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Ligia Pallasii Phylum: Arthropoda, Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Isopoda, Oniscidea a Rock Louse Or Shore Isopod Family: Ligiidae

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Ligia Pallasii Phylum: Arthropoda, Crustacea Class: Malacostraca Order: Isopoda, Oniscidea a Rock Louse Or Shore Isopod Family: Ligiidae Phylum: Arthropoda, Crustacea Ligia pallasii Class: Malacostraca Order: Isopoda, Oniscidea A rock louse or shore isopod Family: Ligiidae Taxonomy: The genus Ligia was very briefly Rostrum: called Ligyda in the early 1900s. Since then, Eyes: Large, round, composite, and the genus has been split into four genera close to lateral margin (Fig. 1) (Welton and (Geoligia, Megaligia, Nesoligia and Ligia) Miller 1980). Separated in front by twice the based on morphological characters (e.g. length of the eye. antennulae, mouthparts, telson) (Jackson Antenna 1: First antennae are 1927). However, Van Name reduced these vestigial (Oniscidea, Brusca et al. 2007). genera to subgeneric status and reinstated Antenna 2: Second antennae reach the genus Ligia in 1936 (Brusca 1980). to middle of fourth thoracic segment (Fig. 1). Currently, these subgeneric names are rarely The second antennae are with peduncles of used and, instead, researchers refer to Ligia five articles: the first two are short, the third is pallasii (e.g. Brusca et al. 2007). twice as long as the second, the fourth is 1½ x longer than the third, and the fifth 1½ x Description longer than the fourth (Welton and Miller Size: To 35 mm in length (including uropods, 1980). The flagellum has 15 articles (Hatch which are 3 mm long) and approximately 11 1947). mm wide (Brusca and Brusca 1978). The Mouthparts: In order from outside of figured specimen (from Coos Bay) is 22 mm buccal cavity: maxillipeds with palp of five long. articles (Fig. 8), second maxillae with two Color: Mottled gray and often brown, with plumose processes on inner side of lobe (Fig. granular surface. 5), first maxillae with three plumose General Morphology: Isopod bodies are processes on the inner lobe (Fig. 4), and the dorso-ventrally flattened and can be divided mandible with large, broad molar surfaces, into a compact cephalon, with eyes, two and no palp (Fig. 3). antennae and mouthparts, and a pereon Pereon: First segment fused with head (thorax) with eight segments, each bearing followed by seven free pereonites. Contains similar pereopods (hence the name “iso- a tubular heart and cardiac ganglion pod”). Posterior to the pereon is the pleon, or consisting of six neurons (see Fig. 1, Sakurai abdomen, with six segments, the last of which and Wilkens 2003). is fused with the telson (the pleotelson) (see Pereonites: First four pereonites are Plate 231, Brusca et al. 2007). The Isopoda subequal, last three are somewhat shorter can be divided into two groups: ancestral along medial line and extend downward (“short-tailed”) groups (i.e. suborders) that laterally. Epimera (flattened lateral have short telsons and derived (“long-tailed”) extensions to pereonites) form broad plates, groups with long telsons, L. pallasii groups especially in males (Figs. 1, 4). among the former (see Fig. 3, Garthwaite and Pereopods: Seven pairs of delicate Lawson 1992; Brandt and Poore 2003; Plate walking legs. Carpus and merus of first pair is 248C, Brusca et al. 2007). The suborder to swollen and not grooved (Hatch 1947). which L. pallasii belongs, Oniscidea, is the Pleon: Pleon as wide as thorax and with five largest isopod suborder and the only fully- free pleonites and a short pleotelson (Fig. 1). terrestrial crustacean group (Brusca et al. Pleonites: First two pleonites narrow 2007). and without downwardly extending lateral Cephalon: More than twice as wide as long edges, which mark last three segments (Fig. with rounded anterior margin and without 1). lobes (Fig. 1) (family Ligiidae, Brusca et al. Pleopods: Paired breathing 2007). appendages beneath pleonites have whitish Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Ligia pallasii. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. A publication of the University of Oregon Libraries and the Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Individual species: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12719 and full 3rd edition: http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18839 Email corrections to: [email protected] tissue. Male genitalia, paired but not fused, is in Brusca et al. 2007). Ligia pallasii are fast present on second pleopods (Fig. 7). runners (Brusca 1980). Uropods: Terminal and styliform, with bases The Ligiidae are usually littoral, they about as long as wide. No process at inner can swim, but in our area are restricted to distal margin of basal joint (Fig. 6), uropod the upper littoral (spray) zone (Hatch 1947). rami equal and about twice the length of the They have terminal uropods that are 1 peduncle (less than /2 total body length, conspicuous dorsally, flagellum antenna Ligia, Hatch 1947). with more than 10 articles and eyes with Pleotelson: Rounded on middle of posterior more than 50 ommatidia each (Brusca et al. edge and postero-lateral projections not quite 2007). The Ligiidae can further be as long as middle (Fig. 1). distinguished from the other oniscidean Sexual Dimorphism: Males with penial families by having more than four articles in processes on second pleopods, and with the flagellum of the second antennae, and wide epimera (Fig. 2). Females, when by their lack of anterolateral head lobes. ovigerous, with oöstegites. Mature males are This family is represented by four local larger and broader than females (Carefoot species, two in the genus Ligia, including L. 1973a, but see Kozloff 1993). occidentalis and L. pallasii and two in the genus Ligidium, including L. gracile and L. Possible Misidentifications lactum. The former genus is semi-terrestrial The order Isopoda contains 10,000 species, and occurs in higher intertidal marine 1/2 of which are marine and comprise 10 habitats, while the two latter species occur suborders, with eight present from central in riparian habitats (Brusca 1980; Brusca et California to Oregon (see Brusca et al. 2007). al. 2007). Ligidium species have uropods Among isopods with small, short telsons, with processes at the inner distal margin, to there are several groups (i.e. suborders) articulate the endopod (Ligia species do including Phreatoicidea, Asellota, not). The genus Ligia is characterized by a Microcerberidea, Calabozoidea and pleotelson that bears posterolateral Oniscidea. projections (see Fig. 1) and a uropod that The monophyletic Oniscidea has endo- and exopod insertions at the (previously part of the paraphyletic same level (Ligidium species lack these Scyphacidae, see Holdrich et al. 1984 in projections) (Brusca et al. 2007). Schmidt 2000, 2002) is a fully-terrestrial The species closest to L. pallasii on group composed of 4,000 described the northeastern Pacific shore is Ligia species, with 22 known locally (among 10 occidentalis, an inhabitant mostly of rocky families, Schmidt 2002; Brusca et al. 2007). outer shores, which, like L. pallasii, is often Members are characterized by seven found near fresh-water seeps (Wilson 1970). pereonites, the first not fused with the head, It can tolerate greater extremes of dryness seven pairs of pereopods, male penes on than L. pallasii. The two species can be the sternum of pereonite seven, a distinguished morphologically. Ligia pleotelson that does not curve dorsally, occidentalis is narrower than L. pallasii, vestigal (or very small) antennules and a being over twice as long as wide and its eyes pleon with five free pleonites (Brusca et al. that are closer together, about one eye's 2007). The first and second pleopods are length apart (Garthwaite and Lawson1992). also elongated in males for copulation, Furthermore, its uropod bases are several many species have a water conducting times longer than broad (L. pallasii's are system and some have respiratory almost square) (Brusca et al. 2007). Its structures on pleopods called second antennal flagella are longer, pseudotracheae. The Oniscidea can be extending to the sixth thoracic segment, and divided into three major ecological groups: contain 29 articles, not 15. This species the runners (slender bodies with long occurs on rocky shores, from Oregon south pereopods, the clingers (broad bodies with (Brusca et al. 2007). short pereopods) and the rollers (convex bodies that roll into balls) (Schmalfuss 1984 Hiebert, T.C. 2015. Ligia pallasii. In: Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates: Rudys' Illustrated Guide to Common Species, 3rd ed. T.C. Hiebert, B.A. Butler and A.L. Shanks (eds.). University of Oregon Libraries and Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR. Ecological Information Abundance: Ligia pallasii is the most Range: Known range includes western common Ligia species on extreme northern Aleutians south to Santa Cruz, California California coast (Brusca and Brusca 1978). (Welton and Miller 1980). Across this range, Abundant along the open coast from Alaska there are three distinct clades (mitochondrial to San Francisco, California (Kozloff 1993). COI sequence data) and, within those clades, Life-History Information lower latitudes show greater divergence than Reproduction: Most isopods have separate those at northern latitudes (Eberl 2013). sexes (i.e. dioecious, Brusca and Iverson Local Distribution: Oregon sites include 1985) (although protogynous and protandric estuaries at Coos and Depoe Bay and species are known, Araujo et al. 2004; Boyko Florence, as well as outer shores (Hatch and Wolff 2014). Reproduction proceeds by 1947). copulation and internal fertilization where Habitat: Outer shore in deep crevices, under eggs are deposited within a few hours after ledges, and near freshwater seepage. copulation and brooded within the female Estuarine habitats in hard-packed beaches, marsupium (Brusca and Iverson 1985). The pilings, docks, as well as rocks. Individuals biphasic molting of isopods allows for cannot tolerate extreme wetting or drying for copulation; the posterior portion of the body extended periods and are often found in cool, molts and individuals mate, then the anterior moist conditions (Wilson 1970), preferring portion, which holds the brood pouch, molts shaded rocky cliffs and caves (Ricketts and (Sadro 2001). Embryonic development Calvin 1952; Eberl 2012) along the open proceeds within the brood chamber and is coast (Garthwaite and Lawson 1992).
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