eider which may provide insights into the California paleontology Duck evolution evolution and ecology of this poorly known extinct species. Our results demonstrate that inclusion of full length mitogenomes, from taxonomically distributed ancient and modern sources can improve phylogeny reconstruc- tion of groups previously assessed with shorter single-gene mitochondrial sequences. 1. Introduction an extended study by Livezey (1993) suggested placement in the eider genus Somateria.