Meteorology. Records of the Macquarie Island Station

AUSTRALASIAN ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION.

SCIENTIFIC EESULTS METEOROLOGY. RECORDS OF THE MACQUARIE ISLAND STATION.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. PAGE. 1. Eelating to the Reduction and Tabulation of the Meteorological Records of the Expedition: By B. W. Newman 11 2. The Location and Lay-out of the Macquarie Island Station: Notes by D. Mawson 13

TABLE I—ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. Hourly Values, Jan., 1912-Nov., 1913 : Recorder G. F. Ainsworth 15 „ „ Dec, 1914-Nov., 1915 : Recorder A. 0. Tulloch 62

TABLE II—AIR TEMPERATURE. Hourly Values, Jan., 1912-Nov., 1913 : Recorder G. F. Ainsworth 87 „ „ Dec, 1914-Nov., 1915 : Recorder A. C. Tulloch 134

TABLE III—RELATIVE HUMIDITY. Hourly Values, Jan., 1912-Nov., 1913 : Recorder G. F. Ainsworth 159 „ Dec, 1914-Nov., 1915 : Recorder A. C. Tulloch 206 8 AUSTRALASIAN ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION.

TABLE IV—VAPOUR PRESSURE. PAGE. Hourly Values, Jan., 1912-Nov., 1913 : Recorder G. F, Ainsworth 231 „ „ Dec, 1914-Nov., 1915 : Recorder A. G\ Tulloch 278

TABLE V—WIND VELOCITY AND DIRECTION. Hourly Values, Jan., 1912-Nov., 1913 : Recorder G. F. Ainsworth 304 .„ „ Dec, 1914-Nov., 1915 : Recorder A. G. Tulloch 328

TABLE VI—PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY, WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN VELOCITY EACH DIRECTION. Values at 9 a.m., noon, 3 p.m,, 6 p.m., and 9 p.m., Jan. 1912-Nov., 1913 : Recorder G. F. Ainsworth 354 Dec, 1914-Feb., 1915 : Recorder A. G. Tulloch 366 Hourly Values, March, 1915-Nov., 1915 : Recorder A. C. Tulloch 368

TABLE VII—MONTHLY SUMMARY OP PERCENTAGE FREQUENCY, WIND DIRECTION AND MEAN VELOCITY POR EACH DIRECTION. The 9 a.m., noon, 3 p.m., 6 p.m., and 9_p.m. observations for years 1912^13 : Computed by B. W. Newman 377 Hourly Values for year 1915 : Computed by B. W. Newman 380

TABLE VIII—SUNSHINE RECORDS; Two-hourly Values, Jan., 1912-Nov., 1913 : Recorder G. F: Ainsworth ... 383 „ Dec, 1914-Nov., 1915 : Recorder A. C. Tullooh 402

TABLE IX—CLOUD TYPES AND DIRECTIONS. The 9 a.m., 3 p.m., and 9 p.m. observations, Jan., 1912-Nov., 1913 : Recorder G. F. Ainsworth ... 416 The 9 a.m., noon, and 3, 6, and 9 p.m. observations, Dec, 1914-Nov., 1915 : Recorder A. C. Tulloch 439 *

TABLE X—ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS. Daily Records, Jan., 1912-Nov., 1913 : Recorder G. F. Ainsworth • ...... 451. „ „ Dec, 1914-Nov., 1915 : Recorder A. C. Tulloch 473 METEOROLOGY—MACQUARIE ISLAND STATION. 9

TABLE XI—DAILY WEATHER SUMMARIES. PAGE. Daily Summaries, Jan., 1912-Nov., 1913 : Eecorder G. F. Ainsworth 488 » Dec, 1914-Nov., 1915 : Recorder A. C. Tulloch 511

TABLE XII—DAILY SYNOPSES FROM " WIRELESS " REPORTS. Records, Dec, 1913-Nov., 1914 : Recorder H. Power 523

TABLE XIII. Records made at Lusitania Bay, Aug., 1912-Jan., 1913 : Recorders L. R. Blake, and H. Hamilton 357

TABLE XIV. Odd Records from Elevated Stations : Recorder L. R. Blake 543

TEXT FIGURES. Fig. 1.—General Map of Macquarie Island 12 Fig. 2.—Large-scale Map of the north end of Macquarie Island featuring 'the neighbourhood of the Meteorological Station 13

PLATES. PLATE I. Fig. 1.—George F. Ainsworth at the door of the Expedition hut at the Macquarie Island Station. He was Meteorologist-in-Charge from December, 1911, to December, 1913. Photo by P. CorrelJ. Fig. 2.—The Commonwealth Government party that manned the Station from December, 1914, to December, 1915. On the left Mr. A. C. Tulloch, the Meteorologist-in-Charge. In the centre is Mr. F. J. Henderson, wireless operator, who was then spending his second year at the Station. Photo by F. J. Henderson.

PLATE II. Fig. ].—The Commonwealth party that manned the Station from December, 1913, to December, 1914. In the centre is Harold Power, Meteorologist- in-Charge, who after successfully completing the year at the Island lost his life in the foundering of the vessel during the return voyage. On the left is F. J. Henderson, wireless operator. Photo by A. C. Sandell. Fig. 2.—Cloud "tablecloth" spread over the highlands of Macquarie Island. Photo by D. Mawson. •964—B 10 AUSTRALASIAN ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION,

PLATE III. PAGE, Fig, 1.—Looking north from the slopes of " Wireless " Hill across the spit to the main land mass of the Island. Photo by F. Hurley. Fig, 2.—The Expedition Hut and vicinity at the north end.of the spit, looking north-west from the slopes of " Wireless " Hill. Photo by P. Correll.

PLATE IV. Fig. 1.—The Wind-recording instruments installed on the spit, Macquarie Island. Photo by L. R. Blake. Fig. 2.—The Meteorological Screen installed on the spit, Macquarie Island. Photo by L. R. Blake.