From Rail Town to Trail Town: Examining Inherited Space & Place Along
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FROM RAIL TOWN TO TRAIL TOWN: SCHOOL UNDERPASSES EXAMINING INHERITED CENTRAL BUSINESS SPACE & PLACE DISTRICT ELEVATOR ALONG MIDWESTERN RAIL TRAILS DEPOT HOTEL INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS STOCK YARD SWITCHING YARD AUSTIN DUNN MADRID, IA 1951 MOTIVATIONS BACKGROUND & CONTEXT RAILS TO TRAILS TRAIL TOWNS PLACEMAKING A TYPOLOGY OF TRAIL GEOGRAPHIES A TYPOLOGY OF SPACES & STRUCTURES CASE STUDIES ROCHEPORT MO - KATY TRAIL MADRID IA - HIGH TRESTLE TRAIL LANESBORO MN - ROOT RIVER TRAIL REPLICABLE STRATEGIES SO WHAT TRANSPORTATION & EFFICIENCY Calories per per Kilometer Gram http://www.copenhagenize.com/2010/05/oh-so-efficient-bicycle.html INTIMACY MAY 15th, 2017 Booneville, MO GOOD ALSO GOOD NOT GOOD 1,300 MILES OF MIDWEST GLORY AN UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN GREENWAY SYSTEM MIDWEST HISTORICAL RAILROADS 40 mi 1850-PRESENT CENTRAL IOWA ACTIVE & ABANDONED LINES 40 mi BOONE MARSHALLTOWN AMES HIGH TRESTLE TRAIL DES MOINES METRO INDIANOLA 10 mi CENTRAL IOWA TRAIL SYSTEM 10 mi AMES MADRID SLATER WOODWARD HIGH TRESTLE PERRY BRIDGE ANKENY MINBURN MADRID HIGH TRESTLE BRIDGE WOODWARD 50,000 VISITORS ANNUALLY BENTON MACKAYE An Appalacian Trail: A Project in Regional Planning 1924 Orleans Sibley Spirit Lake McIntire Milford Riceville Cresco RidgewayDecorah Elma Alta Vista Calmar Primghar Orange Charles City City Clermont Sheffield Laurens Bradgate Belmond Sumner Elkader Rolfe Tripoli Rutland Clarksville Hampton Allison Waverly Readlyn Humboldt Coulter Storm Thor Shell Rock Denver Sioux Lake Hazleton Sageville City Waterloo Sageville Fort Dodge Correctionville Cedar Falls Independence Dyersville Dubuque Sergeant Bluff Rockwell Farley Grundy Hudson Lake City Eldora Center La Porte City View Lohrville Hubbard Bellevue Urbana Breda Story Conrad City Zearing Gladbrook Dysart Vinton Center Point Carroll Garrison Robins Springville Spragueville Marshalltown Marion Jefferson Ames Olin Toledo Cedar Mount Rhodes Tama Jamaica Madrid Huxley Rapids Vernon Clinton Perry Sheldahl Baxter Solon Camanche Yale Minburn Ankeny Mingo Long Grove Audubon Iowa West Panora Johnston Valeria Eldridge Linden Urbandale Altoona City Branch Exira Pleasant Hill Bettendorf Adel Waukee Riverdale Shelby Brayton Des Moines Davenport West Carlisle Riverside Muscatine Atlantic Des Moines Indianola Keota Conesville Oakland Council Washington Columbus Bluffs Junction Silver City Morning Sun Malvern Afton Chariton Albia Ottumwa Fairfield Stanton Albia Imogene Derby Eldon Humeston Shenandoah Diagonal Burlington Mount Ayr Leon Centerville Keosauqua Coin Donnellson Blanchard Lamoni Abandoned Rail Rail-Trail Rail-Trail Towns 30 mi What has been left behind by the railroad? How can it be transformed into places for people on trails? RAILS TO TRAILS National Trails System Act (NTSA) & Railbanking Nationally: 23,429 miles & counting Back-door access to cities and ecosystems Fink et al. 2001 TRAIL TOWNS Benton Mackaye & the Appalachian Trail Rural Revitalization Tourism & Economic Development Booneville Rocheport Portland Field sketches of rail-trail towns along the Katy Trail Mokane KEY ELEMENTS OF A TRAIL TOWN (Allegheny Trail Alliance): TRAILHEAD: access to the trail. PORTAL: point at which user exits the trail with intent of visiting community. PATHWAY: corridor between Portal and Center. Tebbets GATEWAY: enterance to the community. CENTER: central business district; hub for goods and services NODES: points of interest Jefferson City PLACEMAKING Space & place (Agnew 2011) “Each place only happens once” (Schneekloth & Shibley 1995) Rail-trails as placemaking Field sketch of rail-trail town along the Katy Trail What has been left behind by the railroad? How can it be transformed into places for people on trails? A TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH TO TRAIL-TOWN GEOGRAPHY SPACES AND STRUCTURES A TYPOLOGY OF TRAIL-TOWN GEOGRAPHY (ATA 2005) REMOVED TRAIL ALIGNMENT infrastructure to connect town & trail signage in lieu of visual connection Heritage Trail Farley, IA ADJACENT TRAIL ALIGNMENT infrastructure connections (on or off road) visual permeability trail-side development Rocheport, MO Katy Trail INTERNAL TRAIL ALIGNMENT clearly marked infrastructure vehicular conflict encourage dismouting from bicycle Root River Trail Lanesboro, MN A TYPOLOGY OF STRUCTURES AND SPACES RADICAL DEPOTS BRIDGES GRADING GRAIN YARDS TUNNELS & ELEVATORS UNDERPASSES RADICAL GRADING root river trail DEPOTS Consistent parkitecture on the Katy Trail Gothic Revival style http://www.lakesnwoods.com/LanesboroGallery.htm LANESBORO DEPOT LANESBORO VISITOR CENTER BRIDGES GRAIN ELEVATORS YARDS https://theperrynews.com/solar-and-wind-energy-economic-development-spur-perry-annexations-rezoning/ TUNNELS & UNDERPASSES A CASE STUDY APPROACH The value of case studies is their ability to “retain holistic and meaningful characteristics of real life situations” Yin 1994 What is a successful rail trail town? One indicator: THE BIKE SHOP MIDWESTERN RAIL-TRAILS EXPLORED Summer 2017 Bike Tour Outside of Bike Tour Katy Trail (MO) Illinois Prairie Path (IL) Great River Trail (IL) Military Ridge State Trail (WI) Heritage Trail (IA) Wabash Trace Nature Trail (IA) Great River State Trail (WI) High Trestle Trail (IA) Cannon Valley Trail (MN) Heart of Iowa Nature Trail (IA) Midtown Greenway (MN) Chichaqua Valley Trail (IA) Chippewa River Trail (WI) Raccoon River Valley Trail (IA) Red Cedar Trail (WI) Trestle to Trestle Trail (IA) Buffalo River State Park Trail (WI) Great Western Trail (IA) Root River State Trail (MN) Gay Lea Wilson Trail (IA) Harmony-Preston Valley State Trail (MN) Summerset Trail (IA) CASE STUDIES Lanesboro, MN Root River Trail Madrid, IA High Trestle Trail Rocheport, MO Katy Trail Inset maps via OpenStreetMap. Other map data via Iowa DNR, Missouri State Parks, and Minnesota Geospatial Commons QUICK FACTS Rocheport, MO Madrid, IA Lanesboro, MN Katy Trail High Trestle Trail Root River Trail Founded 1825 1883 1869 Southern Minnesota Missouri-Kansas-Texas Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Railroad Railroad; Chicago, Mil- Railroad Paul Railroad waukee, St. Paul Railroad Trail Constructed 1989 2003 ~1985 User Count 35,000 /yr 48,653 /yr 86,000 /yr Surface Type Crushed limestone Concrete Asphalt Minnesota Department of Natural Missouri State Parks; Rocheport MO City of Madrid, Dallas/Boone County Resources; Lanesboro Chamber of Key Players & Bed and Breakfast Association; City of conservation, Iowa Natural Heritage Commerce; Root River Trail Towns, Jurisdictions Rocheport; Friends of the Katy Trail Foundation; Friends of Boone Coun- Inc.; The Lanesboro Heritage Preser- ty Trails vation Commission; City of Lanes- boro BUSINESS DISTRICT DEPOT TUNNEL BRIDGE YARD Center Business District Gateway Routes of Engagement ROCHEPORT Trailhead Water Feature Portal Natural Area Nodes Structure inherited from railroad Diana Bend Conservation Area to the West Replica depot as trailhead & City Hall 200 ft N Imagery via Moniteau Creek crossing Google Maps Tunnel & Bridge as gateway Switchyards as trail parking BUSINESS DISTRICT ELEVATOR DEPOT YARDS Center Structure inherited Business District from railroad MADRID Gateway Routes of Engagement Trailhead Water Feature Portal Natural Area Nodes Underpass: mural on infrastructure Alleyway portal connects trail to town Quonset hut repurposed as watering hole Grade separated crossing 20 ft elevation change Grade separated crossing Switchyards as trailhead parking 200 ft Imagery via N MADRID, IA | HIGH TRESTLE TRAIL Google Maps Path as portal to town BUSINESS DISTRICT DEPOT BRIDGE LANESBORO 4 Grain storage Depot-style visitor center 4 3 3 Street crossings 1 Structure inherited from railroad Center 1 Business District Gateway Routes of Engagement Trailhead 200 ft Bridge as gateway Water Feature Portal Imagery via Natural Area Google Maps N Nodes CASE STUDIES, IN SUM Rocheport, MO Madrid, IA Lanesboro, MN Katy Trail High Trestle Trail Root River Trail Proximity to iconic Trail alignment into Historic character bridge and metro area historic downtown Dramatic natural features Trail-side businesses Thriving tourism What works and adaptive reuse of economy Human-scale urban buildings form Natural Features Connections to core Signage and wayfinding Steep grades between Alignment lacks clarity can improve user town and trail remain a upon entering downtown navigation of spread-out What can barrier assets work better Lacks engagement with Build connection to agriculture-related Develop public spaces adjacent park infrastructure along trail REPLICABLE STRATEGIES 1. COMMISSION ART ON (BIG) INFRASTRUCTURE 2. MAKE CONNECTIONS 3. ESTABLISH VISUAL PERMEABILITY (OR SIGNAGE) 4. PROMOTE ADAPTIVE REUSE 5. CREATE MOMENTS 6. RELATE TO NATURAL RESOURCES DRAMATIC APPEAL “Already basic it can be made spectacular. Here is something to be dramatized.” -Mackaye on the AT AN UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN GREENWAY SYSTEM REUSE OF INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL REVITALIZATION MEANINGFUL & MEMORABLE PLACES FOR PEOPLE REFERENCES Francis, M. (2001). A case study method for landscape architecture. Landscape Journal, 20(1), 15-29. Agnew, J. (2011). Space and place. Handbook of geographical knowledge, 2011, 316-331. Fleming, Steven. (2012). "Cycle space: Architecture & urban design in the age of the bicycle." Allegheny Trail Alliance. (2005). Trail towns: Capturing trail-based tour- ism. A Guide for communities in Pennsylvania. National Park Service. (1976). National Register of Historic Places Inven- tory - nomination form for Rocheport, MO. https://dnr.mo.gov/shpo/ Campbell, C. & Smallenberg, G. (1986). Landscape heritage & community nps-nr/76001108.pdf. change. Vancouver: