CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL TRAWL FISHERY
Final Report (FR) January 2017
Client: Camanchaca Pesca Sur. S.A CAB : Bureau Veritas Certification
Authors: Edith Saá Julian Addison Gonzalo Macho Cynthia Fernández Macarena García
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Glossary
ACAP Agreement on Conservation of Albatross and Petrels. ACCOBAMS Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area. AEWA African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement. ASCOBANS Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas. B0 Equilibrium biomass under no fishing. Blim Limit Biomass Referent Point. Bmsy Biomass corresponding to the maximum sustainable yield. CAB Conformity Assessment Body. CBA Cuota Biológicamente Acceptable (Acceptable Biological Quotas). CCAMLR Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. CCAS Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals. CCT Comité Científico Técnico (Scientific and Technical Committee). CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals. CNP Consejo Nacional de Pesca (National Fishery Council). CPPS Comisión Permanente del Pacífico Sur (Permanent Commission for the South Pacific). CPUE Catch per Unit Effort. CZP Consejos Zonales de Pesca (Regional Fisheries Councils). EFP Extraordinary Fishing Permit. ETP Endangered, threatened or protected species. F Fishing Mortality. FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. FIPA Fondo de Investigación Pesquera y de Acuicultura (Fishery and Aquaculture Fund). Fmsy Fishing Mortality giving maximum sustainable yield. Fsq Current Fishing Mortality. HCR Harvest Control Rule. IFOP Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (Institute for Fisheries Research). INPESCA Instituto de Investigación Pesquera (Fisheries Research Institute). ITQ Individual Transferable Quota. FR Page 2 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature. LGPA Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura (General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture). LTP Licencias transables de pesca (Tradable Fishing Licenses). MCS Monitoring, Control and Surveillance. MINECON Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo (Ministry of Economy, Public Works and Tourism). MSC Marine Stewardship Council. MSE Management Strategy Evaluation.
MSY Maximum Sustainable Yield.
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation.
OFWG Oceans and Fisheries Working Group.
P1 MSC Principle 1.
P2 MSC Principle 2.
P3 MSC Principle 3.
PI Performance Indicator . RAE Artisanal Harvest Regime. Research Fund). SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research.
SERNAPESCA Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura (National Fisheries Service).
SG Scoring Guidepost.
SSB Spawning Stock Biomass.
SUBPESCA Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura (Undersecretariat of Fisheries and Aquaculture).
TAC Total Allowable Catch.
UoA Unit of Assessment.
UoC Unit of Certification.
VME Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem.
VMS Vessel Monitoring System.
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CONTENT
Glossary...... 2
1 Executive Summary ...... 6
2 Authorship and Peer Reviewers ...... 7
3 Description of the Fishery ...... 10
3.1 Unit(s) of Assessment (UoA) and Scope of Certification Sought ...... 10
3.1.1 UoA and Proposed Unit of Certification (UoC) ...... 10
3.1.2 Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and Catch Data ...... 11
3.2 Overview of the fishery ...... 12
3.3 Principle One: Target Species Background ...... 19
3.4 Principle Two: Ecosystem Background ...... 50
3.5 Principle Three: Management System Background...... 73
4 Evaluation Procedure ...... 83
4.1 Harmonised Fishery Assessment ...... 83
4.2 Previous assessments ...... 83
4.3 Assessment Methodologies ...... 83
4.4 Evaluation Processes and Techniques ...... 83
4.4.1 Site Visits and consultations ...... 83
4.4.2 Evaluation Techniques ...... 85
5 Traceability ...... 87
5.1 Eligibility Date ...... 87
5.2 Traceability within the Fishery ...... 87 FR Page 4 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
5.3 Eligibility to Enter Further Chains of Custody ...... 92
6 Evaluation Results ...... 93
6.1 Principle Level Scores ...... 93
6.2 Summary of PI Level Scores ...... 93
6.3 Summary of Conditions ...... 96
6.4 Recommendations ...... 96
References ...... 98
Appendix 1 Scoring and Rationales ...... 105
Appendix 1.3 Conditions ...... 194
Appendix 2 Peer Review Reports...... 208
Appendix 3 Stakeholder submissions ...... 245
Appendix 4 Surveillance Frequency ...... 251
Appendix 5 Support for Client Action Plan ...... 252
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1 Executive Summary
This report provides details of the MSC assessment process for the Chile squat lobsters Camanchaca trawl fishery. The assessment process began on 15th October 2015 with the announcement of the fishery. The client Camanchaca Pesca Sur. S.A is the owner of the certificate.
One of the main steps when assessing fishery compliance with the International MSC Standard involves meeting with the stakeholders to gather all the relevant information and become aware of any potential issues. The site visit was carried out the week of November 16th, 2015 with selected organisations and individuals with a direct interest in this fishery. The fishery site visit enabled the assessment team to meet with scientists and managers, individual harvesters; the clients; and representatives from environmental/conservation organizations.
After the site visit, the team compiled and analysed all the relevant information, as well as the technical, written, and anecdotal resources collected during the visit. Each expert prepared a draft score and justification, and then discussed and weighed up the evidence. Bureau Veritas Certification hereby opened a 30 calendar day consultation period starting 28 th July 2016 to provide stakeholders the opportunity to submit any new information in relation to this fishery.
The final assessment team for this fishery assessment comprised of Macarena García who acted as team leader; Julian Addison who was Principle 1 specialist; Gonzalo Macho and Cynthia Fernandez who were responsible for evaluation of Principle 2; Edith Saa who was responsible for evaluation of Principle 3.
The squat lobster fisheries is under development for more than 50 years based on the explotation of the following species: Nylon shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi ), shrimp (Haliporoides diomedeae ), yellow squat lobster (Cervimunida johni ) and red squat lobster (Pleuroncodes monodon ). Only the last two are included in the Units of assessments evaluate herein. These resources are very important in term of social and economical point of view.
Client strengths » Principle 1: comprehensive data collection, stock assessment, well defined target reference points based on MSY defined, management systems. The fishery is managed through well defined Harvest Control Rules.
» Principle 2: IFOP monitor and report on demersal crustacean fisheries using data from the fishing activity; Client commitment with the discard Plan Project.
» Principle 3: The fisheries operate within a comprehensive legal and customary framework in which long term objectives are clearly defined.
Client weaknesses » Stock biomass estimates for red squat lobster in the southern region have shown recent signs of decline and are currently significantly below B msy » Principle 2: The results of the discard Projects are not yet available. Therefore, there are gaps in information in relation to the level of discarding of both target and non-target species.
Both the assessment team and the Certification Body, Bureau Veritas, agreed that, on review, the Chile squat lobsters Camanchaca demersal trawl fishery complies with MSC Principles and Criteria and should be certified as a, “Well Managed and Sustainable Fishery. However, the Conformity Assessment Body (CAB) has set 7 conditions for certification, which must be addressed in a specified timeframe.
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2 Authorship and Peer Reviewers
Regarding to the team which carried out this full assesment in charge to Bureau Veritas Certification is formed by:
Cynthia Fernandez , expert assessor under Principle 2. She has a degree in Biological Sciences from the Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Argentina (2007) and holds a Master in Management Sustainable Development at the Universidad de Vigo, Spain (2014). Since 2000 he worked on different projects related to the conservation and management of natural resources in Patagonia Argentina and Spain. In the Chubut province (Argentina) has done consulting and technical assistance on artisanal and sport fisheries of tehuelche scallop fishery and salmon on rocky reefs for CENPAT-CONICET (Centro Nacional Patagónico - National Council of Scientific and Technical Research) and recovery of natural areas in Peninsula Valdes (World Heritage Site by Unesco) for the Fundacion Vida Silvestre Argentina. He has also participated in projects of the Pew Environment Group-The Pew Charitable Trusts to know the situation of Antarctic krill fisheries and toothfish, and she has coordinated the edition of the book "State of Conservation Patagonian Sea "for the Forum for the Conservation of the Patagonian Sea (2007-2008) in which was made a review of fishing activity and the state of the principal exploited species: squid, shrimp and hake. Cynthia continued his training in the field of sustainability and distribution of coastal-marine resources through distribution models tools and geographic information systems (GIS). Currently she is a student of the PhD program "Marine Sciences, Technology and Management” of Campus do Mar and serves as an independent consultant producing reports on the state of fish stocks and fisheries. Is qualified as Team Member for MSC Fishery.
Edith Saa Collantes, expert assessor under Principle 3. She is fisheries engineer. She obtained her degree at the Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. She worked between 1976- 1991 at Servicio Nacional de Pesca. After that through 1993 to 2006, she developed her work at Subsecretaria de Pesca. First as manager of the Departamento de Estudios. After, as manager of División de Pesca. She has participated on the elaboration of several laws regarding to fisheries activities which they were set between 1991 and 2014. She gained experience as assessor of the Ministerio de Economía throughout 2008 to 2010 with her participation on the Salmon workshop. There, she collaborated to modify the fishery law and the normative regarding to fishing, aquaculture and impacts on the environmental. Nowadays, she is working as an independent assessor of fisheries activities.
Gonzalo Macho, expert assessor under Principle 2. His background comes as a marine biology and fisheries management researcher (1998 - ongoing), as a manager in fisheries resources for the fishers´ guild of Bueu in Galicia, Spain (2007-2008), and as an independent consultant in fisheries & marine ecology (2011 - ongoing). While in the Cofradía de Bueu he launched the MSC pre- assessment and final assessment of the razor clam fishery of the Ría de Pontevedra (Galicia, Spain) which was finally the first Spanish fishery being certified by MSC.
He has published more than 15 publications (SCI peer-reviewed journals) and participated in more than 20 national and international scientific projects on population dynamics of marine fishing resources (razor clams, cockles, gooseneck barnacle, clams & sea urchins), fisheries management and governance (octopus, razor clams, gooseneck barnacle, scallops, abalones, deep-sea fishes in Argentina, Chile, Spain and EU), reform of the EU common fisheries policy, marine socio- ecological systems, fisheries socio-economics and climate change impacts on marine invertebrates.
Julian Adisson , expert assessor under Principle 1, is an independent fisheries consultant with 30 years’ experience of stock assessment and provision of management advice on shellfish fisheries, and a background of scientific research on shellfish biology and population dynamics and inshore FR Page 7 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY fisheries. Until December 2010 he worked at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas) in Lowestoft, England where he was Senior Shellfish Advisor to Government policy makers, which involved working closely with marine managers, legislators and stakeholders, Government Statutory Nature Conservation Organisations and environmental NGOs. He has also worked as a visiting scientist at DFO in Halifax, Nova Scotia and at NMFS in Woods Hole, Massachusetts where he experienced shellfish management approaches in North America. For four years he was a member of the Scientific Committee and the UK delegation to the International Whaling Commission providing scientific advice to the UK Commissioner. He has worked extensively with ICES and most recently was Chair of the Working Group on the Biology and Life History of Crabs, a member of the Working Group on Crangon Fisheries and Life History and a member of the Steering Group on Ecosystems Function. He has extensive experience of the MSC certification process primarily as a P1 team member but also as a P2 team member and team leader, undertaking MSC full assessments for the Newfoundland and Labrador snow crab fishery, the Ireland and Northern Ireland bottom grown mussel fisheries, both the Estonia and Faroe Islands Barents Sea cold water prawn fisheries, the Nephrops fishery in the Skagerrak and Kattegat, separate assessments for the Swedish, Danish and Norwegian Skagerrak and Norwegian Deep cold water prawn fishery, the Eastern Canada offshore lobster fishery, the Limfjord mussel and cockle fisheries, Chilean crustacean fisheries and North Sea brown shrimp fisheries. He has also undertaken MSC pre-assessments, numerous annual surveillance audits and has carried out peer reviews of MSC assessments in both Europe and North America of lobster, cold water prawn, razorfish, cockle, scallop and slipper limpet fisheries. Other recent work includes a review of the stock assessment model for blue crabs in Chesapeake Bay, USA, and an assessment of three Alaskan crab fisheries under the FAO-based Responsible Fisheries Management scheme.
Macarena García Silva, assessment team leader , she has an academic background includes a Bachelor of Science Degree in Environmental Science from the Madrid Polytechnic University (Spain) and a Master degree in Sustainable Management of Marine and Coastal Systems from Barcelona University (Spain). She was a manager in Inemar (Association for innovation in marine resources and sea studies). She has worked as an assistant in the Spanish Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs, carrying out different projects involving human activities and sea resources.
She has participated in several scientific publications, such as the “Ecological framework for the management of the different habitats in Spain (Council Directive 92/43/CE)”, “Supporting report accompanying the thematic cartography of the MedRAS Project”, and “Draft of the Basis for Marine Planning in Spain”. She was responsible for the scientific and technical coordination of the bilingual publication “The Seas of Spain” from the Spanish Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs, and responsible for the scientific and technical coordination of the bilingual publication “Human Activities in the Seas of Spain”.
She has been working as seafood auditor for Bureau Veritas Iberia (Agrofood Department) since September 2011, which involves the technical development of private sustainable labels and seafood companies’ policies. She is the lead auditor for Friends of the Sea, MSC fisheries full assessment and pre-assessment, the chain of custody, and other quality labels (DOP, Mexillon de Galicia, Pesca de Rías). She is the MSC assessment team leader for 7 fisheries moreover she has completed the pre- assessment of numerous fisheries. Since March 2015 she is Scheme Manager of the MSC fishery Standard for Bureau Veritas Iberia.
The Peer reviewers
Rob Blynth, has broad fisheries and environmental science, management and policy knowledge, having gained over nearly 20 years of postgraduate work in the marine field. Rob previously led the marine fisheries and aquaculture work of Natural England, the UK Government’s statutory advisor on nature conservation in England. Rob has also worked as Deputy Chief Fishery Officer for the Eastern Sea Fisheries Joint Committee, co-managing the activities of a staff of 16 Fishery Enforcement, Research and Environment Officers. He has been involved in assessing numerous MSC fisheries, including assessments of shrimp and lobster fisheries.
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Italo Camponico, is a Marine Biologist graduated from the Universidad de Chile with over 40 years experience in marine resources and fisheries management. Former head of the Fisheries Department of the Undersecretariat for Fisheries and Aquaculture (Chile) and for many years he was Chile’s representative to the oceans and fisheries related Working Groups of APEC as well as the head of the chilean scientific delegation to the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation. He is the autor of many scientific papers (crustacean and fish biology, toxic red tides, oil pollution) as well as technical reports in the field of marine commercial fisheries. Currently he is an independent fisheries consultant.
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3 Description of the Fishery
3.1 Unit(s) of Assessment (UoA) and Scope of Certification Sought
3.1.1 UoA and Proposed Unit of Certification (UoC)
Bureau Veritas Certification confirms that the fishery falls within the scope of the requested MSC certification for assessment. The fishery is not conducted under a controversial unilateral exemption to an international agreement. The fishery does not use destructive fishing practices such as poisons or dynamite. The fisheries for the target species are not are not enhanced fisheries and those species are not introduced species.
Following the Fishery Certification Requirements (V2.0), the UoA is defined as: “The target stock(s) combined with the fishing method/gear and practice (including vessel type/s) pursuing that stock, and any fleets, or groups of vessels, or individual fishing operators or other eligible fishers that are included in an MSC fishery assessment ”.
The Unit of certification is defined as : “Target stock(s) combined with the fishing method/gear and practice (including vessel type/s) pursuing that stock, and any fleets, or groups of vessels, or individual fishing operators that are covered by an MSC fishery certificate”.
Taking into account these definitions, in this fishery under assessment the CABs defines two UoAs based on two target species.
UoA 1: Red squat Lobster demersal trawl Stock (common name and Red Squat Lobster – Pleuroncodes Monodon scientists name) Fishing method Demersal trawl
Fishing area FAO Areas 87.2.14-87.2.15-87.2.16. Southern Zone Region V to VIII outside the area five miles parallel to the coastline and to the west boundary of the imaginary line at a distance of 60 nautical miles measured from the normal baselines. Fleet 3 demersal trawls vessels owned by Camanchaca Pesca Sur SA. (Table 1). Eligible fishers 8 vessels. Camanchaca quota may fish for their quota with other eligible vessel (Table 2).
UoA 2: Yellow squat lobster demersal trawl Stock (common name and Yellow Squat Lobster – Cervimunida johni scientists name) Fishing method Demersal trawl Fishing area FAO Areas 87.2.14-87.2.15-87.2.16. Southern Zone Region V to VIII outside the area five miles parallel to the coastline and to the west boundary of the imaginary line at a distance of 60 nautical miles measured from the normal baselines.
Fleet 3 demersal trawls vessels owned by Camanchaca Pesca Sur SA. (Table 1). Eligible fishers 8 vessels. Camanchaca quota may fish for their quota
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with other eligible vessel (Table 2).
The proposed vessels to be included in the UoC are listed in Table 1. Table 2 details the eligible vessels included in the UoA targeting the same stock using the same methods/gear and operating under the same management regime as the fishers included in the UoC. The rationale for chossing the UoA(s) is based on the following information: there are industrial; the length in all of them is more than 15 meters; the vessels have instrumental navigation, and echo sounders. In addition, they are required to have equipment for satellite positioning, which allows continuous monitoring of location. Moreover, the client is used to work together with the elegible fishers as for example fishing for their quota. Table 1. Camanchaca vessels (proposed UoC)
Name of the Register Fishing TRG Vessel Enrolment (place) Signal Register Owner (tons) Length (m) Camanchaca Nuestra Señora Valparai Pesca Sur, de la Tirana II 1784 so CB3293 1217 S.A 105,60 21,98 Camanchaca Valparai Pesca Sur, Altair I 1733 so CB3356 1206 S.A 94,49 22,50 Camanchaca Valparai Pesca Sur, Antares 1901 so CB2440 980 S.A 100 21,72
Table 2. Other Eligible fishers included in the UoA Fishin g Name of the Register Regist TRG Vessel Enrolment (place) Signal er Owner (tons) Lenght (m) Pesquero Pesquera CMK Crusoe I 2060 Valparaiso CB2484 32003 Limitada 77,921 21,97 Pesquera Cocha 1826 Valparaiso CB3495 25 Isladamas S.A. 84,085 21,95 Pesquero Isla Pesquera Orcas 1868 Valparaiso CB3387 85 Surise S.A. 84,085 21,95 Pesquero Pesquera Lonquimay 1840 Valparaiso CB2566 543 Isladamas S.A. 81,921 21,95 Sociedad Lancha Motor Pesquera Don Chelo I 538 San Vicente CB4747 1985 Genman Ltda. 49,63 16,68 Lancha Motor Sr Jorge Cofre Tome 606 San Vicente CB2711 32000 Reyes 49 17,8 Pesquera Polux 2234 Valparaíso CB2181 764 Sunrise S.A. 71,4 22 Pesquera Isla Foche 2111 Valparaíso CB3496 1065 Damas 81,085 22
3.1.2 Total Allowable Catch (TAC) and Catch Data
Table 3 TAC and Catch Data for UoA1. TAC Year 2015 Amount 5, 830 t* UoA share of TAC Year 2015 Amount 4,8 29.179 t UoC share of total TAC Year 2015 Amount 3,031. 168 t Total green weight catch by Year (most 2015 Amount 3,031. 168 t UoC recent) Year (second 2014 Amount 4,10 9.20 t most recent)
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*Global total quota 2015: 6,000 t. Target quota 2015: 5,830 excluding quota for research and by- catch.
Table 4 TAC and Catch Data for UoA 2 TAC Year 2015 Amount 1,970 t UoA share of TAC Year 2015 Amount 1,108.75 t UoC share of total TAC Year 2015 Amount 622.971 t Total green weight c atch by Year (most 2015 Amount 622.971 t UoC recent) Year (second 2014 Amount 145.512 t most recent) *Global total quota 2015: 2,027 t. Target quota 2015: 1,970 t excluding quota for research and by- catch. 3.2 Overview of the fishery Squat lobters belong to the family Galatheidae. They are characterized as demersal, they are detritus feeders and prefer muddy and hard substrates. The yellow squat lobster (Cervimunida johni) is endemic and is distributed between Taltal (25°19 'S) and Mocha Island (38°20' S) at depths between 200 and 400 m (Arancibia et al , 2005). However in recent years the commercial operation was centered between 29 ° S and 34 ° S, being captured between 150 and 350 m depth (Zilleruelo et al ., 2012). The yellow shrimp is a resource that has sustained an industrial crustacean groundfish fishery since its inception in the 50s. From the 60s, the fishing effort has increased reaching the highest amount landed in 1965, decreasing gradually until 1973, requiring the fleet to move south. So there are important fishing grounds of squat lobster. On the other hand, red squat lobster (Pleuroncodes Monodon) exploitation began in the late 60s when the fishing grounds were concentrated at San Antonio in Region V. In the late 70s, after a strong extractive pressure, the fleet traveled in search of fishing grounds south to Punta Achira and San Vicente in the Gulf of Arauco (Bahamonde et al., 1986). Between 1980 and 1982, fishing lead to resource depletion in the short term (Anon, 1991). Henceforth, with activity concentrated in Regions VII and VIII, there was no clear recovery which eventually led to enacting a second ban between 1989 and 1991. From 1991 direct assessments detected a significant recovery of the resource both, being declared a recovering fishery management regime and annual fees and individual transferable quotas (ITQs) were implemented. Both species of squat lobstersare exploited by industrial and artisanal trawl fisheries along a large part of the Chilean coast (26 o to 38 o S); South East Pacific FAO statistical area 87, within Chilean Administrative Regions XV to VIII. The commercial fishery began by exploiting the first species and has gradually shifted to harvesting the second. The red squat lobster fishery began in 1966 off San Antonio ( 33°3S"S) but has gradually moved southward and now extends to Talcahuano (37°S). There are two possible explanations for this shift in fishing area; (1) increased fishing pressure, and (2) changes in the natural environment. Some support for the second explanation is seen by simultaneous changes observed in other species which may be due to cyclic changes in the environment. Data on the fishery has been collected from 1966 to the present from the area between Coquimbo (30°S) and Talcahuano by the Instituto de Fomento Pesquero (IFOP) by monitoring the fleet at landing ports and from research surveys. From 1979 to present, research surveys of the fishing ground have been conducted in an area from 38º to 27°S between depths of 70 to-350 m and using bottom trawls designed for catching squat lobsters. For yellow squat lobster there are two fishery units: i) the Northern Unit extends within the northern limit of Region III and the southern limit of Region IV, and ii) the Southern Unit extends within limits of Regions V and VIII. This assessment only covers the yellow squat lobster for the industrial fishery of the southern fishery unit. For red squat lobster there are also two fishery units: i) the Northern Unit extends from the northern limit of Region XV (boundary with Peru) to the southern limit of Region IV, and ii) the Southern Unit extends within the limits of Regions V and VIII. AS in the other UoA this assessment the whole extent of the southern fishery unit. The fishery areas between V-VIII Chilean regions, FAO 87.2.14-87.2.15-87.2.16 is shown in the map below (Figure 1). FR Page 12 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
. Figure 1 Administrative regions of Chile (Yellow: yellow squat lobster; Orange: red squat lobster . The fishing area is situated between V-VIII Chilean regions. Source: Zilleruelo et al 2012
History and management of the red squat lobster fishery
The fishery of the Southern red squat lobster stock is considered to be under Recovery regime (D.S. MINECON Nº430/1991). The fishery was closed in 2001. Whilst historically, the highest landings in the south were in 1979 with 30,000 tonnes, more recently landings peaked at 12,000 tonnes in 1998- 99, but were just over 6,000 tonnes in 2013-14 .The landings in recent years have not exceeded the quotas and the most recent figures for 2015 show that landings are below quotas (Figure 2).
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Figure 2 Annual landings (red line) and quotas (bars) of red squat lobster for southern zona. Source: SERNAPESCA
The 2016 quota was 3,231 t (D.E N o 944/2015) with a quota of 64 t for research and 37 t for bycatch. 2016 allocation was as follows:
History and management of the yellow squat lobster fishery
The fishery of the Southern yellow squat lobster stock is considered as a Fishery under Recovery regime (D.S. MINECON Nº787/1996). The fishery has been subject to conservation measures, such as biological and seasonal closures and catch quotas. There is an annual closed season between the beginning of January through March for both units. The southern fishery was closed between 2001 and 2007.
In the southern region, landings were around 4,000 tonnes in 1997-1998, but declined significantly prior to the closure of the fishery in 2001. Landings recovered to around 2,500 tonnes in 2008 to 2011, but have since declined to 1000 to 1500 tonnes. The landings in recent years have not exceeded the quotas (Figure 3).
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Figure 3 Annual landings (line) and quotas (bars) of yellow squat lobster. Source: SERNAPESCA
The allocated 2016 quota was 1,830 t; there is also a bycatch quota of 13 t (D.E. No944/2015). 2016 allocation by region and time period was as follows:
The following tables identify the number of vessels that carried out fishing activities for the different fisheries (red squat lobster and yellow squat lobster) in Region V and VIII during the period 2009- 2015 Table 5 and Table 6).
Table 5 Number of vessels working with red squat lobster in Regions V to VIII. Source: Landing Information. SERNAPESCA. N° Embaraciones que operaron en Langostino colorado, V a VIII Región Año 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 N° embarcaciones 8 10 13 11 13 14 13
Table 6 Number of vessels working with yelow squat lobster in Regions V to VIII. Source: Landing Information. SERNAPESCA. N° Embaraciones que operaron en Langostino amarillo, V a VIII Región Año 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 N° embarcaciones 11 11 15 13 11 16 14
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The list of Chilean trawling vessels that operated in Regions V-VIII and landings during 2015 is set on Table 7 and Table 8.
Table 7 Landing of red squat lobster by vessel. Regions V-VIII, 2015. Source: SERNAPESCA Langostino Colorado V-VIII Región Titular de Licencia Transable Desembarque Embarcación de Pesca 2015 Altair Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A 869,341 Antares Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A 1.256,478 Cachahua I Bracpesca S.A 156,640 Cocha Isla Damas S.A. 191,899 Crusoe I Pesq. CMK S.A. 549,333 Don Stefan Pesq. Quintero S.A. 10,509 Foche Isla Damas S.A. 163,744 Gringo Antartic Sea Food S.A. 141,485 Isla Orcas Pesq. Sunrise 369,380 Isla Picton Antartic Sea Food S.A. 156,308 NS de la Tirana Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A 905,349 Nisshin Maru Bracpesca S.A. 168,187 Tome J. Cofre 91,125 TOTAL 5.029,778
Table 8 Landing of yelow squat lobster by vessel. Regions V-VIII, 2015. Source: SERNAPESCA Langostino amarillo, V-VIII Región Titular de Licencia Transable Desembarque Embarcación de Pesca 2015 Altair Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A 175,804 Antares Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A 220,639 Cachahua I Bracpesca S.A. 230,603 Cocha Isla Damas S.A. 53,686 Crusoe I Pesq. CMK S.A. 249,590 Don Stefan Pesq. Quintero S.A. 9,547 Eldom Pesq. Quintero S.A. 5,000 Foche Isla Damas S.A. 182,957 Gringo Antartic Sea Food S.A. 90,248 Isla Orcas Pesq. Sunrise 0,925 Isla Picton Antartic Sea Food S.A. 55,701 NS de la Tirana Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A 226,528 Nisshin Maru Bracpesca S.A. 214,125 Tome J. Cofre 14,949 TOTAL 1.730,302
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The historical participation of the fishing companies in the red squat lobster fishery from the period 2011 to 2015 is presented in Table 9. The client pesquera Camanchaca, known as Camanchaca Pesca Sur from 2011, represents the highest percentage of participation.
Table 9 Historical participation on red squat lobster fishery. Source: SUBPESCA. Participación histórica en la Pesquería de LANGOSTINO COLORADO EMPRESAS 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 CAMANCHACA 59,80 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 CAMANCHACA PESCA SUR 65,73 67,32 69,82 67,80 BLUMAR S.A. 21,90 22,77 18,68 15,18 15,12 BRACPESCA 3,34 4,44 4,54 4,82 6,12 EMPACADORA DEL PACIFICO 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,5 ALIMAR 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,5 SUNRISE S.A. 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,5 ARTIC S.A. ELAB 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,50 0,5 ISLADAMAS S.A. 1,03 1,68 2,53 2,81 2,81 BIO BIO S.A. 10,10 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 ANTARTIC SEAFOOD S.A. 0,83 1,93 3,03 3,31 3,93 DISTRIMAR LTDA. 0,23 0,45 0,53 0,53 RUBIO Y MAUAD LTDA. 0,23 0,45 0,53 0,69 TOTAL 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00 100,00
The historical participation of the fishing companies in the red squat lobster fishery from the period 2011 to 2015 is presented in (Table 10). The client pesquera Camanchaca, known as Camanchaca Pesca Sur from 2011, represents the highest percentage of participation. The quota established in 2007 was fished by the research Regime.
Table 10 Historical involvement on yelow squat lobster fishery. Source: SUBPESCA.
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Traditionally the trawl gear models used by demersal crustacean fisheries were the "modified German trawl" and the "modified semiballon", the second used mainly in the south. Mesh sizes were of 1 ½ '' (38-40 mm) usually in the tunnel and cod end, and to 2'' (50 mm), in the wings. The opening of the net varied between 2.5 and 3.5 m. To avoid friction with the seabed and consequent wear, protectors were used covering parts of the net. The nets were mainly of polyamide and reused from discarded nets from purse seiners. These trawl gears were replaced and a new desing became mandatory starting November 2014. The main concern of the old gear was catching small and immature individuals of the target species, bycatch mortality imposed on non-target species, and damage caused by interaction with the seafloor. The new gear design was the product of several years of efforts (FIP 2008-20, FIP- 2008-26) conducted by researchers at the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (Queirolo et al. 2012).
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3.3 Principle One: Target Species Background
3.3.1 Red squat lobster fishery resources and life history
Taxonomy and distribution The red squat lobster, Pleuroncodes monodon (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), known in Chile as ‘langostino colorado’ is a decapod crustacean of the family Galatheidae. The species is characteristic of the south eastern Pacific Ocean, and is distributed from Lobos de Afuera in Peru, to the island of Chiloe in Chile (Haig, 1955) ( ¡Error! No se encuentra el origen de la referencia.). Abundance of P. monodon is influenced by the Equatorial Subsurface Waters (AESS), which are characterized by relatively high salinities, usually greater than 36.6 ppt, with temperatures ranging between 10 and 11ºC and very low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, usually less than 1.0 mL L -1. Especially in the south of the red squat lobster’s distribution area, upwelling is observed during periods of prevailing winds, which contributes to fertilization of the surface water and the growth of phytoplankton. Sediment and nutrients that outflow from various rivers in this region are also important in determining distribution and abundance of this species . The red squat lobster inhabits muddy sand, rich in organic matter that serves as a food source (Gallardo et al . 1980).
Figure 4 Distribution of Pleuroncodes monodon in the Southeast Pacific Ocean. Source: Haig 1955
Migration and stock structure Red squat lobsters are found in high concentrations on parts of the continental shelf, in shallow water in the spring when the females are carrying eggs and in deeper water during the summer. It is hypothesized that these shifts must be associated with changes in environmental conditions or biological requirements of the females, which require higher temperature during the embryonic FR Page 19 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY development. It is assumed that there are two red squat lobster stocks, one in the northern zone and one in the southern zone. This assessment includes only the southern zone fishery, but occasional reference is made to the northern zone fishery when there is information available that may be relevant to the southern zone. Direct assessments of red squat lobster during the period 1979-2012 showed variations in the overall sex ratio, but there were always more males than females. From 2005 a gradual increase has been seen in the average size of individuals captured in the direct assessments in the southern area, increasing from 23.5 mm in 2005 to 36.2 mm CL in 2012 (Acuña et al ., 2013) (Figure 5). Monitoring also suggests that the average size of red squat lobster declines during the fishing season.
40
35
30
25 Longitud cefalotorácica(mm) 20
15 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Año
Figure 5 Overall Average length determined in direct assessments of red squat lobster between 1979 and 2012 in the Southern Fishery Unit. Source: Acuna et al., 2013
Growth The main moulting period for the red squat lobsters after which lobsters have a soft shell for a short period of time is from late November to late summer (February-March). For this reason, SUBPESCA maintains a biological ban from 1 January until 31 March each year, seeking to protect individuals during the main moulting period. As with the yellow squat lobster, estimation of growth parameters is difficult because of the lack of hard structures in which records of annual cycles allow the determination of age and because squat lobsters bury or hide in cavities or inaccessible areas of the seafloor to protect themselves after moulting, thus reducing the chances of being caught by fishing gear (Arana, 1990). There have been various estimates of growth parameters with varying results (Table 11). According to these estimates, most individuals in the catch would be 3-5 years old, and the maximum age that could be reached would be close to 8 years.
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Table 11 Growth parameters estimated for Pleuroncodes monodon by various authors. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015b
Sexo L∞ k t0 Zona Referencia Machos 60.00 0.196 1660,00 Centro-sur Miranda (1965)
Ambos 47.81 0.109 Centro-sur Bustos et al. (1982)
Ambos 52.60 0.220 -1.425 Rodríguez et al . (1987)
Hembras 59.92 0.244 -0.066 Machos 59.95 0.245 -0.056 Centro-sur Arana et al . (1990) Ambos 59.95 0.245 -0.056
Hembras 55.00 0.260 -0.056 Centro-sur Peñailillo & Henríquez (1990) Machos 59.00 0.230 -0.056
Hembras 44.55 0.179 -0.510 Centro-sur Roa (1993) Machos 50.45 0.197 -0.510
Hembras 38.36 0.375 -0.328 Cañón del Bíobío Roa & Tapia (1998) Machos 40.78 0.371 -0.240
Hembras 41.30 0.199 -0.510 Pichilemu-Achira Roa & Tapia (1998) Machos 50.04 0.200 -0.510
Hembras 47.10 0.157 III Región Quiroz et al ., 2006 Machos 47.53 0.164
Hembras 50.34 0.121 Machos 46.40 0.167 IV Región Quiroz et al ., 2006
Reproduction
The red squat lobster exhibits marked sexual dimorphism. Females carry eggs on their pleopods for about six months between April and December of each year, and females ranging in size from 12.0 to 43.9 mm CL have been observed carrying eggs. Various studies have shown that size at 50% maturity may vary with geographical area from 22.8 to 32.0 mm CL (Palma & Arana, 1997, Roa 1993, Arana et al., 2007, 2010).
Fecundity of the red squat lobster ranges from 1,000 to 50,000 eggs dependent on size of female and three studies have estimated the relationship between number of eggs and female carapace length:
Fecundity = 010,0 ⋅CL 02,4 (Bustos & Retamal, 1985) Fecundity = 015,0 ⋅ CL 844,3 (Palma & Arana, 1997) Fecundity = 002,0 ⋅ CL 45,4 (Roa et al., 1997)
Prey and predators
Red squat lobster is an active predator, with some food specificity. In its larval stage, it feeds by filtering algae and other planktonic organisms, whereas in the benthic phase it feeds by filtering suspended particles near the seafloor. It also tends to consume waste arising from the decomposition of plants and animals (detritus), as well as polychaetes and amphipods (Roa & Tapia, 1998). Likewise, a key part of their diet consists of the prokaryotic bacteria Thioploca, so juveniles of this species are usually located in anoxic areas, where the bacteria is found in abundance (Roa et al., 1995b). The main predators of squat lobsters are the black eel (Genypterus maculatus), bigeye flounder (Hippoglossina macrops), Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi), pejerrata (Coelorhynchus aconcagua) and occasionally elasmobranchs such as skate (Raja chilensis) (Bahamonde et al., 1984; Retamal, 1977 Arancibia & Meléndez (1984, 1987). Red squat lobster is considered to be a low trophic level (LTL) species, and existing food web models (e.g. Neira and Arancibia 2004) show that red squat lobster is an important prey item for a range of predators and is a major component of the benthic food web pathway. Many predator species, particularly hake, are currently at low abundance but red squat lobster could become more important in the food web if predators return to higher abundance. However it cannot be concluded that red squat lobster is a key low trophic level species, as it does not meet all the criteria set out in paragraph CB2.3.13 of the MSC Certification Requirements v1.3. In particular, red squat lobster do not form dense schools, a large proportion of the total energy in the ecosystem does not pass between red squat lobster and higher and lower FR Page 21 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY trophic levels in the food chain, there are other species at this trophic level through which energy can be transmitted from lower to higher trophic levels, and red squat lobster have landings which are relatively low (<<50,000 t).
Natural mortality
Estimates of M have been made in both the northern and southern fishery areas, resulting in a range of estimates of natural mortality rate (Table 12 and Table 13).
Table 12 Estimation of natural mortality Pleuroncodes monodon in Region IV (Coquimbo). Source: Canales et al., 1998 MACHOS EEPE+EEPM Media ponderada (M) 0.36 Estimación Mediana (M) Perc. 2.5% (M) Perc. 97.5% (M) CV (M) Media (M) Var (M) Pauly (1980) 0.31 0.15 0.65 40% 0.34 0.018 Rikhter & Efanov (1976) 0.41 0.26 0.59 21% 0.42 0.007 Alverson & Carney (1975) 0.27 0.15 0.47 30% 0.28 0.007 Hoening (1983) 0.22 0.11 0.43 36% 0.23 0.007 Jensen (1996) 0.42 0.33 0.52 12% 0.42 0.002 EEPE Media ponderada (M) 0.33 Estimación Mediana (M) Perc. 2.5% (M) Perc. 97.5% (M) CV (M) Media (M) Var (M) Pauly (1980) 0.31 0.26 0.37 9% 0.31 0.0009 Rikhter & Efanov (1976) 0.41 0.36 0.46 6% 0.41 0.0006 Alverson & Carney (1975) 0.27 0.21 0.33 11% 0.27 0.0009 Hoening (1983) 0.22 0.17 0.27 11% 0.22 0.0006 Jensen (1996) 0.42 0.37 0.47 6% 0.42 0.0007
HEMBRAS EEPE+EEPM Media ponderada (M) 0.27 Estimación Mediana (M) Perc. 2.5% (M) Perc. 97.5% (M) CV (M) Media (M) Var (M) Pauly (1980) 0.26 0.12 0.57 40% 0.28 0.013 Rikhter & Efanov (1976) 0.30 0.17 0.47 25% 0.31 0.006 Alverson & Carney (1975) 0.21 0.11 0.35 28% 0.21 0.004 Hoening (1983) 0.17 0.08 0.34 37% 0.18 0.004 Jensen (1996) 0.31 0.25 0.38 11% 0.31 0.001 EEPE Media ponderada (M) 0.25 Estimación Mediana (M) Perc. 2.5% (M) Perc. 97.5% (M) CV (M) Media (M) Var (M) Pauly (1980) 0.26 0.22 0.31 8% 0.26 0.0004 Rikhter & Efanov (1976) 0.31 0.27 0.34 6% 0.30 0.0003 Alverson & Carney (1975) 0.21 0.17 0.24 9% 0.21 0.0003 Hoening (1983) 0.17 0.14 0.20 9% 0.17 0.0002 Jensen (1996) 0.31 0.28 0.34 5% 0.31 0.0003
Table 13 Estimation of natural mortality Pleuroncodes monodon in the central-south Source: Quiroz et al ., 2006. M M/K Método Machos Hembras Ambos Machos Hembras Ambos Rikther & Efanov (1976) 0,65 2,5 Alagaraja (1984) 0,35 0,42 0,38 1,52 1,62 1,55 Alverson & Carney (1975) 0,62 0,75 0,68 2,7 2,88 2,78 Roff (1988) 0,21 0,81 Taylor (1958) 0,23 0,26 0,25 1 1 1,02
3.3.2 Yellow squat lobster fishery resources and life history
Taxonomy and distribution The yellow squat lobster, Cervimunida johni (Porter, 1903), known in Chile as ‘langostino amarillo’ is a decapod crustacean of the family Galatheidae. Its distribution is generally considered to be from 23 º 00'S to 38 º 20’S (Figure 6, Bucarey et al., 2015a). The squat lobster is distributed in depths ranging from 150 to 500 m, in a thin strip of seabed on the upper continental slope and sporadically over the continental shelf. The highest concentrations are found off the coasts of the Regions of Coquimbo, FR Page 22 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
Valparaiso and O'Higgins (Regions IV to VI). There is some overlap in the geographical distribution of the yellow squat lobster with other commercially-exploited crustaceans, the red squat lobster (Pleuroncodes monodon ) and the nylon shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi ), but the three species tend to be found at different depths. Areas of abundance of the yellow squat lobster are influenced by the Equatorial Subsurface Water (AESS), which are characterized by relatively high salinities, usually greater than 36.6 ppt, with temperatures ranging between 10 and 11ºC and very low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, usually less than 1.0 mL L -1. Especially in the south of the yellow squat lobster’s distribution area, upwelling is observed during periods of prevailing winds, which contributes to fertilization of the surface water and the growth of phytoplankton. It is assumed that there are two yellow squat lobster stocks, one in the northern zone and one in the southern zone. This assessment includes only the southern zone fishery, but occasional reference is made to the northern zone fishery when there is information available that may be relevant to the southern zone.
Figure 6 Distribution of yellow squat lobster, Cervimunida johni, and its fishery off the Chilean coast. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a
Migration and stock structure Yellow squat lobster distribution is characterized by large scale clusters of individuals in certain areas of the continental slope. Local movements are observed, but this species does not exhibit large scale migrations on the continental shelf as exhibited by the red squat lobster. In the Southern Fisheries Unit (Regions V and VI), monitoring conducted in 2007 determined that males have larger average FR Page 23 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY lengths in all areas compared to females. Average lengths of males and females ranged between 32.2 and 41.8 mm CL and 31.2 and 34.8 mm CL respectively (Arana et al., 2008). Males predominate in the total catches and there is a progressive dominance of males above 35 mm CL, reaching nearly 100% at lengths > 38 mm CL (Arana et al ., 2008).
Growth Growth of crustaceans occurs through the shedding of the exoskeleton (ecdysis). The main moulting period after which the squat lobster has a soft shell for a short period of time is from late November to late summer (February-March). For this reason, SUBPESCA maintains a biological ban from 1 January until 31 March each year, seeking to protect individuals during the main moulting period. As with all crustacean species, estimation of growth parameters is difficult because there are no hard structures in which records of annual cycles allow the determination of age (in comparison with otoliths in fish), and because growth rate depends on both moult increase and moult frequency. In addition in the yellow squat lobster it is common for individuals to protect themselves, burying or hiding in cavities or inaccessible areas of the seafloor after moulting, thus reducing the chances of being caught by fishing gear (Arana, 1990). There have been various estimates of growth parameters with varying results (Table 14). According to these estimates, most individuals in the catch would be 5-8 years, sexual maturity would be reached at 3-4 years of age, and the maximum age that could be reached would be close to 10-12 years.
Table 14 Growth parameters estimated for Cervimunida johni by various authors. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a
Sexo L∞ k t0 Referencia Hembras 54.60 0.177 Alegría et al. ( 1993) Machos 60.70 0.265
Ambos 46.00 0.315 Wolff & Aroca (1995)
Hembras 51.80 0.194 -0.44 Pavéz et al . (1994) Machos 58.00 0.165 -0.58
Hembras 53.90 0.196 Pavéz & Falcón (1995) Machos 57.40 0.221
Hembras 54.60 0.177 -1.87 Pool et al . (1996) Machos 62.10 0.165 -1.62
Hembras 49.00 0.154 Acuña et al . (1996) Machos 59.30 0.118
Hembras 57.55 0.101 0.04 Arana et al . (2000) Machos 59.36 0,174 0.79
Hembras 45.60 0.174 Arancibia et al . (2005) Machos 52.80 0.151
Reproduction Information on the reproductive behaviour of yellow squat lobster is based mainly on the analysis of the proportion of egg-carrying females and the stages of embryo development (Henriquez, 1979; Palma & Arana, 1997; Acuña et al, 2005.). Monitoring surveys indicate the presence of egg-carrying females during winter and spring, and based on the high percentage of carrying females in catches (> 80% of all females), it has been suggested that each female produces one clutch of eggs per year (Palma & Arana, 1997 Acuña et al., 2005). However, in the period from June to October females with early stage embryos have been found, suggesting that not all females are mated at the same time. The size range of egg-carrying females is very broad, ranging from 11.5 mm to 43.5 mm CL (Palma & Arana, 1997, Acuña et al., 2005).
Size at sexual maturity has been investigated in both the northern and southern fisheries. In the northern region, Espejo et al . (2001) estimated the size at which 50% of individuals are sexually mature (LM 50% ) to be 26.1 mm CL (Figure 7), and in a separate study in Region IV Acuna et al .
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(2008) estimated the length at first maturity to be 24.9 mm CL. In the southern area, Zilleruelo & Montenegro (2007) estimated the size at 50% maturity to be 32.7 mm CL, although this may represent an overestimate of size at maturity in this area (P. Arana, pers.comm.).
Figure 7 Logistic curve describing Cervimunida johni sexual maturity, in the northern area. Source: Espejo et al., 2001.
It has been suggested that in the yellow squat lobster it is not necessary for females to have moulted for mating to take place. The presence of eggs under the abdomen of the female of this species is recorded from May to November in the north and between May and December in the south, with maximum numbers of egg-carrying females between July and October in the north and between July and November in the south (Figure 8 and Figure 9).
Figure 8 Proportion of egg-carrying females of yellow squat lobster in region III, period 2007 - 2008 (black bars) and 1998-2001 (white bars). Source: Acuña et al., 2008
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Figure 9 Percentage of egg-carrying females in yellow squat lobster, by month and region (V and VI) in the southern fishery. Source: P. Arana, pers. comm
Fecundity has been determined in the northern regions with the number of eggs between 500 and 13,500 eggs (Figure 10). The relationship between carapace length and number of eggs is:
= ⋅ 1006,5 NTH ,0 00011 LC (Acuña et al ., 2008) where,
NTH: total number of eggs. LC: female carapace length (mm).
Figure 10 Ratio adjustment carapace length-average number of eggs by female yellow squat lobster caught in Region IV. Source: Acuña et al., 2008
Larvae stage Monitoring the embryonic development of the yellow squat lobster under laboratory conditions (11- 13°C in seawater), revealed that for these conditions, this phase lasts between 28-40 days. There has been no study of the development of the larvae stage in this species .
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Predators and prey Acuña et al. (2007) identified the bigeye flounder (Hippoglossina. macrops) as an important predator of yellow squat lobster, recording the presence of C. johni juveniles (8.0 to 8.7 mm LC ) in flounder stomachs mainly in June. Larger bigeye flounder are known to prey upon nylon shrimp and yellow squat lobster (Villarroel & Acuña, 1999). Yellow squat lobster is considered to be a low trophic level (LTL) species, and existing food web models (e.g. Neira and Arancibia 2004) show that yellow squat lobster is an important prey item for a range of predators and is a major component of the benthic food web pathway. Many predator species, particularly hake, are currently at low abundance but red squat lobster could become more important in the food web if predators return to higher abundance. However, it cannot be concluded that yellow squat lobster is a key low trophic level species, as it does not meet all the criteria set out in paragraph CB2.3.13 of the MSC Certification Requirements v1.3. In particular, yellow squat lobster does not form dense schools, a large proportion of the total energy in the ecosystem does not pass between yellow squat lobster and higher and lower trophic levels in the food chain, there are other species at this trophic level through which energy can be transmitted from lower to higher trophic levels, and yellow squat lobster has landings which are relatively low (<<50,000 t).
Natural mortality Estimates of the natural mortality rate (M) are of great importance in the analysis of population dynamics, and biological reference points may be more sensitive to changes in natural mortality than variations in growth (Collie & Gislason, 2001). A number of studies have estimated natural mortality rate (M) for yellow squat lobster, resulting in a range of estimates (Table 15).
Table 15 Natural of mortality rate (M) of Cervimunida johni estimated by various authors. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a Sexo M (1/año) Método Referencia
Machos 0.317 Pavéz et al . (1994) Hembras 0.352
Machos 0.66-0.77 Algaraja, 1994 Wolff & Aroca (1995) Hembras 0.77-0.92
Machos Rikhter & Efanov, 1976 Wolff & Aroca (1995) Hembras 0.88-0.99
Machos 0.250 Pauly, 1980 Acuña et al . (1996) Hembras 0.300
Machos 0.263 Hembras 0.165 Algaraja, 1994 Escuela de Cs. Del Mar (2000)
3.3.3 Harvest strategy for the demersal crustacean fisheries
The overarching legislation which determines the harvest strategies for demersal crustacean fisheries in Chile is the Ley General de Pesca y Acuicultura (LGPA) modified in 2013. The harvest strategy is also governed by the distinction between industrial vessels, which fish under Tradeable Fishing Licences (LTPs) or Extraordinary Fishing Permits (EFP), and artisanal fishing vessels which fish under the Artisanal Harvest Regime (RAE).
The objective of LGPA in Chile as defined in Title I, Section 1 B is "… the conservation and sustainable use of aquatic resources through the application of the precautionary approach, the ecosystem approach in fisheries regulation and the safeguarding of the marine ecosystems in which these resources exist ." Furthermore, Article 1 subsection C g) states as its objective " to seek to avoid or eliminate overfishing and excess fishing capacity. " These elements of the LGPA provide therefore the framework within which the status of their resources and the fisheries are assessed. FR Page 27 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
Biological reference points (PBRs in Spanish) are defined in the context of the LGPA. A precautionary biological point is a value estimated by a process of scientific agreement, which corresponds to the state of the resource and of the fishery, and which can be used as a guide for fisheries management. Two types of precautionary reference points should be used: landmark or boundary conservation reference points (limit reference points) and management benchmarks or goals (target reference points). The limit reference points are intended to restrict fishing to safe biological limits within which the stocks can produce maximum sustainable yield (MSY). The target reference points are aimed to achieve management objectives. The reference points should be stock-specific to account for, inter alia, the reproductive capacity, the resilience of each stock and the characteristics of the fishery exploiting the stock, as well as other sources of mortality and major sources of uncertainty. When information for determining reference points for a fishery is poor or absent, a provisional reference point must be established. Provisional reference points may be established by analogy with similar and better-known stocks. In such situations, the fishery should be directed to improve monitoring and the availability and quality of information and to review the provisional reference points accordingly.
By definition in the LGPA, Biological Reference Points correspond to a standardized value or level that has as an objective to evaluate the performance of a resource from the perspective of conservation biology of a stock, and may refer to: a) biomass, b) fishing mortality (F) and c) exploitation rate.
Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) The LGPA establishes, in paragraph C of Article 3, the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) (or RMS in Spanish) as a biological target reference point used for determining the overall catch quota, understanding the statement " Keep or carry on the fishery towards maximum sustainable yield considering the biological characteristics of exploited resources ”. Under the Chilean LGPA, MSY is considered as a management objective and not as a limitation.
The fishing mortality rate which generates maximum sustainable yield should be regarded as a minimum standard for an upper limit reference point. For stocks that are not overfished, management strategies should ensure that fishing mortality does not exceed that which corresponds to maximum sustainable yield, and that the biomass does not fall below a pre-defined threshold. For overfished stocks, the biomass that produces maximum sustainable yield can serve as a rebuilding target. The precautionary approach enshrined within the new Chilean LGPA requires that the management and conservation of aquatic resources and the protection of ecosystems should:
i) be more cautious in the management and conservation of resources when scientific information is uncertain, unreliable or incomplete; and,
ii) not use the absence of adequate scientific information or unreliable or incomplete information, as a reason for postponing or failing to take conservation and management action.
Management actions seek to maintain or restore populations of exploited stocks and, where necessary, associated or dependent species, at levels consistent with the precautionary reference points previously agreed. Such benchmarks should be used to trigger management actions and conservation. Management strategies should include measures that can be implemented when the system is approaching a point of reference. Also, fishery management strategies should ensure that the risk of exceeding limit reference points is low. If a stock falls below the limit reference point or is at risk of falling below such a reference point, conservation and management actions would be implemented to facilitate stock recovery. Management strategies should ensure that, on average, target reference points are not exceeded.
The LGPA identifies four stages of a resource: underexploited, fully exploited, over-exploited and FR Page 28 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY depleted/collapsed, and its scope is detailed in paragraphs 58), 59) and 60). The determination of these points must be made by decree of the Ministry, according to the determination made by the Technical and Scientific Committee. Definitions corresponding to each stage are:
Underexploited fishery: one in which the current biological point is greater when considering the criterion of biomass, or lower in the case of considering the criteria of exploitation rate or fishing mortality, than the expected value of the maximum sustainable performance and for which can potentially obtained a higher performance.
Fully-exploited fishery: one whose biological point is at or near MSY.
Overexploited fishery: one in which the current biological point is lower than the MSY reference point in terms of biomass, or higher than the MSY reference point in terms of fishing mortality, and which is not sustainable in the long term without the potential for increased performance and with risk of exhaustion or collapse.
Depleted or collapsed fishery: one in which the standing stock biomass is below the point corresponding to the biological limit that has been defined for the fishery, has no ability to be sustainable and whose catches are well below historical levels, regardless of fishing effort being exerted.
In addition fisheries may be designated as Fishery under Recovery if the fishery has previously been over-exploited but is now in a state of full exploitation.
Elements of the harvest strategy
The LGPA mandates that management plans should be established for each fishery resource, to provide a package of measures to support the work of Scientific Committees. A draft management plan for the demersal crustacean fisheries was completed in 2015. It is currently under discussion and has yet to be agreed. The management plan will cover all aspects of the harvest strategy. The various elements of the harvest strategy that are common to all demersal crustacean fisheries are outlined below.
Regulations
(i) Limited entry. All fishing vessels must have a licence issued by the Chilean government, and so fishing effort is limited. Under the LGPA, open access is not granted for fisheries that are fully exploited or have been overexploited and then declared in recovery which is the case for the demersal crustacean fisheries. Licences are transferable and are granted to vessels either for industrial or artisanal fishing. In practice, the quotas are owned by the fishing companies who may determine which vessels fish for their quota each year.
(ii) Quotas. Catches are regulated by global annual quotas for the fisheries. These quotas may be allocated by region, and split between industrial and artisanal fishing vessels, and small allocations will be made for bycatch in other fisheries and for research purposes (for example to cover catches made during the fishery-independent stock surveys). ITQs are allocated within the overall industrial and artisanal quotas. The way in which quotas are allocated across the industrial and artisanal components of the fleet depends upon whether the fishery is defined as under-exploited, fully-exploited, over-exploited or depleted.
(iii) Technical conservation measures. Fishing is not permitted by any vessels within 1nm of the coast, and the 1nm to 5nm region is reserved for artisanal fishing vessels except in Regions III and IV. There are closed seasons for each species linked to moult and reproductive stages. The yellow and red squat lobster fisheries are closed from 1 January to 31 March each year which coincides with the main moult period when mating occurs. This closure therefore protects against both the capture of soft-shelled lobsters and provides protection for FR Page 29 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
mating individuals. In addition all demersal crustacean fisheries in Regions V-VII are closed during September which is the time of peak abundance of egg-bearing females. There is no prohibition on the landing of egg-bearing females in any of the fisheries, as the closed seasons are considered sufficient to protect egg production. There is no minimum landing size in the demersal crustacean fisheries.
(iv) Gear restrictions. A new modified trawl became mandatory in November 2014. The new regulation prescribes overall dimensions, net material and mesh sizes in different parts of the nets, structures to protect against wear, and escape devices. The minimum mesh size for the tunnel and cod end for the yellow and red squat lobster fisheries is 60 mm (and 50 mm in the nylon shrimp fishery).
Monitoring A key element of the harvest strategy is that the above regulations are underpinned by a comprehensive monitoring programme as outlined below:
- All industrial vessels must record fishing position through a mandatory Vessel Monitoring System (VMS). - Catches must be recorded for each tow of the gear on electronic log books - An observer programme covering approximately 25% of all fishing trips records species composition including bycatch, total catch composition, length frequency, sex and reproductive status of females for the target species and collects biological samples - Fishery-independent stock surveys are conducted annually - 100% dockside monitoring of landings - Processors must keep mandatory data records on amounts of each species processed
Monitoring and enforcement activities are primarily the responsibility of SERNAPESCA, an organisation that monitors landings and quotas, collects statistics and plays an enforcement role. Log book records, dockside landings, transport documentation and processors’ records are all cross- checked by SERNAPESCA to monitor compliance with the regulations. Currently there is no on- board enforcement system, as scientific observers do not have an enforcement role. There are plans to implement on-board camera systems in future on all vessels to provide further monitoring of compliance.
Reference points, harvest control rules and associated objectives For each of the demersal crustacean fisheries there is a management objective and a strategy designed to achieve that objective.
The red squat lobster fishery has been designated as fully exploited in the northern area (Region III & IV) and as a Fishery under Recovery in the southern area (Regions V to VIII). The management objectives are to recover biomass at least to the value of the last decade and prevent a decline, or at least maintain current yields and size structure in Regions III and IV. To achieve these objectives the strategy is to have conservative harvest rates to reduce the risk of not meeting the objectives, and to distribute fishing pressure so as to prevent regional stock reductions.
The yellow squat lobster fishery has been designated as fully-exploited in the northern area (Region III & IV) and as a Fishery under Recovery in the southern area (Regions V to VIII). The management objectives are to avoid deterioration of stock biomass and stock structure, and to avoid local overfishing. To achieve these objectives, the strategy is to have conservative fishing mortality rates and to ensure that the risk of not meeting these objectives is less than 10%, and to distribute fishing effort to avoid overfishing in the different regions.
The harvest strategy for both squat lobster species requires the definition of biological reference points within an MSY framework. As outlined in the section on stock assessment below, target reference points for stock biomass (Bmsy) and fishing mortality giving maximum sustainable yield FR Page 30 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
(Fmsy) and a Limit Biomass Reference Point (Blim) have been defined for each fishery. The key harvest control rule is to adjust the annual quota in line with fishing at Fmsy, which in the long term should implicitly maintain the biomass at Bmsy.
Review of harvest strategies Harvest strategies are regularly reviewed within both the Scientific Committee and the Management Committee in consultation with stakeholders through the Consejo Nacional de Pesca (CNP) and the Consejos Zonales de Pesca (CZP).
3.3.4 Data / information
An annual monitoring programme for the demersal crustacean fisheries is set out in the Programa de Seguimiento de las Pesquerías de Crustáceos Demersales, This programme collects information on the following aspects of the fishery:
1. Fleet operations - distribution of catch quotas and landings, number of vessels operating, number of trips, catch per trip, average length of haul, fishing regions and depth, spatial coverage. 2. Fishery indicators - fishing effort (hours trawling), catch (tonnes) and fisheries yield (kilos / hour trawling). 3. Stock composition - length compositions, sex ratio. 4. Information associated with the reproductive process - proportion of females that are ovigerous, size at maturity, and proportion of individuals with soft shell. 5. Other biological information – e.g. length-weight relationship.
This fishery-dependent information is collected through electronic log books completed by the skippers after each tow of the trawl, satellite monitoring of fishing activity through VMS records, observer sampling on around 25% of all trips of total catch composition, size and sex composition, biological sampling of catches, 100% dockside monitoring of landings, and records of landings processed by the factories and transportation records.
In addition to the collection of fisheries-dependent data, the main indicator of stock biomass of the demersal crustacean species comes from annual fisheries-independent stock surveys. The Fondo de Investigación Pesquera y de Acuicultura (FIPA) has funded annual surveys since 1996 to undertake direct biomass assessments of yellow and red squat lobsters (except in 1998 and 2010) between Regions II and VIII. The surveys are contracted out by IFOP to various institutions such as the Catholic University of Valparaiso (PUCV), the Catholic University of the North (UCN), the Instituto de Investigación Pesquera (INPESCA), IFOP and the University of Concepción (UdeC). Although the surveys have been not been undertaken by the same contractor each year, the surveys use commercial fishing vessels for the surveys under standard sampling regimes. The surveys take place in spring to coincide with peak of egg-carrying in the females. The survey uses a stratified random sampling design with the duration of the trawl tows standardized to 30 minutes, running on average for 1.6 km. The surveys use a swept area method for estimating total biomass: biomass indices per unit area are calculated from the catch taken over a known swept area, based on the time per tow and the width of the opening of the fishing gear, and then extrapolated to the total area of the distribution of the species. During the site visit, stakeholders expressed two concerns about the stocks surveys. Firstly the surveys may not be covering the full geographical distribution of the stocks because they are conducted using industrial vessels, which can operate within the 5nm zone only in the northern regions, and so in the southern regions the surveys therefore do not cover the 1 to 5nm zone, and for the squat lobster species, there may be some areas in the southern region which are not covered by the surveys. Secondly, there was some concern expressed that the bureaucratic process of tendering for and awarding of contracts is too slow and results in the surveys being carried out too late in the season when most of the fisheries have taken place and thus underestimating biomass.
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In addition to the IFOP-contracted surveys, direct assessments and/or monitoring in the southern area of yellow and red squat lobsters have been carried out through funding by the fishing companies exploiting these species, but it is not clear whether these surveys are incorporated within the assessments.
3.3.5 Stock assessment – methods, process and subsequent management advice
Methodology The data described above form the basis of the stock assessments carried out annually for the demersal crustacean fisheries. IFOP carries out stock assessments for each species fitting age- structured stock assessment models to fisheries data and fisheries-independent survey indices. IFOP assesses the status of the stocks in relation to pre-defined reference points which are formulated within an MSY framework. The approach to defining appropriate reference points within the MSY framework was developed by IFOP and a team of invited international experts following a series of workshops in 2013 and 2014 (IFOP, 2013; 2014a; 2014b). The workshop developed a tier system to categorise stocks according to what type of assessment could be performed and what type of reference points could be estimated (Fmsy and Bmsy or proxies), set out a number of methods by which reference points could be computed, and recommended methods of computing reference points for each of 24 stocks, including the demersal crustacean species. Dependent upon the status of the stocks in relation to the biological reference points, the fisheries are then characterised as under-exploited, fully exploited or over-exploited. If previously over-exploited, the stock may be designated as “in recovery”.
Stock assessment of red squat lobster Extensive data are available for the red squat lobster from both fisheries-dependent and fisheries- independent sources. A time series of data is available on landings and standardised catch per unit effort (CPUE) along with length composition data, sex ratio and weight at-size. A fisheries- independent estimate of stock biomass from a trawl survey has been undertaken regularly since 1979 in the south and 1999 in the north. There is also good information on growth, size-at-maturity and geographical distribution of the stock.
The stock assessment model for the red squat lobster is similar to that used for the yellow squat lobster. It is an age-structured model used within a Bayesian framework. The model is fitted to length compositions using multinomial residual errors and to landings, CPUE and fisheries- independent survey indices using log-normal residual errors. There is no observed stock-recruitment relationship for this species, but average recruitment with deviations away from that average are used in the stock assessment. There are some uncertainties in the catches prior to 1995 when quotas were introduced, and in relation to the conversion of length distributions to age distributions. There are also uncertainties relating to stock boundaries.
Based on the above information, MSY proxy reference points for the red squat lobster fishery have been set according to the methodology set out in Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales (2015a) as follows:
Bmsy = 40% B 0, where B 0 is the equilibrium biomass under no fishing Blim = 20% B 0 Fmsy = F 45%SPR|F=0 (i.e. the F when biomass per recruit is 45% of biomass per recruit when F=0)
From experience in other fisheries worldwide and based on a sensitivity analysis (IFOP, 2014a, 2014b), F 45%SPR|F=0 is considered a suitable proxy for target fishing mortality that would drive a stock towards B40% (40% of B 0) under a wide range of steepness values in a Beverton and Holt stock recruitment curve, without the need to specify a specific steepness value.
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Additionally, the target range of biomass levels is defined between 20% under and 50% over Bmsy and F between 25% under and over Fmsy.
The target range described above takes into account the inherent uncertainty in stock assessments. It is recognised that a management strategy that gradually reduces fishing mortality as stock biomass declines should be more robust to uncertainty than one that makes precipitous changes as estimated biomass crosses some specified reference level. Whilst it is understood that re-building plans are required for over-exploited stocks, a gradual decrease in F as spawning stock biomass decreases may serve as a management plan for fully exploited and under-exploited stocks as well as a rebuilding plan for over-exploited or collapsed stocks. In addition consideration should be given to the range of natural fluctuations in biomass that might occur when fishing at Fmsy.
Stock assessment of yellow squat lobster Extensive data are available for the yellow squat lobster from both fisheries-dependent and fisheries- independent sources. A long times series of data is available on landings and standardised CPUE along with length composition data, sex ratio and weight at-size. A fisheries-independent estimate of stock biomass from a trawl survey has been undertaken regularly since 1982 in the south and 1997 in the north. There is also good information on growth, size-at-maturity and geographical distribution of the stock.
The stock assessment model for the yellow squat lobster is an age-structured model incorporating sex-based growth in 11 age classes used within a Bayesian framework. The model is fitted to length compositions using multinomial residual errors and to landings, CPUE and fisheries-independent survey indices using log-normal residual errors. There is no observed stock-recruitment relationship for this species, but average recruitment with deviations away from that average are used in the stock assessment. There are some uncertainties in the catches prior to 1995, and in relation to the conversion of length distributions to age distributions. There are also uncertainties relating to stock boundaries.
Based on the above information, MSY proxy reference points for the yellow squat lobster fishery have been set according to the methodology set out in Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales (2015a) as follows:
Bmsy = 40% B 0, where B 0 is the equilibrium biomass under no fishing Blim = 20% B 0 Fmsy = F 45%SPR|F=0 (i.e. the F when biomass per recruit is 45% of biomass per recruit when F=0)
Additionally, the target range of biomass levels is defined between 20% under and 50% over Bmsy and F between 25% under and over Fmsy.
Uncertainties underlying the stock assessments For both species, there are some uncertainties underlying the outcome of the stock assessments. Firstly, the distribution of the fishery has been observed to change over time, and therefore there may be uncertainty about whether fisheries-dependent data are representative of the whole stock. Secondly over the last few years there has been a change in the trawl used in all three fisheries. The new modified trawl has been introduced slowly over the last three years and became mandatory in November 2014. The new gear has different selectivity properties in comparison with the traditional trawl, but to date the catchability of the new gear has not been incorporated into the current stock assessments. Thirdly there appear to be some significant non-reporting of discarded small individuals in both fisheries. In addition to the total catch composition which is monitored by observers, there are reports of some tows of the trawl being returned to the sea without being brought on to the deck of the vessel. These tows known as “failed tows” will represent unknown removals from the stock.. In addition the new minimum mesh sizes have resulted in the increase in average FR Page 33 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY size of individuals in the catch, but also some smaller individuals may drop through the net on hauling the trawl on to the deck. In summary there may be an underestimate of the removals from the fishery resulting in uncertainty around the status of the stock. Finally predation is not included in the assessment model. At present there is a very low abundance of predators and only small predators (e.g. small hake) are present, so currently there is low predation on the demersal crustacean species, and predation is not thought to influence target species dynamics. So whilst at present, there is so no need (at present) to include predation in the model, it would be more appropriate to model natural mortality as a function of predator (e.g. hake) density rather than assume that natural mortality is constant.
Stock assessment and management advice process IFOP undertakes stock assessment for all demersal crustacean species on an annual basis and produces a technical report providing detailed outputs from the assessment. The report is then passed on to the Scientific and Technical Committee (CCT) for demersal crustaceans (hereinafter called the Scientific Committee). The Scientific Committee is responsible for considering analyses prepared to address issues defined by SUBPESCA and recommendations to the CNP in support of its decision–making. They are responsible for determining status of the fisheries, biological reference points, and the range within which the management authority can establish quotas. For implementing their reports the scientific committee should consider information provide by both IFOP and other sources. The committee that is reviewing stock assessments for the two fisheries under consideration in this assessment is the CCT for Demersal Crustaceans with two members from SUBPESCA, two from IFOP and four members nominated by public competition, usually scientists from Universities in Chile who have worked on the demersal crustacean fisheries. The names of the members of the Scientific Committees are published on the SUBPESCA website.
The key role of the Scientific Committee is to provide management advice on the setting of annual quotas termed Cuota Biológicamente Aceptable (CBA) for the following year. The Scientific Committee will consider the assessment of the status of the stock in relation to the biological reference points determined within an MSY framework, and will provide advice to the Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo (MINECON) on a range for the quotas for the upcoming year based on projections of various scenarios of fishing mortality (F). The advice given by the scientific committee to the MINECON is published on the SUBPESCA website. MINECON then makes a formal announcement of quotas (CBAs).
In addition to the Scientific Committees, there are also Management Committees (CM) which have been designated under the new Chilean law to “elaborate, propose, implement, evaluate and modify management plans”. The Management Committee is made up of one representative of SUBPESCA, two to seven representatives of artisanal fishers registered in the respective fishery, three representatives of the industrial sector, one representative of the processing plants and one representative of SERNAPESCA. The Management Committee for demersal crustacean fisheries has elaborated a fishery management plan which has not yet been released but is under final revision.
The stock assessment and management approach used in the demersal crustacean fisheries therefore undergoes detailed peer review through the Scientific Committee and Management Committee. This peer review can be considered to be both internal and external as members of the committees may be outside the assessment process. In addition, both IFOP and SUBPESCA have commissioned external peer reviews, for example, the series of three workshops convened in 2013 to 2014 with invited international experts to evaluate the setting of biological reference points within the MSY framework (IFOP, 2013; 2014a; 2014b).
3.3.6 Results of latest stock assessments and management advice
Red squat lobster – southern stocks
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Landings from the red squat lobster fishery in the southern zone have been highly variable. In 1976, recorded landings were 60,000 tonnes, but during the 1980s and 1990s landings rarely exceeded 10,000 tonnes, and by 2001, the fishery was closed. From 2005, there was a small research quota, and commercial quotas were re-introduced in 2009 (Figure 11). In the southern zone, CPUE declined significantly in the late 1990s prior to closure of the fishery in 2001, and since re-opening in 2009, CPUE is still relatively low in comparison with levels observed in the 1970s and late 1980s (Figure 12). In comparison it is interesting to note that (although not part of this assessment) in the northern region. CPUE standardised for year, month, fishing area and vessel using the method of Maunder and Punt (2004) has been stable in recent years in the northern region but higher than levels observed at the start of the fishery (Figure 12).
Figure 11 Landings of red squat lobster from 1968 to 2013 for southern zone (blue) and northern zone (red). Source: SERNAPESCA / SUBPESCA.
Figure 12 CPUE (nominal and standardised) for red squat lobster in the southern fishing zone. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015b.
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Figure 13 CPUE (nominal and standardised) for red squat lobster in the northern fishing zone. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015b.
Length composition sampling of the catches has been carried out in the southern region of the fishery. Sampling levels since the fishery re-opened ranged from 15,000 to 30,000 individuals and size frequency distributions of the catches in the southern zone are shown in (Figure 14 ). The proportion of females in catches of red squat lobsters in the southern fishery is variable but has increased in recent years (Figure 15).
Figure 14 Size distribution of catches of red squat lobster in the southern region. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015b.
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Figure 15 Proportion of females in the red squat lobster fisheries in the southern fishing zones. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015b.
Biomass estimates using the swept area method from the annual stock surveys show that in the southern region the stock size has increased significantly recently following very low levels at the beginning of the 2000s (Figure 16).
Figure 16 Biomass estimate of red squat lobster from fishery-independent stock surveys for the southern fishing zone. (source: Bucarey et al., 2015b)
Model fits for the southern zone fishery The model provided a good fit to the data in the southern region on CPUE and landings, and provided a reasonable fit to the biomass estimates from the survey (Figure 17).
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Figure 17 Model fits to observed data on CPUE (top), landings (middle) and stock survey biomass estimates (bottom) for red squat lobster in the southern fishing zone. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015b.
Model outputs show that total, spawning and exploitable biomass have declined in the last few years in the southern fishing zone from a peak in 2008-2009, and are lower than historical levels. Recruitment has been at a relatively low level in the last few years in comparison with previous recruitment levels (Figure 18), but has recovered from similar or lower levels previously, so there does not appear to be any evidence of recruitment failure.
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Figure 18 Total, spawning and exploitable biomass (top) and recruitment (bottom) as estimated by the stock assessment model for the southern fishing zone for red squat lobster from 1998 to 2014. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015b.
Estimates of fishing mortality show that current F has increased significantly since the fishery re- opened in 2009 and is forecast to be 0.4 in 2014 above the Fmsy, F45%SPR (Figure 19). The estimate of current biomass is well below the Bmsy proxy of 40% of B0 (Figure 20).
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Figure 19 Model estimate of fishing mortality for the southern fishing zone for red squat lobster. Horizontal line is the Fmsy proxy, F45%SPR . Source: Bucarey et al., 2015b.
Figure 20 Ratio of estimated biomass to B0 for southern fishing zone for red squat lobster. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015b
The results of the stock assessments undertaken by IFOP (Bucarey et al., 2015b) are submitted to the Scientific Committee. The most recent full evaluation by the Scientific Committee of the status of the red squat lobster took place in December 2015 (Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015b). For the southern fishing zone, the stock assessment determined that the ratio of the current biomass to the Bmsy proxy of 40% B 0 is 0.64, and that the ratio of the current fishing mortality is just below the Fmsy proxy of F 45%SPR , and that the probability of current F being greater than F 45%SPR is 0.46, indicating that the southern stock is over-exploited as defined within the MSY framework ( Figure 21 ).
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Figure 21 Phase diagram for the red squat lobster fishery in the southern zone. Source: Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015b.
Based on the assessment of stock status in relation to Bmsy and Fmsy proxies in the southern fishing zones, the Scientific Committee evaluated projections of biomass and catches based on three exploitation patterns – no fishing, F 45% (Fmsy proxy) and Fsq (current fishing mortality). Based on these projections, the Scientific Committee advised that for the Fishing under Recovery regime in the southern fishing zone, the quota (CBA) should be no more than 3,231 tonnes (Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales 2015b). A further update on quota advice was provided by the Scientific Committee in early 2016 (Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales 2016). For the southern fishery the ratio of the current biomass to the Bmsy proxy of 40% B 0 in the northern fishery was re-assessed as 0.72 with no change to the estimated fishing mortality in 2015, giving a new maximum quota for the southern region in 2016 of 4,750 tonnes.
Yellow squat lobster – southern stocks Total landings of yellow squat lobster are significantly lower than in previous years, having declined in the last few years to around 3,000 tonnes from around 5,000 tonnes in 2008-09, and historically landings had in some years reached around 10,000 tonnes. The recent decline has occurred in both the northern and southern fishing zones (Figure 22). Landings are driven primarily by annual quotas, and so do not necessarily reflect stock status. CPUE has fluctuated over the last 20 years in the southern zone, but is currently declining having reached a peak in 2008 (Figure 23). In comparison, although not part of this assessment, it is interesting to note that in the northern region. CPUE standardised for year, month, fishing area and vessel using the method of Maunder and Punt (2004) has increased in recent years in comparison with historical levels (Figure 23).
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Figure 22 Landings of yellow squat lobster from 1979 to 2013 for northern zone (pink) and southern zone (blue). Source: SERNEPESCA / SUBPESCA
Figure 23 CPUE (nominal and standardised) for yellow squat lobster in the southern fishing zone. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a.
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Figure 24 CPUE (nominal and standardised) for yellow squat lobster in the northern fishing zone. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a.
Length composition sampling of the catches has been carried out in the southern region of the fishery. Sampling levels ranged from 15,000 to 35,000 individuals (Figure 25). The mean size of male squat lobsters is larger than that for females. The sex ratios of catches of yellow squat lobsters in both fishing regions are variable but in most years the catches are predominantly male (Figure 26).
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Figure 25 Size distribution of catches of yellow squat lobster in the southern region – females (left) and males (right). Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a.
Figure 26 Proportion of females in the yellow squat lobster fisheries in the northern (red) and southern (blue) fishing zones. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a
Biomass estimates using the swept area method from the annual stock surveys show that in southern regions the stock size has declined considerably since a peak biomass in 2006 (Figure 27).
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Figure 27 Biomass estimates of yellow squat lobster from fishery-independent stock surveys for the northern (purple) and southern (blue) fishing zones. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a
Model fits for the southern zone fishery The model provided a reasonable fit to the data in the southern region on CPUE and landings, but provided a poorer fit to the biomass estimates from the survey (Figure 28).
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Figure 28 Model fits to observed data on CPUE (top), landings (middle) and stock survey biomass estimates (bottom) for yellow squat lobster in the southern fishing zone. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a.
Model outputs show that total, spawning and exploitable biomass have declined in the last few years in the southern fishing zone from a peak in 2005-2006. Recruitment has been increasing in the last few years but is still low in comparison with recruitment levels in the early 2000s (Figure 29) but has recovered from similar or lower levels previously, so there does not appear to be any evidence of recruitment failure.
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Figure 29 Total, spawning and exploitable biomass (top) and recruitment (bottom) as estimated by the stock assessment model for the southern fishing zone for yellow squat lobster from 1985 to 2014. Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a
Estimates of fishing mortality show that current F is well below the estimated value of the Fmsy proxy, F45%SPR, of 0.43 (Figure 30). The estimate of current biomass is well above the Bmsy proxy of 40% of B0.
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Figure 30 Model estimate of fishing mortality and exploitation rate for the southern fishing zone for yellow squat lobster. Horizontal line is the Fmsy proxy, F45%SPR . Source: Bucarey et al., 2015a.
The results of the stock assessments undertaken by IFOP (Bucarey et al., 2015) are submitted to the Scientific Committee. The most recent evaluation by the Scientific Committee of the status of the yellow squat lobster took place in December 2015 (Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015b). For the southern fishing zone, the stock assessment determined that the ratio of the current biomass to the Bmsy proxy of 40% B0 is 1.13, and that the ratio of the current fishing mortality to the Fmsy proxy of F45%SPR is 0.59, and that the probability of current F being greater than F45%SPR is <0.05, indicating that the southern stock is fully-exploited as defined within the MSY framework (Figure 31). Whilst the quality of Figure 31 is poor, it is the most up-to-date assessment of stock status. Without individual years being identified on the figure, it is difficult to interpret. However, the key point to be taken from this figure is that B/Bmsy is 1.13 and that F/Fmsy=0.59 for 2015, and the assessment team confirms that the figures for all recent years show that B has been above Bmsy, and that F has been below Fmsy.
Figure 31 Phase diagram for the yellow squat lobster fishery in the southern zone. Source: Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015b.
Based on the assessment of stock status in relation to Bmsy and Fmsy proxies in the southern fishing zones, the Scientific Committee evaluated projections of biomass and catches based on three
FR Page 48 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY exploitation patterns – no fishing, F 45% (Fmsy proxy) and Fsq. Based on these projections, the Scientific Committee advised that the quota (CBA) should be between 1,504 and 1,880 tonnes in the southern fishery in 2016 (Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales 2015b).
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3.4 Principle Two: Ecosystem Background Principle 2 contains an evaluation of the activity’s impact on the marine ecosystem in which it operates (biodiversity, bycatches, habitats, etc.). This allows a sustainable approach to be taken towards the structure, productivity, function, and diversity of the ecosystem the fishing industry depends on. The evaluation of this principle analyses different elements: primary species, secondary species, Endangered, threatened or protected species (ETP), habitats, and ecosystems.
3.4.1 General Overview of the Chilean marine ecosystem
The linear form of Chile’s coast runs almost 4,200 kilometres and can be split into two main topographic regions: north and south of Chiloé island (41º29’S). The activity in this evaluation occurs between regions V and VIII.
The coast is characterised by long terraces from Navidad (33º26’S) to Chiloé island (41º29’S). Several rivers reach the coast transporting water from both snowmelt in the Andes and rainfall, which are very abundant towards the south, and they pick up large quantities of sediment and terrestrial materials and carry them to the coastal region. There are rock formations, sandy beaches, and several significant estuaries and wetlands.
The marine ecosystem is described as an upwelling ecosystem thanks to the Humboldt Current, which is a cold water current from the Southern Ocean and runs from Chiloé island towards the north. The Antarctic waters transport a high density of plankton, converting the waters the current runs through into one of the most important fishing grounds of the Pacific and the current itself into one of the main economic resources of Chile and Peru (Figure 32). All along the coast, there are regions in which the subsurface waters seasonally upwell with nutrients to surface areas. During that process, the temperature drops generating a spatial discontinuity that defines the upwelling areas. This particular type of ecosystem is characterised by geological, biological, chemical, and physical variable changes. The southerly winds causing the upwellings are prominent along the coast in spring, and as such, the upwelling events are most common between September and March along the northern and central Chilean coast. The coastal waters supplied by the upwellings rich in nutrients sustain the annual fisheries’ landings, which represent approximately 10 percent of the worldwide fish catches. The upwelling phenomenon occurs along a large part of the Chilean coast. The main areas of upwelling are located to the south of Arica, to the south of Iquique to Punta Loos, Antofagasta-Mejillones, to the south of Coquimbo, to the south of Valparaíso, San Antonio, and the area between Talcahuano and Golfo de Arauco. These areas are the same locations of abundant numbers of the main species involving Chilean pelagic fishing activity.
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Figure 32 Main ocean currents wich have influence in the Chilean marine ecosystem. Source: http://fluidos.eia.edu.co/hidraulica/articuloses/interesantes/humboldt/humboldt.htm
The underwater relief of the Western Pacific contains a significant amount of islands and seamounts, which are all volcanic in origin, but most of them have insufficient elevation to break the surface. Two ridges in the national area of interest give rise to islands. The largest ridge is that of Easter Island, which runs from the island to the continent’s edge, including the Salas y Gómez, San Félix, and San Ambrosio islands, as well as a large number of seamounts, interspersed along a 200 kilometre wide strip. To the south of this ridge, between 32º30’ and 33ºS, there is a second smaller 50 km wide ridge, which runs in a west-east direction for 424 km, and supports the Robinson Crusoe and Alejandro Selkirk islands.
In recent years the interest in the knowledge of the marine ecosystem in relation to fishing activities motivated the development of various research projects. The Project FIP Nº 2001- 29: Methodological approach to the ecosystem analysis in the management of fisheries in the central zone of Chile . Was as general objective to review the main methodological approaches to address the ecosystem analysis with emphasis on the development of an approach that allows modeling and management of the main fisheries central Chile.
Using EwE (Ecopath modelling) shows that the changes predicted in the biomass of the main fishery resources using time series of fishing mortality and fishing effort satisfactorily explain the magnitude and trend of changes in biomass of the main fishery resources in the system during the early years 1990, making it a useful tool for fisheries management in a multi-species and ecosystem context tool as it has predictive power. The simulations that incorporate economic, social and ecosystem information expose that the best management scenario was that weighs equally the economic, social and ecosystem criteria, allowing for increased effort in some of the fleets without compromising employment or ecosystem structure . Although the analysis of dynamics model biomass for central Chile incorporating the interaction between biomass of hake and their main prey fish resources reveals relationships that could indicate a "bottom-up" control in the case of red shrimp and anchovies, and "top-down" on the common sardine, analysis of interactions between these species was not complete because the fluctuations in biomass of the species can not be properly captured by the model due both to its instability as internal constraints. FR Page 51 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
Coastal and marine protected areas
General Fishing and Aquaculture Law 18.892 and its amendments, with the text consolidated, coordinated, and organised in D.S. 430/91 of the Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura (SUBPESCA) of MINECON, establishes the following entities: Marine Parks and Marine Reserves.
Originally managed by SUBPESCA, the Servicio Nacional de Pesca (SERNAPESCA) currently administrates these Fishing Law entities, with both attached to MINECON. Law 20,417 amended the creation of this type of protected area by creating the Ministry of the Environment, which was granted the power to establish these areas. These areas are declared to limit access to fishing and other activities that can have negative impacts on the ecosystem and its resources. Bans and measures to manage hydrobiological resources are established, such as a biological closed season per species, temporary or permanent catch bans, the setting of annual catch quotas, and the declaration of specific conservation areas.
Marine Parks are specific and designated marine areas aimed at conserving ecological units of scientific interest, and to protect areas to ensure the nourishment and diversity of hydrobiological species, along with those associated with their habitat. No activities are allowed in them, other than those authorised for observation, research, or study purposes. Marine Reserves, on the other hand, are areas to safeguard hydrobiological resources with the aim of managing and protecting reproduction areas, fishing grounds, and repopulation areas (Figure 33).
The SERNAPESCA currently manages these areas and extractive activities are only possible for temporary periods once an SUBPESCA resolution has been passed.
There has been little effective protection of marine and coastal areas as MPAs up to now, and both initial and the most recent efforts are oriented at preserving fishing resources and aiding production. Some of the protective measures in marine areas are stated below:
‹ 1997 La Rinconada, the first legally constituted marine reserve in Chile is established, in accordance with D.S. No. 522/97 of MINECON, in which it is stated it will remain under the jurisdiction of the SERNAPESCA.
‹ 1999 Through D.S. No. 547 of the National Ministry of Defence, the first Protected Coast and Marine Area (AMCP) is created, called “Underwater Parks Coral Nui Nui, Motu Tautara, and Hanga Oteo, Easter Island”, based on the ministry’s administrative powers over the coastline. Another five AMCPs have since been added, three of them within the framework of the GEF- Marine project that began in 2004.
‹ 2003 Creation of the first Marine Park, Francisco Coloane, located between the Santa Ines and Riesco Islands and the Brunswick peninsula in the XII Region of Magallanes and the Chilean Antarctic, covering 67,000 Ha. of sea and coastline.
‹ 2010 The MINECON proposed DS No. 235, decreeing the "Motu Motiro Hiva” Marine park around the Salas y Gómez islands as Chile’s first protected marine-oceanic area. The 15 million hectare park was established to conserve the marine ecosystems around the islands and the Salas y Gómez ridge seamounts of the continental shelf
Law No. 19,907, of 5 November 2003, amending the general fisheries and aquaculture law, passed due to the need to conserve hydrobiological resources and their ecosystems, as well as to ensure the different agents could continue their fishing activity and avoid competitive conflicts that deplete the
FR Page 52 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY resources and stop some of their activity, banned trawling in the area restricted for small-scale fishing (5nm from the coast), and specifically, the so-called bottom trawling fishing method.
Figure 33 Coastal and marine protected areas of Chile. Source: http://www.proyectogefareasprotegidas.cl/areas-protegidas-de-chile/8-areas-marinas-costeras- protegidas/
3.4.2 Yellow and red squat lobster habitat and distribution
The yellow squat lobster distribution area extends from Punta Lobos (Atacama Region) to the southern limit of Chiloé island (Los Lagos Region). It is within a thin band of sea floor on the continental shelf and the upper section of the continental slope. They are distributed between depths of 150 and 500 m. They feed from residue from decomposing animals and plants in low oxygen concentration environments, meaning they are considered detritivores. They are mainly preyed on by
FR Page 53 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY the Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi), the black cusk eel (Genypterus maculatus), and the bigeye flounder (Hippoglossina macrops).
The red squat lobster distribution area extends from Lobos de Afuera island in Peru to Chiloé island in Chile. They are found between depths of 50 and 350 m. The red squat lobster is a benthic resource found in subantarctic waters during autumn and winter, and in sub-surface equatorial waters that rise to shallower areas during spring and summer. It is estimated that their depth distribution varies based on their reproductive behaviour, with them moving higher up in the water column during the egg carrying period, which is mainly between May and October (Arana 2012)
In their adult phase, they live on the soft floors of the continental shelf and the upper section of the continental slope, concentrated into groups. Three areas of concentration have been found opposite the coasts of the VII and VIII regions, between 35° 00' S and 37° 00' S:
i) Between Iloca and Punta Achira (35° 00 - 36° 15' S) and at a depth range of 74 to 287m;
ii) Between Punta Mela and Punta Cullinto (36° 20' -. 36° 47' S) and at a depth range of 115 and 136 m, and
iii) To the south of the Bío-Bío canyon (36° 49' - 37° 00' S) and at a depth range of 75 to 231 m.
The migrations are associated to bathymetric movements undertaken during the year. This resource is distributed at different depth ranges depending on the time of year: In summer, they are found at a maximum depth of 300m, migrating in autumn towards shallower waters until they reach a minimum depth in winter and the start of spring (50-100m). They then make a swift return to deeper waters and thus, closing the cycle. This behavioural pattern is closely linked to the resource’s two important cycles, reproduction and moulting, with them sheltering in deeper waters during periods when they are most at risk of natural mortality factors (Arana and Arredondo, 1993). A recent study (Yannicelli et al, 2012) modeled In situ the spatial distribution of red squat lobster (Pleuroncodes monodon) larvae over the continental shelf off south central Chile (35–37 S) analyzing currents and hydrography. Their results support the relevance of coastal circulation (affected by topography) on the persistence of P. monodon populations off southern Chile (Figure 34).
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Figure 34 Spatial distribution of larval stages of the squat lobster P. monodon off central Chile in two depth strata (0–50 and 50–100 m). Source: Yannicelli et al, 2012.
The project, FIP No. 2005-61 “Characterisation of the Sea Floor between Regions III and X” aimed to study the main areas comprising the fishing grounds on the continental shelf and the start of the continental slope, and to understand the variables surrounding the existing communities and their spatial distribution (Figure 35).
Its objectives were:
Objective 1.- To collect historical data on existing knowledge of the sea floors in the study area and their main physical, biotic, and abiotic characteristics.
Objective 2.- To define the most representative descriptions of sea floor characteristics, considering the sea floor’s biological, ecological, abiotic, and structural variables.
Objective 3.- To characterise the sea floors through in situ experiences based on the previously defined descriptions, segmenting them geographically, and creating maps that include the area’s bathymetry and type of sea floor (updating and/or creating fishing maps).
Objective 4.- To define and validate the concepts of coral reefs, seamounts, and hydrothermal vents that should be used in this study
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Objective 5.- To determine the presence/absence and orders of magnitude, with coral reef, seamount, and hydrothermal vent georeferencing for the extraction activities undertaken in the study area
Objective 6.- To identify and characterise the geographically ecological groups distributed in the study area and the characteristic(s) of the habitat to which they are associated
Objective 7.- To establish the predator/prey relationships of the species in the ecological groups based on their geographical distribution.
Objective 8.- To recommend which new studies could be undertaken in this same line of research
The selection of sampling areas was defined by determining the intensity of fishing by 64,560 trawl hauls targeting crustaceans (nylon shrimp, yellow shrimp, red shrimp and prawn) and 47,271 sets of demersal fishes.
Figure 35 Indicators and sampling areas of the intensity of trawling crustaceans and demersal fish 1. Source: Melo Fuentes. Proyecto FIP Nº 2005-61 (2007). Caracterización del fondo marino entre la III y X Regiones” Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Some result showns the principal oceanographic characteristics of seafloor. Lower temperatures on the seabed (<7 ° C) occurred between 400 and 500 m depth zones 5, 6, 7 and 8 while higher temperatures (> 12 ° C) were recorded between 100 and 200 m in areas 1 and 3. The salinity of water near the bottom showed values ranging between 34.019 and 34.815. It is seen a tendency to decrease in salinity from north to south, with values lower than 34.2 in the southernmost zone (8) and higher values to 34.8 in the northern zone (zone 1). The longitudinal distribution of dissolved oxygen showed that, in general, lower concentrations tend to occur in the north and the highest in the south. Meanwhile, the vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen on the bottom also showed association with bathymetry, presenting the highest concentrations at depths between 100 and 300 m, while the lowest they did between 300 and 500 m. The particle size of all the sectors studied showed the predominance of fine sand and very fine silts presence of medium to thick in some areas. Organic matter content is considered an average value for most areas and seasons, with a range that goes from 3 to 9%. However the values are slightly higher to the south, with a range that goes from 4 to
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12%. The highest values of primary productivity were reported for the area off Concepción respect to off Coquimbo area.
Some of the inputs from this work in relation with the fishing activity are described below:
The on-board sampling of the commercial fleet ran from March to June 2006 with the aim of identifying the composition of the catches in different fishing grounds. The benthic-demersal community in the study area is comprised of at least 200 species and/or taxonomic units belonging to the animal kingdom. Only 17% (34) of all the species presented a frequency of occurrence of over 10%, meaning there are few common (or recurring) species, and many uncommon (or infrequently occurring) species. However, the number of typical species per group increases from north to south, and from shallower to deeper waters, with the Merluccius gayi gayi the only species present in the defined groups for the eight study areas and the four depth strata, but their distribution reduces towards higher latitudes (towards the south) and with depth. The benthic-demersal species groups are also related to three oceanographic variables: temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, with a direct relationship to the predominant water mass characteristics.
Trophic modelling of ecosystems made it possible to establish the total biomass of the central-south Chilean marine ecosystem, which was estimated at 611,74 ton/km 2 for 2006 (excluding detritus). Phytoplankton (57.34%) was the dominant input in the ecosystem’s total biomass. Within the pelagic section, the highest biomass values were associated with mesopelagic fish (3.12%), anchovy (2.67%), and the common sardine (1.40%). The Chilean hake (1.45%), Humboldt squid (0.74%), eels (0.49%), and red squat lobster (0.38%) dominated the demersal section.
In terms of trophic impacts, the fishing fleet was the group that caused the highest amount of negative impacts, which affected pelagic sharks, jack mackerel, mackerel, besugo, tilefish, albacore, Humboldt squid, Patagonian grenadier, Southern rays bream, and rays. The Chilean hake also caused positive trophic impacts on sea birds, Humboldt squid, banded whiptails, and macrobenthos. Their negative trophic impacts affected eels, medusafish, Southern rays bream, Patagonian grenadier, Chilean hake (cannibalism), yellow squat lobster, and bigeye flounder
Certain types of habitats, such as those associated with hard floors and particularly in methane upwelling areas, were discovered to have more diversity and abundant fauna, probably because of the spatial heterogeneity they create, along with the local chemosynthetic primary production. In this respect, it is worth highlighting that it has been proposed that the levels of photosynthetic primary production are insufficient along the Chilean coast to sustain high levels of secondary production and landings of the observed pelagic fish. This gives rise to the thought there are additional carbon sources that subsidise this high level of secondary production.
In addition, vast deposits of methane hydrates have been described, mainly along the central Chile coast, although it is likely they are present along the entire Chilean coast. It is likely there are many zones where this methane could be escaping to the sediment surface and generating numerous zones where chemosynthetic benthic communities proliferate. These zones are analogous in fauna structure and function to hydrothermal vents. In this project, and compared to other sampled stations, the methane upwelling area found opposite El Quisco presented one of the widest diversities in terms of fauna, as well as abundance of different benthic species, some of which are of commercial interest such as the yellow squat lobster and the nylon shrimp.
Although there is evidence that some fishing gear such as hauling and bottom netting walls and entangling nets can affect the sea floor, bottom trawling appears to cause the most disturbing impacts given its extensive use and contact with the sea floor (ICES 2005). Bottom nets move FR Page 57 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY organisms, rocks, and sediments, reducing the habitat’s complexity, and mix up the sediment of soft floors, which can suffocate sea floor communities that feed by suspension.
Vulnerable marine ecosystems
In 2015 and through resolution no. 451, SUBPESCA established the prohibition of bottom fishing activities on seamounts unless there is a scientific investigation, which shows that the fishing activity does not generate adverse effects on any vulnerable marine ecosystems in the area. The geographical location was also established during Project FIP No. 2006-57 " Biodiversity of seamounts ", along with the calculation of the circular area associated with each seamount using the maximum radius base generated from the contour at a depth of 3,000 metres, which is considered as the limit for bottom fishing operations.
The project, “Biodiversity of seamounts”, identified 118 seamounts and the relative fishing power (RFP) was evaluated for the seamounts close to the Juan Fernández Archipelago. Although the data is limited to a study area in which the fleets operate on the Orange Roughy and Alfonsino resources, the objective was to evaluate the characteristics attributable to the physical impact of bottom trawling gear using underwater photography.
The use of trawl nets has significant impacts on the benthos of the mount, which is dominated by large sessile epifauna. The dominant fauna on the mounts are sponges, gorgonians, black corals, scleractinian corals, anemones, ascidias, starfish, and crinoids. It is acknowledged that it is important to identify the area where cold water coral groups or patches exist in Chile, with the aim of protecting these areas from the anthropic action with the sea floor, as such being able to generate protection and management areas, which conserve biodiversity and the benthic habitat, as well as sustaining viable populations and ecological processes.
3.4.3 Primary, secondary and ETP species
3.4.3.1 Introduction
The team have considered each P2 species within only one of the primary species, secondary species or ETP species components. In order to facilitate the understanding of this section we are going to use the general term ”retained species” when we are talking in general terms.
Background of the gear modification
Traditionally, vessels have used two-panel trawl nets constructed of knotted polyamide. Factors such as overall size, thick twines, heavy materials and small mesh (50 mm knot-centre to knot-centre), resulted in poor functional and selective performance. The concern for understanding the possible impact of trawl nets on the sea floor and other species cohabiting with the target species led to SUBPESCA developing a process with the aim of improving the fishing method used to catch demersal crustaceans. This involved the FIPA financing four projects over an eight-year period. The first project provided basic data on the fleet, the fishing gear, and the catches, considering a first evaluation of bycatch reduction devices (BRD). The second phase involved engendering the users to adopt the most suitable BRD, evaluating the performance during commercial work. Underwater recordings were made of the net’s performance and electronic instrumentation, and it was concluded that adopting selective improvements to the gear the fleet used was not viable. A further project’s aim was to develop and evaluate a new trawl net, incorporating minimising contact with the sea floor into its design, enabling the incorporation of BRDs and selective systems for the separation of juvenile crustacean stock.
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Related studies were conducted since 2000 and a new design was developed in 2007 (FIP No2006- 20, FIP No2008-26). Queirolo et al (2009) carried out experiments modifying the codend and mesh with the aim of evaluating a possible reduction of bycatch while keeping retention of the target species within acceptable ranges. All the same, the results obtained enabled a recommendation for the use of a 70 mm diamond shaped mesh (63 mm mesh size; DM63) in the codend to catch nylon shrimp and yellow squat lobster, whilst further nets with intermediate mesh sizes between 56 and 70 mm will need to be evaluated for the red squat lobster in order to obtain an appropriate mesh for the species.
Characteristics of the new trawl gear were established by R.E. 762 of 2013 and use was to be mandatory starting December 31, 2013. Unfortunately, difficulties in obtaining construction materials delayed compulsory use (SUBPESCA R 3796 and R 2018). The fishery started gradually using the new gear in 2013 and the fleet fully transitioned to the modified trawl when the 762 resolution actually took effect in November 2014. Preliminary data from the 2015 fishery were available for assessment of performance of the new gear.
The changes established , included the regulation of the net mesh size, the length of standards and sweep wires, lateral support ropes made of synthetic material, square mesh escape windows, and regulation of the support net mesh size under the codend.
With the bycatch separator device (in the specific case of nylon shrimp, prawn, yellow squat lobster, and red squat lobster fishing), the nets should include a square mesh escape panel with a minimum clear area of 70 mm or 35 mm bar internal length. The square mesh panel should cover at least the equivalent of 25% of the length of the tunnel and codend, whilst its width should cover the upper panel of the respective section. The trawl net’s tunnel and codend should be made of net panels of at least 60mm in size.
The evaluation process ended with Ahumada Escobar analysing the new trawl net development and transfer (2014). This analysis indicates that the results obtained with the new fishing net suggest it is possible to improve selection processes when catching demersal crustaceans in Chile. Specifically, reductions have been calculated for the Chilean hake ( M. Gayi ), the main bycatch species during fishing for H. reedi and C. johni , using escape devices and by shortening annex structures (bridles- sweeps) (Queirolo et al, 2009, 2011). The technological process still requires modifications with a view to reducing the interaction with the sea floor in terms of the otter boards and ground gear, selective improvement in P. monodon fishing, modification of mesh sizes in commercial fishing, regulation of the characteristics for producing crustacean trawl nets, the defining of trawl net inspection protocols, and the post escape survival analysis of bycatch. (Ahumada Escobar, 2014).
As a result of those studies the Regulation R.E. 762 of 2013 established the following technical specifications for the modified trawl gear (Figure 36):
• The ropes maximum length will be equivalent to 5% of the length of the upper line.
• Panels of Polyethylene, polypropylene, polysteel or other can be used of a density less than density of sea water (buoyant material), banning the use of non-buoyant materials.
• The use of non-buoyant materials may be used only in the codend section
• The maximum diameters of the wires used will depend on the installed power of the ship. On vessels up to 1,000 HP, the maximum diameter of the wire may not exceed 3.5 mm, while on vessels of more than 1,000 HP the maximum diameter shall be 5 mm.
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• The use of double-threaded fabrics in the tunnel and cup is permitted on vessels over 1,000 HP
• Mixed cable (Hercules type) may be used exclusively in the upper cable wich diameter shall not exceed 80% of the diameter of the cable, and any type of structural cable in the rest of the network shall be prohibited
• Floats should be attached to the upper fishing line of the fishing net, ensuring a minimum buoyancy of 1,5 kg per linear meter of upper row
• It is allowed to use a protection against rubbing only in the lower section of tunnel and cup, which should be at least three times the mesh size of the Section to be protected. The use of other elements that obstruct the net are prohibited.
• In the fisheries of shrimp nylon, and yellow and red squat lobsters, the nets shall use a panel of square meshes constructed of a mesh net having a minimum mesh size of 70 mm or 35 mm in length Internal bar. The panel of square meshes shall have a minimum extension equal to 25% of the length of the tunnel and cup, while its width shall cover the upper panel of the respective section
• The sections constituting the tunnel and cod of the trawl nets shall be constructed of mesh netting with minimum mesh size depending on the target species to catch: o for yellow squat lobster, in III and IV and between V and VIII Regions, 60 mm o for red squat lobster between XV and IV and between V and VIII Region, 60 mm.
For any other modification the user shall demonstrates through technical reports that their use improves the capture selectivity to the size of the target resource.
Figure 36 Design of the modificated crustacean trawl gear implementated by regulation R.E. 762 of 2013 FR Page 60 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
At the start of 2016 and using data from fishing logs and specific sampling of bycatch fauna, IFOP presented a comparative analysis of fishing nets (old and modified) based around the composition of species caught in the 2013 - 2015 period in the demersal crustacean fisheries. In this work for the period between January 2013 and October 2014, modified nets included the new buoyant material panel. In addition, the modified nets observed from November 2014 onwards, complied with all the changes established through R.E. 762 of 2013. Lastly, only the modified nets were used for 2015, which complied with all the requisites of the aforementioned regulation 371 fish hauls were analysed for the red squat lobster fishery during the 2013-2015 period, which included the weight of all the species caught.
Analysing the non-target catch overall, this variable presented a median of 221.1 kg/haul with the old net and 189.9 kg/haul with a modified net, although the differences are not statistically significant [P value = 0.2819].
155 fish hauls were analysed for the yellow squat lobster fishery during the 2013-2015 period, which included the weight of all the species caught. In the yellow squat lobster fishery, 6 of all the species recorded in the catches accounted for 97.2% of non-target species by weight, and they individually presented values equal to or above 1%.
Analysing the overall non-target catch weight, the northern fishery unit presented a median of 89.4 kg/haul for this variable with the old net and 83.0 kg/haul for the modified net, whereas the southern fishery unit presented a median of 91.3 kg/unit and 187.0 kg/haul with the modified net.
There was a reduction in the median non-target catch with the modified net, although the difference compared to the old net wasn’t statistically significant (P value = 0.2819). Contributing most in terms of weight in the non-target species were the Chilean hake, the yellow squat lobster, and the bigeye flounder, accounting for 86% of the total. Both the Chilean hake and bigeye flounder showed a modest increase in their catch frequency, whilst their weight in the catches reduced with the modified net. The yellow squat lobster presented a lower catch frequency and had a large impact on the total weight of the non-target catch, but it is likely this effect derives from the fact the fish hauls were taken from regions in which these species cohabit (yellow and red squat lobster), given that they both have very similar characteristics and are caught using the same net, meaning the net won’t be able to exclude it from the catches.
The fish hauls targeting yellow squat lobster, which were mostly available, were undertaken using the modified net and were distributed across a very wide area, making it difficult to make suitable comparisons between catches with both nets. All the same, the observed catches presented many similarities with the red squat lobster fishery, with Chilean hake, the bigeye flounder, and the yellow squat lobster species mainly comprising non-target catches. A low catch frequency was recorded for the red squat lobster, but it contributed to 47% of the non-target species catch. Catching it with the fishing net is unavoidable, with reductions only possible by fishing in areas where the species do not cohabit.
Information used to assess Principle 2
Most studies of catch composition in the demersal crustacean fisheries are based on data available from annual monitoring of the fisheries conducted by IFOP and from FIP special projects. Available annual reports of IFOP assessments to characterize fisheries are from industrial catch using the old gear until 2011, a combination from traditional and modified trawl for 2012 to 2014, and from the modified gear for 2015. There are also studies of catch composition from direct stock evaluations that FR Page 61 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY provide complementary information. In this section, background information is provided on catch composition that applies to both primary and secondary species.
In the data provided by Camanchaca Pesca Sur (Table 16) only the main species retained in the fishery which are managed with LTP are recorded, as such that each owner must have licence for those resources; meaning they have a quota from which to deduct their catch . Table 16 Annual catches of the four species reported by Camanchaca. Only the target species were landed prior to 2012 (before the zero discards project), meaning data is from 2013 onwards. Landings 2012 Regions specie TOTAL V VI VII VIII Red squat lobster 349,181 320,738 1.279,379 2.464,782 4.414,080 Yellow squat lobster 601,834 96,061 697,895 Nylon shrimp 0,183 2,407 1,889 4,479 Common hake - TOTAL 951,015 416,982 1.281,786 2.466,671 5.116,454
Landings 2013 Regions specie TOTAL V VI VII VIII Red squat lobster 1.131,179 857,147 1.378,662 2.512,481 5.879,469 Yellow squat lobster 447,041 447,041 Nylon shrimp - Common hake 0,029 0,061 0,090 TOTAL 1.578,220 857,176 1.378,662 2.512,542 6.326,600
Landings 2014 Regions specie TOTAL V VI VII VIII Red squat lobster 14,759 940,037 2.675,092 2.944,282 6.574,170 Yellow squat lobster 329,611 0,004 103,717 2,842 436,174 Nylon shrimp Common hake TOTAL 344,370 940,041 2.778,809 2.947,124 7.010,344
Most studies of catch composition in the demersal crustacean fisheries are based on data available from annual monitoring of the fisheries conducted by IFOP and from Fisheries Improvement Projects. In the 2014 monitoring report on demersal crustaceans fisheries, there was a preliminary analysis to establish the differences between using old and modified fishing nets, in terms of fishing yield, specimen sizes, and the percentage ratio of the catch of Chilean hake and the target species. The available data made it possible to establish that the fishing yield differences are largely explained by other variables (boat, month, region), rather than the type of net used. Net type is a relevant variable for the sizes of the caught specimens, however the size differences are largely explained by variations in other variables. Lastly, the net type was only significant for the ratio between the catch of Chilean hake and the red squat lobster fishery target species. All the same, given the net modifications with the greatest impact on this indicator only started to be implemented in November 2014, this indicator’s values would be expected to improve in the future.
In the hauls targeting the yellow squat lobster in the Centre-South Fishery Unit, the target species comprised 92.9% by weight of the total catch, followed by red squat lobster with 2.4% of the total, FR Page 62 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY nylon shrimp with 1.6%, Chilean hake 1.4%, and bigeye flounder 1.4%. From the total bycatch fauna, without considering red squat lobster given the characteristics of the fishery being evaluated, the proportions of the main species caught were 23.0%, 19.8%, and 19.4% for the nylon shrimp, bigeye flounder, and Chilean hake respectively (Figure 37).
Figure 37 Proportion of retained species in the yellow squat lobster catches (Source: IFOP, Final demersal crustaceans monitoring report 2014)
For red squat lobster, the target species comprised 91.1% of the total catch, followed by the Chilean hake, yellow squat lobster, and bigeye flounder with 3.8%, 2.4%, and 1.1% respectively. The bycatch fauna was comprised of 42.5% Chilean hake, 26.5% yellow squat lobster, and 12% bigeye flounder (Figure 38).
FR Page 63 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
Figure 38 Proportion of retained species in the red squat lobster catches (Source: IFOP, Final demersal crustaceans monitoring report 2014).
Other studies show similar results where the Chilean hake ( Merluccius gayi ) represents the largest proportion, followed by the bigeye flounder ( Hippoglossina macrops ), grenadiers ( Coellorhynchus aconcagua and Nezumia pulchella ), armed box crab ( Mursia gaudichaudii ), and Chilean lemon crab (Cancer porteri ). (Acuña, 2005; Sagua Cepeda, 2015).
3.4.3.2 Primary species
The primary species identified below complies with the MSC criteria for Principle 2 Primary Species which include: i) are species in the catch that are not covered under P1; ii) are within scope of the MSC; management tools and measures are in place, intended to achieve stock management objectives reflected in either limit or target reference points. Each species shall be considered main or minor depending on the percentage of the catch (5%) or/and their resilience. Their categorization is explain in the scoring tables on Section Appendix 1.
According to MSC requirements and with the information provided by IFOP, SUBPESCA, and Camanchaca the team has classified as primary species the following species: Chilean hake, cardinal fish, nylon shrimp, yellow squat lobster (for UoA1) and red squat lobster (for UoA2).
The Chilean hake (Merluccius gayi gayi ) was considered as a main primary species on the yellow and red squat lobster UoAs. Their proportion in total catch is lower than 5% in both UoCs but the status of their stock is depleted.
The common hake is distributed on the Chilean coast waters between 23º and 47ºS at depths between 50 and 500 m. This species is the main demersal resource of central Chile and supports an industrial and artisanal fishery. Although several measures have been established for the management of the fishery (ie, closing of access, quotas, biological closures), hake population has dropped dramatically over the past decade, due to both natural factors (ie , predation, cannibalism) as fishing mortality.
FR Page 64 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY
The average size of the hake individuals caught by the industrial fleet has decreased by about 10 cm from the beginning of 2004 which is consistent with the practical disappearance of the stock of adult age classes (Subpesca, 2006). Also, in recent years an abrupt decrease in the size of the eggs of hake has been coincident with the disappearance in 2004 and 2005 spawning area south of Canyon Itata (Landaeta and Castro, 2011). Based on latest assessments carried out by SUBPESCA (2015) Chilean hake stock is depleted; the SB In the red squat lobster fishery the cardinal fish (Epigonus crassicaudus ) is also considered a primary main species, given it is managed using reference points (TAC, Subpesca 2016) and although its percentage share in all catches is less than 1% by weight, its stock is considered depleted. The cardinal fish ( Epigonus crassicaudus ) is a long-lived and endemic deep-water fish inhabiting the central and southern coast off Chile. Knowledge about basic biological attributes including maturity aspects is fragmentary. This specie is included in the multispecies demersal trawl fishery off central Chile. The cardinalfish fishery is developed between Valparaíso (33º02 ′S) and San Pedro Bay (40º50 ′S); however, most catches are made in the area between Topocalma (34º08 ′S) and Mocha Island (38º20 ′S).Cardinalfish are found between 100 and 500 m depth, although the highest densities are observed between 200 and 400 m depth. (Wiff, et al, 2008).The size composition in 2012 shows an increase of juveniles and is attributed to the deterioration of the structure of the resource. The stock is in such a poor condition that the fishery has been closed since 2010 and in January 2016 this measure was extended for five years (Subpesca, 2015). The nylon shrimp (Heterocarpus reedi ) is designed as primary minor species in both fisheries. It is fully exploited, and Subpesca states the biological and fishery indicators (biomass 40% Bo and fishing mortality F=0,16) used in the evaluation mean the resource is not considered at risk of overexploitation and overfishing (Subpesca, 2015). The nylon shrimp supports the main shrimp fishery developed in Chile by industrial and artisanal fleet. This resource extraction began in the early '50, As bycatch of fishing for hake, then become important as target resource. It is distributed off the coast north central and south- central Chile, between 23 ° 48'S (south of Antofagasta) and 39 ° 00'S (Puerto Saavedra). In the waters between Antofagasta and Coquimbo their spatial coverage is almost continuous; while more south their presence begins to be sporadic, being in small aggregations. Nylon shrimp inhabit on the continental slope, at depths ranging between 150 and 800 m. However, the fishery of this resource is mainly carried out between 150 and 500 m. It is found preferably in bottoms of clay, sedimentary rock, sand, muddy sand and flagstone (Arana, 2012) 3.4.3.3 Secondary species The team has assigned secondary species in P2 as species in the catch that are within scope of the MSC program but are not covered under P1 because they are not included in the UoAs and: i) are not considered ‘primary’; or ii) species that are out of scope of the program, but where the definition of ETP species is not applicable. The following species are identified as secondary minor species for the yellow squat lobster fishery: Bigeye flounder ( Hippoglossina macrops ); Aconcagua grenadier ( Coelorhynchus Aconcagua ); Chilean grenadier ( Coelorhynchus chilensis ); Granular dogfish ( Centroscyllium granulatum ); Hooktooth dogfish ( Aculeola nigra ); Armed Box crab ( Mursia gaudichaudi ); Chilean Lemon crab (Cancer porteri ); Humboldt squid ( Dosidicus gigas ). (IFOP 2015). FR Page 65 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The bigeye flounder represents 1.4% of the catch by weight of the yellow squat lobster fishery, with the other seven species adding up to 0.3% (IFOP 2015) (Figure 39). Figure 39 Weight catch composition of species targeted in yellow squat lobster fishery. The category "other species" is composed by species which individually do not exceed 0.5% of the total catch. (IFOP 2015). The following are identified as secondary minor species for the red squat lobster fishery: Bigeye flounder ( Hippoglossina macrops ) Aconcagua grenadier ( Coelorhynchus Aconcagua ) Chilean grenadier ( Coelorhynchus chilensis ) Black cusk eel ( Genypterus maculatus ) Red cusk eel ( Genypterus chilensis ) Granular dogfish ( Centroscyllium granulatum ) Hooktooth dogfish ( Aculeola nigra ) Birdbeak dogfish ( Deania calcea ) Armed Box crab ( Mursia gaudichaudi ) Chilean Lemon crab ( Cancer porteri ) Humboldt squid ( Dosidicus gigas ) Gould octopus ( Octopus mimus ) The bigeye flounder represents 1.1% of the catch by weight of the red squat lobster fishery, with the other twelve species adding up to 0.9% (IFOP 2015) (Figure 40). FR Page 66 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Figure 40 Weight catch composition of species targeted in red squat lobster fishery. The category "other species" is composed by species which individually do not exceed 0.5% of the total catch. Source: IFOP 2015 3.4.3.4 ETP species MSC defined the Endangered, threatened or protected (ETP) species as those recognized by national ETP legislation or Species listed in the binding international agreements: a) Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), unless it can be shown that the particular stock of the CITES listed species impacted by the UoA under assessment is not endangered. b) Binding agreements concluded under the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), including: i. Annex 1 of the Agreement on Conservation of Albatross and Petrels (ACAP); ii. Table 1 Column A of the African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA); iii. Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas (ASCOBANS); iv. Annex 1, Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS); v. Wadden Sea Seals Agreement; vi. Any other binding agreements that list relevant ETP species concluded under this Convention. c) Species classified as ‘out-of scope’ (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) that are listed in the IUCN Redlist as vulnerable (VU), endangered (EN) or critically endangered (CE). FR Page 67 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The following table (Table 17) shows the species currently listed in CITES for the Chilean marine territory and their classification in IUCN. Table 17 Species of marine mammals, marine birds, turtles, sharks, fish and coral included in CITES (Appendices I or II) and IUCN (EN: Endagered, VU: Vulnerable, NT: near threatened, DD: data deficient, LC: Low concern, na: not assessed) CITES Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Appendices Mammals Lontra felina Marine Otter I EN Arctocephalus australis South American Fur Seal II LC Arctocephalus gazella Antarctic Fur Seal II LC Arctocephalus philippii Juan Fernandez Fur Seal II LC Arctocephalus tropicalis Sub-Antarctic Fur Seal II LC Mirounga leonina Southern Elephant Seal II LC Eubalaena australis Southern Right Whale I LC Balaenoptera acutorostrata Common Mink Whale I/II LC Balaenoptera bonaerensis Southern Mink Whale I DD Balaenoptera borealis Coalfish Whale I EN Balaenoptera edeni Bryde's Whale I DD Balaenoptera musculus Blue Whale I EN Balaenoptera physalus Common Rorqual I EN Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback Whale I LC Cephalorhynchus commersonii Commerson's dolphin II DD Cephalorhynchus eutropia Black dolphin II NT Delphinus capensis Long-beaked Common II DD Dolphin Delphinus delphis Pacific Dolphin II LC Globicephala macrorhynchus Pacific Pilot Whale II DD Globicephala melas Long-finned Pilot Whale II DD Grampus griseus Grey Dolphin II LC Lagenorhynchus australis Blackchin Dolphin II DD Lagenorhynchus cruciger Hourglass Dolphin II LC Lagenorhynchus obscurus Dusky Dolphin II DD Lissodelphis peronii Southern Right Whale II DD Dolphin Orcinus orca Killer Whale II DD Pseudorca crassidens False Killerwhale II DD Stenella attenuata Bridled Dolphin II LC Stenella coeruleoalba Stripe Dolphin II LC Stenella longirostris Lon-beaked Dolphin II DD Steno bredanensis Rough-toothed Dolphin II LC Tursiops truncatus Bottlenose Dolphin II LC Caperea marginata Pygmy Sperm Whale I DD FR Page 68 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Phocoena dioptrica Spectacled Porpoise II DD Phocoena spinipinnis Black Porpoise II DD Kogia breviceps Pygmy Sperm Whale II DD Kogia sima Dwarf Sperm Whale II DD Physeter macrocephalus Sperm Whale I VU Berardius arnuxii Arnoux's Beaked Whale I DD Hyperoodon planifrons Southern Bottlenose Whale I LC Mesoplodon densirostris Blainville's Beaked Whale II DD Mesoplodon grayi Gray's Beaked Whale II DD Mesoplodon hectori Hectors' Beaked Whale II DD Mesoplodon layardii Strap-toothed Whale II DD Mesoplodon traversii Spade-toothed Whale II DD Tasmacetus shepherdi Shepherd's Beaked Whale II DD Ziphius cavirostris Goose-beaked Whale II LC Birds Spheniscus humboldti Humboldt Penguin I VU Turtles Caretta caretta Loggerhead Turtle I VU Chelonia mydas Green Turtle I EN Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Turtle I VU Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Turtle I VU Sharks Sphyrna zygaena Smooth hammerhead shark II VU Cetorhinus maximus Baskin Shark II VU Carcharodon carcharias Great White Shark II VU Lamna nasus Porbeagle Shark II VU Rhincodon typus Whale Shark II EN Fish Hippocampus ingens Giant Seahorse II VU Coral Antipathes assimilis Black Coral II na Antipathes minor Black Coral II na Antipathes speciosa Black Coral II na Plumapathes fernandezii Black Coral II na Bathypathes patula Extended Black Coral II na Tylopathes contorta Black Coral II na Tylopathes crispa Black Coral II na Leptoseris solida Stony Coral II LC Bathycyathus chilensis Stony Coral II na Caryophyllia diomedeae Stony Coral II na Caryophyllia huinayensis Stony Coral II na Caryophyllia smithii Devonshire cup Coral II na FR Page 69 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Caryophyllia squiresi Devonshire cup Coral II na Deltocyathus parvulus Devonshire cup Coral II na Desmophyllum dianthus Cockscomb Cup Coral II na Solenosmilia variabilis Stony Coral II na Tethocyathus endesa Stony Coral II na Balanophyllia malouinensis Stony Coral II na Leptastrea purpurea Stony Coral II LC Flabellum apertum Stony Coral II na Flabellum curvatum Stony Coral II na Javania cailleti Caillt's Fan Coral II na Truncatoflabellum truncum Stony Coral II na Fungiacyathus marenzelleri Stony Coral II na Fungiacyathus pliciseptus Stony Coral II na Fungiacyathus Stony Coral II na pseudostephanus Fungia vaughani Stony Coral II LC Leptopenus hypocoelus Stony Coral II na Bathelia candida Stony Coral II na Madrepora oculata Stony Coral II na Pocillopora damicornis Cauliflower Coral II LC Pocillopora danae Stony Coral II VU Pocillopora verrucosa Stony Coral II LC Porites lobata Stony Coral II NT Culicia stellata Stony Coral II na Sphenotrochus gardineri Organ Pipe Corals II na Adelopora pseudothyron Lace Corals II na Cheiloporidion pulvinatum Lace Corals II na Errina antarctica Lace Corals II na Stylaster densicaulis Lace Corals II na Chile has signed up to several international agreements to protect wild fauna, including: CITES ; CCAS Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals; SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research; CCAMLR Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources; CMS (Bonn Convention). The Hunting Law also defines the species banned from hunting (http://www.sag.cl/sites/default/files/especies_prohibidas_de_caza_2015.pdf ). Work is currently ongoing to develop the National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Protection of Sea Turtles. In Arica, SUBPESCA has been working for three years on establishing a marine reserve for the green turtle, which would be the first of its kind in Chile. (http://www.subpesca.cl/prensa/601/w3-article-85238.html ). Also, the Action Plan for the Conservation of Marine Mammals in the South Eastern Pacific is also being developed. Based on MSC criteria and the IFOP observers programme data obtained by monitoring demersal crustacean fisheries in Chile, there aren’t any recorded interactions with ETP species. FR Page 70 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY 3.4.3.5 Discard regulation In the latest amendment to the LGPA (September 2012), Paragraph 1 Bis was added to Chapter II, relating to hydrobiological species discards. In general terms, the law defines the development of a research programme aimed at compiling the technical background, enabling the development of a Discards reduction plan, for both the target species and the bycatch fauna, and the incidental fish catch. The research programme was to run for a minimum of two years and at least quantify the discards and the incidental catch, as well as determine the reasons and methods how it is undertaken. Within three years of running the research project, SUBPESCA should establish a Discard Reduction Plan for the target species, as well as bycatch and incidental catch species. The discard reduction plan must consider: a) The necessary management and conservation measures and the technological means to reduce discards, both in the target fauna and incidental catch species. b) A plan monitoring and follow up programme. c) An evaluation of the measures adopted to reduce discards, in both the target fauna and incidental catch species. d) A training and communication programme. The reduction plan must consider a code of good practices in fishing operations as a complementary mitigation measure. In addition, incentives for innovation in fishing gear and systems could be considered, which aim to mitigate or reduce discards of both bycatch fauna and incidental fish catches. The law also establishes the obligation to return marine mammals, reptiles, penguins, and other sea birds to the sea, unless they are severely hurt or injured, in which case they should be retained on board in order to be sent to a rehabilitation centre for hydrobiological species. The boats, N. Sra. de la Tirana, Altair, Antares, Cocha, Isla Orcas, and Lonquimay participate in the discards research programme in accordance with the SUBPESCA Resolution No. 882 of 3 April 2013. Demersal crustaceans discard research programme In April 2013, SUBPESCA used Resolution No. 882 to establish the research programme into demersal crustaceans discards from the boats in the following fisheries: shrimp, II to VIII region; yellow squat lobster, III to IV region; red squat lobster, XV to IV region; yellow squat lobster, V to VIII region; and red squat lobster, V to VIII region. In accordance with the resolution, 9 boats participate corresponding to the fisheries managed under the recovery system and 26 boats corresponding to the fishery administered with transferable fishing licences. The resolution establishes the checklist for the target species of the crustacean fisheries and the bycatch fauna species that will be included in the research programme. Shark finning FR Page 71 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Since 2011 the law 20525 prohibits shark finning practices and establish that sharks must be landed with fins naturally attached to their bodies without any processing on board. FR Page 72 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY 3.5 Principle Three: Management System Background 3.5.1 Area of operation of the UoA and under which jurisdiction it falls (see also point 2 below). The yellow squat and red squat lobster fisheries being analysed are located in the area between regions V and VIII. Its boundaries are defined by an imaginary line located five miles from the coast up to the western boundary, which corresponds to an imaginary line traced at a distance of 60 nautical miles measured from the Chilean coast. It is administered as a single jurisdiction. Both fisheries are administered under the Recovery Plan, which involves a transferable, individual quota regime. For the yellow squat lobster, this has been since September 1991 by MINECON transitional articles No. 1 and 4 of Supreme Decree 430 of 1991, corresponding to the consolidated text of the Fisheries Law, and for the red squat lobster, since 1996 by MINECON Decree No. 787. 3.5.2 Particulars of the recognised groups with interests in the UoA. The following institutions are involved in the different stages of the yellow and red squat lobster fisheries management process: The MINECON, SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, IFOP, FIPA, the Comité de Manejo de Crustáceos Demersales (Demersal Crustacean Management Committee), the Comité Científico de Recursos Crustáceos Demersales (Demersal Crustacean Scientific Technical Committee), CNP and CZP, with each having the following roles and responsibilities: • MINECON: in accordance with DL 2442 of 1978, its responsibilities include establishing the basic policies for managing and coordinating the State’s activities relating to the fisheries sector. Their actions involve promoting the development of the fisheries sector, along with the protection, conservation, and full use of the resource and the marine environment. The fishing law establishes that the MINECON should establish the fishing law regulations. They should also establish administrative measures based on the SUBPESCA report. • SUBPESCA: This standard setting organisation is attached to the MINECON and is responsible for designing and implementing administrative policies and measures aimed at hydrobiological resource conservation and sustainability, in coordination with the sector’s economic agents through the participating authorities established in law. Measures should be adopted based on a technical report and comply with the relevant consultation, approvals, or communications as established in law. • SERNAPESCA: an organisation attached to the MINECON, with responsibility for overseeing fishery activities, ensuring compliance with the established regulatory and legal regulations. They also administer the fishery registries, with registration enabling extractive activities to take place, as well as collect and process fish landing and hydrobiological resource processing data. • IFOP: it is the specialised technical organisation for scientific research into fisheries and aquaculture. It is a collaborator and permanent advisor to the SUBPESCA with respect to decision making on the sustainable use of fishing resources and the conservation of the marine environment. IFOP is responsible for undertaking continuous research as part of the annual research programme developed by the SUBPESCA, as well as administering the databases generated during fisheries monitoring and research activities. FR Page 73 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The government owns the databases and they are accessible to the public. Statistical quality, form, and content standards for the data obtained from the research programmes should be established jointly with Scientific Technical Committees. • Management Committees: an advisory organisation for each fishery or common fisheries group, which should prepare the fishery’s Management Plan proposal, and implement, evaluate, and fine-tune it, where applicable. The Committee is comprised of representatives from small-scale fishing, the industrial sector, processing plants, the SERNAPESCA, as well as the SUBPESCA, which presides over it. The Management Plan proposal must be put to the corresponding scientific technical committee for appraisal, and the management committee will modify the proposal, if applicable. The SUPESCA has to approve the Management Plan by Resolution and its dispositions are mandatory for all agents. The members of the Demersal Crustacean Fisheries Management Committee were ratified officially through SUBPESCA Resolutions No. 2199 and 2456 from August and September 2014 respectively. • Scientific Technical Committees: SUBPESCA advisory and/or consultation organisations on scientific issues relevant to the administration and management of fisheries with closed access, as well as the environmental and conservation matters on which SUBPESCA considers they need to have an opinion. In general terms, Management Committees comprise at least 3 but no more than 5 members. To participate, candidates must have an accredited professional title and specialty in marine sciences related to the management and conservation of fishery resources. The members are named through a public tender and spend four years in their roles. Two representatives from IFOP and SUBPESCA are also Scientific Technical Committees members. Up to two conflict of interest members can also participate but they don’t have a right to vote. The Scientific Technical Committee (art. 153 of the LGPA) is responsible for establishing: (i) The fishery’s current status, (ii) the biological points of reference, and (iii) the range within which the authority can set the catch quota. SUBPESCA can also consult them on other issues such as: The design of administration and conservation measures, and Management Plan preparations. The Demersal Crustaceans Scientific Technical Committee began their activities in March 2014. • CNP: in accordance with the LGPA, it is a subsidiary governmental body with a consultation and decision making role as required. Its purpose is to aid the participation of the national fishing sector agents in issues relating to fishing activity. The CNP comprises 28 representative members, 3 from the public sector, 5 from the business sector (industrial), 7 from the labour sector, 5 from the small-scale sector, 7 from the plant and boat crew workforce sector, and 7 Senate approved, President of the Republic nominated members. In addition, SUBPESCA should consult the CNP on the following matters in accordance with article 149 of the LGPA establishing the Council’s involvement: (i) the National Fisheries Development Plan; (ii) the International Fisheries Policy; (iii) Amendments to the LGPA; (iv) Measures to promote small-scale fishing, and (v) the National Fisheries Research Plan. CNP can also refer to other sector issues it considers relevant and can request the necessary technical background from the sector’s public or private organisations through its President. The Councillors can also inform the sectoral authorities of events they consider affect fishery activities, hydrobiological resources and their environment, and require SUBPESCA initiatives on any issue within their powers, a request the SUBPESCA can deny by reasoned decision. The CNP has been in operation since 1992. FR Page 74 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY • CZP: in accordance with the LGPA, it is a subsidiary governmental body with a consultation and decision making role as required. Its purpose is to aid the decentralisation of the authority’s adopted administration measures and aid the participation of the national fishing sector agents in issues relating to fishing activity. There are 8 CZP in the country, each of which has 18 members, 5 representing the regional public sector, 2 representing universities linked to academic units related to marine sciences, 4 representing union organisations (industrial), 3 representing fleet and processing plant workers, 3 representing the small-scale sector, and 1 representing non-profit organisations that aim to protect the environment or conserve natural resources or undertake research. The CZP should issue their opinion when consulted and prepare technical reports on the different issues involving the administration of fishing resources as the law establishes. The CZP have been in operation since 1992.. Others Stakeholders Chilean hake and shrimp trawl fishery LTP holders in the area of the V to VIII regions, given they also catch yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster as associated species when catching their target species. This is because the current fishing regulation establishes that Chilean hake and shrimp LTP holders must have a yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster quota and report their catch. Details of consultations leading to the formulation of the management plan The Demersal Crustacean Management Committee prepares the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery management plan for the V to VIII region. Once ready, it must be submitted to the Demersal Crustacean Scientific Technical Committee for appraisal, for subsequent approval through an SUBPESCA Resolution. A draft Demersal Crustaceans Management Plan currently exists, is expected to be ratified by th end of 2016. Arrangements for on-going consultations with interest groups. The current fishing regulation requires that any conservation measures must be included in the finalised management plans. In addition and depending on the required conservation measures, the law requires the participation and consultation of the different decision making organisations. For example, when calculating the overall catch quota, it should fall within the range proposed by the Demersal Crustacean Scientific Technical Committee. Details of other non-MSC fishery users or activities, which could affect the UoA, and arrangements for liaison and co-ordination. Only boats registered by EFP holders participate in this fishery, given that an EFP is required to catch these resources, whether they are caught as a target species or an associated species. To carry out their activity, EFP holders must certify they have nylon shrimp and Chilean hake quotas to input their catches of those resources, whether as associated species to the fishing method or as bycatch fauna. Small-scale fishermen do not participate in these fisheries in this manner. Based on data available in the SERNAPESCA website, the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster EFP holders or lessees for 2016 are (Table 18 and Table 19): FR Page 75 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Table 18 Yellow squat lobster EFP holders, 2016. Source: SERNAPESCA. Langostino Amarillo, 2016 Cuota Transferencias Cuota efectiva Armador % Licitado licitada (t) Ingresos (t) Egresos (t) (t) CAMANCHACA PESCA SUR 37,59 687,90 299,00 456,75 530,14 BLUMAR S.A. 18,39 336,54 - 300,07 36,48 SUNRISE 0,50 9,15 - 9,15 - BRACPESCA S.A. 21,63 395,91 - - 395,91 ISLADAMAS 10,51 192,33 163,35 - 355,68 ANTARTIC SEAFOOD 6,77 123,89 - - 123,89 GRIMAR S.A. 1,00 18,30 - - 18,30 RUBIO Y MAUAD LTDA. 2,63 48,06 - - 48,06 PESQUERA QUINTERO S.A. 0,94 17,20 - - 17,20 CONGELADOS PACIFICO S.A. - - 1,07 - 1,07 PESQUERA BIO BIO S.A. 0,02 0,36 - - 0,36 PESQUERA ANTONIO CRUZ CORDOVA NAKO 0,01 0,25 - - 0,25 PESQUERA ENFEMAR LTDA. 0,01 0,10 - - 0,10 JORGE COFRE REYES - - 152,40 - 152,40 PESQUERA CMK LTDA. - - 148,16 - 148,16 PESQUERA LANDES S.A. - - 2,00 - 2,00 Total 100,00 1.830,00 1.830,00 The data above shows that Camanchaca Pesca Sur is the 2016 EFP holder with highest percentage share in the yellow squat lobster fishery with 37.59% Table 19 Red squat lobster EFP holders, 2016. Source: SERNAPESCA. Langostino colorado, 2016 Cuota Transferencias Cuota efectiva Armador % Licitado licitada (t) Ingresos (t) Egresos (t) (t) CAMANCHACA PESCA SUR 64,06 2.958,09 639,17 1.267,41 2.329,85 BLUMAR S.A. 17,87 825,14 - 640,76 184,38 SUNRISE 0,50 23,09 - 23,09 - BRACPESCA 6,54 301,96 - - 301,96 ISLADAMAS 3,04 140,34 300,17 - 440,51 EMPACADORA DEL PACIFICO 1,50 69,27 - - 69,27 ANTARTIC SEAFOOD 4,17 192,57 - - 192,57 ALIMAR 0,50 23,09 - - 23,09 RUBIO Y MAUAD LTDA. 0,74 34,25 - - 34,25 ARTIC S.A. ELAB 0,50 23,09 - - 23,09 PESQUERA QUINTERO S.A. 0,07 3,07 - - 3,07 CONGELADOS PACIFICO S.A. - - 1,58 - 1,58 PESQUERA BIO BIO S.A. 0,01 0,41 - - 0,41 PESQUERA ANTONIO CRUZ CORDOVA NAKO 0,01 0,38 - - 0,38 PESQUERA ENFEMAR LTDA. 0,00 0,15 - - 0,15 JORGE COFRE REYES - - 484,89 - 484,89 PESQUERA CMK LTDA. - - 503,36 - 503,36 SOC. PESQUERA LANDES S.A. - - 2,08 - 2,08 Total 99,50 4.594,91 4.594,91 The data above shows that Camanchaca Pesca Sur is the 2016 EFP holder with highest percentage share in the red squat lobster fishery with 64.06%. Details of the decision-making process or processes, including the recognised participants. In accordance with the LGPA, the fishing authority must establish the prior communication or technical report consultations or requirements with the organisms involved in the management. The following are the consultations relating to the establishment of bans or administration measures: FR Page 76 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY For the conservation measures or management referred to in Article 3 of the LGPA (establishing closed seasons, temporary or permanent catch bans of species protected under international agreements, establishing quotas, defining marine parks and marine reserves, setting landing percentages as bycatch) and the SUBPESCA technical report, the measure must first be communicated to the Scientific Technical Committee, and some must also be reported to the CNP(research quota). The Scientific Technical Committee should propose the range within which the authority could establish the quota. For conservation or management measures like those referred to in Article 4 of the LGPA (establishing minimum extraction sizes, setting fishing methods and gear dimensions and characteristics, requiring the use and installation of devices to minimise by-catch, requiring the use and installation of tools to release incidental catch), SUBPESCA can define them after first consulting the relevant CZP and communicating with the relevant Scientific Technical Committee. For the conservation and management measures referred to article 6 of the LGPA (Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems regulation), the MINECO could establish them after receiving the SUBPESCA technical report and first informing the relevant CZP. In accordance with Article 6B of the LGPA, the corresponding Scientific Technical Committee’s defines the resources that fisheries classify as bottom fishing, through which vulnerable marine ecosystems can be affected. SUBPESCA can also consult the Demersal Crustaceans Scientific Technical Committee about the design of the administration and conservation measures and management plan preparations. The Scientific Technical Committee must include data from IFOP in their reports, along with data from other sources. Objectives for the fishery (referring to any or all of the following if relevant): In accordance with the contents of the draft management plan for demersal crustacean fisheries, the Management Plan aims to: “Have a sustainable demersal crustacean fishery in the biological-fishery, economic, social and environmental domains, maximising the social and economic benefit of the activity, and safeguarding the biological wellbeing of the fishery.” It proposes the following objectives: • Biological dimension objective: To maintain the fisheries based around the MSY, with a quality size composition and appropriate and timely research. • Economic dimension objective: To optimise the economic returns linked to the demersal crustaceans fishery, considering the fleet and plants operation. • Social dimension objective: To improve the wellbeing conditions of all fishery agents, with an emphasis on equity, working conditions, training and education. • Environmental dimension objective: To generate a sustainable environmental strategy throughout the production chain and to improve society’s perception of the crustacean industry. The demersal crustacean fishery Management Plan proposal establishes specific objectives to fulfil each target. The national fishery policy contained in the LGPA establishes the general framework for the administration and sustainable management of fisheries (in art. 1B), establishing that the law’s objective is the conservation and sustainable use of hydrobiological resources by applying a precautionary and ecosystem-based approach to fishery regulation and to safeguard marine ecosystems, with the adopted measures efficacy requiring evaluation at least every five years. To achieve the previously indicated objectives, the following aspects must always be taken into account when interpreting the law and establishing the range of administration measures: • to establish long term objectives for the conservation and administration of fisheries and the protection of their ecosystems. FR Page 77 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY • periodic evaluation of the efficacy of the adopted measures. • to apply the precautionary principle, and to be careful when the scientific data is unclear, unreliable, or incomplete, and unreliable, incomplete, or insufficient scientific data should not be used as a motive for postponing or avoiding adopting conservation and administration measures. • to apply an ecosystem-based approach for the conservation and administration of fishery resources and the protection of their ecosystems, taking into account the interrelationships of the dominant species in a specific area. • to administer the fishing resources in a transparent, responsible, and inclusive manner. • to collect, verify, inform, and share data on hydrobiological resources and their ecosystems in a systematic, timely, appropriate, and public manner. • to consider the impact of fishing on the associated or dependent species and the conservation of the aquatic environment. • to try to avoid or eliminate overexploitation and excessive fishing capacity. • to audit the effective compliance of the conservation and administration measures. • to minimise discards of both the target and by catch species and incidental fish catch. To achieve the objectives in accordance with the LGPA, the fishing authority has the power to establish the following bans or administration measures: • Biological closed seasons (recruitment and spawning), and extractive closed seasons, • Temporary or permanent catch bans for species protected by international agreements, • The setting of annual catch quotas per species in a specific area, • The declaration of defined areas as Marine Parks and Marine Reserves in tandem with the Ministry of Environment, • Landing percentages of bycatch species, • The setting of minimum extraction sizes or weights by species in a specific area and the ranges of tolerance, • The setting of the sizes and characteristics of the fishing methods and gears, • The establishment of the use and installation of devices or tools on boats to minimise bycatch fauna or to prevent or minimise incidental catch, opting for more selective fishing, • The establishment of the use and installation of tools on boats to release specimens caught incidentally by the fishing methods and gears, • The establishment of good fishing practices to prevent, minimise, or mitigate the incidental catch of mammals, birds, and aquatic reptiles, • Extraordinary closed seasons in a specific area or fishery in the face of oceanographic events that harm one or more species. For general and stakeholder information purposes, SUBPESCA must publish an annual report every March on the current status of the national fisheries, rating each of them based on their current status, in terms of Underexploited, Fully exploited, Over Exploited, and Depleted. In addition, the recent amendment to the law in 2013 requires the establishment of management plans for the fisheries, which the Management Committees should put forward to the authority by fisheries or fishery group. In the case of the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries being analysed, the Demersal Crustacean Management Committee prepared the Management Plan, and SUBPESCA is processing it for ratification. Once the management plans have been established, the agents participating in the activity and the Authority should consider the following minimum mandatory aspects: • The general background of the fishery, resources, fishing areas, agents involved, and the markets. • The objectives, goals, and deadlines for sustaining or bringing the fishery to the maximum sustainable yield. • Strategies to achieve the proposed objectives and challenges, those that could contain the applicable administration measures and agreements to resolve interactions between the fishery members. • Criteria to evaluate the compliance of the established objectives and strategies. • Contingency strategies to tackle the variables that can affect the fishery. • Research and audit requirements. • Any other matter considered of interest to fulfil the plan’s objective. FR Page 78 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems: In accordance with the regulation, vulnerable marine ecosystems must be protected in defined areas where invertebrates or geological structures are verified to give rise to the existence of vulnerable marine ecosystems, prohibiting bottom fishing activities with methods, gear, or fishing implements that affect the floor in those areas. SUBPESCA Resolution No. 451 of 2015 establishes the areas around 113 seamounts, in which the development of extractive fishery activity with fishing methods or gear that affect the sea floor is prohibited. Discards: the legislation establishes that the discarding of hydrobiological species should be regulated, and to that end, a discards research programme should first be established with the aim of establishing the reasons behind it, before establishing a discards regulation and reduction programme. A demersal crustacean fisheries discard research programme is currently ongoing, having started in April 2013. It also obliges extractive activities to return marine mammals, reptiles, penguins, and other sea birds to the sea, unless they are severely hurt or injured, in which case they should be retained on board in order to be sent to rehabilitation centres. In addition, there is a specific regulation in the law to protect, rehabilitate, reinsert, observe, and monitor hydrobiological mammals, reptiles, and birds. Outline the fleet types or fishing categories participating in the fishery. Based on the SERNAPESCA landing data per fishing trip from the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery in the area of the V to VIII region, 14 boats operated during 2015, all bottom trawlers, which ranged in length from 17.8 metres to 25.5 metres (Table 20). Table 20 Vessels working in yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery, Region V to VIII, 20015. Source: SERNAPESCA. Embaraciones que operaron en la Pesquería de Langostino Amarillo y Langostino Colorado de la V-VIII región, 2015 Titular de Permiso Langostino Langostino Nombre Eslora mt. Extraordimario de Pesca colorado amarillo Altair 1 Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A. X X 25,51 Antares Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A. X X 23,81 Cachahua I Bracpesca S.A. X X 21,50 Cocha Isla Damas S.A. X X 21,95 Crusoe I Pesquera CMK S.A. X X 21,97 Don Estefan Quintero S.A. X X 18,80 Eldom Quintero S.A. X 22,00 Foche Isla Damas S.A. X X 22,00 Gringo Antartic Sea Food X X 22,00 Isla Orcas Sunrice S.A. X X 21,95 Isla Picton Antartic Sea Food X X 20,00 N.S. de la Tirana II Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A. X X 21,98 Nisshin Maru 3 Bracpesca S.A. X X 19,60 Tome Jorge Cofre Reyes X X 17,80 In addition, the participating boats in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery certification are bottom trawlers, ranging in length from 16 to 26 metres, and on average are between 21 and 22 metres long. . Details of those individuals or groups granted rights of access to the fishery and particulars of the nature of those rights. The EFP is the administrative act through which the SUBPESCA uses the procedure established in the law to empower persons awarded individual catch quotas to undertake extractive fishing activities for the duration of the permit’s validity in fisheries declared in recovery regimes, in this case, the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries of the V to VIII region. FR Page 79 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The EFP is divisible and transferable once a year and can be leased and passed on free of charge. They run for 10 year periods. They are obtained by auction or transferred between owners. Based on the above, they all have the attributes of individual transferable quotas. The EFP is not associated to the boats. To ensure their right to catch their corresponding quota is effective, the EFP holder must first register the boat(s) they will use to catch their corresponding quota with the SERNAPESCA and certify they have the quota for the associated species established in the Regulation. Description of the measures agreed upon for the regulation of fishing in order to meet the objectives within a specified period. These may include general and specific measures, precautionary measures, contingency plans, mechanisms for emergency decisions, etc. When determining the annual catch quota, its size should always bring the fishery to or sustain the fishery at the Maximum Sustainable Yield biological reference point. If the fishery is not at the MSY biological point, the Management Committee must propose the period required to achieve it in the Management Plan. If the fishery is at the reference biological point with a status of over exploited or depleted, the Management Plan should include a fishery recovery programme, which must contain the following: a) Evaluation and definition of the objectives and goals for the fishery’s recovery over the long term and in a transparent manner; and the definition of a evaluation system for the compliance of such goals and objectives; b) Evaluation of the efficacy of the administration and conservation measures and definition of the necessary changes to achieve the fishery recovery objective; c) Evaluation of the efficacy of the fishery control system and definition of the necessary changes to increase its efficacy in the event it receives a poor evaluation; d) Evaluation of the scientific research undertaken and definition of the changes that must be introduced, if necessary; e) Consideration of the economic and social effects of adopting the proposed measures; f) Consideration of the mitigation and compensation measures for small-scale fishermen, special boat crews, and plant workers, and g) In the event of depleted fisheries, evaluation and proposal of the alternating option for fishing ground periods in certain fisheries by different fleets, as well as evaluation of the temporary limitation of the use of certain fishing methods or gear in those fishing grounds. Once the fishery recovery programme has been established, it should be evaluated with the periodicity established in the respective management plan. Particulars of arrangements and responsibilities for monitoring, control and surveillance and enforcement. The LGPA establishes different support mechanisms for the monitoring, control, and surveillance of defined fisheries conservation and management regulations, which must be audited by SERNAPESCA, the Chilean Navy, and the Chilean police force, the latter two within their area of territorial jurisdiction. The following mechanisms are currently required: • A Satellite Positioning Device: from August 2000, they have been required on all industrial boats, irrespective of the management regime under which they are operating. They must undertake their extractive activities, maintaining the automatic positioning system (satellite tracking devices) operational when at sea from the moment they set sail until they put into the authorised port. (Law 19521 that amended the LGPA) The positioning system’s signal is automatically received at two institutions, the General Directorate of Maritime Territory (attached to the Chilean Navy) and SERNAPESCA. Both institutions are obliged to FR Page 80 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY ensure compliance of the requirement and they are empowered to make the corresponding claims when they detect non-compliances. • A landing certificate: since 2002, the law establishes the requirement for all industrial vessels to have landing catches immediately certified by a SERNAPESCA-accredited auditing body, irrespective of the management regime under which they are operating. (law 19713). This requirement was included as a permanent regulation in the amendment of the LGPA in February 2013. • Scientific Observer: since 2002, the law establishes an obligation to accept SUBPESCA- assigned scientific observers on board industrial vessels, irrespective of the management regime under which they are operating. (law 19713). This requirement was included as a permanent regulation in the amendment of the LGPA in February 2013. During the final days of each month, the SUBPESCA sets out a resolution indicating which vessels must accept a scientific observer on board for the following month. The designated vessels don’t receive authorisation to set sail from the Maritime Authority without the observer on board. • Cameras to record images on board vessels: since the end of 2012, the law establishes the requirement for industrial vessels to install and maintain an image recording device operational on board their ships in order to detect and record all discard actions that could occur on board, irrespective of the management regime under which they are operating. (Law 20625 that amended the LGPA). This requirement has not yet been implemented by the authority, which is still working on deciding the technical requirements of the cameras, as well as what location and number of cameras per fishery and size of the vessel. Another auditing mechanism involves the electronic logbook of catches by fish haul: all industrial vessels must report the estimated catches of each resource after each fish haul to the SERNAPESCA. Given it is still to be implemented, SERNAPESCA will soon be able establish the acceptable margin of difference between the reported catches and the certified landings. All the differences compared to the set criteria will be attributed to the EFP owner’s quota. (law 20657) The current mechanisms for the monitoring, control, and surveillance of extraction operations of the analysed red squat lobster and yellow squat lobster fisheries allow the authority: • to be aware and certain of the operations taking place in the authorised areas, • to know the reported landings match the real landings in terms of species and sizes, • to know that reliable information on the activity can be collected when they operate with scientific observers. It only remains for the on-board camera requisite to be installed to ensure the catches match what is unloaded, and prevent any unauthorised discarding and to quantify and verify that only what is authorised occurs. There is also another control mechanism, specifically regarding the unload volumes and the type of hydrobiology resources unloaded, using the mandatory transport records, which are required when transferring the unloaded catches. On the other hand, processing plants are obliged to provide data on resource stocks in their plants, indicating the source of each one and what is produced from them. All the catches, landings, storage, and marketing of hydrobiology resources should have a legal source, which should have SERNAPESCA accreditation in accordance with the provisions of SERNAPESCA Resolution No. 1319 of 2014. Date of next review and audit of the management plan FR Page 81 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY In accordance with Article 1C of the LGPA, the efficacy and implementation of the conservation and management measures should be evaluated every 5 years. Given that this regulation became valid in February 2013, it would need to be evaluated in February 2018. In addition, the Management Plan must be evaluated within the period established in the plan itself, which can be no longer than 5 years. The established evaluation period will be known once the Management Plan for these fisheries is ratified. The jurisdictional category of the yellow lobster and red lobster fisheries in the area of the V to VIII region corresponds to a “Single Jurisdiction”. FR Page 82 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY 4 Evaluation Procedure 4.1 Harmonised Fishery Assessment Fishery Certification Requirements (FCR) version 2.0, section 7.4.16 states : if the assessmet is based on overlapping fisheries, the CAB shall follow Annex PB . In addition, the definition of an overlapping fishery for the MSC is: Two or more fisheries which require assessment of some, or all, of the same aspects of MSC Principles 1, 2 and/or 3 within their respective units of certification. In this regard, there is one fishery under assessment called Chile squat lobsters and nylon shrimp modified trawl fishery with which the harmonization is needed. Since the announcement of the fishery the Acoura CAB was contacted by email. It was agreed that the P1 team member, whom is also team leader of the Coquimbo fishery, would be used for both assessments and that this would aid harmonisation. Further harmonisation discussions took place mainly at the scoring stage of the Camanchaca fishery. The assessment team took the following measures to harmonise with the certify fishery: ● They used the same default assessment tree but the fishery under assessment used the assessment tree from Version 2.0. ● The team scored the fishery based on the previous scores, and only made changes in the event of evidence meriting altering the score or the description of the Scoring Guidepost of Version 2.0. ● Coquimbo have several UoAs including artisanal fleet which is not within the scope of this assessment. For the reasons described above it is understandable that some Principle 3 scores of the fishery under assessment differs slightly from the Coquimbo ones. 4.2 Previous assessments This is the first MSC assessment for this fishery. 4.3 Assessment Methodologies This fishery was assessed using version 2.0 of the MSC Fisheries Certification Requirements and version 2.0 of the MSC Full Assessment Reporting Template. The Default Assessment tree was used for this assessment with no adjustments. 4.4 Evaluation Processes and Techniques 4.4.1 Site Visits and consultations The site visit was held during the week commencing 16 November 201 when the ssessment team visited Valparaiso, Talcahuano and Concepción and met with the client, managers, scientists and other stakeholder. On confirming the date, time, and location, they received an official letter about the visit from the Bureau Veritas Iberia audit team, stating their participation as stakeholders in the fishery. The letter included a request for more detailed information based on the specific agency and respondent role. A scheduled programme of consultations took place with key stakeholders FR Page 83 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY in the fishery – including skippers, scientists, fishery protection officers, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), fishery managers and technical support staff. The agenda of the meeting are described above: 16 November 2015 Team members Rodrigo Polanco (MSC) Maximiliano Zilleruelo (Chief Proyecto Seguimiento Crustaceos IFOP) Interview with scientific Marcelo San Martín (Research scientist IFOP) stakeholder IFOP and Doris Bucarey (Research scientist IFOP) Camanchaca Cristian Candes (Research scientist IFOP) Joaquin Camín (Research scientist IFOP) Carlo Puga and Lilian Martinez (Camanchaca) Place: IFOP, Valaparaiso Fernando Naranjo (Enforcement and compliance officer) Interview with Daniel Molina (Head of Enforcement and compliance) Sernapesca Place: SERNAPESCA, Valparaíso Verónica Madrid (Division U. crustáceos officer) Interview with Mª MªAngela Babieri (Division Chief administración pesquera) Subpesca Alejando Karstegl (Division U. crustáceos officer) Place: Subsecretaría de Pesca, Valparaiso. Interview with and Armando Cummins (BLUMAR) BLUMAR Place: Valpariso Dante Queirolo (Scientist) Interview with the Catholic University Place: Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 18 November 2015 Team members Ruben Alarcón (Scientific) Carlos Puga (Camanchaca) Lilian Martinez (Camanchaca) Interview with the Rodrigo Polanco (MSC) Concepción University Aquiles Sepúlveda and INPESCA Alexandre Gretchina Arnaldo Zuñiga Place: Universidad de Concepción, Concepción. Lilian Martinez Carlos Puga Mauricio Muñoz Juan Carlos Duhalde Interview with the client Cristian Contreras Camanchaca and CNP Pablo Aravera Oscar Alvear (CNP Consultant) Hugo Rooc (CNP Consultant) Place: Camanchaca Pesca Sur office FR Page 84 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Team members Luis Felipe Moneada Interview with ASIPES Macarena Cepeda (Asociación Industrial Pesqueros-Zonapesca) Place: Concepción The information provided to the assessment team was extensive due to the high participation during the site visit. The main topics discussed were related to the stock status and stock assessment of the species and discards of the fishery with IFOP researches and the Scientists from the Universities. SUBPESCA and SERNAPESCA explained the Discard project, the monitoring program onboard, interactions with the habitat, trazability, enforcement of the fisheries, transparency and decision making process. Email was used for all assessment process communications to all fishery stakeholders, along with the public announcements via the MSC website. The team member’s were encouraged to take the initiative in contacting as much stakeholders as they were able. A total of 34 stakeholder individuals and organisations having relevant interest in the assessment were identified and consulted during this assessment. Most stakeholders contacted before the site visit did not respond or indicated that they had no direct interest in this fishery assessment, or that they had no particular cause for concern with regard to its assessment to the MSC standard. After compiling and analysing all the relevant technical, written, and anecdotal information, the team scored the fishery regarding to “Performance Indicators and Scoring Guideposts” in the final tree. The assessment team held three scoring meetings by conference call. 4.4.2 Evaluation Techniques The MSC Principles and Criteria provide the overall requirements necessary for certification of a sustainably managed fishery. Altogether, assessment of this fishery against the MSC standard is achieved through measurement of the Performance Indicators included in Appendix 1. In order for the fishery to achieve certification, none of the Performance Indicators can be scored under 60. In order to achieve a score of 80, all of the 60 scoring issues and every one of the 80 issues must be compliant, with each scoring issue supported with justification. In addition, the fishery must obtain a score of 80 or more in each of the MSC’s three Principles, which are based on the weighted average score for all Criteria and Sub-criteria under each Principle. Table 21 identifies all the scoring elements which have been assessed per component. Table 21 Scoring elements Component Scoring element s Main/ Not Data -deficient or main not Target (UoA1) Red squat lobster NA Not Target (UoA2) Yellow squat lobster NA Not Primary (UoA1) Chilean hake Main Not Primary (UoA1) Cardinal fish Main Not Primary (UoA1) Nylon shrimp Not main Not FR Page 85 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Primary (UoA1) Yellow squat lobster Not main Not Primary (UoA2) Chilean hake Main Not Primary (UoA2) Red squat lobster Not main Not Primary (UoA2) Nylon srhimp Not main Not Not main Not Bigeye flounder (Hippoglossina macrops ) Aconcagua grenadier (Coelorhynchus Aconcagua ) Chilean grenadier (Coelorhynchus chilensis ) Black cusk eel ( Genypterus maculatus ) Red cusk eel ( Genypterus chilensis ) Granular dogfish Secondary (UoA1 & UoA2) (Centroscyllium granulatum ) Hooktooth dogfish (Aculeola nigra ) Birdbeak dogfish ( Deania calcea ) Armed Box crab ( Mursia gaudichaudi ) Chilean Lemon crab (Cancer porteri ) Humboldt squid ( Dosidicus gigas ) Gould octopus ( Octopus mimus ) Habitat Mud and sand substrates NA Not Humboldt Current and NA Not Ecosystem Hake as “Key” ecosystem element FR Page 86 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY 5 Traceability 5.1 Eligibility Date The Target Eligibility Date (TED) for this fishery will be the date of certification. This means that any fish caught by the certified fleet following that date will be eligible to enter the chain of custody as certified product if and when certification is ultimately granted. The measures taken by the client to account for risks within the traceability of the fishery – and therefore generating confidence in the use of this date for target eligibility – are detailed in the rest of this section. 5.2 Traceability within the Fishery Both ship-owners of industrial vessels registered in Chile and authorised to carry out extractive fishery activities in jurisdictional areas, such as the high seas and areas in which Chile has signed international conventions, and authority-commissioned fish research vessels, are governed by the dispositions in the General Fisheries and Aquaculture Law and S.D. No. 139 and its amendments (S.D. 170 - 2014). It is compulsory to have an operational global positioning system with the capacity to transmit the fishing vessel’s location in the sea via satellite to land. In accordance with the Regulation on providing fish information and certification of origin (Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism Decree No. 129, 2013), industrial ship- owners must provide an electronic logbook containing the catch data for each haul and landing data certified by a National Fishing Service-certified audit entity on landing, based on the time and reception conditions set out in Resol. Ext. No. 114-2015. The fishery ship-owners must also inform the National Fishing Service of when their vessels will put into port prior to their arrival. (Art. 64 law 20,657). National Fishing Service Exempt Resolution No. 5440 of 2014, which sets out the catch certification procedure, establishes that the ship-owners must report the vessel is going to put into port at least 2 hours beforehand, indicating the quantity and type of resources in each of their holds and the time the landing will start. Landings are only possible at Sernapesca-authorised ports or points, who should establish them using Exempt Resolution No. 4-2015 and its amendments (Exempt Resolution No. 10,320 of 23-11-2015) (Art. 63 fourth LGPA). 100% of the landings are supervised by a certification body which depend on Sernapesca. As well as complying with the current regulations when the vessel puts in, the captains should provide the company with: 1. The fish control record (crate quantity per haul, haul time, location in the hold). 2. A copy of the trawler logbook data plus other relevant data for Camanchaca. 3. The hold temperature control record. In accordance with Res. 5440/2014, if the vessel does not start the unloading process within 60 minutes of arrival to port, the National Fishing Service should be asked to seal its holds. The certification authority must assign at least two certification agents per vessel to carry out the landing certification process. If a digital form is used, a supervisor must also be assigned to provide a digital signature for the unloading declaration, “Form DI”. The landings must be FR Page 87 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY weighed on National Fishing Service-certified and approved systems, in accordance with Sernapesca Res. 1,588 of 2014. Figure 41 and Figure 42. National Fishing Service Resolution No. 619 of 2016 sets out the procedure to estimate the proportion of species in the landing. The unloading process can be undertaken directly in the processing plant or into lorries for transfer to processing plants. The form DI (Figure 42) is a mandatory record needed to transport the load from the harbor to the processing plant. The legal origin must be certified to undertake the transfer, with the appropriately certified unloading declaration (Figure 41), a procedure established by Exempt Resolution No. 1319 of 2014. In addition, the processing plants must provide daily storage data to the National Fishing Service, identifying the tonnage of resources received and their origin. Procedure regulated by the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism Supreme Decree No. 129 of 2013. Considering the previous information, product traceability is possible, along with the starting point of the chain of custody, and the fish could be assigned the logo at the first point after unloading, i.e. the processing company. Camanchaca integrates the official records as part of their traceability system. Figure 41 Official unloading declaration signed by a certification body. The red rectangle in the lot number which links this record with the ID Form. Source: Camanchaca FR Page 88 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Figure 42 Form DI which is the official landing declaration. The red rectangle in the lot number which links this record with the unloading declaration. Source: Camanchaca Figure 43 Record delivered by the driver at the entrance on the processing plant. Source: Camanchaca FR Page 89 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Figure 44 Certificate issued by Sernapesca when a quota holders transfer it’s quota to a vessel. Source: Camanchaca Table 22 Traceability Factors within the Fishery Traceability Factor Description of risk factor if pres ent. Where applicable, a description of relevant mitigation measures or traceability systems (this can include the role of existing regulatory or fishery management controls) Potential for non-certified gear/s to be Vessels fish with only one gear. used within the fishery Potential for vessels from the UoC to Low. Very unlikely the vessels operate in a different fish outside the UoC or in different area than in the certification unit, because all the geographical areas (on the same trips vessels use a satellite positioning device and the or different trips) sanctions for operating in a non-authorised area are very dissuasive. FR Page 90 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Potential for vessels outside of the UoC There are more vessels out of the client group that or client group fishing the same stock fish the same stock. However, all the vessels authorised have specific fishing permits and quota. In relation to the other eligible vessels they will fish for Camanchaca only if they transfer their quota to those vessels. The transfer process needs to be done officialy authorised by Sernapesca which issue a Certificate. Figure 44 Risks of mixing between certified and It is very unlikely given the fishermen are company non-certified catch during storage, staff and because the other eligible fishers signed transport, or handling activities an exclusivity agreement for the operation do not (including transport at sea and on land, undertake other operations whilst they have a points of landing, and sales at auction) Camanchaca Pesca Sur quota. When it comes to onboard storage, mixing will not occur given that the vessels included in the UoC will be certified for yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster species. The transport services will be contracted by Camanchaca Pesca Sur. The unloading occurs by vessel at the landing point. Unloading of the fish is 100% supervised by the certificatication body subcontracted by Sernapesca. Terrestrial transport is only undertaken using sealed lorries. In addition, the driver has to present and signed a record with the information of the load when entering in the processing plant. Figure 43. The official records explained in the Section 5.2 and figures 41 & 42 contains enough information to guarantee the the risk is negligible. Risks of mixing between certified and It is unlikely given the company uses a set number of non-certified catch during processing fishing vessels for their operation (both owned and activities (at-sea and/or before third party), with the latter ship-owners having an subsequent Chain of Custody) exclusivity contract for catch operations provided as commodatum. Risks of mixing between certified and There isn’t any risk given transhipment can not occur non-certified catch during transhipment in high seas for this fishery. Camanchaca has a specific protocol if this operation has to be carried in cases of force majeure: 1. The captain must request authorization from Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A. 2. Camanchaca must verify if the origin of the vessel and the catch has all the legal authorizations for its capture and transport. 3. Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A shall inform the Maritime Authority and the National Fisheries Service of the maneuver to be carried out. 4. The skipper must declare the location of the catches trashiped within the hold by means of the stowage document that must be filled in all fishing trips indicating the location of the catch per haul in the ship's hold. 5. During the download process, the catch must be FR Page 91 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY clearly identified. Any other risks of substitution between No. fish from the UoC (certified catch) and fish from outside this unit (non-certified catch) before subsequent Chain of Custody is required 5.3 Eligibility to Enter Further Chains of Custody Only, yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster caught in the manner defined in the UoC (Section 3.1) shall be eligible to enter the Chain of Custody. Given the vertical integration of Camanchaca the chain of custody will commence before the change in ownership. The traceability of the product is covered by the certificate of the fishery until the entrance to the processing plant following the first point of unloading. From that point onwards the CoC starts. Camanchaca processing plant located in Manuel Montt S/N 1840 Tomé is certified in MSC CoC (MSC-C-55641). Therefore, the product shall be eligible to carry the MSC logo (under restrictions imposed by the MSC Chain of Custody standard). 5.3.1 Parties eligible to use the fishery certificate The client confirms that the following companies will be covered by the certificate on behalf of the conditions stated in the certificate sharing: • Sociedad Pesquera Isla damas S.A • Sociedad Pesquera Sunrise S.A • Pesquera SMK Ltda • Sociedad Pesquera Genman Ltda. • Jorge Cofre Reyes correspondiente a Lancha Motor Tomé 5.3.2 List of eligible landing points In the specific case of the vessels being evaluated, they usually use the ports of Tomé and San Antonio as their home port, and the operation lasts for 24 hours on average. FR Page 92 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY 6 Evaluation Results 6.1 Principle Level Scores Table 23 Final Principle Scores Final Principle Scores Principle UoA 1 UoA 2 Principle 1 – Target Species 83,3 90 Principle 2 – Ecosystem 82 82,3 Principle 3 – Management 87,5 87,5 System 6.2 Summary of PI Level Scores Unit of Assessment 1 (Red squat lobster) FR Page 93 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Principle Component Performance Indicator (PI) Score 1.1.1 Stock status 70 Outcome 1.1.2 Stock rebuilding 90 1.2.1 Harvest strategy 90 One 1.2.2 Harvest control rules & tools 95 Management 1.2.3Information & monitoring 65 1.2.4 Assessment of stock status 90 2.1.1 Outcome 90 Primary species 2.1.2Management strategy 85 2.1.3Information/Monitoring 85 2.2.1 Outcome 90 Secondary species 2.2.2Management strategy 85 2.2.3Information/Monitoring 80 2.3.1 Outcome 85 Two ETP species 2.3.2Management strategy 85 2.3.3 Information strategy 70 2.4.1 Outcome 70 Habitats 2.4.2Management strategy 75 2.4.3 Information 80 2.5.1 Outcome 80 Ecosystem 2.5.2 Management 80 2.5.3 Information 90 3.1.1 Legal &/or customary framework 100 Governance and policy 3.1.2 Consultation, roles & responsibilities 85 3.1.3Long term objectives 100 Three 3.2.1Fishery specific objectives 70 3.2.2Decision making processes 85 Fishery specific management system 3.2.3Compliance & enforcement 75 3.2.4 Monitoring & management performance evaluation 90 Unit of assessment 2 (Yellow squat lobster) FR Page 94 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Principle Component Performance Indicator (PI) Score 1.1.1 Stock status 100 Outcome 1.1.2 Stock rebuilding 1.2.1 Harvest strategy 90 One 1.2.2 Harvest control rules & tools 95 Management 1.2.3 Information & monitoring 65 1.2.4 Assessment of stock status 90 2.1.1 Outcome 95 Primary species 2.1.2Management strategy 85 2.1.3 Information/Monitoring 85 2.2.1 Outcome 90 Secondary species 2.2.2Management strategy 85 2.2.3 Information/Monitoring 80 2.3.1 Outcome 85 Two ETP species 2.3.2Management strategy 85 2.3.3 Information strategy 70 2.4.1 Outcome 70 Habitats 2.4.2Management strategy 75 2.4.3 Information 80 2.5.1 Outcome 80 Ecosystem 2.5.2 Management 80 2.5.3 Information 90 3.1.1 Legal &/or customary framework 100 Governance and policy 3.1.2 Consultation, roles & responsibilities 85 3.1.3Long term objectives 100 Three 3.2.1 Fishery specific objectives 70 3.2.2Decision making processes 85 Fishery specific management system 3.2.3Compliance & enforcement 75 3.2.4 Monitoring & management performance evaluation 90 FR Page 95 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY 6.3 Summary of Conditions Table 24 Summary of Conditions Condition Condition Performance Related to number Indicator previously raised condition? (Y/N/NA) By the fourth annual audit, the client should 1 demonstrate that the red squat lobster stock is at 1.1.1 NA or fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY. By the third annual audit, the client should demonstrate that the stock abundance and UoA removals are regularly monitored at a level of 2 accuracy and coverage consistent with the 1.2.3 NA harvest control rule. It is will be also necessary to confirm that there is good information on all other fishery removals from the stock. By the forth year the client should demonstrate adequate information is collected to measure 3 2.3.3 NA trends and support a strategy to manage impacts on ETP species, particularly in corals. By the fourth year the client shall to demonstrate that the UoA is highly unlikely to reduce structure 4 2.4.1 NA and function of the VME habitats to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm. By the fourth year the client shall make available the information recorded by VMS system to proof 5 2.4.2 NA compliance with management requirements to protect VMEs In the third annual audit, the client must provide documental evidence that the P2 short and long- term objectives are explicitly expressed in the 6 3.2.1 NA yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries management plan and are coherent with obtaining the outcomes expressed by MSC’s P2. In the forth annual audit, the client must show all the vessels operating in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery undertake their 7 3.2.3 NA extractive activities has demonstrated an ability to enforce relevant management measures, strategies and/or rules. 6.4 Recommendations Recommendation 1 (PI 1.1.2) The assessment team noted that the rebuilding of the red squat lobster stock in the southern region had not yet started, and therefore recommends that the re-building strategy is re- evaluated if the stock does not show any signs of recovery in the 2017 stock assessment. Recommendation 2 (PI 1.2.4) A new modified trawl has become mandatory since November 2014, and this trawl has different selectivity properties to the previously used trawl. To date the change in catchability of the gear has not been incorporated in the stock assessment. 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Ecol. Prog. Ser.:167:185-196. Rodríguez, L., R. Bahamonde y G. Henríquez. 1987. Impacto de las medidas de manejo en el recurso y perspectivas de la pesquería de langostino colorado (Resumen). In: “Manejo y Desarrollo Pesquero”, P. Arana (Ed.), Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, UCV, 81-82. Roff, D. A., 1988. The evolution of migration and some life history parametrs in marine fishes. Environ. Biol. Vol. 22 - 2: 133 - 146 pp. FR Page 102 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Sagua Cepeda C (2015). Análisis espacial y temporal de la fauna acompañante presente en los cruceros de investigación de langostinos y merluza común en la zona central de Chile (Años 2005-2008). Tesis de grado. Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción. Chile. Servicio Nacional de Pesca, Informe de Actividades de Pesca y Acuicultura, año 2015 Servicio Nacional de Pesca, Informe de Actividades de Fiscalización efectuadas en el año 2014, marzo de 2015. Subsecretaría de Pesca, Estado de situación de las principales pesquerías chilenas, año 2015. Marzo 2016 Subsecretaría de Pesca, Estado de situación de las principales pesquerías chilenas, año 2014. Marzo 2015 Subpesca. Veda reproductiva de Merluza común (Merluccius Gayi Gayi). Informe Tecnico (R. PESQ. N 63).(2006) Subpesca, 2012. Informe Técnico R.PESQ N°127/2012. Dimensiones y características de las reddes de arrastre utilizado en la pesquería de crustáceos demersales Subpesca (2015) Estado de Situación de las Principales Pesquerías Chilenas Subsecretaria de Pesca y acuicultura. Informe Técnico N°140 Listado de Fauna Acompañante de Pesquerías sometidas a LTP, conforme L.G.P.A. Wiff, JC Quiroz, R Tascheri and , F Contreras (2008). Effect of fishing tactics on the standardization of cardinalfish (Epigonus crassicaudus) catch rates in the demersal multispecies fishery off central Chile. Ciencias Marinas, 34(2): 143–154 Wolff, M. & T. Aroca. 1995. Population dynamics and fishery of the Chilean squat lobster Cervimunida johni Porter (Decapoda, Galatheidae), off the coast of Coquimbo, northern Chile. Rev. Biol. Mar., 30: 57-70. Yannicelli B, Castro L, Parada C, Schneider W; Colas F and Donoso D. Distribution of Pleuroncodes monodon larvae over the continental shelf of south-central Chile: Field and modeling evidence for partial local retention and transport. Progress in Oceanography 92–95 (2012) 206–227 Yáñez Rodríguez E. (Jefe de proyecto) Proyecto FIP Nº 2006-57 (2008).Biodiversidad de Montes Submarinos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Zilleruelo, R.M., Montenegro, C.P. 2007. Estimation of sexual maturity logistic curve for Bellow squat lobster ( Cervimunida johni ) off southern central Chile. The Crustacean Society- TCS: Mid-year Meeting 2007. Zilleruelo, M., D. Párraga and C. Bravo. 2015a. Informe de Avance 1. Convenio de Desempeño 2015. Programa de seguimiento de las pesquerias de crustáceos demersales, 2015 (Camarón nailon) Subsecretaría de Economia y EMT / Agosto 2015. 45 pp +Anexos. FR Page 103 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Zilleruelo, M., D. Párraga and C. Bravo. 2015b. Informe de Avance 2. Convenio de Desempeño 2015. Programa de seguimiento de las pesquerias de crustáceos demersales, 2015 (Langostino amarillo y Langostino colorado) Subsecretaría de Economia y EMT / Octubre 2015. 38 pp +Anexos. Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Proyecto FIP Nº 2006-57Biodiversidad de Montes Submarinos. Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso Proyecto. FIP Nº 2005-61 Caracterización del fondo marino entre la III y X Regiones. FR Page 104 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Appendix 1 Scoring and Rationales Evaluation Table for PI 1.1.1 – Stock status The stock is at a level which maintains high productivity and has a low PI 1.1.1 probability of recruitment overfishing Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Stock status relative to recruitment impairment Guide It is likely that the stock is It is highly likely that the There is a high degree of post above the point where stock is above the PRI. certainty that the stock is recruitment would be above the PRI. impaired (PRI). Met? Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Justifi UoCs 1 & 2. For both red and yellow squat lobster, the estimated current biomass cation is well above the biomass limit reference point of 20% of B 0. Estimates of recruitment from the stock assessment model for the southern fisheries for red squat lobster ( Figure 18 ) and yellow squat lobster ( Figure 29 ) show no sign of recruitment impairment. For both UoCs, the most recent stock assessments (Bucarey et al., 2015a, 2015b) state that the probability of the current biomass being below B lim is <0.01, and therefore it can be concluded that there is a high degree of certainty that for both UoCs the stock is above the point at which recruitment would be impaired. b Stock status in relation to achievement of MSY Guide The stock is at or There is a high degree of post fluctuating around a level certainty that the stock consistent with MSY. has been fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY or has been above this level over recent years. Met? N (UoA 1) N (UoA 1) Y (UoA 2) Y (UoA 2) Justifi UoC 1. For the red squat lobster fishery in the southern region (UoC 1), the most cation recent stock assessment estimated that the ratio of the current biomass to the Bmsy proxy of 40% of B 0 is 0.72 ( Figure 21 ). This estimate falls outside the target range of 20% below and 50% above the biomass target reference point, and therefore the latest assessment confirms that the red squat lobster fishery in the southern region is over-exploited. The stock cannot be considered therefore to be at or fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY, and so the SG80 is not met for UoC 1. A condition for UoC 1 is raised therefore and PI 1.1.2 is now scored for UoC 1. UoC 2. Estimates of stock biomass for the yellow squat lobster fishery in the southern region demonstrate that there is a high degree of certainty that the stock has been fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY ( Figure 31 ). Although the quality of this figure is poor, the key point to be taken from this figure is that B/Bmsy is 1.13 and that F/Fmsy=0.59 for 2015, and the assessment team confirms that the fishing mortality in recent years has been estimated to be at or below the Fmsy proxy which should ensure that biomass continues to fluctuate around or be above a level consistent with MSY. The SG100 is met therefore for this UoC. References Bucarey, D., C. Montenegro, M. Zilleruelo, D. Párraga and C. Bravo. 2015a. FR Page 105 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The stock is at a level which maintains high productivity and has a low PI 1.1.1 probability of recruitment overfishing Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 Documento Técnico No. 2. Convenio de Desempeño 2014. Estatus y posibilidades de explotación biológicamente sustenables de los principales recursos pesqueros naciolnales al año 2015. Langostino colorado, 2015. Subsecretaria de Economía y EMT / March 2015. 94pp + Anexos. Bucarey, D., C. Canales, C. Montenegro, M. Zilleruelo, D. Párraga. 2015b. Documento Técnico No. 2. Convenio de Desempeño 2014. Estatus y posibilidades de explotación biológicamente sustenables de los principales recursos pesqueros naciolnales al año 2015. Langostino amarillo, 2015. Subsecretaria de Economía y EMT / March 2015. 83pp + Anexos. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015a. Definicion de puntos biológicos de referencia: camarón nailon ( Heterocarpus reedi ), langostino amarillo (Cervimunida johni ), langostino colorado ( Pleuroncodes monodon ). Informe técnico 02/2015. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015b. Determinatión de estado de situación, puntos biológicos y rango de captura biológicamente aceptable, año, 2016. Langostino amarillo (III – VIII Región) y langostino colorado (XV – VIII Región). Informe técnico 03/2015. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2016. Revisión de nuevos antecedentes del Estado de Situación del langostino colorado (XV – VIII Región). Informe técnico 01/2016. Stock Status relative to Reference Points Type of reference Value of reference Current stock status rel ative point point to reference point Reference UoCs 1 & 2 UoCs 1 & 2 UoC1 Red squat lobster point used in Blim proxy Blim proxy = 20% of B 0 B/Blim = 1.44 scoring stock relative to PRI (SIa) UoC2 Yellow squat lobster B/Blim = 2.26 Reference UoCs 1 & 2 UoCs 1 & 2 UoC1 Red squat lobster point used in Bmsy proxy Bmsy proxy B/Bmsy = 0.72 F/Fmsy = 0.97 scoring stock = 40% of B 0 relative to Fmsy proxy UoC2 Yellow squat lobster MSY (SIb) Fmsy proxy B/Bmsy =1.13 F/Fmsy=0.58 = F45%SPR|F=0 70 (Uo A 1) OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 100 (UoA 2) CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): 1 (UoA 1) FR Page 106 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 1.1.2 – Stock rebuilding – Red squat lobster (UoA 1) only Where the stock is reduced, there is evidence of stock rebuilding within a PI 1.1.2 specified timeframe Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Rebuilding timeframes Guide A rebuilding timeframe is The shortest practicable post specified for the stock that rebuilding timeframe is is the shorter of 20 specified which does not years or 2 times its exceed one generation generation time . For time for the stock. cases where 2 generations is less than 5 years, the rebuilding timeframe is up to 5 years. Met? Y N Justifi UoC 1 only . The red squat lobster stock in the south is formally defined as a cation “Fishery under Recovery”, and therefore fishing rights and quotas are distributed on an annual basis to provide strong control over the exploitation rate. Within that regime, the strategy for re-building the stock is to maintain the fishing mortality at the Fmsy proxy which should in the short to medium term recover the stock to the Bmsy proxy. This is achieved by setting annual quotas at precautionary levels such that there is a less than 10% probability that F will exceed Fmsy. The most recent stock assessment shows that the rebuilding strategy defined for the red squat lobster in the southern fishing zone is projected to return the stock to the Bmsy proxy level by 2021, which is less than two generations for the red squat lobster. The SG60 is met therefore. The methods for setting quotas aim to move the stock towards Bmsy and initially to within the target range of 20% below and 50% above the biomass target reference point. As the initial objective is to reach approximately 80% of Bmsy, it cannot be concluded that the shortest practicable rebuilding timeframe is specified and the SG100 is not met. b Rebuilding evaluation Guide Monitoring is in place to There is evidence that the There is strong evidence post determine whether the rebuilding strategies are that the rebuilding rebuilding strategies are rebuilding stocks, or it is strategies are rebuilding effective in rebuilding the likely based on simulation stocks, or it is highly stock within the specified modelling, exploitation likely based on simulation timeframe. rates or previous modelling, exploitation performance that they will rates or previous be able to rebuild the performance that they will stock within the specified be able to rebuild the timeframe. stock within the specified timeframe. Met? Y Y Y Justifi UoC 1 only . Monitoring of stock biomass and fishing mortality on an annual basis cation allows determination of whether re-building strategies are effective. Although the most recent stock assessment did not provide any evidence of an increase in stock biomass in the southern red squat lobster stock, the re-building strategy of limiting the exploitation rate (through ensuring that current fishing mortality does not exceed Fmsy) should move the stock towards Bmsy and therefore sh ould be successful. Experience from all the other demersal crustacean stocks in Chile shows that such a re-building strategy succeeds, including for some stocks that were previously over-exploited. For example, the nylon shrimp stock was rebuilt in the early 2000s, and the yellow squat lobster fishery was rebuilt in the northern and southern regions FR Page 107 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Where the stock is reduced, there is evidence of stock rebuilding within a PI 1.1.2 specified timeframe in the late 2000s and early 2000s respectively. Maintaining fishing mortality at or below Fmsy has been demonstrated in many other fisheries worldwide as a successful strategy for re-building stocks to Bmsy. In the latest stock assessment of the red squat lobster, simulation modelling of the strategy of restricting catches so that fishing mortality remains at or below the Fmsy proxy, provides evidence that the stock will be re-built by 2021. In practice, the Scientific Committee has advised that additional precaution should be incorporated in the setting of quotas such that there is a less than 10% risk that fishing mortality will exceed the Fmsy proxy. It is highly likely therefore based on simulation modelling, exploitation rates and previous experience that the stock will be re-built within the specified timeframe. The SG100 is met therefore. The assessment team noted however that the rebuilding of the red squat lobster stock in the southern region had not yet started, and therefore recommends that the re-building strategy is re-evaluated if the stock does not show any signs of recovery in the 2017 stock assessment. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015a. Definicion de puntos biológicos de referencia: camarón nailon ( Heterocarpus reedi ), langostino amarillo (Cervimunida johni ), langostino colorado ( Pleuroncodes monodon ). Informe técnico 02/2015. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015b. Determinatión de estado de situación, puntos biológicos y rango de captura biológicamente aceptable, año, 2016. Langostino amarillo (III – VIII Región) y langostino colorado References (XV – VIII Región). Informe técnico 03/2015. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2016. Revisión de nuevos antecedentes del Estado de Situación del langostino colorado (XV – VIII Región). Informe técnico 01/2016. IFOP. 2013. Review of biological reference points in domestic fisheries. Report of the 1 st International Workshop held in Viña del Mar by IFOP in December 2013. 42pp. OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 90 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 108 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 1.2.1 – Harvest strategy PI 1.2.1 There is a robust and precaution ary harvest strategy in place Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Harvest strategy design Guide The harvest strategy is The harvest strategy is The harvest strategy is post expected to achieve responsive to the state of responsive to the state of stock management the stock and the the stock and is designed objectives reflected in PI elements of the harvest to achieve stock 1.1.1 SG80. strategy work together management objectives towards achieving stock reflected in PI 1.1.1 management objectives SG80. reflected in PI 1.1.1 SG80. Met? Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . The harvest strategies for the demersal crustacean fisheries in Chile cation are underpinned by the new LGPA. The objectives of the LGPA are "…the conservation and sustainable use of aquatic resources through the application of the precautionary approach, the ecosystem approach in fisheries regulation and the safeguarding of the marine ecosystems in which these resources exist" and "to seek to avoid or eliminate overfishing and excess fishing capacity." The precautionary approach enshrined within the LGPA requires that the management and conservation of aquatic resources and the protection of ecosystems should be more cautious in the management and conservation of resources when scientific information is uncertain, unreliable or incomplete, and not use the absence of adequate scientific information or unreliable or incomplete information, as a reason for postponing or failing to take conservation and management action. These elements of the LGPA provide therefore the framework within which the status of the demersal crustacean fisheries is assessed. The stock management objective for squat lobsters is to manage the stocks within a MSY framework and ensure that stock biomass remains within a target range around the Bmsy proxy and that fishing mortality remains within a target range around the Fmsy proxy. The harvest strategy includes limited entry licensing of fishing vessels in which licences are transferable and are granted to vessels either for industrial or artisanal fishing, the setting of annual global quotas for each fishery in line with maintaining the stocks at target reference points, the use of individual transferable quotas, closed areas, seasonal closures during the main moulting and reproductive periods, and strict restrictions on the trawl design including minimum mesh sizes in the cod end to reduce the capture and potential discarding of both non-commercial-sized squat lobsters and bycatch species, controls on dimensions and material used in the trawl and escape devices. There are also strict monitoring requirements for all vessels in the fisheries including mandatory use of VMS, completion of electronic log books for every tow of the trawl, monitoring of catch compositions and biological sampling through an observer programme covering nearly 25% of fishing trips, direct evaluation of biomass through fishery-independent surveys and 100% dockside monitoring of landings. The assessment of the status of the stock in relation to reference points ensures that the harvest strategy can be responsive to the state of the stock. All elements of the harvest strategy including the harvest control rules work together to ensure that stock management objectives reflected in PI 1.1.1 SG80 are achieved. The SG80 is met therefore for both UoCs. The comprehensive set of regulations and monitoring requirements for the fishery along with robust harvest control rules, that ensure that the stock management objective of keeping the stock around the target reference points is achieved, have been carefully developed over time. The FR Page 109 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PI 1.2.1 There is a robust and precaution ary harvest strategy in place assessment team considered therefore that the harvest strategy has been designed to achieve stock management objectives reflected in PI 1.1.1 SG80 and therefore the SG100 is met for both UoCs. A management plan forboth squat lobster species, which covers all elements of the harvest strategy, has been drawn up and will be implemented in 2016. b Harvest strategy evaluation Guide The harvest strategy is The harvest strategy may The performance of the post likely to work based on not have been fully tested harvest strategy has been prior experience or but evidence exists that it fully evaluated and plausible argument. is achieving its objectives. evidence exists to show that it is achieving its objectives including being clearly able to maintain stocks at target levels. Met? Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) N (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . Annual landings have not exceeded the quotas in any of the fisheries cation in recent years, so that element of the harvest strategy appears to be working. Cross-checking by SERNAPESCA of landings declarations with log book records and processors records, and VMS records with fishing positions recorded on electronic log books did not identify any systematic mis-recording of catch or fishing position data. The harvest control rules are designed to maintain stock biomass and fishing mortality at levels reflected in the target and limit reference points, and in general this element of the harvest strategy appears to be working. Overall evidence exists therefore that the harvest strategy is achieving its objectives, so the SG80 is met for both UoCs. The harvest strategy has been fully evaluated during the drafting of the new management plan for both squat lobster species. However under previous harvest strategies some of the demersal crustacean fisheries have been closed in the past following over-exploitation, and currently the red squat lobster fishery in the southern region is currently below Bmsy (for which a condition has been raised against PI 1.1.1). The assessment team considered therefore that it was too early to conclude that the new harvest strategy was achieving its objectives including being clearly able to maintain stocks at target levels. In addition, the assessment team received information during the site visit that discarding of non-commercial- sized squat lobsters occurred regularly, although such discarding is not permitted under the LGPA, and that the level of this discarding was not quantified. Whilst there is no evidence that the levels of discarding are hindering the achievement of the objectives of the harvest strategy, this provides further justification that the SG100 is not met. The assessment team noted that since 2013 two research projects have been in progress with the objective of quantifying the level of discarding in the squat lobster fisheries. Vessels participating in these research projects have been exempt from the prohibition on discarding. c Harvest strategy monitoring Guide Monitoring is in place that post is expected to determine whether the harvest strategy is working. Met? Y (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . An effective monitoring programme is in place including continual cation recording of the fishing positions through VMS, recording of catches on electronic log books, recording of landings at the dockside, monitoring of total catch compositions and biological sampling through observer programmes, and fishery- independent estimates of stock biomass. In addition, regulations are enforced by FR Page 110 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PI 1.2.1 There is a robust and precaution ary harvest strategy in place SERNAPESCA, and therefore sufficient monitoring is in place to determine whether the harvest strategy is working. d Harvest strategy review Guide The harvest strategy is post periodically reviewed and improved as necessary. Met? Y (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . The harvest strategy is under continuous review through cation regular meetings of the Scientific Committee and the Management Committee and has been improved previously and will be improved when necessary in the future. The Scientific Committee will review the results of the stock assessments undertaken by IFOP and provide advice to the MINECOM on quotas on an annual basis, but will also periodically review elements of the harvest strategy (e.g. the determination of reference points) if required to do so by the Management Committee or in consultation with stakeholders through the CNP and CZP. All elements of the harvest strategy have been rigorously reviewed recently by the Management Committee during the drafting of a Management Plan for all three demersal crustacean fisheries. Elements of the harvest strategy were also reviewed in 2013-14 by a panel of international experts in collaboration with Chilean scientists. e Shark finning Guide It is likely that shark It is highly likely that There is a high degree of post finning is not taking place. shark finning is not taking certainty that shark place. finning is not taking place. Met? Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Justifi Both UoCs . Sharks are not a target species, so this scoring issue is not evaluated. cation f Review of alternative measures Guide There has been a review There is a regular review There is a biannual post of the potential of the potential review of the potential effectiveness and effectiveness and effectiveness and practicality of alternative practicality of alternative practicality of alternative measures to minimise measures to minimise measures to minimise UoA-related mortality of UoA-related mortality of UoA-related mortality of unwanted catch of the unwanted catch of the unwanted catch of the target stock. target stock and they are target stock, and they are implemented as implemented, as appropriate. appropriate. Met? Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) N (UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . There are some unavoidable catches of small squat lobsters cation that the fisheries do not want to catch, but cannot be avoided, and which may not be of commercial size. Over the last few years a significant research effort has been expended in evaluating a new modified trawl which has a larger mesh size and is lighter in weight, and has been shown to significantly reduce the catch of both small target and bycatch species. The newly modified gear became mandatory in November 2014 in the squat lobster fisheries, but there are still some catches of small squat lobsters FR Page 111 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PI 1.2.1 There is a robust and precaution ary harvest strategy in place which may be discarded. There are however two research projects that will report in 2017 on the nature and reasons for discarding of small squat lobsters, which will feed into further review of alternative measures to minimize unwanted catches of the target stock. The SG80 is met therefore. At the present time, biannual reviews are not planned, and so SG100 is not met.. LGPA. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015a. Definicion de puntos biológicos de referencia: camarón nailon ( Heterocarpus reedi ), langostino amarillo (Cervimunida johni ), langostino colorado ( Pleuroncodes monodon ). Informe técnico 02/2015. References IFOP. 2013. Review of biological reference points in domestic fisheries. Report of the 1 st International Workshop held in Viña del Mar by IFOP in December 2013. 42pp. IFOP. 2014a. Review of biological reference points in domestic fisheries. Report of the 2 nd International Workshop held in Viña del Mar by IFOP in April 2014. 85pp. IFOP. 2014b. Review of biological reference points in domestic fisheries. Report of the 3 rd International Workshop held in Viña del Mar by IFOP in August 2014. 72pp. OVERALL PER FORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 90 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 112 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 1.2.2 – Harvest control rules and tools PI 1.2.2 There are well defined and effective harvest control rules (HCRs) in place Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a HCRs design and application Guide Generally understood Well defined HCRs are The HCRs are expected post HCRs are in place or in place that ensure that to keep the stock available that are the exploitation rate is fluctuating at or above a expected to reduce the reduced as the PRI is target level consistent exploitation rate as the approached, are expected with MSY, or another point of recruitment to keep the stock more appropriate level impairment (PRI) is fluctuating around a taking into account the approached. target level consistent ecological role of the with (or above) MSY, or stock, most of the time. for key LTL species a level consistent with ecosystem needs. Met? Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . The key harvest control rule in the squat lobster fisheries is the cation revision of the annual quotas in response to changes in stock status. The objective is to maintain the stock biomass within the target range around the Bmsy proxy and to maintain fishing mortality within the target range around the Fmsy proxy. The stock assessment evaluates projections of biomass and catches based on a range of exploitation patterns – no fishing, F45% (Fmsy proxy) and Fsq for the yellow and red squat lobsters – to assess the short-term consequences of the different exploitation levels and to understand the implications for the stock in the medium term. The Scientific Committee then advises a maximum quota (CBA) that can be taken in the following year whilst ensuring that the level of risk of exceeding the Fmsy proxy should be no more than a pre-defined level (usually 10%). Methods for determining the quota depend on whether the stocks are considered to be under-exploited, fully-exploited, over-exploited or under recovery. In setting the annual quotas, consideration is given to the range of natural fluctuations in biomass that might occur when fishing at Fmsy, and on that basis the target range of biomass levels is defined between 20% under and 50% over Bmsy and F between 25% under and over Fmsy. The harvest control rules are therefore expected to keep the stock fluctuating at or above a target level consistent with MSY most of the time. Both UoCs therefore meet the SG100. b HCRs robustness to uncertainty Guide The HCRs are likely to be The HCRs take account post robust to the main of a wide range of uncertainties. uncertainties including the ecological role of the stock, and there is evidence that the HCRs are robust to the main uncertainties. Met? Y (both UoCs) N (both UoCs) Justif i Both UoCs . The management strategy recognises that there will be natural cation fluctuations around the equilibrium value of Bmsy, so the harvest control rules are designed to maintain the stock biomass and fishing mortality within a target range around the Bmsy and Fmsy reference points. In addition annual recruitment variation may influence stock biomass in the short term. To take this uncertainty into account, the assessment evaluates projections of stock biomass and catches based on a range of exploitation patterns to assess the short-term consequences of FR Page 113 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PI 1.2.2 There are well defined and effective harvest control rules (HCRs) in place the different exploitation levels and to understand the implications for the stock in the medium term. The harvest control rules can therefore be considered to take into account the main uncertainties and are likely to be robust to those uncertainties, so the SG 80 is met for both UoCs. Natural mortality may vary if there are significant changes in predator abundance and there is uncertainty surrounding the level of discarding in the fisheries for both red and yellow squat lobster, and these and other uncertainties are not taken into account in the harvest control rules and therefore the SG100 is not met for the two UoCs. c HCRs evaluation Guide There is some evidence Available evidence Evidence clearly shows post that tools used or indicates that the tools in that the tools in use are available to implement use are appropriate and effective in achieving the HCRs are appropriate effective in achieving the exploitation levels and effective in controlling exploitation levels required under the HCRs. exploitation. required under the HCRs. Met? Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . Limits on the level of fishing effort, the setting of global quotas and cation technical conservation measures are considered to be appropriate tools to control exploitation rates and to ensure that fishing mortality does not exceed the Fmsy proxy. Annual assessments of the status of the stocks provide clear evidence that the management tools in place are appropriate to the fisheries for both red and yellow squat lobsters and have been effective in controlling the level of exploitation. The SG100 is met therefore for both UoCs. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015b. Determinatión de estado de situación, puntos biológicos y rango de captura biológicamente aceptable, año, 2016. Langostino amarillo (III – VIII Región) y langostino colorado References (XV – VIII Región). Informe técnico 03/2015. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2016. Revisión de nuevos antecedentes del Estado de Situación del langostino colorado (XV – VIII Región). Informe técnico 01/2016. OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 95 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 114 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 1.2.3 – Information and monitoring PI 1.2.3 Relevant information is collected to support the harvest strategy Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Range of information Guide Some relevant Sufficient relevant A comprehensive range post information related to information related to of information (on stock stock structure, stock stock structure, stock structure, stock productivity and fleet productivity, fleet productivity, fleet composition is available composition and other composition, stock to support the harvest data is available to abundance, UoA strategy. support the harvest removals and other strategy. information such as environmental information), including some that may not be directly related to the current harvest strategy, is available. Met? Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) N (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . A wide range of information on the stock structure, stock productivity, cation stock abundance and fishery removals is collected from both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent sources. Catch and effort data are recorded for each tow of the trawl in electronic log books and CPUE is standardised for year, month, fishing area and vessel. Landings are also monitored rigorously through a100% dockside monitoring programme. An observer programme covering approximately 25% of all fishing trips records species composition including bycatch, total catch composition, length frequency, sex and reproductive status of females for the target species and collects biological samples. In addition to the collection of fisheries-dependent data, the main indicator of stock biomass of red and yellow squat lobsters comes from annual fisheries-independent stock surveys, which use a swept area method for estimating total biomass and provide information on stock structure. For both UoCs, a limited entry licensing scheme which differentiates between industrial and artisanal vessels, rigorous catch reporting procedures and the mandatory use of VMS means that fleet composition and behaviour are well known. Based on the above, the assessment team considered that the SG80 is met. However it is not clear whether any additional non-fishery information, such as environmental information, is collected on a regular basis, and therefore the SG100 is not met. b Monitoring Guide Stock abundance and Stock abundance and All information required post UoA removals are UoA removals are by the harvest control rule monitored and at least regularly monitored at a is monitored with high one indicator is available level of accuracy and frequency and a high and monitored with coverage consistent degree of certainty, and sufficient frequency to with the harvest control there is a good support the harvest rule , and one or more understanding of inherent control rule. indicators are available uncertainties in the and monitored with information [data] and the sufficient frequency to robustness of assessment support the harvest and management to this control rule. uncertainty. Met? Y (both UoCs) N (both UoCs) N (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . Good information about abundance and fishery removals is available FR Page 115 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PI 1.2.3 Relevant information is collected to support the harvest strategy cation for both squat lobster fisheries and is used in the assessment model to evaluate the status of the stock in relation to limit and target reference points, and to evaluate the short and medium term impact of various catch options. Stock abundance is measured through fishery dependent and fishery-independent methods. Recording of catches from each individual tow of the trawl is mandatory, and standardised CPUE data are available providing robust indices of stock abundance. In addition the direct assessments from the fishery-independent trawl surveys provide a time series of biomass estimates and stock structure information. UoA removals are closely monitored through electronic log book records of catches, observer sampling of total catch compositions, 100% dockside monitoring and processors’ landings records. Cross-checking by SERNAPESCA of these various records provides evidence of the accuracy of the data. However, it is clear that there is significant discarding of individuals under the commercial size in both fisheries, and that the level of discarding is not full quantified. Observers record total catch composition on board vessels, but because in theory discarding is not permitted, th is catch composition is not disaggregated into landings and discards. An IFOP report from 2005 provides estimates of the proportion discarded, but this estimate has not been made in the following years. There are two ongoing projects to monitor the true level of discarding but at the time of the site visit, there were no data available yet from the projects. In addition to the discarding of the non- commercial individuals in the catch brought on the deck of the boat, the assessment team were made aware that some tows of the trawl are not brought on deck and the whole contents of the trawl are released back to the sea (so-called “failed” tows), and that also with the new design of the trawl, it is possible that some of the smaller individuals of the target species fall through the larger mesh-size net on hauling and are not therefore included in the fishery removals. The assessment team concluded that the SG80 is not met therefore for both UoAs and a condition is raised in relation to providing more accurate estimates of the discards of small squat lobsters. c Comprehensiveness of information Guide There is good information post on all other fishery removals from the stock. Met? N (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . Squat lobsters are also caught in other fisheries when they are not the cation target species. As such if any vessels target nylon shrimp in regions V-VIII, then any bycatch of squat lobsters from the nylon shrimp fishery will be recorded and included in the annual global quota. However small catches of yellow squat lobster occur in the fisheries targeting red squat lobsters and vice versa, and the assessment team were informed that landings recorded on behalf of SERNAPESCA through the dockside monitoring programme do not differentiate between the two species, and so some removals of both squat lobster species are not fully recorded. The SG80 is not met therefore for either the red or yellow squat lobster fishery. Zilleruelo, M., D. Párraga and C. Bravo. 2015a. Informe de Avance 1. Convenio de Desempeño 2015. Programa de seguimiento de las pesquerias de crustáceos demersales, 2015 (Camarón nailon) Subsecretaría de Economia y EMT / Agosto 2015. 45 pp +Anexos. References Zilleruelo, M., D. Párraga and C. Bravo. 2015b. Informe de Avance 2. Convenio de Desempeño 2015. Programa de seguimiento de las pesquerias de crustáceos demersales, 2015 (Langostino amarillo y Langostino colorado) Subsecretaría de Economia y EMT / Octubre 2015. 38 pp +Anexos. OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 65 FR Page 116 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PI 1.2.3 Relevant information is collected to support the harvest strategy 2 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): (Both) FR Page 117 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 1.2.4 – Assessment of stock status PI 1.2.4 There is an adequate assessment of the stock status Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Appropriateness of assessment to stock under consideration Guide The assessment is The assessment takes post appropriate for the stock into account the major and for the harvest control features relevant to the rule. biology of the species and the nature of the UoA. Met? Y (both UoCs) N (both UoCs) Ju stifi Both UoCs. Extensive data are available for the red and yellow squat lobster cation fisheries from both fisheries-dependent and fisheries-independent sources. A long time series of data is available on landings, nominal fishing effort, and standardised CPUE along with length composition data, sex ratio and weight at-size. In addition a fisheries-independent estimate of stock biomass from a trawl survey has been undertaken annually since 1995 for yellow squat lobster and since 1979 for the red squat lobster. There is also good information on growth, size-at-maturity and geographical distribution of the stocks for both species. The stock assessment model used for both species is an age-structured model used within a Bayesian framework. The model is fitted to length compositions using multinomial residual errors and to landings, CPUE and fisheries-independent survey indices using log-normal residual errors. The assessment provides an estimate of stock biomass and fishing mortality in relation to limit and target reference points, and within the HCR sets the forthcoming quota at a level that should ensure that fishing mortality does not exceed the Fmsy proxy and that stocks should remain within the target range around the Bmsy proxy. The assessment method is therefore appropriate to the stocks and the harvest control rules, and takes into account the major features relevant to the biology of the species. The assessment is appropriate to the features of the trawl fishery, but a new modified trawl has become mandatory since November 2014, and this trawl has different selectivity properties to the previously used trawl. To date the change in catchability of the gear has not been incorporated in the stock assessment, and so the assessment team concluded that the SG100 was not met. The assessment team understands that there are a number of ongoing studies in relation to the catchability of the new gear, and recommends that any change in catchability is taken into account in future stock assessments. b Assessment approach Guide The assessment The assessment post estimates stock status estimates stock status relative to generic relative to reference reference points points that are appropriate to the species appropriate to the stock category. and can be estimated. Met? Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . Reference points have been developed for both red and yellow squat cation lobsters within a Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) framework. Proxies for Bmsy and Fmsy have been used as target reference points and a biomass limit reference point has been defined. The annual stock assessments provide estimates of current biomass and fishing mortality in relation to the limit and target reference points. For both fisheries Blim is defined as 20% of B 0 (the equilibrium biomass when there is no fishing) which corresponds with the MSC default for Blim. There are two FR Page 118 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PI 1.2.4 There is an adequate assessment of the stock status target reference points, the Bmsy proxy defined as 40% of B 0 (the equilibrium biomass when there is no fishing), and the Fmsy proxy, defined as F 45%SPR|F=0 (the F when biomass per recruit is 45% of the biomass per recruit when there is no fishing). Based on a sensitivity analysis (IFOP, 2014a, 2014b), F 45%SPR|F=0 is considered a suitable proxy for target fishing mortality that would drive a stock towards a Bmsy proxy of 40% of B 0 under a wide range of steepness values in a Beverton and Holt stock recruitment curve, without the need to specify a specific steepness value. The assessments of the status of the stocks in relation to the target reference points are used to manage the fishery through the setting of appropriate quotas (CBAs) within a MSY framework. The SG80 is met for both UoCs. c Uncertainty in the assessment Guide The assessment The assessment takes The assessment takes post identifies major sources uncertainty into account. into account uncertainty of uncertainty. and is evaluating stock status relative to reference points in a probabilistic way. Met? Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . The assessment model used for the red and yellow squat lobster cation fisheries is an age-structured population model used within a Bayesian framework, and the output provides probabilistic estimates of the current state of the stock in relation to the limit reference point, Blim, and the Bmsy and Fmsy proxies used as target reference points. SG100 is met. d Evaluation of assessment Guide The assessment has post been tested and shown to be robust. Alternative hypotheses and assessment approaches have been rigorously explored. Met? N (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . Alternative approaches have been used in the past, and the cation assessment model has been developed continuously. The methods for estimating the Bmsy and Fmsy proxy reference points have been rigorously explored both within the Chilean scientific community and through a series of workshops that reviewed the use of biological reference points within the Chilean fisheries management system. The current assessment approach is an outcome of that review. However the stock assessment has not yet been modified to include the selectivity properties of the new trawl and does not include quantitative estimates of discard rates, and therefore the assessment team considered that the SG100 is not met. e Peer review of assessment Guide The assessment of stock The assessment has post status is subject to peer been internally and review. externally peer reviewed. Met? Y (both UoCs) Y (both UoCs) Justifi Both UoCs . The stock assessment and management approach used in the red cation and yellow squat lobster fisheries undergoes detailed peer review through the Scientific Committee and Management Committee. This peer review can be considered to be both internal and external as members of the committees may be FR Page 119 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PI 1.2.4 There is an adequate assessment of the stock status outside the assessment process. In addition, both IFOP and SUBPESCA have commissioned external peer reviews, for example, the series of three workshops convened in 2013 to 2014 with invited international experts to evaluate the setting of biological reference points within the MSY framework (IFOP, 2013; 2014a; 2014b). The SG100 is met therefore. Bucarey, D., C. Montenegro, M. Zilleruelo, D. Párraga and C. Bravo. 2015a. Documento Técnico No. 2. Convenio de Desempeño 2014. Estatus y posibilidades de explotación biológicamente sustenables de los principales recursos pesqueros naciolnales al año 2015. Langostino colorado, 2015. Subsecretaria de Economía y EMT / March 2015. 94pp + Anexos. Bucarey, D., C. Canales, C. Montenegro, M. Zilleruelo, D. P árraga. 2015b. Documento Técnico No. 2. Convenio de Desempeño 2014. Estatus y posibilidades de explotación biológicamente sustenables de los principales recursos pesqueros naciolnales al año 2015. Langostino amarillo, 2015. Subsecretaria de Economía y EMT / March 2015. 83pp + Anexos. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2015b. Determinatión de estado de situación, puntos biológicos y rango de captura biológicamente References aceptable, año, 2016. Langostino amarillo (III – VIII Región) y langostino colorado (XV – VIII Región). Informe técnico 03/2015. Comité Científico Técnico Crustáceos Demersales. 2016. Revisión de nuevos antecedentes del Estado de Situación del langostino colorado (XV – VIII Región). Informe técnico 01/2016. IFOP. 2013. Review of biological reference points in domestic fisheries. Report of the 1 st International Workshop held in Viña del Mar by IFOP in December 2013. 42pp. IFOP. 2014a. Review of biological reference points in domestic fisheries. Report of the 2 nd International Workshop held in Viña del Mar by IFOP in April 2014. 85pp. IFOP. 2014b. Review of biological reference points in domestic fisheries. Report of the 3 rd International Workshop held in Viña del Mar by IFOP in August 2014. 72pp. OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDIC ATOR SCORE: 90 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 120 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.1.1 – Primary species outcome (UoA1 Red Squat Lobster) The UoA aims to maintain primary species above the PRI and does not hinder PI 2.1.1 recovery of primary species if they are below the PRI. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Main primary species stock status Guide Main primary species are Main primary species are There is a high degree of post likely to be above the PRI highly likely to be above certainty that main the PRI primary species are above the PRI and are OR fluctuating around a level OR consistent with MSY. If the species is below the PRI, the UoA has If the species is below the measures in place that PRI, there is either are expected to ensure evidence of recovery or that the UoA does not a demonstrably effective hinder recovery and strategy in place between rebuilding. all MSC UoAs which categorise this species as main , to ensure that they collectively do not hinder recovery and rebuilding. Met? Y Y N Justifi Hake is considered as a primary species in the red squat lobster fishery, given it is cation managed based on reference points. Hakes catches represents only 3.8% of total catches of the fishery, nevertheless we considered hake as a main species based on GSA3.4.2 (“ a stock might be in such a poor state, that all impact by the UoA is important enough to consider, even in cases where the catch proportion is so low that it would normally be classified as a minor species ”) since the hake stock is considered depleted. Chilean hake stock is depleted based on latest assessments carried out by IFOP; the CCT concurred that SB FR Page 121 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA aims to maintain primary species above the PRI and does not hinder PI 2.1.1 recovery of primary species if they are below the PRI. Figure 45 Phase diagram of hake stock, 2015. Source: IFOP In the same way the Cardinal fish (Epigonus crassicaudus ) is also considered a primary main species, given it is managed using reference points (TAC, Subpesca 2016) and although its percentage share in all catches is less than 1% by weight (IFOP, 2014), its stock is considered depleted (Figure 46 ). Figure 46 Phase-diagram of Cardinal fish (SUBPESCA, 2015) Acording to MSC requirements the cumulative impacts of other UoCs with the same main species need to be harmonised (GPB3). In the UoC of the “Chile squat lobsters FR Page 122 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA aims to maintain primary species above the PRI and does not hinder PI 2.1.1 recovery of primary species if they are below the PRI. and nylon shrimp modified trawl fishery” prepared for “La Asociación de Armadores e Industriales Pesqueros de la IV Región - AIP) the retained species considered main are hake and yellow squat lobster. Hake is considered main; although catch share is <5% it is a vulnerable species. Although cardinal fish is also a vulnerable species, the CAB did not considered main based on it catches only represents <0.01%. In this UoC under evaluation the CAB considered that the status of the stocks (depleted) justify considering both species as main. The contribution of both species in the total catch is considering marginal and the quota and closure systems are part of a demonstrably effective strategy in place between all MSC UoAs which categorise those species as main (see PI 2.1.2 for details on the set of measures in place) to ensure that the fishery do not hinder recovery and rebuilding. As a sum up, the red squat lobster fishery has a biological closed season from January to march, and in the month of September. Also, hake and cardinal fish have their own biological closed seasons. For hake is during the month of september every year. For cardinal fish and due to the poor condition of their stock the fishery has been closed since 2010 and in January 2016 this measure was extended for five years (Subpesca, 2015). Other measures aplied to manage the main retained species in demersal crustacean fisheries are the fishing gear modification to reduce bycatch and the administration of retained species by a catch quotas system Therefore, for both elements (Hake and Cardinal fish) SG60 and SG80 are met because the strategy in place is demonstrate to be effective. SG100 is not met since both species are below the PRI and are not fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY. b Minor primary species stock status Guide Minor Primary species are post highly likely to be above the PRI Or If below the PRI, there is evidence that the UoA does not hinder the recovery and rebuilding of minor primary species Met? Y Justifi The yellow squat lobster and the nylon shrimp species are managed using cation reference points and are fully exploited, with their catches representing 2.4% and 0.7% of total catches respectively, and as such they are considered as primary minor species, but they are not below the PRI (Figure 47, Figure 48). FR Page 123 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA aims to maintain primary species above the PRI and does not hinder PI 2.1.1 recovery of primary species if they are below the PRI. Figure 47 Phase-diagram of the Yellow Squat Lobster exploitation (Fully exploited). Source: SUBPESCA, 2015 Figure 48 Phase-diagram of the Nylon Shrimp exploitation (Fully exploited). Source: SUBPESCA, 2015 For both species, the biological and fishery indicators (biomass and fishing mortality) used in the evaluation mean the resources are not considered at risk of overexploitation and overfishing. (Subpesca, 2015). Minor Primary species are highly likely to be above the PRI, SG 100 is met. http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/w3-propertyname-510.html IFOP. 2014. Informe final Programa de Seguimiento de las Pesquerías de Crustáceos Demersales References 2014. Subpesca. 2015. Estado de situación de las principales pesquerías chilenas, año 2015. FR Page 124 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA aims to maintain primary species above the PRI and does not hinder PI 2.1.1 recovery of primary species if they are below the PRI. Element 1: Hake 80 Element 2: Cardinal fish 80 Element 3: Yellow squat lobster 100 Element 4: Nylon shrimp 100 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 90 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 125 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.1.2 – Primary species management strategy (UoA1 Red squat lobster) There is a strategy in place that is designed to maintain or to not hinder PI 2.1.2 rebuilding of primary species, and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Management strategy in place Guide There are measures in There is a partial There is a strategy in post place for the UoA, if strategy in place for the place for the UoA for necessary, that are UoA, if necessary, that is managing main and minor expected to maintain or to expected to maintain or to primary species. not hinder rebuilding of not hinder rebuilding of the main primary species the main primary species at/to levels which are at/to levels which are likely to above the point highly likely to be above where recruitment would the point where be impaired. recruitment would be impaired. Met? Y Y Y (Hake) N (others elements) Justifi The management in place for the UoA is considered a partial strategy because it cation includes one or more measures, (modifications of fishing gear, clousures and a quota system) a aim (catch reduction) and monitoring that provides information (direct and indirect assessments) This is part of a set of actions that have not been designed to manage the impact on a specific component. In this way the Secretariat for Fisheries and Aquaculture (SUBPESCA) developed a process with the ultimate aim of improving the fishing method used for catching demersal crustaceans. This involved the FIPA financing four projects over an eight- year period. The changes were established through R.E. 762 of 2013, which included the regulation of the net mesh size, the length of standards and sweep wires, lateral support ropes made of synthetic material, square mesh escape windows, and regulation of the support net mesh size under the codend. With the bycatch separator device (in the specific case of nylon shrimp, prawn, yellow squat lobster, and red squat lobster fishing), the nets should include a square mesh escape panel with a minimum clear area of 70 mm or 35 mm bar internal length. The square mesh panel should cover at least the equivalent of 25% of the length of the tunnel and codend, whilst its width should cover the upper panel of the respective section.The trawl net ’s tunnel and codend should be made of net panels of at least 60mm in size. Closed season systems are also applied for each resource in order to help the stocks to recover. There is an annual biological closed season for hake fishing during the month of September. In the case of the besugo, and in accordance with the resource status, a closed season has been established from January 2016 for five years. In addition, a maximum 0.5% bycatch limit of besugo per haul from demersal crustacean fisheries is established. (Subpesca, 2016) In addition, catches from the fleet being evaluated must be counted on unloading and the quota obtained for each landed species. This quota is restricted by licence, a measure that also helps the stock to recover. Also, since 2013 a discard program was established in the demersal crustacean fisheries (See 3.4.3.5 Discard regulation). FR Page 126 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There is a strategy in place that is designed to maintain or to not hinder PI 2.1.2 rebuilding of primary species, and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. SG 60 and SG 80 are met for both primary main species (Hake and cardinal fish) because there are several measures in place for the UoA, which are part of a partial strategy that is expected to maintain or to not hinder rebuilding of the main primary species at/to levels which are highly likely to be above the point where recruitment would be impaired. The trawl modification in this fishery was mainly oriented to reduce the bycatch of the hake but the gears do not have the capacity to avoid the capture of other crustacean species. Then, there is not a strategy in place for the UoA for managing all primary species. SG 100 is met for hake but not for the other species . b Management strategy evaluation Guide The measures are There is some objective Testing supports high post considered likely to work, basis for confidence confidence that the based on plausible that the measures/partial partial strategy/strategy argument (e.g., general strategy will work, based will work, based on experience, theory or on some information information directly about comparison with similar directly about the fishery the fishery and/or species fisheries/species). and/or species involved. involved. Met? Y Y N (All elements) Justifi Subpesca funded a range of periodic research projects aimed at characterising the cation fisheries from a technological and bycatch perspective, as well as evaluating different catch selection options with the aim of minimising the side effects of the activity. The technological innovation process in the fishing nets began in 2001 with a study aimed at both characterising the base line in technological and catch terms, as well as testing bycatch reduction devices (BRD) in the nets used by the fleet. The results obtained with the new fishing net indicate it is possible to improve catch selection processes for demersal crustacean fisheries (mainly in the H. reedi and C. johni fisheries). Reductions in M. gayi catches were achieved through the shortening of the bridles and sweeps at the front of the trawl net, but no significant differences were found for other species, however. Both the closed season and quota systems form part of what is considered a functional strategy based on the direct data from the fishery. The yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster are very similar, and are caught using the same net, meaning it is unlikely the net will be able to exclude one of these species when it is not the target species. The fishery has measures that are considered likely to work, so SG 60 is met. The SG 80 is met because there is some objective basis for confidence by the information collected as part of the research for gear change. Experimental trawls were tested by the crustacean trawl fisheries sector of Chile and the result shown that of the most frequent species that constitute the bycatch, only M. gayi showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in average catch rates by weight among years (Queirolo et al, 2011). But the IFOP (2014, 2016) not find significant differences with the information obtained by tested the new gears directly in the fishery, thus SG 100 is not met because the results do not provide high confidence that the partial strategy/strategy will work. c Management strategy implementation Guide There is some evidence There is clear evidence FR Page 127 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There is a strategy in place that is designed to maintain or to not hinder PI 2.1.2 rebuilding of primary species, and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. post that the measures/partial that the partial strategy is being strategy/strategy is being implemented implemented successfully successfully . and is achieving its overall objective as set out in scoring issue (a). Met? Y N (All elements) Justifi The new crustaceans fishing net is now in use in normal boat operations and cation personnel have been trained on its preparation for use. The currently available data doesn ’t provide coverage for the entire fleet and the recent implementation should be evaluated annually. In addition, these partial results currently show positive changes using the new net, but they don ’t apply to all species caught as bycatch. The fact the closed season and catch quota systems regulated by licences since 2013 are well implemented and form part of this partial strategy should also be considered. In November 2014 the fishery starts to use the gears with all the modifications established (IFOP, 2015). This represents some evidence that the measures/partial strategy is being implemented successfully and SG 80 is met. But, the team thinks there is not clear evidence that the partial strategy is being implemented successfully and no results show that the implementation is achieve the overall objectives, therefore SG 100 is not met. d Sharkfinning Guide It is likely that shark It is highly likely that There is a high degree of post finning is not taking place. shark finning is not taking certainty that shark place. finning is not taking place. Met? Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Justifi Not relevant. cation e Review of alternative measures Guide There is a review of the There is a regular review There is a biennial post potential effectiveness of the potential review of the potential and practicality of effectiveness and effectiveness and alternative measures to practicality of alternative practicality of alternative minimize UoA-related measures to minimize measures to minimize mortality of unwanted UoA-related mortality of UoA-related mortality of catch of main primary unwanted catch of main unwanted catch of all species. primary species and they primary species, and they are implemented as are implemented, as appropriate. appropriate. Met? Y Y N Justifi “Unwanted catch ” shall be interpreted by the team as the part of the catch that a cation fisher did not intend to catch but could not avoid, and did not want or chose not to use. (SA3.1.6)... The primary species are managed by licences and a quota system; therefore these resources are used and commercialized although only represent a 5.4% of the total catches. The target species and the primary species are not regulated through minimum sizes. A closed season systems are applied for each resource in order to help the stocks to recover. In addition to their own annual biological closed season there is an extraordinary closed season during the month of September in the FR Page 128 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There is a strategy in place that is designed to maintain or to not hinder PI 2.1.2 rebuilding of primary species, and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. crustacean’s fisheries which coincides with the hake closure during the month of September. Also a regulation of dimensions and characteristics of fishing gear was applied. The information reffered are considered as alternative measures to minize the UoA related mortality of unwanted catches. In addition, there is a regular review of the potential effectiveness and practicality of those measures to minimize UoA-related mortality of unwanted catch of main primary species and they are implemented as appropriate. SG 60 and SG 80 are met. SG 100 is not meet because de review is not biennial. Queirolo et al, 2011. Species composition and bycatches of a new crustacean trawl in Chile Queirolo 2011. Alternative codends to reduce bycatch in Chilean crustacean trawl fisheries Zilleruelo, M. et al. 2016. Análisis composición de especies en las capturas con las distintas redes de pesca en la pesquería de crustáceos demersales (IFOP) IFOP. 2014. Informe final Programa de Seguimiento de las Pesquerías de Crustáceos Demersales 2014. References Ahumada Escobar, 2014. Mejoramiento de artes de pesca: el caso de las pesquerías de crustáceos demersales en Chile. Revista de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero. Nº25,75-81 Bustamante C & J Lamilla. 2006. Realidades en la pesquería de tiburones de la costa del Pacífico Latinoamericano. II Taller de Cooperación Internacional. Apéndices y Memorias. Universidad Austral de Chile. Valdivia. Acuña E, JC Villarroel & R Grau. 2002. Fauna íctica asociada a la pesquería de pez espada ( Xiphias gladius Linnaeus ). Gayana (Concepción) 66 (2):263-267. 85 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 129 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.1.3 – Primary species information (UoA1 Red squat lobster) Information on the nature and extent of primary species is adequate to PI 2.1.3 determine the risk posed by the UoA and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage primary species Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Information adequacy for assessment of impact on main species Guide Qualitative information is Some quantitative Quantitative information is post adequate to estimate the information is available available and is adequate impact of the UoA on the and is adequate to to assess with a high main primary species with assess the impact of the degree of certainty the respect to status. UoA on the main primary impact of the UoA on species with respect to main primary species with status. respect to status. Met? Y Y N (All main elements) Justifi IFOP produces an annual monitoring report on demersal crustacean fisheries using cation data from the fishing logs collected by scientific observers on board commercial boats. With regard to target species interaction with by catch, the total catch of the haul is estimated based on the spread of the relative significance of the species present. Based on the data generated, the following indicators are used: a) Catch species proportion b) Bycatch species proportion c) The reason for by catch, compared to the target catch d) The frequency of species occurrence e) Total hake catch as by catch The quota system also provides quantitative catch data for by catch species. In April 2013, the SUBPESCA used Resolution No. 882 to establish the research programme into demersal crustaceans discards from the boats in the following fisheries: shrimp, II to VIII region; yellow squat lobster, III to IV region; red squat lobster, XV to IV region; yellow squat lobster, V to VIII region; and red squat lobster, V to VIII region. The research programme was to run for a minimum of two years and at least quantify the discards and the incidental catch, as well as determine the reasons and methods how it is undertaken. Within three years of running the research project, SUBPESCA should establish a Discard Reduction Plan for the target species, as well as bycatch and incidental catch species. This programme is still ongoing and the results will be available from next year onwards. The SG 60 and SG 80 is met because qualitative and some quantitative information provided by IFOP programs of Chilean Demersal crustacean fisheries is available and is adequate to estimate and to assess the impact of the UoA on the main primary species with respect to status. With the recent modifications in gear is necessary obtain more complete information on their performance and the impacts. The discards program is carry out and allow obtaining more information about bycatch. So, actually the available information is not adequate to assess with a high degree of certainty the impact of the UoA on main primary species with respect to status, therefore SG 100 is not met for any main species. b Information adequacy for assessment of impact on minor species Guide Some quantitative post information is adequate to estimate the impact of the UoA on minor primary species with respect to FR Page 130 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Information on the nature and extent of primary species is adequate to PI 2.1.3 determine the risk posed by the UoA and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage primary species status. Met? Y (All minor elements) Justifi The IFOP monitoring reports detail interactions with bycatch species and can be cation used to estimate the UoA’s impact on the minor primary species. According to the Subpesca report on the status of fisheries (2015), verified data is available to establish the nylon shrimp resource is fully exploited, with a biomass of 24% over the reference level, and it is not deemed at risk of overexploitation. (Figure 48 ) The yellow squat lobster is also a fully exploited resource with a spawning biomass ratio of 1.15 compared to the reference value and it is not at risk of overexploitation. (Figure 47 ) Both resources are included in the following research programmes: • IFOP demersal crustacean fisheries monitoring programme • IFOP-UCN direct evaluations • Incidental catch and discard research programme Available quantitative information is provided by IFOP programs of Chilean Demersal crustacean fisheries and is adequate to estimate the impact of the UoA on minor primary species with respect to status, therefore SG 100 is met. c Information adequacy for management strategy Guide Information is adequate to Information is adequate to Information is adequate to post support measures to support a partial strategy support a strategy to manage main primary to manage main Primary manage all primary species. species. species, and evaluate with a high degree of certainty whether the strategy is achieving its objective. Met? Y Y N (All elements) Justifi There are annual evaluation and monitoring programmes of demersal crustaceans cation to obtain direct and indirect evaluations. Bycatch landing data is taken into account when assigning the quotas for the fleet for the next fishing year. This means the quotas are catch-regulated. In the future, data from the discards project will be used to evaluate whether the strategy is achieving its objective with a high degree of certainty. In addition, the ongoing evaluation of the modifications to the fishing method will enable improvements to aspects involving incidental catches, which forms part of the strategy. For all the scoring elements SG 60 and SG80 are met because the information provided by direct and indirect assessments and the quota of main primary species is adequate to support measures as part of the partial strategy to manage them. But this information is not adequate to support a strategy to manage all primary species, and evaluate with a high degree of certainty . The recent gear modifications and the implementation of discards program are expected to cover these gaps and offer significant information to achieve the objectives. SG 100 is not met . FR Page 131 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Information on the nature and extent of primary species is adequate to PI 2.1.3 determine the risk posed by the UoA and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage primary species References Informe final Programa de Seguimiento de las Pesquerías de Crustáceos Demersales 2014 IFOP OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 85 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 132 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.1.1 – Primary species outcome (UoA2: Yellow squat lobster) The UoA aims to maintain primary species above the PRI and does not hinder PI 2.1.1 recovery of primary species if they are below the PRI. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Main primary species stock status Guide Main primary species are Main primary species are There is a high degree of post likely to be above the PRI highly likely to be above certainty that main the PRI primary species are above the PRI and are OR fluctuating around a level OR consistent with MSY. If the species is below the PRI, the UoA has If the species is below the measures in place that PRI, there is either are expected to ensure evidence of recovery or that the UoA does not a demonstrably effective hinder recovery and strategy in place between rebuilding. all MSC UoAs which categorise this species as main , to ensure that they collectively do not hinder recovery and rebuilding. Met? Y Y N Justifi Primary species are of commercial value to either the UoA or fisheries outside the cation UoA, with management tools controlling exploitation as well as known reference points in place. In addition, the institution or arrangement that manages fisheries on the species (or its local stock, see below) will usually have some overlap in jurisdiction with the fishery in the UoA. Hake fishery is managed based on reference points and its catches represents 1.4% of the total catch in this fishery (IFOP, 2014). However, hake stock is depleted (Subpesca, 2015), so based on GSA3.4.2 the CAB has considered as Primary main. Hake stock is depleted based on assessments carried out by IFOP; the CCT concurred that SB Acording to MSC requirements the cumulative impacts of other UoCs with the same main species need to be harmonised (GPB3). In the UoC of the “Chile squat lobsters and nylon shrimp modified trawl fishery” prepared for “La Asociación de Armadores e Industriales Pesqueros de la IV Región - AIP) the retained species considered main are hake and red squat lobster. Hake is considered main because it is a vulnerable species and the red squat lobster has a catch share >5%. In this UoC under evaluation the CAB considered that the status of the stocks (depleted) justify considering hake as main. The contribution of hake in the total catch is considering marginal and the quota and clousure systems are part of a demonstrably effective strategy in place (see PI 2.1.2 for details on the set of measures in place) to ensure that the fishery do not hinder recovery and rebuilding. Therefore, SG60 and SG80 are met . SG100 is not met since hake stock is below FR Page 133 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA aims to maintain primary species above the PRI and does not hinder PI 2.1.1 recovery of primary species if they are below the PRI. the PRI. b Minor primary species stock status Guide Minor Primary species are post highly likely to be above the PRI Or If below the PRI, there is evidence that the UoA does not hinder the recovery and rebuilding of minor primary species Met? Y Justifi The nylon shrimp is considered a Primary minor species given it is managed using cation reference points , but it represents < 2% of catches by weight. It is currently fully exploited, but not below the PRI (Figure 48 ). The biological and fishery indicators (biomass and fishing mortality) used in the evaluation mean the resource is not considered at risk of overexploitation and overfishing (Subpesca, 2015). Red squat lobster is managed based on reference points and represents 2.4% of the total catch (IFOP, 2014); therefore it is considered Primary minor. The estimated biomass is well above the biomass limit reference point of 20% of B 0, and the estimated fishing mortality has been below the Fmsy proxy in the last few years. Estimates of recruitment from the stock assessment model for the southern fisheries for red squat lobster show no sign of recruitment impairment (see table of PI 1.1.1). The most recent stock assessments (Bucarey et al., 2015a, 2015b) state that the probability of the current biomass being below B lim is <0.01, and therefore it can be concluded that there is a high degree of certainty that the stock is above the point at which recruitment would be impaired (Figure 49 ). Figure 49 Phase-diagram of the Red Squat Lobster exploitation (Overexploited). Source: SUBPESCA, 2015. Both minor Primary species are highly likely to be above the PRI, therefore SG FR Page 134 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA aims to maintain primary species above the PRI and does not hinder PI 2.1.1 recovery of primary species if they are below the PRI. 100 is met. http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/w3-article-832.html http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/w3-article-79859.html References Bucarey et al., 2015a, Bucarey et al , 2015b IFOP. 2014. Informe final Programa de Seguimiento de las Pesquerías de Crustáceos Demersales 2014 Subpesca. 2015. Estado de Situación de las Principales Pesquerías Chilenas, Año 2015. Element 1: Hake 80 Element 2: Red squat lobster 100 Element 3: Nylon shrimp 100 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 95 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 135 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.1.2 – Primary species management strategy (UoA 2 Yellow squat lobster) There is a strategy in place that is designed to maintain or to not hinder PI 2.1.2 rebuilding of primary species, and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Management strategy in place Guide There are measures in There is a partial There is a strategy in post place for the UoA, if strategy in place for the place for the UoA for necessary, that are UoA, if necessary, that is managing main and minor expected to maintain or to expected to maintain or to primary species. not hinder rebuilding of not hinder rebuilding of the main primary species the main primary species at/to levels which are at/to levels which are likely to above the point highly likely to be above where recruitment would the point where be impaired. recruitment would be impaired. Met? Y Y Y (Hake) N (all minor elements) Justifi The following three lines of action are used to manage demersal crustacean cation fisheries and bycatch species: 1) fishing method modification. 2) closed areas/seasons, 3) compulsory bycatch species catch quotas (hake, red squat lobster, and nylon shrimp). In addition the monitoring provides information (direct and indirect assessments). SUBPESCA developed a process with the ultimate aim of improving the fishing method used for catching demersal crustaceans. This involved the FIPA financing four projects over an eight-year period. The changes were established through R.E. 762 of 2013, which included the regulation of the net mesh size, the length of standards and sweep wires, lateral support ropes made of synthetic material, square mesh escape windows, and regulation of the support net mesh size under the codend. With the bycatch separator device (in the specific case of nylon shrimp, prawn, yellow squat lobster, and red squat lobster fishing), the nets should include a square mesh escape panel with a minimum clear area of 70 mm or 35 mm bar internal length. The square mesh panel should cover at least the equivalent of 25% of the length of the tunnel and codend, whilst its width should cover the upper panel of the respective section. The trawl net ’s tunnel and codend should be made of net panels of at least 60mm in size. Closed season systems are also applied for each resource in order to help the stocks to recover. There is an annual biological closed season for hake fishing during the month of September. In the case of the red squat lobster, there is a biological closed season from 1st January to 28th February. For the nylon shrimp their biological closed season is from 1st July to 31th August. Both primary minor species also have an extraordinary closed season during the month of September wich coincides with the hake closure. In addition, catches from the fleet being evaluated must be counted on unloading and the quota obtained for each landed species. This quota is restricted by licence, a measure that also helps the stock to recover. FR Page 136 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There is a strategy in place that is designed to maintain or to not hinder PI 2.1.2 rebuilding of primary species, and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. SG 60 and SG 80 are met for the primary main specie (hake) because there are several measures in place for the UoA, wich are part of a partial strategy that is expected to maintain or to not hinder rebuilding of the main primary species at/to levels which are highly likely to be above the point where recruitment would be impaired. The trawl modification was mainly oriented to reduce the bycatch of hake, but the gears don’t have the capacity to avoid the capture of other crustacean species. Then, there is not a strategy in place for the UoA for managing all primary species except for the hake who meet SG 100 . b Management strategy evaluation Guide The measures are There is some objective Testing supports high post considered likely to work, basis for confidence confidence that the based on plausible that the measures/partial partial strategy/strategy argument (e.g., general strategy will work, based will work, based on experience, theory or on some information information directly about comparison with similar directly about the fishery the fishery and/or species fisheries/species). and/or species involved. involved. Met? Y Y N (All main and minor elements) Justifi Subpesca funded a range of periodic research projects aimed at characterising the cation fisheries from a technological and bycatch perspective, as well as evaluating different catch selection options with the aim of minimising the side effects of the activity. The technological innovation process in the fishing nets began in 2001 with a study aimed at both characterising the base line in technological and catch terms, as well as testing bycatch reduction devices (BRD) in the nets used by the fleet. The results obtained with the new fishing net indicate it is possible to improve catch selection processes for demersal crustacean fisheries (mainly in the H. reedi and C. johni fisheries). Reductions in M. gayi catches were achieved through the shortening of the bridles and sweeps at the front of the trawl net, but no significant differences were found for other species, however. Both the closed season and quota systems form part of what is considered a functional strategy based on the direct data from the fishery. The yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster are very similar, and are caught using the same net, meaning it is unlikely the net will be able to exclude one of these species when it is not the target species. The fishery has measures that are considered likely to work, so SG 60 is met. The SG 80 is met because there is some objective basis for confidence by the information collected as part of the research for gear change. Experimental trawls were tested by the crustacean trawl fisheries sector of Chile and the result shown that of the most frequent species that constitute the bycatch, only M. gayi showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in average catch rates by weight among years (Queirolo et al, 2011). But the IFOP (2014, 2016) not find significant differences with the information obtained by tested the new gears directly in the fishery, thus SG 100 is not met because the results do not provide high FR Page 137 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There is a strategy in place that is designed to maintain or to not hinder PI 2.1.2 rebuilding of primary species, and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. confidence that the partial strategy/strategy will work. c Management strategy implementation Guide There is some evidence There is clear evidence post that the measures/partial that the partial strategy is being strategy/strategy is being implemented implemented successfully successfully . and is achieving its overall objective as set out in scoring issue (a). Met? Y N (All main and minor elements) Justifi The new crustaceans fishing net is now in use in normal boat operations and cation personnel have been trained on its preparation for use. The currently available data doesn ’t provide coverage for the entire fleet and the recent implementation should be evaluated annually. In addition, these partial results currently show positive changes using the new net, but they don ’t apply to all species caught as bycatch. The fact the closed season and catch quota systems are well implemented and form part of this partial strategy should also be considered. In November 2014 the fishery starts to use the gears with all the modifications established (IFOP, 2015). This represents some evidence that the measures/partial strategy is being implemented successfully and SG 80 is met. But, there is not clear evidence that the partial strategy is being implemented successfully and no results show that the implementation is achieve the overall objectives, therefore SG 100 is not met. d Sharkfinning Guide It is likely that shark It is highly likely that There is a high degree of post finning is not taking place. shark finning is not taking certainty that shark place. finning is not taking place. Met? Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Justifi Not relevant. cation e Review of alternative measures Guide There is a review of the There is a regular review There is a biennial post potential effectiveness of the potential review of the potential and practicality of effectiveness and effectiveness and alternative measures to practicality of alternative practicality of alternative minimize UoA-related measures to minimize measures to minimize mortality of unwanted UoA-related mortality of UoA-related mortality of catch of main primary unwanted catch of main unwanted catch of all species. primary species and they primary species, and they are implemented as are implemented, as appropriate. appropriate. Met? Y Y N Justifi “Unwanted catch” shall be interpreted by the team as the part of the catch that a cation fisher did not intend to catch but could not avoid, and did not want or chose not to use. (SA3.1.6)... FR Page 138 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There is a strategy in place that is designed to maintain or to not hinder PI 2.1.2 rebuilding of primary species, and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. The primary species are managed by licences and a quota system; therefore these resources are used and commercialized although only represent a 5.4% of the total catches. The target species and the primary species are not regulated through minimum sizes. A closed season systems are applied for each resource in order to help the stocks to recover. In addition to their own annual biological closed season there is an extraordinary closed season during the month of September in the crustacean’s fisheries which coincides with the hake closure during the month of September. Also a regulation of dimensions and characteristics of fishing gear was applied. The information reffered are considered as alternative measures to minize the UoA related mortality of unwanted catches. In addition, there is a regular review of the potential effectiveness and practicality of those measures to minimize UoA- related mortality of unwanted catch of main primary species and they are implemented as appropriate. SG 60 and SG 80 are met. SG 100 is not meet because de review is not biennial. Queirolo et al, 2011. Species composition and bycatches of a new crustacean trawl in Chile Queirolo 2011. Alternative codends to reduce bycatch in Chilean crustacean trawl fisheries Zilleruelo, M. et al. 2016. Análisis composición de especies en las capturas con las distintas References redes de pesca en la pesquería de crustáceos demersales (IFOP) Informe final Programa de Seguimiento de las Pesquerías de Crustáceos Demersales 2014 IFOP Ahumada Escobar, 2014. Mejoramiento de artes de pesca: el caso de las pesquerías de crustáceos demersales en Chile. Revista de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero. Nº25,75-81 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 85 CON DITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 139 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.1.3 – Primary species information (UoA 2: Yellow squat lobster) Information on the nature and extent of primary species is adequate to PI 2.1.3 determine the risk posed by the UoA and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage primary species Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Information adequacy for assessment of impact on main species Guide Qualitative information is Some quantitative Quantitative information is post adequate to estimate the information is available available and is adequate impact of the UoA on the and is adequate to to assess with a high main primary species with assess the impact of the degree of certainty the respect to status. UoA on the main primary impact of the UoA on species with respect to main primary species with status. respect to status. Met? Y Y N Justifi IFOP produces an annual monitoring report on demersal crustacean fisheries using cation data from the fishing logs collected by scientific observers on board commercial boats. With regard to target species interaction with by catch, the total catch of the haul is estimated based on the spread of the relative significance of the species present. Based on the data generated, the following indicators are used: a) Catch species proportion b) Bycatch species proportion c) The reason for by catch, compared to the target catch d) The frequency of species occurrence e) Total hake catch as by catch The quota system also provides quantitative catch data for by catch species. In April 2013, SUBPESCA used Resolution No. 882 to establish the research programme into demersal crustaceans discards from the boats in the following fisheries: shrimp, II to VIII region; yellow squat lobster, III to IV region; red squat lobster, XV to IV region; yellow squat lobster, V to VIII region; and red squat lobster, V to VIII region. The research programme was to run for a minimum of two years and at least quantify the discards and the incidental catch, as well as determine the reasons and methods how it is undertaken. Within three years of running the research project, SUBPESCA should establish a Discard Reduction Plan for the target species, as well as bycatch and incidental catch species. This programme is still ongoing and the results will be available from next year onwards. The SG 60 and SG 80 is met because qualitative and some quantitative information provided by IFOP programs of Chilean Demersal crustacean fisheries is available and is adequate to estimate and to assess the impact of the UoA on the main primary species with respect to status. With the recent modifications in gear is necessary obtain more complete information on their performance and the impacts. The discards program is carry out and allow obtaining more information about bycatch. So, actually the available information is not adequate to assess with a high degree of certainty the impact of the UoA on main primary species with respect to status, therefore SG 100 is not met. b Information adequacy for assessment of impact on minor species Guide Some quantitative post information is adequate to estimate the impact of the UoA on minor primary species with respect to FR Page 140 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Information on the nature and extent of primary species is adequate to PI 2.1.3 determine the risk posed by the UoA and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage primary species status. Met? Y (All minor Elements) Justifi The IFOP monitoring reports detail interactions with bycatch species and can be cation used to estimate the UoA ’s impact on the minor primary species. According to the Subpesca report on the status of fisheries (2015), verified data is available to establish the nylon shrimp resource is fully exploited, with a biomass of 24% over the reference level, and it is not deemed at risk of overexploitation. This resource is included in the following research programmes: • IFOP demersal crustacean fisheries monitoring programme • IFOP-UCN direct nylon shrimp evaluation • Incidental catch and discard research programme Available quantitative information is provided by IFOP programs of Chilean Demersal crustacean fisheries and is adequate to estimate the impact of the UoA on minor primary species with respect to status, therefore SG 100 is met. c Information adequacy for management strategy Guide Information is adequate to Information is adequate to Information is adequate to post support measures to support a partial strategy support a strategy to manage main primary to manage main Primary manage all primary species. species. species, and evaluate with a high degree of certainty whether the strategy is achieving its objective. Met? Y Y N (all minor and main elements) Justifi There are annual evaluation and monitoring programmes of demersal crustaceans cation to obtain direct and indirect evaluations. Bycatch landing data is taken into account when assigning the quotas for the fleet for the next fishing year. This means the quotas are catch-regulated. In the future, data from the discards project will be used to evaluate whether the strategy is achieving its objective with a high degree of certainty. In addition, the ongoing evaluation of the modifications to the fishing method will enable improvements to aspects involving incidental catches, which forms part of the strategy. SG 60 and SG80 are met because the information provided by direct and indirect assessments and the quota of main primary species is adequate to support measures as part of the partial strategy to manage them. But this information is adequate to support a strategy to manage the hake but not all primary species, and evaluate with a high degree of certainty . The recent gear modifications and the implementation of discards program are expected to cover these gaps and offer significant information to achieve the objectives. SG 100 is not met for all species. References Informe final Programa de Seguimiento de las Pesquerías de Crustáceos Demersales 2014 IFOP OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 85 CON DITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 141 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.2.1 – Secondary species outcome (Both UoAs) The UoA aims to maintain secondary species above a biological based limit PI 2.2.1 and does not hinder recovery of secondary species if they are below a biological based limit. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Main secondary species stock status Guide Main Secondary species Main secondary species There is a high degree of post are likely to be within are highly likely to be certainty that main biologically based limits. above biologically based secondary species are limits within biologically based limits. OR OR If below biologically based limits, there are measures If below biologically based in place expected to limits, there is either ensure that the UoA does evidence of recovery or not hinder recovery and a demonstrably rebuilding. effective partial strategy in place such that the UoA does not hinder recovery and rebuilding. AND Where catches of a main secondary species outside of biological limits are considerable, there is either evidence of recovery or a, demonstrably effective strategy in place between those MSC UoAs that also have considerable catches of the species, to ensure that they collectively do not hinder recovery and rebuilding. Met? Y Y Y Justifi The MSC FCR defines secondary species as species in the catch that are within cation the scope of the MSC program but are not covered under P1 because they are not included in the UoA; or species that are out of the scope of the program, but where the definition of ETP species is not applicable. The secondary species caught by the UoAs are listed in Table 21. According to IFOP no secondary species comprises 5% or more by weight of the UoA (or 2% in the case of less resilitent species, like sharks). Therefore, there are no main secondary species as defined by MSC FCR in SA 3.4.1, and all of them are classified as minor for the purpose of this assessment. As there is no particular impact on this particular component, SG100 is achieved by default, according to MSC FCR SA3.2.1. b Minor secondary species stock status Guide Minor secondary species post are highly likely to be FR Page 142 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA aims to maintain secondary species above a biological based limit PI 2.2.1 and does not hinder recovery of secondary species if they are below a biological based limit. above biologically based limits Or If below biologically based limits there is evidence that the UoA does not hinder the recovery and rebuilding of minor secondary species. Met? N Justifi The following are identified as secondary minor species for the red squat lobster cation fishery (UoC1): Bigeye flounder ( Hippoglossina macrops ) Aconcagua grenadier (Coelorhynchus Aconcagua) Chilean grenadier (Coelorhynchus chilensis) Black cusk eel (Genypterus maculatus) Red cusk eel (Genypterus chilensis) Granular dogfish (Centroscyllium granulatum) Hooktooth dogfish ( Aculeola nigra ) Birdbeak dogfish ( Deania calcea ) Armed Box crab (Mursia gaudichaudi) Chilean Lemon crab ( Cancer porteri ) Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) Gould octopus (Octopus mimus) The bigeye flounder represents 1.1% of the catch by weight of the red squat lobster fishery, with the other eleven species adding up to 0.9% (IFOP 2015). The following are identified as secondary minor species for the yellow squat lobster fishery (UoC2): Bigeye flounder ( Hippoglossina macrops ) Aconcagua grenadier ( Coelorhynchus Aconcagua ) Chilean grenadier ( Coelorhynchus chilensis ) Granular dogfish ( Centroscyllium granulatum ) Hooktooth dogfish ( Aculeola nigra ) Armed Box crab ( Mursia gaudichaudi ) Chilean Lemon crab ( Cancer porteri ) Humboldt squid ( Dosidicus gigas ) The bigeye flounder represents 1.4% of the catch by weight of the yellow squat lobster fishery, with the other seven species adding up to 0.3% (IFOP 2015). The information about the minor secondary species is provided by IFOP reports, FR Page 143 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA aims to maintain secondary species above a biological based limit PI 2.2.1 and does not hinder recovery of secondary species if they are below a biological based limit. but is only about their relative representation in the catch composition. None of these species are evaluated or regulated by quota systems. There is not enough information to know whether the interaction with the fleet, despite being minimal, is affecting these species. Under this uncertainty and following a precautionary approach, the CAB considered that SG 100 is not met. References IFOP. 2014. Informe final Programa de Seguimiento de las Pesquerías de Crustáceos Demersales 2014. OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 90 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 144 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.2.2 – Secondary species management strategy (Both UoAs) There is a strategy in place for managing secondary species that is designed PI 2.2.2 to maintain or to not hinder rebuilding of secondary species and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Management strategy in place Guide There are measures in There is a partial There is a strategy in post place, if necessary, which strategy in place, if place for the UoA for are expected to maintain necessary, for the UoA managing main and minor or not hinder rebuilding of that is expected to secondary species. main secondary species maintain or not hinder at/to levels which are rebuilding of main highly likely to be within secondary species at/to biologically based limits or levels which are highly to ensure that the UoA likely to be within does not hinder their biologically based limits or recovery. to ensure that the UoA does not hinder their recovery. Met? Y Y N Justifi The management is considered a partial strategy because it includes one or more cation measures, (modifications of fishing gear, clousures and a quota system) a aim (catch reduction) and monitoring that provides information (direct and indirect assessments) This is part of a set of actions that have not been designed to manage the impact on a specific component. In the near future the results of Discards project will provide more information to know the status of the species of incidental captures. SG 60 and SG 80 is met because there are no secondary main species. SG100 is not met because the strategy is not focused on managing all species (main and minor). b Management strategy evaluation Guide The measures are There is some objective Testing supports high post considered likely to work, basis for confidence confidence that the based on plausible that the measures/partial partial strategy/strategy argument (e.g. general strategy will work, based will work, based on experience, theory or on some information information directly about comparison with similar directly about the UoA the UoA and/or species UoAs/species). and/or species involved. involved. Met? Y Y N Justifi Both the IFOP demersal crustaceans monitoring programme reports and the range cation of works undertaken within the research projects framework (Queirolo et al 2011, Cepeda 2015) agree that the species identified as Secondary Minor in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries represent less than 1% of the catches by weight. As such, there is an objective basis for the confidence that the measures/partial strategy will work, based on the direct data about the UoA or involved species. SG 60 and SG 80 are met because the catch percentages of the majority of secondary species are below than 1% so, there is some objective basis for FR Page 145 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There is a strategy in place for managing secondary species that is designed PI 2.2.2 to maintain or to not hinder rebuilding of secondary species and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. confidence that the measures/partial strategy will work, based on some information directly about the fishery and/or species involved but there has been no testing of the partial strategy to support with high confidence that the partial strategy will work. SG 100 is not met. c Management strategy implementation Guide There is some evidence There is clear evidence post that the measures/partial that the partial strategy is being strategy/strategy is being implemented implemented successfully successfully . and is achieving its objective as set out in scoring issue (a). Met? Y N Justifi The strategy devised to manage both the yellow and red squat lobster fisheries and cation their bycatches are based on three lines of action, which include a system of biological closed seasons and a system of catch quotas established for the target species, and which cover species considered as primary species. In the case of those considered secondary species, these two measures do not apply given they are not affected by any management measure. When it comes to the third line of action, net modifications, it is conceived as an overall measure to reduce bycatch. As was previously mentioned, the currently available data doesn ’t provide coverage for the entire fleet and the recent implementation should be evaluated annually. And the partial results consider all caught species as bycatch. In November 2014 the fishery starts to use the gears with all the modifications established (IFOP, 2015). This represents some evidence that the measures/partial strategy is being implemented successfully and SG 80 is met. But, there is not clear evidence that the partial strategy is being implemented successfully and no results show that the implementation is achieving the overall objectives, therefore SG 100 is not met. d Sharkfinning Guide It is likely that shark It is highly likely that There is a high degree of post finning is not taking place. shark finning is not taking certainty that shark place. finning is not taking place. Met? Y Y Y Justifi MSC defined shark finning as the practice of removing any of the fins of a shark cation (including the tail) while at sea and discarding the remainder of the shark at sea . Since 2011 the Law 20525 prohibits shark finning practices and establish that sharks must be landed with fins naturally attached to their bodies without any processing on board. The bycatch of sharks and finning practices in Chilean fisheries mainly involves the artisanal fishing sector and the industrial tuna and swordfish fisheries (Acuña, 2002; Bustamante C & J Lamilla. 2006). To monitor the shark finning Sernapesca develop a cooperation plan with the Chilean Navy, through annual joint monitoring. On the other hand, IFOP reports indicated that the species of sharks captured in demersal crustacean fisheries represents less than 1% of the total catches and don’t reveal evidence of shark finning practices in these fleets. (IFOP, 2014). According to SA2.4.5 there are regulations in place governing the management of sharks and the IFOP observers program reports offer an external validation of the FR Page 146 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There is a strategy in place for managing secondary species that is designed PI 2.2.2 to maintain or to not hinder rebuilding of secondary species and the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of unwanted catch. under assessment vessel’s activities to confirm that it is likely that shark finning is not tak ing place. So, SG 60 and SG 80 is met. Actually all the records of finning incidence registred by Sernapesca are related to artisanal fisheries. We can conclude that there is a high degree of certainty that shark finning is not taking place in the crustacean demersal fisheries and SG 100 is met. e Review of alternative measures to minimise mortality of unwanted catch Justifi There is a review of the There is a regular review There is a biennial cation potential effectiveness of the potential review of the potential and practicality of effectiveness and effectiveness and alternative measures to practicality of alternative practicality of alternative minimise UoA-related measures to measures to mortality of unwanted minimiseUoA-related minimiseUoA-related catch of main secondary mortality of unwanted mortality of unwanted species. catch of main secondary catch of all secondary species and they are species, and they are implemented as implemented, as appropriate. appropriate. Met? Y Y N Guide “Unwanted catch” shall be interpreted by the team as the part of the catch that a post fisher did not intend to catch but could not avoid, and did not want or chose not to use. (SA3.1.6). There are no main secondary species in the fishery underassessment. However the team considers that the following alternative measures: closed season systems for specific species, extraordinary annual closed season during the month of September in the crustacean’s fisheries and the regulation of dimensions and characteristics of fishing gear minimised the UoA related mortality of unwanted catches. In addition, there is a regular review of the potential effectiveness and practicality of those measures to minimize UoA-related mortality of unwanted catch and they are implemented as appropriate. SG 60 and SG 80 are met. SG 100 is not meet because de review is not biennial. References OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 85 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 147 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.2.3 – Secondary species information (Both UoAs) Information on the nature and amount of secondary species taken is PI 2.2.3 adequate to determine the risk posed by the UoA and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage secondary species. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Information adequacy for assessment of impacts on main secondary species Guide Qualitative information is Some quantitative Quantitative information is post adequate to estimate the information is available available and adequate impact of the UoA on the and adequate to assess to assess with a high main secondary species the impact of the UoA on degree of certainty the with respect to status. main secondary species impact of the UoA on with respect to status. main secondary species with respect to status. Met? Y Y N Justifi IFOP annually carry out a direct assessment in crustaceans demersal fisheries by a cation research vessel. It also performs an indirect evaluation incorporating information from the commercial fleet (landings, yields (CPUE), sizes and life parameters, etc). For the composition of the accompanying fauna associated with catches of target species estimates of the total catch of the haul was made from the expansion of the relative importance of the species present in a sample taken and analyzed by the scientific observer of the vessel. There were no identified secondary main species in accordance with the qualitative and quantitative information available and provided by IFOP and Camanchaca. This information is adequate to estimate and to assess the impact of the UoA. Thus, SG 60 and SG 80 are met. The recent changes on gears do not allow to ensure that the quantitative information is available and adequate to assess with a high degree of certainty the impact of the UoA on main secondary species with respect to status. SG 100 is not met. b Information adequacy for assessment of impacts on minor secondary species Guide Some quantitative post information is adequate to estimate the impact of the UoA on minor secondary species with respect to status. Met? N Justifi The information provided by IFOP reports and studies about by catch composition cation denote that the relative importance of secondary minor species in the fisheries is very low (< 1%). As mentioned above the recent gear modifications do not allows to ensure that some quantitative information is adequate to estimate the impact of the UoA on minor secondary species with respect to status. Therefore SG 100 is not met. c Information adequacy for management strategy Guide Information is adequate to Information is adequate to Information is adequate to post support measures to support a partial strategy support a strategy to manage main secondary to manage main manage all secondary species. secondary species. species, and evaluate with a high degree of certainty whether the strategy is achieving its objective . Met? Y Y N FR Page 148 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Information on the nature and amount of secondary species taken is PI 2.2.3 adequate to determine the risk posed by the UoA and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage secondary species. Justifi There are annual evaluation and monitoring programmes of demersal crustaceans cation to obtain direct and indirect evaluations. Bycatch landing data is taken into account when assigning the quotas for the fleet for the next fishing year. This means the quotas are catch-regulated. In the future, data from the discards project will be used to evaluate whether the strategy is achieving its objective with a high degree of certainty. In addition, the ongoing evaluation of the modifications to the fishing method will enable improvements to aspects involving incidental catches, which forms part of the strategy. SG 60 and SG80 are met because the information provided by IFOP reports of secondary species is adequate to support measures as part of the partial strategy to manage them. The recent gear modifications and the implementation of discards program are expected to cover these gaps and offer significant information to achieve the objectives. SG 100 is not met References OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 80 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 149 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.3.1 – ETP species outcome (Both UoAs) The UoA meets national and international requirements for the protection of PI 2.3.1 ETP species The UoA does not hinder recovery of ETP species Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Effects of the UoA on population/stock within national or international limits, where applicable Guide Where national and/or Where national and/or Where national and/or post international requirements international requirements international requirements set limits for ETP species, set limits for ETP species, set limits for ETP species, the effects of the UoA on the combined effects of there is a high degree of the population/stock are the MSC UoAs on the certainty that the known and likely to be population/stock are combined effects of the within these limits. known and highly likely MSC UoAs are within to be within these limits. these limits. Met? Y Y N Justifi Hunting and capture of marine mammals (whales, sperm whales, killer whales, cation dolphins, sea lions, seals and otters), turtles and penguins is regulated by the General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture and ban killing, hunting, pursuing, having, possessing, transporting, landing, slaughtering or carrying any species of cetacean within Chilean waters (Law No20.293). The law establishes regulations for protection, rescue, rehabilitation, reinsertion, observation and monitoring of marine mammals, reptiles and birds. The rest of seabirds are regulated by the Law on Hunting Nº19.473. The species that are recognized by national ETP legislation and listed in the Appendix 1 of CITES are included in Table 17. Most of main coral taxa are distributed in southern regions close to the demersal crustacean fishery fishing areas. The project, FIP No. 2005-61 “Characterisation of the Sea Floor between III and X Regions” included a survey during industrial trawling operations targeting demersal crustaceans and Chilean hake. The study indicate that some species was disturbed by the trawl gear but not always retained. Also suggest that the low richness of coral species in relation to previous studies maybe is a result of successional changes or recolonization due to mechanics disturbances on the seafloor . Therefore, there are a potential for unobserved mortality on coral species. There is not recorded interactions of the ETP species with the Chilean demersal crustacean fisheries. Therefore SG 60 and SG 80 are met because the effects of the UoA on the population/stock are highly likely to be within the limits set by national and/or international requirements. Some studies advise for some possible impact on corals by the trawl fleet, thus there is not a high degree of certainty that the combined effects of the MSC UoAs are within these limits and SG 100 is not met. b Direct effects Guide Known direct effects of Known direct effects of There is a high degree of post the UoA are likely to not the UoA are highly likely confidence that there are hinder recovery of ETP to not hinder recovery of no significant detrimental species. ETP species. direct effects of the UoA on ETP species. FR Page 150 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA meets national and international requirements for the protection of PI 2.3.1 ETP species The UoA does not hinder recovery of ETP species Met? Y Y N Justifi The results of both the evaluations and scientific campaigns show there aren ’t any cation interactions with ETP species. No interactions with seabirds, turtles, or marine mammals have been recorded. SG 60 and SG 80 are met because no recorded interactions with ETP species allows to believe that the direct effects of the UoA are highly likely to not hinder their recovery. As cited above, some impact on corals do not allow to ensure with a high degree of confidence that there are no significant detrimental direct effects of the UoA on ETP species. Thus SG 100 is not met. c Indirect effects Guide Indirect effects have been There is a high degree of post considered and are confidence that there are thought to be highly no significant detrimental likely to not create indirect effects of the unacceptable impacts. fishery on ETP species. Met? Y Y Justifi The possible indirect impacts considered are the loss of gear or a food web cation modification but both are thought to be highly likely to not create unacceptable impacts. There are no potential detrimental indirect effects from impacts on food sources for corals that can be cited. Thus, there is high degree of confidence that there are no significant detrimental indirect effects of the fisheries and SG80 and SG100 SIc are met. Informe Técnico (SAP) N°140 Listado de Fauna Acompañante de Pesquerías sometidas a LTP, conforme L.G.P.A. References Queirolo et al, 2011. Species composition and bycatches of a new crustacean trawl in Chile. OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 85 CONDITION NUMBER (if relev ant): NA FR Page 151 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.3.2 – ETP species management strategy The UoA has in place precautionary management strategies designed to: • meet national and international requirements; • ensure the UoA does not hinder recovery of ETP species. PI 2.3.2 Also, the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of ETP species. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Management strategy in place (national and international requirements) Guide There are measure s in There is a strategy in There is a post place that minimise the place for managing the comprehensive strategy UoA-related mortality of UoA’s impact on ETP in place for managing the ETP species, and are species, including UoA’s impact on ETP expected to be highly measures to minimise species, including likely to achieve national mortality, which is measures to minimise and international designed to be highly mortality, which is requirements for the likely to achieve national designed to achieve protection of ETP and international above national and species. requirements for the international requirements protection of ETP for the protection of ETP species. species. Met? Y Y Y Justifi Chile has signed up to several international conventions: cation CITES Appendix II including corals, marine birds, mammals, sharks and turtles CCAS Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research CCAMLR Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources CMS Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention). The national laws (No20.293, and Nº19.473) establishes regulations for protection of marine mammals, turtles and birds within Chilean waters . In addition, since the Discard regulation program was established in 2013 the ship's log include a especial section to record marine birds, mammals and turtles in the catch composition. Both the National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Protection of Sea Turtles and the Plan of Action for the Conservation of Marine Mammals in the South East Pacific are currently being developed. Additionally, Chile has a National Plan of Action for the conservation and managements of chondrichthyes is developing and through the Regional Plan of Action for the Conservation of Sharks, Rays and Chimeras in the South East Pacific, which unite the national plans of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile with the aim of harmonising and jointly proposing fishery management actions among bordering countries or common species. SG 60, SG 80 and SG 100 are met because the development of National Plans and the adoption of international agreements are part of a comprehensive strategy in place including measures to minimise mortality, which is designed to achieve above national and international requirements for the protection of ETP species. b Management strategy in place (alternative) Guide There are measures in There is a strategy in There is a FR Page 152 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA has in place precautionary management strategies designed to: • meet national and international requirements; • ensure the UoA does not hinder recovery of ETP species. PI 2.3.2 Also, the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of ETP species. post place that are expected to place that is expected to comprehensive strategy ensure the UoA does not ensure the UoA does not in place for managing hinder the recovery of hinder the recovery of ETP species, to ensure ETP species. ETP species. the UoA does not hinder the recovery of ETP species Met? Not relevant Not relevant Not relevant Justifi According to SA3.11.2.1 where there are requirements for protection and rebuilding cation provided through national ETP legislation or international agreements, the team shall score scoring issue a. c Management strategy evaluation Guide The measures are There is an objective The post considered likely to basis for confidence strategy/comprehensive work, based on plausible that the strategy is mainly based argument (e.g. , general measures/strategy will on information directly experience, theory or work, based on about the fishery and/or comparison with similar information directly species involved, and a fisheries/species). about the fishery and/or quantitative analysis the species involved. supports high confidence that the strategy will work. Met? Y Y N Justifi As mentioned above there are measures being carried out and while management cation plans are under development are based on information coming from fisheries and discards project.SG 60 and SG 80 are met because the lack of interactions between ETP species and the information available provide an objective basis for confidence that the measures/strategy will work. SG 100 is not met because there is not a quantitative analysis that supports high confidence that the strategy will work. d Management strategy implementation Guide There is some evidence There is clear evidence post that the that the measures/strategy is strategy/comprehensive being implemented strategy is being successfully. implemented successfully and is achieving its objective as set out in scoring issue (a) or (b). Met? Y N Justifi SG 80 is met because although no interactions with ETP species are recorded, cation some activities are development as part of the requirements of national or international agreements and the information provided by IFOP reports is considered as some evidence that the measures/strategy is being implemented successfully. The Implement logbog since 2013 with specific information of eventually captures of marine mammals, turtles and birds will provide more information to allow better assessments in the future. SG 100 is not met because is needed more information about the status of some FR Page 153 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA has in place precautionary management strategies designed to: • meet national and international requirements; • ensure the UoA does not hinder recovery of ETP species. PI 2.3.2 Also, the UoA regularly reviews and implements measures, as appropriate, to minimise the mortality of ETP species. species to achieve the proposed objectives. There is not clear evidence that the comprehensive strategy is being implemented successfully and is achieving its objective as set out in scoring issue (a) or (b). e Review of alternative measures to minimize mortality of ETP species Guide There is a review of the There is a regular review There is a biennial post potential effectiveness of the potential review of the potential and practicality of effectiveness and effectiveness and alternative measures to practicality of alternative practicality of alternative minimiseUoA-related measures to measures to mortality of ETP species. minimiseUoA-related minimiseUoA-related mortality of ETP species mortality ETP species, and they are implemented and they are as appropriate. implemented, as appropriate. Met? Y Y N Justifi Different working groups are currently developing the National Plan of Action for cation the Conservation and Protection of Sea Turtles and the Plan of Action for the Conservation of Marine Mammals in the South East Pacific. In relation to the corals some modifications have been made to the fishing gear to minimize the impact on the seabed, which includes changing the weight of the boron line, reducing the contact of the gates with the sea floor, and changing the troll rolls by chains which reduces the contact with the bottom (Subpesca, 2012). The details of the gear and the modification were explained in Section 3.2. SG 60 and SG 80 are met because this group made a regular review of the potential effectiveness and practicality of alternative measures to minimise UoA- related mortality of ETP species. SG 100 is not met because some alternative measures to minimize UoA-related mortality ETP species are not implemented yet. Plan de Acción Regional para la Conservación de Tiburones, Rayas y Quimeras en el Pacífico Sudeste. 2° BORRADOR, 2008 ( http://docplayer.es/13845112-Plan-de-accion-regional-par-cpps-para-la- conservacion-de-tiburones-rayas-y-quimeras-en-el-pacifico-sudeste.html ) References http://www.subpesca.cl/prensa/601/w3-article-85238.html http://www.subpesca.cl/prensa/601/w3-article-93832.html Subpesca, 2012. Informe Técnico R.PESQ N°127/2012. Dimensiones y características de las reddes de arrastre utilizado en la pesquería de crustáceos demersales OVERALL PERFORMANC E INDICATOR SCORE: 85 CONDITION NUMBER (ifrelevant): NA FR Page 154 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.3.3 – ETP species information Relevant information is collected to support the management of UoA impacts on ETP species, including: • Information for the development of the management strategy; PI 2.3.3 • Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and • Information to determine the outcome status of ETP species. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Information adequacy for assessment of impacts Guid e Qualitative information is Some quantitative Quantitative information is post adequate to estimate the information is adequate available to assess with a UoA related mortality on to assess the UoA high degree of certainty ETP species. related mortality and the magnitude of UoA- impact and to determine related impacts, whether the UoA may be mortalities and a threat to protection and injuriesand recovery of the ETP theconsequences for species. the status of ETP species. Met? Y Y N Justifi IFOP annually carry out a direct assessment an indirect evaluation incorporating cation information from the commercial fleet through the observer program. The information about retained species is based on the fishing activity and therefore it is representative of the catch composition. Actually the specific information of ETP species also is recorded by the logbog implemented by discards project. The IFOP reports and studies development in research programs offer some qualitative and quantitative information about the catch composition that allows confirming there are no ETP species interactions with the fisheries and is adequate to assess the UoA related mortality and impact and to determine whether the UoA may be a threat to protection and recovery of the ETP species. More information s is needed in order to assess with a high degree of certainty the magnitude of UoA-related impacts, mortalities and injuries and the consequences for the status of ETP species. Thus, SG 100 is not met. b Information adequacy for management strategy Guide Information is adequate to Information is adequate to Information is adequate to post support measures to measure trends and support a manage the impacts on support a strategy to comprehensive strategy ETP species. manage impacts on ETP to manage impacts, species. minimize mortality and injury of ETP species, and evaluate with a high degree of certainty whether a strategy is achieving its objectives. Met? Y N N Justifi The measures that are part of strategy to manage impacts on ETP species are cation established in the National plans, international agreements and National laws. The information collected by IFOP is adequate to measure to manage impacts on ETP species. Thus SG 60 is met. The change of gear is the most important measure oriented to reduce the bycatch and avoid ETP species interaction. As the implementation was recently more information is needed to considering as adequate to measure trends and support a strategy to manage impacts on ETP species., So the SG 80 is not met. FR Page 155 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Relevant information is collected to support the management of UoA impacts on ETP species, including: • Information for the development of the management strategy; PI 2.3.3 • Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; and • Information to determine the outcome status of ETP species. References OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 70 3 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): (both UoAs) FR Page 156 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.4.1 – Habitats outcome The UoA does not cause serious or irreversible harm to habitat structure and PI 2.4.1 function, considered on the basis of the area(s) covered by the governance body(s) responsible for fisheries management. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Commonly encountered habitat status Guide The UoA is unlikely to The UoA is highly There is evidence that post reduce structure and unlikely to reduce the UoA is highly unlikely function of the commonly structure and function of to reduce structure and encountered habitats to a the commonly function of the commonly point where there would encountered habitats to a encountered habitats to a be serious or irreversible point where there would point where there would harm. be serious or irreversible be serious or irreversible harm. harm. Met? Y Y N Justifi A range of studies have been undertaken on the taxonomy, abundance, cation distribution, interspecific relationships (competition, predation), species- environment associations, and/or the biology of microorganisms (bacteria) and macroorganisms (phytoplankton, zooplankton, crustaceans, molluscs, polychaetes, fish, and marine mammals) that make up the benthic and demersal communities along Chile ’s coastal and oceanic waters. Another series of works arose out of fishery resource exploration works funded by the Production Promotion Corporation (CORFO) between 1965 and 1980. The idea behind the studies was to obtain data to establish the distribution and abundance of species along the coasts of Chile, mainly with the aim of supporting commercial extraction activities. The characterization of the seabed in the south regions has a distribution of soft and muddy bottoms covering a wide range of depths, and exposed to minimum oxygen between 50 and 450 m depth along the continental Pacific SE margin. The discovered outcropping methane area in front of El Quisco are one of the largest in terms of wildlife diversity and abundance of different benthic species, including some of commercial interest such as yellow squat lobster and nylon shrimp. It has been found that certain types of habitats, such as those associated with hard bottoms and particularly upwelling areas of methane are areas of greater diversity and abundance of wildlife, probably due to the spatial heterogeneity they generate and the local chemosynthetic primary production (Melo 2007, FIP No. 2005-61) These fiheries have a limited geographical area of action in accordance with the characteristics of the bottoms used for trawling, and they have used the same grounds since the start of the activity. The UoA is highly unlikely to reduce structure and function of the commonly encountered habitats to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm. Therefore SG 60 and SG 80 are met, but not SG 100 because there is not clear evidence of the possible impacts. b VME habitat status Guide The UoA is unlikely to The UoA is highly There is evidence that post reduce structure and unlikely to reduce the UoA is highly unlikely function of the VME structure and function of to reduce structure and habitats to a point where the VME habitats to a function of the VME there would be serious or point where there would habitats to a point where FR Page 157 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA does not cause serious or irreversible harm to habitat structure and PI 2.4.1 function, considered on the basis of the area(s) covered by the governance body(s) responsible for fisheries management. irreversible harm. be serious or irreversible there would be serious or harm. irreversible harm. Met? Y N N Justifi Seamounts are vulnerable marine ecosystems. In 2015 and through resolution no. cation 451, SUBPESCA established the prohibition of bottom fishing activities on seamounts unless there is a scientific investigation, which shows that the fishing activity does not generate adverse effects on any vulnerable marine ecosystems in the area. Project FIP No. 2006-57 "Biodiversity of seamounts", the objective of which is to collect, organise, and increase existing knowledge about the geographical distribution, biodiversity, and fishery impact on the seamounts of the exclusive economic zone of Chile, identified 118 seamounts within Chile’s EEZ. The geographical location was also established, along with the calculation of the circular area associated with each seamount using the maximum radius base generated from the contour at a depth of 3000 metres, which is considered as the limit for bottom fishing operations. Additionally, there was an in situ evaluation of the Juan Fernández 1 and 2 seamounts (JF1, JF2), which were characterised from an oceanographic standpoint. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, and marine invertebrate samples were collected, and exploratory fishing was undertaken using a range of methods. Even though the target resources in Juan Fernandez fisheries analyzed are orange roughy and Alfonsino this work is intended to provide information on the physical impact of trawl fisheries on the seabed. Underwater photographs show characteristics attributable to the impact of bottom trawling gear. There is no specific and available information of yellow and red squat lobster fisheries related to their impact on the seabed habitats. SG 60 is met because the fisheries activities are concentrated in a specific area and are unlikely to reduce structure and function of the VME habitats to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm. The recent protection of seamounts and the total ban of trawl fisheries in their adjacent area don’t allows to believe that is highly unlikely to reduce structure and function of the VME habitats. This fishery has a limited geographical area of action in accordance with the characteristics of the bottoms used for trawling, and they have used the same grounds since the start of the activity. The team considered that the fishery could reach the SG 80 just overlaping the knowing fishing grounds and the location of VMEs habitats to offer evidence that the UoA is highly unlikely to reduce structure and function of the VME habitats to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm. SG 80 is not met. c Minor habitat status Guide There is evidence that post the UoA is highly unlikely to reduce structure and function of the minor habitats to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm. Met? N Justifi While the changes in gears has considered changes in the buoyant material for cation reduce the gear impact on the bottoms so far there is no information available that offer evidence to support that the UoA is highly unlikely to reduce structure and function of the minor habitats to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm. SG 100 is not met. FR Page 158 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The UoA does not cause serious or irreversible harm to habitat structure and PI 2.4.1 function, considered on the basis of the area(s) covered by the governance body(s) responsible for fisheries management. INFORME FINAL: FIP N° 2001-29 "ENFOQUE METODOLOGICO ECOSISTEMICO PESQUERIAS DE References CHILE CENTRAL " OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 70 4 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): (both UoAs) FR Page 159 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.4.2 – Habitats management strategy There is a strategy in place that is designed to ensure the UoA does not pose PI 2.4.2 a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the habitats. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Management strategy in place Guide There are measures in There is a partial There is a strategy in post place, if necessary, that strategy in place, if place for managing the are expected to achieve necessary, that is impact of all MSC the Habitat Outcome 80 expected to achieve the UoAs/non-MSC fisheries level of performance. Habitat Outcome 80 level on habitats. of performance or above. Met? Y Y N Justifi There is a good understanding of habitat types in the area (See PI 4.2.1 and PI cation 4.2.3). In relation to VMEs 118 seamounts were identified within Chile's EEZ. There are several measures in place expected to achieve the habitat outcome 80. The structure and buoyant materials of the fishing net were changed and was completely implemented by 2015 following the Regulation R.E. 762 of 2013 and as indicated in section 3.4.3.1. One of the objectives of the gear modification was the reduction of interaction with the sea bottom to avoid possible habitat impact. The General Fisheries and Aquaculture Law stipulates that under the precautionary principle, bottom fishing will not be permitted on seamounts. The resolution 451 (2015) establish the associated areas of seamounts defining the limits for the development of bottom fishing. According SA3.14.2.2 and SA3.14.2.3 the team considered that technical and spatial protection measures are in place and comprised a ‘partial strategy’ to avoid habitat damage and aim to achieve the “Habitat Outcome 80 level of performance”. Thus SG 60 and SG 80 are met, however SG100 is not met because there is no a formal strategy in place for managing the impact of all MSC UoAs/non-MSC fisheries on habitats. b Management strategy evaluation Guide The measures are There is some objective Testing supports high post considered likely to basis for confidence confidence that the work, based on plausible that the measures/partial partial strategy/strategy argument (e.g. general strategy will work, based will work, based on experience, theory or on information directly information directly comparison with similar about the UoA and/or about the UoA and/or UoAs/habitats). habitats involved. habitats involved. Met? Y Y N Justifi The measures taken to protect the habitat as a prohibition of trawling in certain cation areas and the changes in gears are considered as some objective basis for confidence that the measures/partial strategy will work, based on information directly about the UoA and/or habitats involved.. So SG 80 is met. SG100 is not met because the direct information currently available from the UoA has not been tested. c Management strategy implementation Guide There is some There is clear post quantitative evidence quantitative evidence that the measures/partial that thepartial strategy is being strategy/strategy is being implemented implemented successfully successfully. and is achieving its objective, as outlined in scoring issue (a). FR Page 160 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There is a strategy in place that is designed to ensure the UoA does not pose PI 2.4.2 a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the habitats. Met? Y N Justifi SG 80 is met because through vessels satellite tracking is possible confirm that no cation fishing activities are conducted on seamounts. The implementation of the new networks is recent and so far there is no information that serves as evidence of their effectiveness, but there is not a strategy oriented to management fishery impacts on habitats Thus SG 100 is not met. d Compliance with management requiremen ts and other MSC UoAs’/non -MSC fisheries’ measures to protect VMEs Guide There is qualitative There is some There is clear post evidence that the UoA quantitative evidence quantitative evidence complies with its that the UoA complies that the UoA complies management with both its management with both its management requirements to protect requirements and with requirements and with VMEs. protection measures protection measures afforded to VMEs by other afforded to VMEs by other MSC UoAs/non-MSC MSC UoAs/non-MSC fisheries, where relevant. fisheries, where relevant. Met? Y N N Justifi The SERNAPESCA is responsible for monitoring the use of the fishing areas using cation the Global Positioning System. The service will record the areas where bottom trawling is prohibited, and the positioning data automatically generated by the boats can inform whether these fishing zones are being respected including other MSC UoAs/non-MSC fisheries. Thus SG 60 is met because this represents some qualitative evidence that the UoA complies with its management requirements to protect VMEs. But as this information is not available, and do not allows to considering as quantitative evidence to show the compliance. SG 80 is not met References OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 75 5 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): (Both UoAs) FR Page 161 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.4.3 – Habitats information Information is adequate to determine the risk posed to the habitat by the UoA PI 2.4.3 and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage impacts on the habitat. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Information quality Guide The types and distribution The nature, distribution The distribution of all post of the main habitats are and vulnerability of the habitats is known over broadly understood . main habitats in the UoA their range, with particular area are known at a level attention to the of detail relevant to the occurrence of vulnerable scale and intensity of the habitats. UoA. Met? Y Y N Justifi The project, FIP No. 2005-61 “Characterisation of the Sea Floor between Regions cation III and X ” aimed to study the main areas comprising the fishing grounds on the continental shelf and the start of the continental slope, and to understand the variables surrounding the existing communities and their spatial distribution. The main oceanographic features near the bottom were determined by descriptors for temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, water bodies, total organic carbon (TOC) and stable isotopes ( δ13C, δ15N) and particle size distribution in sediments at different sampling points designated depending on the intensity of fishing crustaceans and demersal fish (see P2). FIP No. 2006-57, “Biodiversity of seamounts ”, was another project that provided data on marine habitats, which had the overall aim of collecting, organising, and increasing existing knowledge about the geographical distribution, biodiversity, and fishery impact of the seamounts in Chile ’s exclusive economic zone . SG 60 and SG 80 are met because these projects provide information about the types and distribution of the main habitats including the recognition of VMEs. SG 100 is not met because the available information not covers all habitats types. Information adequacy for assessment of impacts Guide Information is adequate to Information is adequate to The physical impacts of post broadly understand the allow for identification of the gear on all habitats nature of the main the main impacts of the have been quantified fully. impacts of gear use on UoA on the main habitats, the main habitats, and there is reliable including spatial overlap information on the spatial of habitat with fishing extent of interaction and gear. on the timing and location of use of the fishing gear. Met? Y Y N Justifi In the project, “Characterisation of the Sea Floor between Regions III and X ”, zones cation were defined to represent fishing grounds, and sample stations were based around them to collect data about the sea floor and the communities living there. A recorded video system was placed in the trawl hauls during sampling, but the work does not provide detailed information on the impacts of the network was used . The project, “Biodiversity of seamounts ”, identified 118 seamounts and the relative fishing power (RFP) was evaluated for the seamounts close to the Juan Fernández Archipelago (pesquería del orange roughy). The data is restricted to a study area in which a range of fleets operate, however underwater photographs show characteristics attributable to the impact of bottom trawling methods. FR Page 162 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Information is adequate to determine the risk posed to the habitat by the UoA PI 2.4.3 and the effectiveness of the strategy to manage impacts on the habitat. The vessels which conforms the UoA operates in a limited geographical area of action in accordance with the characteristics of the bottoms used for trawling, and they have used the same grounds since the start of the activity. VMS data and fishing logbook records are credible sources and provide reliable information on the spatial extent of interaction and on the timing and location of use of the fishing gear. SG 60 is met because both projects offer information about the interaction of trawls on the fishing grounds and VMEs, and allow to detect the main impacts of the UoA on the main habitats, SG 80 is met. The implementation of the modificated gear is recent so the physical impacts of the gear on all habitats have not been fully quantified so, SG100 is not met. c Monitoring Guide Adequate information Changes in habitat post continues to be collected distributions over time are to detect any increase in measured. risk to the main habitats. Me t? Y N Justifi The IFOP, through its oceanography department, undertakes useful bio- cation oceanographic research for fisheries administration and management in biological, chemical, and physical oceanography areas SG 60 is met because adequate information continues to be collected to detect any increase in risk to the main habitats by IFOP Oceanographic department who conducts research considering some habitats characteristics and their relationship with fishing activities. SG 100 is not met because is not a special program or research focused on habitat changes. [List any references here] References OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 80 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 163 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.5.1 – Ecosystem outcome (Both UoAs) Th e UoA does not cause serious or irreversible harm to the key elements of PI 2.5.1 ecosystem structure and function. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Ecosystem status Guide The UoA is unlikely to The UoA is highly There is evidence that post disrupt the key elements unlikely to disrupt the key the UoA is highly unlikely underlying ecosystem elements underlying to disrupt the key structure and function to a ecosystem structure and elements underlying point where there would function to a point where ecosystem structure and be a serious or there would be a serious function to a point where irreversible harm. or irreversible harm. there would be a serious or irreversible harm. Met? Y Y N Justifi The fishery has a relatively low impact on the species making up the demersal cation ecosystem based on the data provided from the recorded catches. The hake has a key trophic role in the demersal environment and is identified as the main predator (FIP Nº 2001- 29.). The status of their stock would be influenced by different factors, but mainly from the fishery in which it is the target resource. In accordance with the previously stated information, no interactions with ETP species are recorded, but it is important to consider the possible impact on some of the shark species given their sensitivity. SG 60 and SG 80 is met because the impacts of the fishery on other species is considering very low according to the capture composition. Nevertheless, some key species need more attention and is no evidence that the UoA is highly unlikely to disrupt the key elements underlying ecosystem structure and function to a point where there would be a serious or irreversible harm. SG 100 is not met. Proyecto FIP Nº 2005-61 Caracterización del fondo marino entre la III y X Regiones”. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso. References Proyecto FIP N°2006-57 “Biodiversidad de montes submarinos. Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso. Proyecto FIP Nº 2001- 29. Enfoque metodológico para el análisis ecosistémico en la administración de pesquerías de la zona central de Chile. Universidad de Concepción. OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 80 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 164 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 2.5.2 – Ecosystem management strategy There are measures in place to ensure the UoA does not pose a risk of PI 2.5.2 serious or irreversible harm to ecosystem structure and function. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Management strategy in place Guide There are measures in There is a partial There is a strategy that post place, if necessary which strategy in place, if consists of a plan , in take into account the necessary, which takes place which contains potential impacts of the into account available measures to address all fishery on key elements of information and is main impacts of the the ecosystem. expected to restrain UoA on the ecosystem, impacts of the UoA on and at least some of the ecosystem so as to these measures are in achieve the Ecosystem place. Outcome 80 level of performance. Met? Y Y N Justifi There is a partial strategy with several measured oriented to reduce the bycatch cation mainly oriented to hake. The quota system, spatial/temporal closures and modifications in gear is expected to restrain impacts of the UoA on the ecosystem so as to achieve the Ecosystem Outcome 80 level of performance. So, SG 60 and SG 80 are met. Not all the main impacts are considered in the strategy, so SG 100 is not met b Management strategy evaluation Guide The measures are There is some objective Testing supports high post considered likely to work, basis for confidence confidence that the based on plausible that the measures/partial partial strategy/strategy argument (e.g., general strategy will work, based will work, based on experience, theory or on some information information directly about comparison with similar directly about the UoA the UoA and/or fisheries/ ecosystems). and/or the ecosystem ecosystem involved involved Met? Y Y N Justifi The fishery has measures that are considered likely to work, so SG 60 is met. The cation SG 80 is met because there is some objective basis for confidence by the information collected as part of the research for gear change, the quota system and the spatial/temporal closures. But some by catch species are in low stocks levels and further actions are needed from an ecosystem approach to supports high confidence that the partial strategy/strategy will work. Thus SG 100 is not met. c Management strategy implementation Guide There is some evidence There is clear evidence post that the measures/partial that the partial strategy is being strategy/strategy is being implemented implemented successfully successfully . and is achieving its objective as set out in scoring issue (a). Met? Y N Justifi Some measures are implemented but others are very recent as a change in gears cation and the limitation of fishing activities close to protected areas as MVEs. SG 80 is met because is some evidence of the implementation, but more information in long- term is needed to support that the partial strategy/strategy is being implemented successfully and is achieving its objective. FR Page 165 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There are measures in place to ensure the UoA does not pose a risk of PI 2.5.2 serious or irreversible harm to ecosystem structure and function. [List any references here] References OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 80 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA Evaluation Table for PI 2.5.3 – Ecosystem information PI 2.5.3 There is adequate knowledge of the impacts of the UoA on the ecosystem. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Information quality Guide Information is adequate to Information is adequate to post identify the key elements broadly understand the of the ecosystem. key elements of the ecosystem. Met? Y Y Justifi Several studies based on ecosystem modeling were able to identify the key cation elements of ecosystems, food webs interactions, biological diversity, community structures and primary production. Therefore SG 80 is met b Investigation of UoA impacts Guide Main impacts of the UoA Main impacts of the UoA Main interactions between post on these key ecosystem on these key ecosystem the UoA and these elements can be inferred elements can be inferred ecosystem elements can from existing information, from existing information, be inferred from existing but have not been and some have been information, and have investigated in detail. investigated in detail . been investigated in detail . Me t? Y Y Y Justifi Several studies have developed from an ecosystem approach to implementing the cation management of the major fisheries of Chile. They key species in the ecosystem and trophic interactions that affect the dynamics of populations of species that are major fisheries are identified (Neira, 2003; Neira et al ., 2004, Neira et al., 2014). Ecopath models were used with Ecosim (EwE) simulating the possible responses of exploited populations quantifying changes in predator and prey against different scenarios in catch levels of the main fishery resources analyzed and against different types of control in the food web (FIP Nº 2001- 29, Neira et al., 2014) These simulations include the effect of the environment through ENSO events in the structure and dynamics of the marine ecosystem community (FIP Nº 2001- 29). The main result of these studies indicate that although predation mortality is the main cause of total mortality for the majority of the fish groups, fishing mortality of target species is high. Also recognize changes in system energetics that could have resulted in loss of productivity by increased flow to detritus. The models show that the species with small body size, short life span and low trophic level are dominant. Therefore suggest that the fishing-induced trends are result in stressed ecosystems and the food web could now be more susceptible to external forcing and negative ecological interactions (Neira et al., 2014). The team concludes that main interactions between the UoA and these ecosystem elements can be inferred from existing information, and have been investigated in detail . SG 100 is met. c Understanding of component functions Guide The main functions of the The impacts of the UoA post components (i.e., P1 on P1 target species, target species, primary, primary, secondary and FR Page 166 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PI 2.5.3 There is adequate knowledge of the impacts of the UoA on the ecosystem. secondary and ETP ETP species and Habitats species and Habitats) in are identified and the the ecosystem are main functions of these known . components in the ecosystem are understood . Met? Y N Justifi SG 80is met because the role of the target species, and primary species is know cation and have been incorporated in some ecosystem models to understand their functions and interactions. In the demersal environment, the main flows ranging from small pelagic fish (sardine and anchovy), benthic invertebrates (red and yellow squat lobters) and macrozooplankton (euphausiids) to common hake (youth and adults). SG 80 is met The impact and functions of each secondary species and the impacts on habitat are not identified. Thus SG100 is not met d Information relevance Guide Adequate information is Adequate information is post available on the impacts available on the impacts of the UoA on these of the UoA on the components to allow components and some of the main elements to allow the consequences for the main consequences for ecosystem to be inferred. the ecosystem to be inferred. Met? Y N Justifi The information obtained from IFOP programs relative to the target species, and cation primary species is adequate to infer the consequences for the ecosystem. The SG 80 is met. The impacts of the fishery on the components and elements are not completely understood because the information of secondary bycatch species and the habitatimpacts is scarce. SG 100 is not met. e Monitoring Guide Adequate data continue Information is adequate to post to be collected to detect support the development any increase in risk level. of strategies to manage ecosystem impacts. Met? Y Y Justifi ]The information obtained from IFOP surveys and provided by quota system are cation representative of the fishing effort and is collected regularly. SG 80 is met. Several studies use the ecosystem approach and allow inferring on the major Chilean fishing resources providing adequeate information to support management strategies of the ecosystem impacts. SG 100 is met. Proyecto FIP Nº 2005-61 Caracterización del fondo marino entre la III y X Regiones” Proyecto FIP Nº 2001- 29. Enfoque metodológico para el análisis ecosistémico en la administración de pesquerías de la zona central de Chile. Universidad de Concepción. Neira, S. 2003. Simulation of changes in catch levels of the main fisheries resources quantifying its impact on the community structure of the marine ecosystem in central Chile. References Thesis Universidad de Concepción. Neira, S., H. Arancibia & L. Cubillos. 2004. Comparative analysis of trophic structure of commercial fishery species off Central Chile in 1992 and 1998. Ecological Modelling, 172: 233-248. Neira, S. & H. Arancibia. 2004. Trophic interactions and community structure in the upwelling system off Central Chile (33 – 390S). J. Expt. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 312: 349 – 366. Neira, S. & H. Arancibia. 2005. Rol de la predación en el colapso y recuperación de los FR Page 167 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PI 2.5.3 There is adequate knowledge of the impacts of the UoA on the ecosystem. stocks de langostino colorado y langostino amarillo en Chile central (33ºS a 39ºS). Libro de resúmenes. XXV Congreso de Ciencias del Mar, pp 106. Neira, S., C., Moloney, L.J., Shannon, V. Christensen, H. Arancibia, and A. Jarre. 2014. Assessing changes in the southern Humboldt in the 20th century using food web models. Ecological Modelling 278: 52–66. OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 90 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 168 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 3.1.1 – Legal and/or customary framework The manageme nt system exists within an appropriate legal and/or customary framework which ensures that it: • Is capable of delivering sustainability in the UoA(s); and PI 3.1.1 • Observes the legal rights created explicitly or established by custom of people dependent on fishing for food or livelihood; and • Incorporates an appropriate dispute resolution framework. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Compatibility of laws or standards with effective management Guide There is an effective There is an effective There is an effective post national legal system and national legal system and national legal system and a framework for binding procedures organized and effective cooperation with other governing cooperation parties, where necessary, cooperation with other with other parties which to deliver management parties, where necessary, delivers management outcomes consistent with to deliver management outcomes consistent with MSC Principles 1 and 2 outcomes consistent with MSC Principles 1 and 2. MSC Principles 1 and 2. Met? Y Y Y Justifi All fishing regulations are explicitly contained in the LGPA, which establishes the cation overall framework for fishery sustainable management and administration. It also establishes the actions, roles, and responsibilities of all the relevant parties. The relevant parties are aware of the LGPA. In article 1º B, it is established that the law aims to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of hydrobiology resources using a precautionary and ecosystem-based approach, and to safeguard marine ecosystems. In addition, Art. 1ºC of the LGPA explicitly establishes the considerations an Authority should take into account when adopting conservation measures, involving ensuring their sustainability in accordance with MSC principles 1 and 2. The LGPA explicitly establishes each relevant party’s role in establishing the range of administration measures. As such, for example: i) each fishery’s Scientific Technical Committee (STC from now on) is responsible for setting BRPs and the ideal range for catch quotas; ii) Management Committees (MC) establish Management Plans, in which the relevant parties and the Scientific Technical Committee actively participate, with the aim of establishing guidelines to approach or sustain the fishery at the MSY from a biological standpoint, through establishing applicable conservation and administration measures to achieve the management plan’s targets. iii) measures adopted by the authority should be communicated to the CZP and the relevant STC. As a result, the regulation meets SG60 and SG80. In addition, with respect to international treaties, Chile joined the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in August 1997 and the United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement in 2015. They have also been involved in two regional fishing organisations, the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CAMLR) since 1981 and the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO) since 2012. When it comes to environmental forums dealing with aquatic biodiversity, they participate in the: FR Page 169 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The manageme nt system exists within an appropriate legal and/or customary framework which ensures that it: • Is capable of delivering sustainability in the UoA(s); and PI 3.1.1 • Observes the legal rights created explicitly or established by custom of people dependent on fishing for food or livelihood; and • Incorporates an appropriate dispute resolution framework. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), International Whaling Commission (IWC), The Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP), The Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles (IAC), and the Memorandum of Understanding on the Conservation of Migratory Sharks (Sharks MOU). They actively participate in relevant fishing forums such as: The United Nations, the FAO, the CPPS, and APEC's Oceans and Fisheries Working Group (OFWG). When it comes to the FAO, Chile is involved with the FAO’s Fishing Committee - COFI, signing up for the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries in 1995: the Compliance Agreement; the Agreement on Port State Measures to prevent, deter and eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing (IUU), ratified in 2012. Considering that the national regulation also defines that cooperation procedures are compulsory and binding, SG100 is met for the management process. b Resolution of disputes Guide The management system The management system The management system post incorporates or is subject incorporates or is subject incorporates or is subject by law to a mechanism by law to a transparent by law to a transparent for the resolution of legal mechanism for the mechanism for the disputes arising within the resolution of legal resolution of legal system. disputes which is disputes that is considered to be appropriate to the context effective in dealing with of the fishery and has most issues and that is been tested and proven appropriate to the context to be effective . of the UoA. Met? Y Y Y Justifi The LGPA contemplates a range of aspects to minimise any conflicts of interest cation that may occur among fishery users, such as: • The establishment of a 5 mile limit from the coast exclusively for small- scale fishing in vessels up to 18 metres in length, along with the country ’s inland waters. This aims to minimise interactions and possible conflicts during small-scale and industrial fishing operations. • The establishment of a 1 nautical mile limit exclusively for small-scale fishermen that use boats up to 12 metres in length. This aims to minimise FR Page 170 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The manageme nt system exists within an appropriate legal and/or customary framework which ensures that it: • Is capable of delivering sustainability in the UoA(s); and PI 3.1.1 • Observes the legal rights created explicitly or established by custom of people dependent on fishing for food or livelihood; and • Incorporates an appropriate dispute resolution framework. conflicts between small-scale fishermen that use smaller and larger vessels. • The legal subdivision of catch quotas in the shared, main hydrobiology resources among the small-scale and industrial sectors. • The inclusion of a power in management plans to reach an agreement to resolve any conflict of interest that may arise. In addition, the following options are available to resolve conflicts that may arise between users and the Fisheries Authority as a result of the latter ’s actions: • All the Authority ’s administrative actions can be contested at the administrative head office in accordance with Law 19880, Administrative Procedure Law, and before the Finance Minister in this case, through the applications for reconsideration and hierarchical reviews, and appeals for review contemplated in said law. • The administrative actions can also be contested in the administrative headquarters of the General Comptroller of the Republic. • Similarly, any possible impacts of Fisheries Authority administrative actions can be contested and requested for correction via the law courts using appeals. The Administrative Authority must comply with any decisions adopted by any of those bodies. Therefore, SG60 and SG80 are met. These conflict resolution mechanisms are transparent and have been shown to be effective in resolving conflicts. Therefore, the management system incorporates or is subject by law to a transparent mechanism for the resolution of legal disputes that is appropriate to the context of the fishery and has been tested and proven to be effective and SG 100 is reached . c Respect for rights Guide The management system The management system The management system post has a mechanism to has a mechanism to has a mechanism to generally respect the observe the legal rights formally commit to the legal rights created created explicitly or legal rights created explicitly or established by established by custom of explicitly or established by custom of people people dependent on custom of people dependent on fishing for fishing for food or dependent on fishing for food or livelihood in a livelihood in a manner food and livelihood in a manner consistent with consistent with the manner consistent with the objectives of MSC objectives of MSC the objectives of MSC Principles 1 and 2. Principles 1 and 2. Principles 1 and 2. Met? Y Y Y FR Page 171 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The manageme nt system exists within an appropriate legal and/or customary framework which ensures that it: • Is capable of delivering sustainability in the UoA(s); and PI 3.1.1 • Observes the legal rights created explicitly or established by custom of people dependent on fishing for food or livelihood; and • Incorporates an appropriate dispute resolution framework. Justifi cation The LGPA clearly establishes each user’s rights to perform their activity, based on the administration regime under which a particular fishery is administered, meaning the obligations generating those rights and either the partial or total reasons for their expiry are formally established. The owner of a right has a legally valid administrative deed from the Authority that supports their right. Special fishing permits allowing fishery activities for yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster from the V to VIII region are awarded via a SUBPESCA Resolution, with the following characteristics in accordance with the law: they are obtained through a public tender or transfer, they have a set period (10 years); they give the right to a yearly catch in tonnes resulting from multiplying the coefficient in the permit by the established quota: they are fully transferable, divisible, transmissible, subject to all legal business, and the yearly payment quota is established, with the reasons for expiry set in law. In addition, law 20,249 creates the indigenous peoples' marine and coastal zone, with the aim of protecting common use of those spaces with the objective of conserving traditions and coastal area communities using the natural resources. In accordance with the law, certified common use invoked by the applicants and in the face of competing requests for the aforementioned space, the decision was taken to award the indigenous peoples with the marine and coastal zones. The indigenous peoples' zone is designated indefinitely, with some causal terms established in the law itself. In accordance with all the above, SG60 and SG80 are met. Therefore, the management system has a mechanism to formally commit to the legal rights created explicitly or established by custom of people dependent on fishing for food and livelihood in a manner consistent with the objectives of MSC Principles 1 and 2 and SG 100 is met. DS No. 430 from MINECOM, which corresponds to the LGPA text: References http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-88020_documento.pdf OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 100 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 172 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 3.1.2 – Consultation, roles and responsibilities The management system has effective consultation processes that are open to interested and affected parties. PI 3.1.2 The roles and responsibilities of organisations and individuals who are involved in the management process are clear and understood by all relevant parties Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Roles and responsibilities Guide Organisations and Organisations and Organisations and post individuals involved in the individuals involved in the individuals involved in the management process management process management process have been identified. have been identified. have been identified. Functions, roles and Functions, roles and Functions, roles and responsibilities are responsibilities are responsibilities are generally understood . explicitly defined and explicitly defined and well understood for key well understood for all areas of responsibility areas of responsibility and interaction. and interaction. Met? Y Y Y Justifi cation The LGPA explicitly establishes the roles, functions, and responsibilities of each institution involved in the management system, whether these are governmental institutions such as MINECON, SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA, IFOP, as well as administration advisory bodies, comprised of Management Committees, Scientific Technical Committees, CNP, and CZP (8). The law itself establishes the roles and periods in charge of each of those organisations, as well as their formation and involvement of their relevant parties, which can be complemented with regulations to determine the procedure, requisites, and way its members are chosen. The processes to choose the members of each of those entities are totally transparent. The records indicate the functions and roles of each entity involved in the management system. Therefore, SG60 and SG80 are met. Therefore, organisations and individuals involved in the management process have been identified. Functions, roles and responsibilities are explicitly defined and well understood for all areas of responsibility and interaction and SG 100 is met . b Consultation processes Guide The management system The management system The management system post includes consultation includes consultation includes consultation processes that obtain processes that regularly processes that regularly relevant information seek and accept relevant seek and accept relevant from the main affected information, including information, including parties, including local local knowledge. The local knowledge. The knowledge, to inform the management system management system management system. demonstrates demonstrates consideration of the consideration of the information obtained. information and explains how it is used or not used . Met? Y Y N Justifi FR Page 173 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The management system has effective consultation processes that are open to interested and affected parties. PI 3.1.2 The roles and responsibilities of organisations and individuals who are involved in the management process are clear and understood by all relevant parties cation The LGPA establishes the consultation procedures with the different advisory institutions when adopting the different administration and management measures, whether through consultations or a need for technical reports, which the authority should take into account and are occasionally mandatory. To adopt measures such as closed seasons, temporary catch bans or permanent catch bans of species protected by international agreements, quotas, declaration of marine parks and marine reserves, percentages of species landed as by-catch, the measure should be first be communicated to the relevant Scientific Technical Committee (STC), alongside the SUBPESCA technical report, and some of the measures should also be communicated to the CNP, such as a quota destined for research in each fisheries unit. The STC is responsible for proposing the range to allow the authority to establish the quota for a calendar year, as well as the biological reference points for the fishery. For measures such as minimum extraction sizes, fishing gear dimensions and characteristics, the use and fitting of devices to minimise by-catch, the use and fitting of tools to release incidental catch, SUBPESCA must first consult with the relevant CZP and communicate them to the relevant Scientific Technical Committee before establishing them. MINECON should establish measures regulating Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems after receiving a SUBPESCA technical report and informing the relevant CZP. Resources that fisheries rate as benthic fishing, which can impact Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems, are declared based on the corresponding Scientific Technical Committee’s declaration. SUBPESCA can consult the STCs about administration and conservation measures and the formulation of Management Plans. The STC must include information from the FDI in their reports, along with information from other sources. Therefore, SG60 and SG80 are met. There isn’t a procedure to oblige the authority to inform how they do and don’t use the information provided when it isn’t mandatory to use it, then the management system includes consultation processes that regularly seek and accept relevant information, including local knowledge but the management system cannot demonstrate consideration of the information and explains how it is used or not used therefore SG 100 is not met . c Participation Guide The consultation process The consultation process post provides opportunity for provides opportunity all interested and affected and encouragement for parties to be involved. all interested and affected parties to be involved, and facilitates their effective engagement. Met? Y N Justifi FR Page 174 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The management system has effective consultation processes that are open to interested and affected parties. PI 3.1.2 The roles and responsibilities of organisations and individuals who are involved in the management process are clear and understood by all relevant parties cation The LGPA provides the opportunity and encourages the interested and affected parties to participate in the management system through Management Committees specific to a fishery or group of fisheries, Scientific Technical Committees specific to a fishery or group of fisheries, the CNP, and the 8 CZP. The participation of the different parties in management processes, whether or not they are involved, arises from the following cases: • Interested parties such as representatives from the industrial sector, the small- scale sector, and processing plants, can participate through the CNP, the corresponding CZP in the area of interest, and the Management Committees. • Academics from universities with marine science-based careers can participate through CZP. • NGOs can participate through CZP. • Scientists specialised in fisheries management can participate through Scientific Technical Committees. • Scientists from IFOP can participate through Scientific Technical Committees. • SERNAPESCA in its role as an audit organisation participates through the CNP, the CZP, and the Management Committees. CNP members can present facts they consider impact on fisheries activities, resources, and the environment to the authority. With a majority, they can also request initiatives from the SUBPESCA, in any area under their jurisdiction, a request that could only be denied by a reasoned decision. Taking into account that the organisations and personnel participating in the management process are well defined, that the law sets functions, roles, and responsibilities in important areas, which are found to be specifically defined and correctly understood, and that the consultation procedure offers the possibility for all parties to be involved, SG80 is met. Then after the modification to the fishing law at the start of 2013, which created the Management Committees, 32 Management Committees have been formed to date, of which 15 correspond to benthic resources exploited exclusively by the small- scale sector, with 17 Management Committees for crustacean and fish fisheries, exploited by both the small-scale and industrial sector. This reduces the interest in participating in the CZP, given the functions and roles of Management Committees take on greater relevance in the process of managing resources or fisheries, as they are more specific to one or more particular hydrobiological resource, leading to an agreement on the data being made available through the website of SUBPESCA, with many CZP currently presenting vacancies for members. It is also important to add that in the most recent modification to the fishing law, the fact the fisheries administration regimen substantially changed through the creation of transferable fishing licences and the new responsibilities for the Scientific Technical Committees, many important responsibilities were lost, some of which were decisive with the CZP. Despite the above, it is possible the Authority is not sufficiently encouraged to participate in one of the cases corresponding to the ZFCs, but they have shown real concern for the creation and founding of Management Committees and Scientific FR Page 175 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The management system has effective consultation processes that are open to interested and affected parties. PI 3.1.2 The roles and responsibilities of organisations and individuals who are involved in the management process are clear and understood by all relevant parties Technical Committee, meaning SG100 is not met. DS No. 430 from the MINECON, which corresponds to the LGPA text: References http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-88020_documento.pdf OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 85 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 176 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 3.1.3 – Long term objectives The management policy has clear long -term objectives to guide decision - PI 3.1.3 making that are consistent with MSC fisheries standard, and incorporates the precautionary approach. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Objectives Guide Long-term objectives to Clear long-term objectives Clear long-term objectives post guide decision-making, that guide decision- that guide decision- consistent with the MSC making, consistent with making, consistent with fisheries standard and the MSC fisheries standard MSC fisheries standard precautionary approach, and the precautionary and the precautionary are implicit within approach are explicit approach, are explicit management policy. within management within and required by policy. management policy. Met? Y Y Y Justifi cation In article 1º B of the LGPA, it is established that the law’s purpose is the conservation and sustainable use of hydrobiology resources, using a precautionary and ecosystem-based approach, and to safeguard the marine ecosystems where those resources exist. In addition, in article 1º C of the LGPA, it is directly and explicitly established that to achieve the law’s purpose, the fisheries authority should always take the following into account when it comes to adopting conservation and administration measures, and how to interpret and apply the law: a) to establish long term objectives for the conservation and administration of fisheries and the protection of their ecosystems, as well as periodic evaluation of the efficacy of the adopted measures. b) to take a precautionary approach with the administration and conservation of hydrobiology resources and the protection of their ecosystems, understood as: i) Requiring greater caution when administering and conserving resources when the scientific data is unclear, unreliable, or incomplete, and ii) Unreliable, incomplete, or insufficient scientific information should not be used as a motive for postponing or not adopting conservation and administration measures. c) to consider the impact of fishing on the associated or dependent species and the preservation of the aquatic environment. Similarly, Article 3º, point c) of the LGPA indicates that establishing the annual catch quota should always be with a view to maintaining or taking the fishery towards the maximum sustainable yield. Clear long-term objectives that guide decision-making, consistent with MSC fisheries standard and the precautionary approach are explicit within and required by management policy and for this reason SG60, SG80 and SG 100 are reached. References DS No. 430 from the MINECON, which corresponds to the LGPA text: http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-88020_documento.pdf OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 100 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 177 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 3.2.1 Fishery-specific objectives The fishery -specific management system has clear, specific objectives PI 3.2.1 designed to achieve the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Objectives Guide Objectives , which are Short and long -term Well defined and post broadly consistent with objectives , which are measurable short and achieving the outcomes consistent with achieving long-term objectives , expressed by MSC’s the outcomes expressed which are demonstrably Principles 1 and 2, are by MSC’s Principles 1 consistent with achieving implicit within the fishery- and 2, are explicit within the outcomes expressed specific management the fishery-specific by MSC’s Principles 1 system. management system. and 2, are explicit within the fishery-specific management system. Met? Y Partial N Justifi The LGPA itself, which establishes the long term objectives for the administration of cation red squat lobster and yellow squat lobster fisheries from the V to VIII region, establishing the obligation to use the precautionary approach when required, and the ecosystem-based approach; as well as safeguarding the marine ecosystems in which they are found. It also directly establishes (Article 1ºC) what the authority should take into account when adopting conservation and administration measures, of which the following is worth mentioning: • To establish long term objectives for the conservation and administration of fisheries and the protection of their ecosystems, as well as the periodic evaluation of the efficacy of the adopted measures. • To apply the precautionary approach when administering and conserving hydrobiology resources and the protection of their ecosystems. • To apply an ecosystem-based approach for the conservation and administration of fishery resources and the protection of their ecosystems. • To consider the impact of fishing on the associated or dependent species and the preservation of the aquatic environment. • To try to avoid or eliminate overexploitation and excessive fishing capacity. • To audit the effective compliance of the conservation and administration measures. • To minimise discards of both the target and by catch species and incidental fish catch. The short term management objectives arise from the demands to establish annual catch quotas, which should always take the fishery towards or maintain the BRP of the MSY. The law demands the establishment of a Management Plan for the fishery, which the Management Committee proposes and establishes after consulting the corresponding STC, and this management plan should include the indicators and the reference points for measuring progress in the range of proposed objectives. In accordance with information provided by SUBPESCA, the management plan for yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster from the V to VIII region is currently at FR Page 178 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The fishery -specific management system has clear, specific objectives PI 3.2.1 designed to achieve the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. the consultation stage in its respective STC, meaning it will be formalised during the first half of this year. In addition, in Minutes Nº1 of the benthic crustacean STC session held on 26th January 2015, it was agreed to establish the BRPs for yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster in the area of interest for this certification as follows: BMSY = B 40% FMSY = F 45%SSB/R BLIM = 20% B o Where: BMSY =Biomass at the Maximum Sustainable Yield FMSY = Fishing mortality at the Maximum Sustainable Yield level. F45%BDRMS = Fishing mortality at 45% of the MSY for the Spawning Stock Biomass (SSB). BLIM = Biomass limit Bo= Virgin biomass The full exploitation limits based on the biomass levels were also established, between 20% less than B MSY and 50% higher. The same occurred with the full exploitation zone limits in terms of fishing mortality (F) corresponding to both 25% above and below the F MSY reference value. When it comes to Principle 2, the LGPA establishes a regulation for discards, which consists of first running a discard research programme, with the aim of quantifying discarding and determining the reasons, both for the target species and the by catch, along with the incidental catch. A Discard Reduction Plan must be established on completion of this phase. The discard research programme for these fisheries began in April 2013 and is still ongoing, until April 2017. The LGPA also establishes the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems, having the powers to establish special regulations in that type of area. As a result, 115 areas corresponding to sea mounts have been identified and established within our country’s territorial sea and EEZ, where it is prohibited to fish with gear that can impact on the sea floor, and research has to be undertaken to show the activity does not adversely impact the sea floor before extraction activities are authorised in those areas. Based on the above, the team concludes that the objectives are broadly consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2, and are implicit within the fishery-specific management system. SG60 is met. Taking into account that although most of the short and long term objectives are well defined and specified for P1, they are still in the implicit form in the regulation with respect to P2. Explicit objectives in the management system addressing these issues should be part of the fishery Management Plan which is under development and not yet implemented. The fisheries do not meet SG80 a partial score of 70 is awarded. References DS Nº 430 del NINECON que corresponde al texto de la LGPA: http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-88020_documento.pdf FR Page 179 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The fishery -specific management system has clear, specific objectives PI 3.2.1 designed to achieve the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. Acta Nº 1 de 2015 del CCT de crustáceos demersales: http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/articles-87669_documento.pdf Programa de Investigación del descarte de crustáceos demersales: http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-80970_documento.pdf http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-83719_documento.pdf http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-82973_documento.pdf http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-87541_documento.pdf Protección Montes Submarinos: http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles- 86920_documento.pdf OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 70 CONDITI ON NUMBER (if relevant): 1 FR Page 180 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 3.2.2 – Decision-making processes The fishery -specific management system includes effective decision -making PI 3.2.2 processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Decision-making processes Guide There are some decision- There are established post making processes in decision-making place that result in processes that result in measures and strategies measures and strategies to achieve the fishery- to achieve the fishery- specific objectives. specific objectives. Met? Y Y Justifi The decision making process in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster cation fisheries when it comes to adopting administration measures and strategies to achieve the management objectives are expressly and specifically defined in the LGPA (Articles 3°, 4°, 4°D, 6°A, 6°B, 7°B, 8°, 9° bis, 9° A), establishing the specific participation of each institution and body involved. These include SUBPESCA with the role of defining the regulation, requesting information, establishing the research programmes, requesting the opinion of Scientific Technical Committees on a range of administration measures, as well as proposing the annual catch quota for the upcoming year and the participation of the Management Committee when defining the Management Plans for the fisheries and their evaluation. The participation of the CNP and CZP is also specifically defined. Based on all the above, SG60 and SG80 are met. b Responsiveness of decision-making processes Guide Decision-making Decision-making Decision-making post processes respond to processes respond to processes respond to all serious issues identified serious and other issues identified in in relevant research, important issues relevant research, monitoring, evaluation identified in relevant monitoring, evaluation and consultation, in a research, monitoring, and consultation, in a transparent, timely and evaluation and transparent, timely and adaptive manner and take consultation, in a adaptive manner and take some account of the transparent, timely and account of the wider wider implications of adaptive manner and take implications of decisions. decisions. account of the wider implications of decisions. Met? Y Y N Justifi The decision-making process for yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster cation fisheries responds to the issues identified during the research in a clear and appropriate manner. These fisheries are administered with annual catch quotas that should be established during the previous year and in advance in order to allow annual quota tendering to occur. In order to determine the above, SUBPESCA considers projects for these fisheries in their annual research programme, which in 2015 were: -Monitoring and Follow Up Programmes, -Direct Assessments, -Determination of the Fishery Status, and -A comparative analysis of capture and selectivity with drag nets in benthic FR Page 181 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The fishery -specific management system includes effective decision -making PI 3.2.2 processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery. crustacean fisheries, Phase I. One particularly important aspect that was known to occur even though it is banned, is the onboard discarding of some associated species such as the common cod and the prawn, for which the fleet didn’t have authorisation and which were caught as by-catch at a higher percentage than authorised by the Authority before 2012. These aspects were widely discussed and considered when modifying the fishing law that came into force in February 2013, through the incorporation of a chapter on discard regulation, which considers the development of research to indicate the reasons for it, so that this information can be used to establish the necessary adaptations to both the regulation and the technological means to reduce the discarding of by-catch fauna species and incidental fishing. In addition, the requirement for on board cameras to record images on boats over 15 metres in length was established, which in the case of the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries being analysed, all their boats are longer than 15 metres in length, although this requirement has not yet come into force. Another significant aspect included in the new regulation for reducing discards is the obligation for all agents involved in this fishery to have a quota for associated species such as the common cod and prawn prior to starting the fishing season in a calendar year, as such that any catches of those resources are entered into those quotas. This new regulation was established from 2013 onwards. It is worth highlighting that benthic crustacean fisheries, which include the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries, were the first to start a discard research programme in April 2013, just a couple of months prior to the regulation permitting research coming into force. The fishery also manages annual closed seasons to protect the ecdysis process (January-February), and the carrying of eggs, along with the regulation of fishing gear characteristics. The gear characteristics were recently modified after the research that was undertaken so it was more selective, allowing the smaller sized of the species to escape, along with fish, as well as more buoys to reduce the impact on the sea floor. During 2014, a biological closed season was established for the first time to protect the egg carrying and larval release process during September, which will be applied every calendar year, along with fishing gear characteristics regulation, with all these adaptations supported by the range of research projects that were undertaken. As a result of the above, it is estimated that for the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery, the decision making processes respond to the serious and important issues identified during the relevant research, monitoring, evaluation, and consultations in a timely manner, having incorporated the necessary mechanisms in the current fishery legislation, and SG60 and SG80 are met. Considering an important issue is still being investigated, pertaining to discards, and not knowing whether all the issues identified by the ongoing research will be adopted, SG100 is not met. FR Page 182 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The fishery -specific management system includes effective decision -making PI 3.2.2 processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery. c Use of precautionary approach Guide Decision-making post processes use the precautionary approach and are based on best available information. Met? Y Justifi The LGPA (art.1º C) obliges the authority to consider the protection of its cation ecosystems and the precautionary approach when adopting conservation and administration measures, understood as: Requiring greater caution when administering and conserving resources when the scientific data is unclear, unreliable, or incomplete, and unreliable, incomplete, or insufficient scientific information should not be used as a motive for postponing or not adopting conservation and administration measures. Then, decision-making processes use the precautionary approach and are based on best available information and SG 80 is reached . d Accountability and transparency of management system and decision-making process Guide Some information on the Information on the Formal reporting to all post fishery’s performance and fishery’s performance interested stakeholders management action is and management action provides generally available on is available on request , comprehensive request to stakeholders. and explanations are information on the provided for any actions fishery’s performance or lack of action and management associated with findings actions and describes and relevant how the management recommendations system responded to emerging from research, findings and relevant monitoring, evaluation recommendations and review activity. emerging from research, monitoring, evaluation and review activity. Met? Y Y N Justifi In accordance with the provisions of the LGPA, all information relating to the cation decision making process is in the public domain and should be available through the SUBPESCA website, which in this case are the technical reports, Management Committee minutes, Scientific Technical Committee minutes, and CNP minutes. The administration of fishery resources in a transparent, responsible, and inclusive manner is one of the considerations of Article 1º C of the LGPA when it comes to achieving the objectives of the law. In accordance with the law, IFOP should also make the management research results available through their website In addition, law 20285 on access to public information, applicable to all Public Services, allows anyone, whether an interested or affected party, to request information they consider relevant from either SUBPESCA and SERNAPESCA. In March of every year since 2013, the SUBPESCA communicates and make a FR Page 183 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The fishery -specific management system includes effective decision -making PI 3.2.2 processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery. report on the current status of the country’s main fisheries through their website, including the analysed yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries, which should include details of at least the following: • Fishery administration and management measures that apply to the fishery. • The current status of the fishery, which considers: The biological framework of reference, the resource status, the biologically acceptable catch ranges, • The research undertaken during the previous year. The SERNAPESCA regularly provides information on fishery quota control through their website. In addition, as audit organisations, the SERNAPESCA and the Directorate General of Maritime Territory should report on the audit activities and actions undertaken during the previous year in March of every year. Both reports should be published in the institutions’ websites. As an example of actions associated with findings, all interesting parties expressed their concern about discarding activity which was not been informed. For this reason the Law was modified in order to incorporate a procedure to enable the Authority to establish a discard research program. The results will lead to a future Discard Reduction Plan. The team therefore thinks SG60 and SG80 are met. All the same, no official data is available to date on the sizes and species being discarded during fishing, data that should be known once the specific research is completed in the near future, and as such stakeholders are not receiving formal reporting on the performance of the fishery and management measures in place, such as the results of the discard research. SG100 is not met. e Approach to disputes Guide Although the The management system The management system post management authority or or fishery is attempting to or fishery acts proactively fishery may be subject to comply in a timely fashion to avoid legal disputes or continuing court with judicial decisions rapidly implements challenges, it is not arising from any legal judicial decisions arising indicating a disrespect or challenges. from legal challenges. defiance of the law by repeatedly violating the same law or regulation necessary for the sustainability for the fishery. Met? Y Y Y Justifi In accordance with the established procedures and the involvement of the cation interested and affected parties in the different participating authorities: CNP, CZP, the Management Committees, the Scientific Technical Committees, there are many authorities in which both the interested and affected parties become aware of the procedures being undertaken by the authority, and can put forward the different problems they consider could arise within the fisheries to those authorities. On the other hand, nonetheless, if disputes arise regarding the SUBPESCA’s procedures, it should be noted that MINECON and the Comptrollership of the Republic is its administrative body, and has to acknowledge many of its regulations and rules. As such, the interested or affected parties can approach either of those FR Page 184 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The fishery -specific management system includes effective decision -making PI 3.2.2 processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery. authorities. Whether from MINECON through “hierarchical reviews”, or the rulings of the Comptrollership of the Republic, the adopted decisions are mandatory for SUBPESCA have to be fulfilled within the specific deadlines. The Law Courts are another authority for resolving any differences interested or affected parties believe could lead to conflicts, using “Appeals”. Decisions adopted by the Law Courts are also mandatory for SUBPESCA, as appropriate, and have to be applied as soon as possible. The Management Plans are another option for conflict resolution between users, as they contain strategies to achieve the proposed objectives and goals, and consider the conservation and administration measures that should be adopted, the agreements to resolve the interactions between the different fisheries sectors involved in the fishery. The management system or fishery acts proactively to avoid legal disputes or rapidly implements judicial decisions arising from legal challenges. Therefore, SG60, SG80 and SG100 is met. DS No. 430 from MINECON, which corresponds to the LGPA text: http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-88020_documento.pdf Research Programme to regulate Fishing and Aquaculture 2015: http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-86475_documento.pdf Yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster quotas 2016, V to VIII region: http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-91228_documento.pdf Benthic crustacean net characteristics regulation and their modifications: http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-5925_documento.pdf http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-82215_documento.pdf http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-84521_documento.pdf http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-86777_documento.pdf Establishment of Yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster closed seasons, V to VIII region and its modifications: References http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-84033_documento.pdf http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-8582_documento.pdf http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-87070_documento.pdf Law 20285 on information access: http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=276363&buscar=20285 Report on the current status of the main Chilean fisheries, Public Account, March 2014 and March 2015: http://www.subpesca.cl/publicaciones/606/articles-82828_recurso_1.pdf http://www.subpesca.cl/publicaciones/606/articles-87256_recurso_1.pdf Public Account of SERNAPESCA March 2014 and March 2015: file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrador/Mis%20documentos/Downl oads/Cuenta_Publica_2013.pdf http://www.sernapesca.cl/presentaciones/Informe_Fiscalizaci%C3%B3n_Sernapes ca_2014_20150331.pdf FR Page 185 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY The fishery -specific management system includes effective decision -making PI 3.2.2 processes that result in measures and strategies to achieve the objectives, and has an appropriate approach to actual disputes in the fishery. Public Account of the General Directorate of Maritime Territory March 2015: http://www.directemar.cl/images/stories/c_publica_2.pdf Publication of the FDI research http://www.ifop.cl/?page_id=10666 Publication of the Benthic Crustacean Scientific Committees minutes: http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/w3-propertyvalue-51147.html Publication of the Benthic Crustacean Management Committees minutes: http://www.subpesca.cl/institucional/602/w3-propertyvalue-52793.html Publication of the SERNAPESCA quota controls: http://www.sernapesca.cl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1908&It emid=1142 OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 85 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): NA FR Page 186 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 3.2.3 – Compliance and enforcement Monitoring, control and surveillance mechanisms ensure the management PI 3.2.3 measures in the fishery are enforced and complied with. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a MCS implementation Guide Monitoring, control and A monitoring, control and A comprehensive post surveillance mechanisms surveillance system has monitoring, control and exist, and are been implemented in the surveillance system has implemented in the fishery and has been implemented in the fishery and there is a demonstrated an ability to fishery and has reasonable expectation enforce relevant demonstrated a that they are effective. management measures, consistent ability to strategies and/or rules. enforce relevant management measures, strategies and/or rules. Met? Y N N Justifi The LGPA establishes a range of tools for the auditing authority to carry out cation exhaustive monitoring, control, and surveillance of the fisheries. The following tools are currently required of fishing rights owners and vessel owners which participate in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery of the V to VIII region: • A Satellite Positioning Device: from August 2000, all industrial vessels have to have an operational positioning system from the moment the vessel is authorised to set sail until puts into the authorised port. The system’s signal is automatically received at two auditing institutions, the General Directorate of Maritime Territory and the SERNAPESCA. • A landing certificate: since 2002, all industrial vessels are required to have landing catches certified by a SERNAPESCA-accredited auditing body. • Scientific Observer: since 2002, there has been an established obligation to accept SUBPESCA-assigned scientific observers on board industrial vessels, During the final days of each month, SUBPESCA sends out a resolution with the vessels that must accept a scientific observer on board for the following month. The designated vessels must not set sail without the observer on board. • Cameras to record images on board vessels: since the end of 2012, the law established the requirement for industrial vessels to install and maintain and image recording device operational in order to detect and record discard actions in particular. This requirement has not yet been implemented by the authority, which is still working on deciding the technical requirements of the cameras, as well as what location and number of cameras per fishery and size of the vessel to request. Electronic logbook: all industrial vessels must report the estimated catches of each resource after each fish haul to the SERNAPESCA. In the near future, the Service should establish the acceptable margin of difference between the reported catches and the certified landings. All the differences compared to the criteria set by the Service will be attributed to the special fishing permit owner’s quota. The current mechanisms for the monitoring, control, and surveillance of extraction operations of the analysed red squat lobster and yellow squat lobster fisheries allow the authority: • to be aware and certain of the operations taking place in the authorised areas, • to know the reported landings match the real landings in terms of species and sizes, • to know that reliable information on the activity can be collected when they FR Page 187 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Monitoring, control and surveillance mechanisms ensure the management PI 3.2.3 measures in the fishery are enforced and complied with. operate with scientific observers. It is worth pointing out that the previously indicated demands apply to all the boats involved in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery in the V to VIII region. It only remains for the on-board camera requisite to become compulsory to ensure the catches match what is unloaded, and as such, account for the unauthorised discarding There is also another control mechanism, specifically regarding the unload volumes and the type of hydrobiology resources unloaded, using mandatory transport records, which are required when transferring the unloaded catches. On the other hand, processing plants are obliged to provide data on stocks in their plants, indicating the source of each hydrobiology resource they process, as well as what is produced from them. All the catches, landings, storage, and marketing of hydrobiology resources should have a legal source, which should have SERNAPESCA accreditation in accordance with the provisions of SERNAPESCA Resolution No. 1319 of 2014. Considering the on-board camera recording is still to be implemented and that there aren’t any inspectors on board boats to provide data on the activities taking place on board, particularly relating to the accountability of the discards, the fishery achieves SG 60, and does not meet either SG80 or SG100. b Sanctions Guide Sanctions to deal with Sanctions to deal with Sanctions to deal with post non-compliance exist and non-compliance exist, are non-compliance exist, are there is some evidence consistently applied and consistently applied and that they are applied. thought to provide demonstrably provide effective deterrence. effective deterrence. Met? Y Y N Justifi The LGPA establishes administrative sanctions for the main non-compliances of the cation analysed red squat lobster and yellow squat lobster fisheries. The administrative sanctions were established in 2002 and have proven to be effective in ensuring compliance with the established regulations. The administrative sanctions currently typify the main non-compliances, establishing sanctions for the special fishing permit owner, along with the captain of the offending vessel. The following non-compliances are administratively sanctioned: • Exceeding the allocated quota. • Not reporting catches when unloading. • Not complying with the certification procedure. • Catching from an unregistered vessel. • Discarding when against regulations. • Undertaking extraction activities in small-scale reserve areas. • Catching from a different fisheries unit to the allocated unit. The sanctions are monetary fines and a reduction by the excess tonnage from the following year’s quota. In the event of more than two sanctions in two consecutive FR Page 188 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Monitoring, control and surveillance mechanisms ensure the management PI 3.2.3 measures in the fishery are enforced and complied with. years, an additional sanction of suspension of the activity for 6 months will apply. All non-compliances due to other causes correspond to the sanctioned party in accordance with the legal procedure. In accordance with the information published in the SERNAPESCA website, 2 sanctions for yellow squat lobster are recorded for 2014 and 2015, defined in accordance with article 116 of the LGPA, which sets the sanctions for non- compliances that don’t have a specific sanction in law, processed in March 2014 and sanctioned by the Law Courts in March 2015. When consulted about the application of administrative sanctions, SUBPESCA, via Letter (G.S.) No. 102 of January 2015, informs that between 2000 and 2014, 2 administrative sanctions were found, both for exceeding the allocated quota, with the non-compliances occurring in 2008, which were then sanctioned in 2010. The above proves that sanctions were applied to non-compliances, meeting SG60. Sanctions defined for non-compliances are applied in line with the damage caused, as monetary fines and discounts on the allocated quota. For example, in the case of exceeding the allocated quota, the sanction is three times the value of the excessive catch as a monetary fine, as well as discounting the amount exceeded from the following year, Article 40 B of the LGPA. In the case of discards, a 1,000 UTM fine is sanctioned for all events (approximately US$70,350) and 3 times the value of the tonnes discarded during the infraction, Art. 40 C of the LGPA. As a result of the above, the sanctions are conceived to cause a deterrent effect and are consistently applied, SG80 is met. Considering that the sanction Procedures, particularly those administrative in nature, applicable to the more serious non-compliances with respect to sustainability, are relatively new since 2013, and that there are different instances that take time to apply, more time is needed to demonstrably provide effective deterrence meaning SG100 is not achieved. c Compliance Guide Fishers are generally Some evidence exists to There is a high degree of post thought to comply with demonstrate fishers confidence that fishers the management system comply with the comply with the for the fishery under management system management system assessment, including, under assessment, under assessment, when required, providing including, when required, including, providing information of importance providing information of information of importance to the effective importance to the to the effective management of the effective management of management of the fishery. the fishery. fishery. Met? Y Y N Justifi According to SERNAPESCA data, there isn’t any evidence of systematic non- cation compliances for these fisheries, which agrees with the sanctions data. Discarding is assumed to be one of the main non-compliance issues, although there isn’t any reliable data on it and when it has been detected, the respective sanctions were applied from April 2013 onwards with the initiation of the discard research fishing, which is legal for the boats taking part in it. In line with the above, the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster special permit FR Page 189 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Monitoring, control and surveillance mechanisms ensure the management PI 3.2.3 measures in the fishery are enforced and complied with. holders have been participating in the discard research program since mid-2013, which aims to collect data on the fishing operation, quantify the discard, and establish the causes. With that data, it should be possible to establish a discard reduction plan that takes the administration measures and technological means to reduce discarding into account. It is worth mentioning that the legally established sanctions do not apply to the programme participants during the research programme. It is worth nothing that of the 14 boats undertaking extraction activities during 2014, 13 of them took part in the discards research programme, which in total unloaded 99.1% of yellow squat lobster and 98.2% red squat lobster in 2014. During 2016 up to 31st May, 10 boats have been involved in extraction activities, all of which are included on the discards research programme. One of the aspects deriving from this research programme is the willingness of Special Permit holders to cooperate with collecting data and continue modifying the drag nets in order to make them even more selective in terms of catching better sized target species and reducing the catches of other species as by catch, and common hake in particular. In accordance with the SERNAPESCA Auditing Activities report, available through the entity’s website, in the reports undertaken to support Fishing and Aquaculture in 2012, 2013, and 2014, none of the analysed resources were identified among the main species seized due to legal infractions, and the total catches were not exceeded, meaning in general terms it can be said that the fishermen comply with the fishery management currently being evaluated. Examining the last three reports published by SERNAPESCA, which included only 2 administrative sanctions for exceeding the quota for 2008 between 2010 and 2014, and two sanctions set by the Law Courts between 2014 and 2015 for what were considered minor non- compliances, it can be stated that there is some documented proof to show that the fishermen comply with the fishery management system being evaluated, meaning SG60 and SG80 are met. All the same, there isn’t a high level of confidence in the fishermen complying with the established management system in this fishery, given that as the on board cameras are not operational and there aren’t any on board inspectors, boats undertaking extraction activities without an observer on board could be discarding and not reporting it in their log, which is a non-compliance. Based on the above, SG100 is not met. d Systematic non-compliance Guide There is no evidence of post systematic non- compliance. Met? Y Justifi There wasn’t any non-official data on recurring non-compliances from the banning cation of discards in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery being analysed prior to 2012, which was also the case for other major Chilean fisheries. As result of the above, a legal project was presented in January 2005, with the aim of introducing Paragraph 1 bis “On the discard of hydrobiological species” from the first title of the LGPA, with the aim of studying the reasons behind discarding using a research programme and then to establish a Discards Reduction Plan. In order to ensure compliance of the above, the requisite for boats over 15 metres in length to have a working camera during the entire fishing trip was established. This legal FR Page 190 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Monitoring, control and surveillance mechanisms ensure the management PI 3.2.3 measures in the fishery are enforced and complied with. project ended up being passed through Parliament in September 2012, law 20,625. The yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery being evaluated started a discards research programme in April 2013, being the first fishery to do so, which was ratified by the SUBPESCA Resolution No. 882, dated 3rd April 2013. All boats forming part of the fisheries being evaluated are over 15 metres in length. Considering discards were the main non-compliance issue, 13 out of 14 boats that operated in 2015 and 10 that have operated to date in 2016 are included on the discards research programme and therefore, informing that within the required terms does not constitute a non-compliance. In accordance with data from the SERNAPESCA in their reports on compliance during years 2013, 2014, and 2015, available through their website, there isn’t any evidence of systematic non-compliances among these fisheries, which is in line with the sanctions applied. SG 80 is therefore met. References DS No. 430 from MINECON, which corresponds to the LGPA text: http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-88020_documento.pdf OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 75 CONDITION NUMBER (if relevant): 2 FR Page 191 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Evaluation Table for PI 3.2.4 – Monitoring and management performance evaluation There is a system of monitoring and evaluating th e performance of the fishery-specific management system against its objectives. PI 3.2.4 There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system. Scoring Issue SG 60 SG 80 SG 100 a Evaluation coverage Guide There are mechanisms in There are mechanisms in There are mechanisms in post place to evaluate some place to evaluate key place to evaluate all parts parts of the fishery- parts of the fishery- of the fishery-specific specific management specific management management system. system. system Met? Y Y N Justifi With respect to research as one aspect of the management, the LGPA makes the cation MINECON responsible for ensuring the quality of the research contracted for fisheries management, with the FDI’s research having to be subjected to external assessment, who should determine whether the research report complies with standard technical terms, verify the technical quality of the research undertaken, as well as the results obtained. They should also ensure the basis for the methodologies, the data collection, and the procedures used are subjected to external peer-review in order to ensure its quality. The respective Scientific Technical Committee can also request this review. External assessors should also sanction research funded by the FIPA. When it comes to auditing and compliance, as auditing organisations, both the SERNAPESCA and the General Directorate of Maritime Territory should present annual reports every March, containing the results of auditing actions undertaken and compliance with administration and conservation measures. With respect to the fishery-specific management system, article 1º C of the LGPA establishes that the efficacy and implementation of the established conservation and administration measures should be assessed every five years. On the other hand, the evaluation period needs to be set in the Management Plans for the fisheries, which shouldn’t be any longer than five years (3 years have passed). The key areas of the management system such as the yearly quota to maintain the MSY based on annual stock assessment have defined evaluation mechanisms and evaluate the key aspects of fishery management, so SG60 and SG80 are met. Compliance is one of the significant aspects of the management system, but only the activities undertaken during the previous tax year have to be made public, and they don’t have to be evaluated, so SG100 is not met. b Internal and/or external review Guide The fishery-specific The fishery-specific The fishery-specific post management system is management system is management system is subject to occasional subject to regular subject to regular internal review. internal and occasional internal and external external review. review. Met? Y Y Y Justifi The yellow and red squat lobster fisheries management system is subject to an FR Page 192 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY There is a system of monitoring and evaluating th e performance of the fishery-specific management system against its objectives. PI 3.2.4 There is effective and timely review of the fishery-specific management system. cation annual internal review by SUBPESCA, and given the establishment of the main administrative measures, such as the overall catch quota, and the assignations for the following year, the fishery meets SG60. The management system is subject to external review by the fishery’s technical scientific committee, which must evaluate the research undertaken, and propose the range in which the catch quota for the following year can be established, as well as the management committee in which most of the fisheries’ stakeholders are involved. In addition, the MINECON is responsible for carrying out the external evaluation of IFOP’s research to safeguard its quality and the compliance with the requested reference technical terms. In the international domain, the third international workshop on the “Review of the Biological Reference Points in National Fisheries” took place in Viña del Mar in August 2014, with the participation of national and foreign experts with respect to reviewing the demersal crustacean fishery BRPs, with the following international experts attending: William Clark and Martin Dorn (USA), Carmen Fernández (Spain), Malcolm Haddon, Neil Klaer and Shijie Zhou (Australia), and Matthew Dunn (New Zealand). The fishery meets SG80. The fishery management system internal reviews are regular and periodic. The external reviews are also periodic and carried out by the STC, MC, and NFC, which are external bodies, given the composition of their members. Based on the above, the specific management system of the fishery being analysed is subject to both internal and external periodic review, meeting SG100. References DS No. 430 from MINECON, which corresponds to the LGPA text: http://www.subpesca.cl/normativa/605/articles-88020_documento.pdf OVERALL PERFORMANCE INDICATOR SCORE: 90 FR Page 193 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Appendix 1.3 Conditions Condition 1 UoA 1 PI 1.1.1 The stock is at a level which maintains high productivity and has a Performance low probability of recruitment overfishing Indicator SG b) The stock is at or fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY Score 70 For the red squat lobster fishery in the southern region (UoA 1), the most recent stock assessment estimated the ratio of the current biomass to the Bmsy proxy of 40% of B 0 is 0.72. This estimate falls outside the target range of 20% below Rationale and 50% above the biomass target reference point, and therefore the latest assessment confirms that the red squat lobster fishery in the southern region is over-exploited. The stock cannot be considered therefore to be at or fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY. Condition By the fourth annual audit, the client should demonstrate that the red squat lobster stock is at or fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY. At the first annual audit, the client should provide evidence to the CAB that the re-building strategy for the red squat lobster stock is working. Expected score 70. At the second annual audit, the client should provide evidence to the CAB that the re-building strategy for the red squat lobster stock is continuing to work or that the stock is now at or fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY. Milestones Expected score 70 or 80. At the third annual audit, the client should provide evidence to the CAB that the re-building strategy for the red squat lobster stock is continuing to work or that the stock is now at or fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY. Expected score 70 or 80. At the fourth annual audit, the client should provide evidence to the CAB that that the red squat lobster stock in the southern fishing zone is at or fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY. Expected score 80. The 2014 records were used to calculate the red squat lobster 2016 quota, which dropped 21% from the annual global catch quota for 2015. This will allow the spawning biomass to recover for this resource’s fishery. Possible interference from biotic and abiotic factors in the resource’s recovery has to be considered, meaning we will obtain the required records if continuous evaluations can be made. The following action plan is put into practice to meet the audit’s demand. First audit: a) To provide the auditors with evidence that Camanchaca Pesca Sur Client action plan participated* in public authority discussions (Subpesca, IFOP, Management Committee, and Scientific Committee) on the rebuilding of the red squat lobster biomass in zone V-VIII, meaning that the fisheries is working to achieve that stock is at or fluctuating around a level consistent with MSY. *Participation is understood as communications, which the company can establish with the aforementioned administrative authorities under the current guideline b) To maintain records of communications or instances of interaction with fishery administration bodies (Management Committee, scientific committee) on the status of the red squat lobster fishery in the centre-south zone, with the aim of promoting the fishery’s recovery. c) To hold a weekly round table with our fleet captains to obtain direct FR Page 194 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY information about their operations and observations that could provide indications as to the fishery’s status. Second Audit: The first audit’s points will be maintained, adding the following actions: a) To provide training for captains on important factors that must be observed during the catch process to obtain evidence on the resource’s status. b) To provide evidence of the delivery of a monthly executive report to the management, which gives an account of the Camanchaca Pesca Sur fleet’s operations (whilst the fleet is operating), including a justified opinion of the resource’s status. Third audit: We will continue the previous work to bring the red squat lobster fishery to the MSY level, providing the auditors with evidence that the current red squat lobster rebuilding plan is on course for a positive outcome with respect to the proposed objective. Fourth audit: We will provide the evidence required by the auditor showing the red squat lobster population in the centre-south zone is reaching or fluctuating around MSY levels and not in danger of overexploitation. Consultation on The client established Committees, IFOP and SUBPESCA. See letters from condition SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA and IFOP (Appendix 4). FR Page 195 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Condition 2 (Both UoAs) P1.2.3. Relevant information is collected to support the harvest strategy SG b) Stock abundance and UoA removals are regularly monitored at a level of accuracy and coverage consistent with the harvest control rule, Performance and one or more indicators are available and monitored with sufficient Indicator frequency to support the harvest control rule. SG c) There is good information on all other fishery removals from the stock. Score 65 Scoring issue b. It is clear that there is significant discarding of individuals under the commercial size in both fisheries, and that the level of discarding is not full quantified. Scoring issue c Squat lobsters are also caught in other fisheries when they are not the target Rationale species. In the nylon shrimp fishery these landings will be recorded and included in the annual global quota. However small catches of yellow squat lobster occur in the fisheries targeting red squat lobsters and vice versa, and the assessment team were informed that landings recorded on behalf of SERNAPESCA through the dockside monitoring programme do not differentiate between the two species, and so some removals of both squat lobster species are not fully recorded. By the third annual audit, the client should demonstrate that the stock abundance and UoA removals are regularly monitored at a level of accuracy Condition and coverage consistent with the harvest control rule. It is will be also necessary to confirm that there is good information on all other fishery removals from the stock. At the first annual audit, the client should provide evidence to the CAB that options for quantifying the level of discarding of target species in both fisheries have been considered, and that a mechanism has been put in place for differentiating between landings of squat lobster species in the dockside monitoring programme. Expected score 65. At the second annual audit, the client should provide evidence to the CAB that a Milestones mechanism has been put in place to quantify the level of discarding of target species in both fisheries, and that landings of squat lobster species are fully differentiated within the dockside monitoring programme. Expected score 75. At the third annual audit, the client should provide evidence to the CAB that the level of discarding of target species is fully quantified in both fisheries, and that landings of squat lobster species are fully differentiated within the dockside monitoring programme. Expected score 80. The Camanchaca Pesca Sur action plan for point B is as follows: It is likely small chance discards of both resources occur during the catch process. Camanchaca Pesca Sur will quantify it and establish the reason why it occurs. The Camanchaca Pesca Sur fishery for achieving point c will try to identify the Client action plan fishing grounds for both resources, and whether interaction occurs in any of them. Additional background data will be collected, such as the time of year, the oceanographic/climatic conditions, which may lead to a higher chance of mixing between the resources. This will allow them to identify the level of mixing between species in the landings for each fishing ground. For the first audit. FR Page 196 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY CAB will be provided with evidence of our captains’ training, which enables them to: • Keep a (random) sampling record and landing record, making it is easier to identify when both species catches are mixed, in turn making quantification easier during landing. • Carry out IFOP action plans focussed on the data collect required to quantify the level of discards during the fishing activity. • Collaboration with IFOP by having observers on-board during the fishing activity when needed. • Keep a record providing evidence of any discards, indicating the reason why it occurred. • We will provide evidence that we have implemented SUBPESCA action plans to respond to the need to quantified the proportions between yellow and red squat lobster. Second audit, Camanchaca Pesca Sur: They will provide evidence of the existence of a landing record that clearly identifies the fishing grounds with the percentage mix of both resources, enabling quantification of the proportions of each resource. They will provide their discard records for both resources during the catch season. Third Audit Camanchaca Pesca Sur. 1. They will provide evidence that the target fish discards are quantified. 2. They will ensure each resource is comprehensively identified and quantified in the catch at the time of landing. Consulta tion on The consultation was done with the concerned Entities. See letters from condition SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA and IFOP (Appendix 4). FR Page 197 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Condition 3 Relevant information is collected to support the management of UoA impacts on ETP species, including: • Information for the development of the management strategy; • Information to assess the effectiveness of the management strategy; PI 2.3.3 and • Information to determine the outcome status of ETP species. b) Information is adequate to measure trends and supports a strategy to manage impacts on ETP species. Score 70 The measures that are part of strategy to manage impacts on ETP species are established in the National plans, international agreements and National laws. Some national plans are still in development. The information collected by IFOP is adequate to measure to manage impacts on ETP species of birds, turtles and Rationale marine mammals but the impacts of the fishery on corals are not completely understood because they are not retained in the gear. The change of gear is the most important measure oriented to reduce the bycatch and avoid ETP species interaction. As the implementation was recently more information is needed to considering as adequate to measure trends and supports a strategy to manage impacts on ETP species. By the forth year the client should demonstrate adequate information is Condition collected to measure trends and support a strategy to manage impacts on ETP species, particularly in corals. The following elements can be verified during annual surveillance audit: Year 1: the client shall demonstrate that the stakeholders have discussed what information is required to collect data to clearly understand impacts (in particular corals) and measure trends and support a full strategy to manage them on ETP species Year 2: all stakeholders shall be working to design mechanism to collect data to measure trends and support a full strategy to manage impacts on ETP species in particular corals. Client shall provide deliverables that shows the state of the Milestones work done. Year 3: the client shall provide clear evidence that a mechanism has been designed to collect data to measure trends and support a full strategy to manage impacts on ETP species in particular corals has been implemented. Year 4: the client shall present the CAB with evidence to show that data to measure trends and support a full strategy to manage impacts on ETP species in particular corals has been collected and analyzed. These milestones provide incremental steps in achieving the conditions. Only when the final step is completed will the team be able to revise the score. By the fourth annual audit the required minimum score is 80. The information on the fishery’s impact on ETP is documented, with improvements required in the information on the possible impact on any corals existing in the fishing grounds where the fleet operates with the lobster resource. Client action plan In the first audit • Camanchaca Pesca Sur commits to collect data on any types of corals present in the fishing grounds, and they will also ask IFOP if they have the data on the percentage and quantity that scientific observers would have noted in their records during their trips. FR Page 198 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY • Evidence of having discussed and analysed with the relevant bodies (Subpesca, IFOP, Sernapesca, as well as other ship-owners that operate in the resource) to establish the relevance and impact of fishery operations on ETP: birds, mammals, and turtles, will be presented with a view to preparing the strategic lines to follow. In the second audit a) Evidence will be provided that Camanchaca Pesca Sur are working with Subpesca, IFOP, and the Management Committee on a logging system that can collect data on ETP species interactions, including corals, and the incidental fishing of mammals, turtles, birds, sharks, and rays in the fishing ground where the float operates. This tool will enable data to be collected to form the basis of a strategy to manage the issue. b) Evidence will be provided of our captains and deck managers being trained via a university or Fishery Institute to gain more information and better instruction on detecting ETPs and/or corals in the fishing grounds and to be able to identify their findings in the respective fishing zones (georeferencing). In the third audit a) Evidence will be provided using a log containing the ETP type, and we will quantify the quantity, type, and geographical region in which they occur. In the fourth audit b) Camanchaca Pesca Sur will provide an analysis and action plan, if applicable, on the mitigation of any possible impact on the ETPs during the catch operations of the red squat lobster and yellow squat lobster resources. We do not need to request specific consult on the implementation of this part of Consultation on the client action plan, as this is based on internal actions. However, condition SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA and IFOP supports the Action plans of the client (Appendix 4). FR Page 199 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Condition 4 The UoA is highly unlikely to reduce structure and function of the VME habitats PI 2.4.1 to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm. Score 70 Seamounts are vulnerable marine ecosystems and in 2015 the prohibition of bottom fishing activities on seamounts was established. More specific information is needed about the impacts of this fishery on VMEs Rationale or another type of habitats. While the gears modifications has considered changes in the floating material for reduce impact on the floor so far there is no information available that offer evidence to support that the UoA is highly unlikely to reduce structure and function of the minor habitats to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm. By the fourth year the client shall to demonstrate that the UoA is highly unlikely Condition to reduce structure and function of the VME habitats to a point where there would be serious or irreversible harm. The following elements can be verified during annual surveillance audit: Year 1: the client shall demonstrate that the stakeholders have discussed what information is required to generate a tool for visualizing the relation between UoC operation areas and VME habitats and identify what kind of data is necessary collect to clearly understand impacts for VME habitat type. Year 2 & 3: all stakeholders shall be working to design a tool and the protocol to Milestones collect data to estimate VME habitat impacts. Client should provide deliverables that shows the state of the work done. Year 4: the client shall provide clear evidence that a tool has been developed and a protocol has been designed and is used to collect data to estimate the impacts on VME habitat type. These milestones provide incremental steps in achieving the conditions. Only when the final step is completed will the team be able to revise the score. By the fourth annual audit the required minimum score is 80. Knowing that ecosystem protection is one of the MSC’s core values, to the effect that catch operations on a specific resource must not cause irreversible damage to the habitat and vulnerable marine ecosystems in particular, this is taken into account as part of Camanchaca Pesca Sur’s policy. As such, our company will collect the required data on existing vulnerable ecosystems in the area where both red squat lobster and yellow squat lobster resources are caught during fishery operations In the first audit a) Camanchaca Pesca Sur will provide evidence they are in discussions with Subpesca, the Management Committee, Sernapesca, IFOP, and others Client action plan about collecting data to enable vulnerable marine ecosystem and habitat identification in the fishing grounds by fishing zone. This data will form the basis for tools to quantify the fishery’s impact on those ecosystems. b) The new nets’ impact on the ecosystem will be analysed. In the second and third audit Based on efforts in the previous point, the range of strategies to follow will be analysed jointly with the relevant entities in order to produce the protocols for data collection and subsequent analysis in order to evaluate the possible impact on the habitats. In the fourth audit FR Page 200 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Camanchaca Pesca Sur will implement the log and protocols based on data collected in previous years validated by the relevant authority. Consultation on We do not need to request specific consult on the implementation of this part of condition the client action plan, as this is based on internal actions. FR Page 201 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Condition 5 There is some quantitative evidence that the UoA complies with both its PI 2.4.2 management requirements and with protection measures afforded to VMEs by other MSC UoAs/non-MSC fisheries, where relevant. Score 75 The SERNAPESCA is responsible for monitoring the use of the fishing areas using the Global Positioning System. The service will record the areas where bottom trawling is prohibited, and the positioning data automatically generated by the boats can inform whether these fishing zones are being respected Rationale including other MSC UoAs/non-MSC fisheries. Thus, exists an implemented system to know the position of vessels and determinate the compliance with the limitation zones established to protect VMEs habitats, but this information is not public and does not allow confirmation to ensure that the UoA does not pose a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the habitats. By the fourth year the client shall make available some quantitative evidence Condition that the UoA complies with both its management requirements and with protection measures afforded to VMEs by other MSC UoAs/non-MSC fisheries, where relevant. The following elements can be verified during annual surveillance audit: Year 1: the client shall demonstrate that the stakeholders have discussed how to present the information available(map, report, internet viewer) provided by VMS systemand other MSC UoAs’/non-MSC fisheries’ measures to protect VMEs Year 2 & 3: all stakeholders (mainly SENARPESCA) should be working on the Milestones way to make available the information in accordance with the decided format presentation.Client should provide deliverables that shows the state of the work done. Year 4: the information should be available to prove compliance with management requirements to protect VMEs These milestones provide incremental steps in achieving the conditions. Only when the final step is completed will the team be able to revise the score. By the fourth annual audit the required minimum score is 80. First audit Camanchaca Pesca Sur will ask Subpesca and the National Fishing Service to evaluate the spread of current Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems in the V to VIII Region. Second and third audit Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A. will present evidence that Subpesca, and mainly Client action plan Sernapesca, are working on a presentation format showing the protection sectors for vulnerable marine ecosystems In the fourth audit Camanchaca Pesca Sur will provide evidence that the tool is in the testing phase. Camanchaca Pesca Sur will provide evidence that the tool has been implemented. The VMEs together with the fleet activity information will be visualized. Consultation on We do not need to request specific consult on the implementation of this part of condition the client action plan, as this is based on internal actions. FR Page 202 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Condition 6 3.2.1 The fishery -specific management system ha s clear, specific objectives designed to achieve the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2. Performance Indicator SG80a. Short and long term objectives, which are consistent with achieving the outcomes expressed by MSC’s Principles 1 and 2, are explicit within the fishery- specific management system. Score 70 The short and long-term objectives of the yellow squat lobster and red squat Rationale lobster fisheries for P1 are explicitly expressed, although most of the objectives corresponding to P2 are implicitly expressed in the current regulation, meaning the fisheries do not meet SG80. In the third annual audit, the client must provide documental evidence that the Condition P2 short and long-term objectives are explicitly expressed in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries management plan and are coherent with obtaining the outcomes expressed by MSC’s P2. In the first audit, the client must provide the CAB with documental evidence showing the stakeholders have been informed of the need to work on establishing short and long-term objectives for P2. In the second audit, the customer must provide the CAB with documental evidence of the ongoing efforts with stakeholders to define the P2 short and Milestones long-term objectives for explicit incorporation into the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries management plan. In the third annual audit, the client must provide the CAB with documental evidence that the P2 short and long-term objectives are explicitly indicated in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries management plan, which must be coherent with obtaining the outcomes expressed by the MSC’s P2. The qualification is expected to be SG80. Camanchaca Pesca Sur’s policy includes caring for resources so they are sustainable for future generations, as well as the protection of the habitat in which they coexist. To that end, improvements in fishing methods, processes, and collaborator training are ongoing, which gives rise to a sustainable fishery. All the same, we are in a development phase as a company with respect to principle 2, and in terms of status with respect to the formation of Management Committees for each fishery. In the first audit Camanchaca Pesca Sur commits to provide documental evidence that they are asking Subpesca and the Management Committee about the need to use short Client action plan and medium-term strategies with respect to bycatch species that are fully exploited, and non-commercial species including ETPs with respect to minimising their catches and adequate management. In addition, the same evidences will be presented in relation to the need of studing the quantification of the ecosystem and habitat impacts in the ground waters where the activity occurs. In the second audit Camanchaca Pesca Sur will provide evidence they are addressing management plans through Subpesca and the Management Committee for the aforementioned fisheries, related to the quantification of bycatch and and non- commercial species including ETPs and mitigation measures. In addition, the same evidences will be presented in relation to the need of studing the FR Page 203 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY quantification of the ecosystem and habitat impacts in the ground waters where the activity occurs. In the third audit Camanchaca Pesca Sur will show there is a short and medium-term action plan ,which includes P2 short and long-term objectives, through the relevant organisations relating to principle 2, which will be actioned responsibly, with the results analysed in order to present any relevant modifications. Co nsultation on We do not need to request specific consult on the implementation of this part of condition the client action plan, as this is based on internal actions. FR Page 204 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Condition 7 3.2.3 Monitoring, control and surveillance mechan isms ensure the management measures in the fishery are enforced and complied with. Performance Indicator SG80a A monitoring, control and surveillance system has been implemented in the fishery and has demonstrated an ability to enforce relevant management measures, strategies and/or rules. Score 75 All vessels operating extractive activities in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries are required to operate with an onboard satellite positioning system throughout the fishing trip, with the data sent in real time to both the National Fishing Service and the General Directorate of Maritime Territory. A National Fishing Service-authorised organisation certifies their Rationale catches on landing. However, cameras logging images have not been implemented onboard the vessels to date, even though it is a legal requisite, neither are there any inspectors on vessels to provide reliable data about the onboard activities that occur, particularly in terms of discards auditing. Therefore, the monitoring, control, and surveillance mechanisms of the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries must show they fulfil the SG80 requisites. In the forth annual audit, the client must show all the vessels operating in the Condition yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishery undertake their extractive activities has demonstrated an ability to enforce relevant management measures, strategies and/or rules. In the first audit, the customer must provide the CAB with documental evidence of the stakeholders having being informed of the need to have inspectors onboard or to implement the requisite for onboard cameras to record images of the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster vessels. In the second and third audit, the client must provide the CAB with documental evidence they are working with the stakeholders on the incorporation of inspectors onboard the vessels or the implementation of the requisite to install and continuously operate cameras to record images onboard the vessels throughout the fishing trip. This will enable the detection and recording of all Milestones discard actions that occur onboard the vessels. In the fourth annual audit, the client must provide the CAB with documental evidence that the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fishing fleet carry out their extractive activities either with an inspector on board or with cameras recording images throughout the entire fishing trip, enabling the detection and recording of all discard actions onboard. This would mean a monitoring, control, and surveillance mechanism has been implemented for the fisheries being evaluated, which demonstrates their capacity for applying the relevant management measures, strategies, or guidelines in accordance with the MSC, meeting the SG80 requirement. Although the fishery of those resources is strictly controlled during fishery operations and landings, with the scientific observers monitoring bycatch fauna and incidental catches, it is worth highlighting that the data collection results are very similar to those provided by the fleet captains themselves. This is because Client action plan the company has instilled objective data collection into the crew, allowing us to create plans with positive outcomes. In the first audit Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A. will provide the auditors with evidence they have FR Page 205 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY asked the National Fishing Service for regulation on the implementation of cameras to log images or other control system. In the second and third audit The auditors will be provided documental evidence that work is being undertaken with the relevant authorities on the regulation that can indicate the required technical characteristics for logging images (cameras) or the increase of inspectors in the area. the fourth audit Camanchaca Pesca Sur will provide physical and documental evidence that image logging is implemented throughout the entire fleet, or if not, inspectors are used throughout. Consultation on The consultation was done with the concerned Entities. See letters from condition SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA and IFOP (Appendix 4). FR Page 206 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Recommendations Recommendation 1 (PI 1.1.2) The assessment team noted that the rebuilding of the red squat lobster stock in the southern region had not yet started, and therefore recommends that the re-building strategy is re-evaluated if the stock does not show any signs of recovery in the 2017 stock assessment. Recommendation 2 (PI 1.2.4) A new modified trawl has become mandatory since November 2014, and this trawl has different selectivity properties to the previously used trawl. To date the change in catchability of the gear has not been incorporated in the stock assessment. The assessment team understands that there are a number of ongoing studies in relation to the catchability of the new gear, and recommends that any change in catchability is taken into account in future stock assessments. FR Page 207 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Appendix 2 Peer Review Reports PEER REVIEWER 1 Summary of Peer Reviewer Opinion Has the assessment team arrived at an Yes CAB Response appropriate conclusion based on the evidence presented in the assessment report? Justification: No response required. Generally, yes. I think there are some places where the team has been a little too hard on the fishery, and some places where the requirements haven’t been followed appropriately. These are identified in detail in the comments on the scoring text, below. Generally, though, the report is thorough and well written. Do you think the condition(s) raised are Yes and CAB Response appropriately written to achieve the SG80 No outcome within the specified timeframe? [Reference: FCR 7.11.1 and sub-clauses] Justification: The assessment team agrees with the reviewer that Condition 2 should relate Generally, the Conditions are OK. to the whole fishery and not focus solely on the UoC. The text of the condition I am concerned, though, that Condition 2 on PI 1.2.3 will not has been revised accordingly. address the information need because it focuses on the UoC The drafted of the condition has been rather than the fishery as a whole (which is the focus of P1). reviewed to follow the narrative of the PI. The condition in PI 2.4.2 is required In contrast, I think Condition 4 on PI 2.4.1 is not focused on because the score is less than 80. the wording of the SI (ie., the MSC requirement), and Condition 5 on PI 2.4.2 should not be required. More details are provided in the comments on the scoring text, below. Do you think the client action plan is sufficient Not in all CAB Response to close the conditions raised? cases [Reference FCR 7.11.2-7.11.3 and sub-clauses] Justification: All the conditions were consulted with As detailed in the comments against the scoring text, I find it the Entities that should be involved in very strange that the CAP states for a number of the the Action Plan such as SERNAPESCA, conditions that appear to be fundamentally related to work IFOP and SubPESCA. The letters are attached in Appendix 4. To avoid undertaken by other bodies that consultation is not required misunderstanding the assessment team This is slightly worrying with respect to the effectiveness of has redrafted the consultation section of any collaboration, but is also a concern with respect to CR all the conditions. 7.11.3. Condition 2 does indeed relate to the FR Page 208 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY whole stock and not just the UoC, and Also, Condition 2 relates to the differentiation of catch for the therefore to meet this condition it will be dockside monitoring (again, a P1 issue related to the whole necessary for SERNAPESCA (or their contractors) to ensure that the dockside stock, not just the UoC), and there is no mention of this in the monitoring programme differentiates CAP. between the two squat lobster species across the whole fishery and not just for those vessels within the UoC. The assessment team has requested the Client to liaise with SERNAPESCA and revise the CAP accordingly. FR Page 209 of 254 January, 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 1.1.1 Yes No UoA 1, only: SIa The assessment team notes the peer Yes, with one For red squat lobster, the introduction to reviewer’s comments about recruitment concern the report states: “ Recruitment has been at in both red and yellow squat lobster. a relatively low level in the last few years in Whilst recruitment in both fisheries is not comparison with previous recruitment levels at some of the higher levels observed in (Figure 18). ”, while for yellow squat lobster the past, the stocks have quite clearly the report states “ Recruitment has been previously recovered from levels of increasing in the last few years but is still low recruitment below those observed currently, and recruitment levels are in comparison with recruitment levels in the increasing currently, so there does not early 2000s. ” The scoring text then goes on appear to be any evidence of recruitment to state “ Estimates of recruitment from the failure. The text has been revised stock assessment model for the southern accordingly. fisheries for red squat lobster (Figure 18) and yellow squat lobster (Figure 29) show no sign The assessment team accepts the peer of recruitment impairment. ” reviewer’s comment that the probability of the current biomass being below Blim At the very best, these scoring comments cannot be zero. For both species the Final Report page 210 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) appear to be more positive than they should estimated probability was very small and be – I suggest that they should be modified. had been ‘rounded down’ to zero. The The report also states: “ For both UoCs, the text has been amended to state that the most recent stock assessments (Bucarey et probability of the current biomass being al., 2015a, 2015b) state that the probability below Blim is <0.01. of the current biomass being below Blim is zero .” I’d note in response that this is a The assessment team accepts that the biological system and the assessment quality of Figure 31 is poor, but the figure is the best available at the current time, employs assumptions and estimates – the until the full detailed annual assessment probability might be small, but it cannot be document is published by IFOP. Figure zero!?! 31 is copied directly from the Scientific Committee’s advice on status of stocks. SIb I agree with the scoring for red squat lobster. These advice notes are produced very For yellow squat lobster, the rationale points quickly and are themseves of poor to Figure 31 as a key part of the evidence for quality. We have made some improvements to Figure 31 which we Final Report page 211 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) a score of 100 based on F being at or below hope will help with interpretation. The the Fmsy proxy in recent years. On this, I key point to be taken from this figure is simply note that it is all but impossible for that B/Bmsy is 1.13 and that readers to interpret anything from Figure 31, F/Fmsy=0.59 for 2015, and the as it looks like a very poor quality assessment team confirms that the photocopy, with no way to pinpoint the figures for all recent years show that B current or recent status. has been above Bmsy, and that F has been below Fmsy. A comment to that effect has been added to the text. Condition In general, the condition and action plan In relation to the condition the CAB made look fine. I am surprised/concerned, though, a mistake in the consultation section of that the Client stated that they did not need the condition. All the conditions were to consult with the established Committees, consulted with the Entities that should be IFOP and SUBPESCA about this Condition, as involved in the Action Plan such as these are the groups who manage the SERNAPESCA, IFOP and SubPESCA. fishery and who may need to review the The letters are attached in Appendix 4. rebuilding strategy and change their To avoid misunderstanding the management approach if the 2017 assessment team has redrafted the consultation section of all the conditions. Final Report page 212 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) assessment does not show signs of improvement (i.e., the 1.1.2 recommendation). I am therefore surprised the Client Action Plan was accepted by the CAB given CR 7.11.3. 1.1.2 Yes Yes N/A Scored for red squat lobster only No response required. I agree with the score and the rationale, and the recommendation to review the rebuilding strategy if the stock has not shown signs of recvery starting in the 2017 assessment is very appropriate. 1.2.1 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. 1.2.2 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. Conditi on 2 The assessment team agrees with the Final Report page 213 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) The milestones for Condition 2 require firstly reviewer that the condition should apply that options are considered and mechanisms to the whole stock, and not just the UoC. put in place to quantify discarding in both The text of the condition has been UoCs, and secondly that mechanism are put revised accordingly. in place for the DMP. To meet the condition, it will be On the first part, my concern is related to necessary for the Client to work with the how the condition was set. The important relevant authorities, and not just to issue here is that the condition refers to address the issues within the Client fleet. the UoC, but Principle 1 is related to the status, management, information and assessment of the whole stock, not just to the UoC, so even if the client is doing something to show what is happening in the UoC (e.g., “ CAB will be provided with evidence of our captains’ 1.2.3 Yes Yes No training ”) there is no indication of how that will address the issue globally (i.e., including In relation to quantifying discards, this Final Report page 214 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) for the other vessels in the fleet who may will require working with IFOP, and in not be following the same standards). This relation to differentiation of squat lobster issue is most important for yellow squat species within the dockside monitoring lobster, where the client took less than 40% programme, the Client will need to liaise of the catch in the last two years, but is also with SERNAPESCA (or their important for red squat lobster. contractors). The Client has been requested to revise the CAP accordingly. On the send part, my concern is associated The CAB made a mistake in the with the CAP, where there appears to be no consultation section of the condition. All mention of mechanisms being put in place in the conditions were consulted with the the DMP. This is critical, as is it again stated Entities that should be involved in the that consultation with management bodies Action Plan such as SERNAPESCA, is not required, even though the report IFOP and SubPESCA. The letters are states: “ the assessment team were informed attached in Appendix 4. To avoid that landings recorded on behalf of misunderstanding the assessment team SERNAPESCA through the dockside has redrafted the consultation section of monitoring programme do not differentiate all the conditions. See Appendix 4. between the two species ”. No letter of Final Report page 215 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) support was also available to thi s peer reviewer, although the consultation section states “ SUBPESCA, SERNAPESCA and IFOP supports the Action plans of the client (Appendix 2). ”. I again point to CR 7.11.3. 1.2.4 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. 2.1.1 Yes Yes N/A I am not sure I would have identified The team considered cardinal fish as a cardinal fish (<1% of the catch) as a main species based on GSA3.4.2 (“a ‘main’ primary species, but that is a stock might be in such a poor state, that judegment call by the assessment team. all impact by the UoA is important Otherwise, nothing to add. enough to consider, even in cases where the catch proportion is so low that it would normally be classified as a minor species”) cardinal fish is managed using reference points and although its percentage share in all catches is less than 1% by weight. The stock is Final Report page 216 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) considered depleted 2.1.2 Yes Yes with a query N/A The query is over unwanted catch. I The team have reviewed the definition accept that if there is no minimum and requirements GSA 3.1.6 and landing size the level of discarding may GSA3.5.3 and recognize that the SI be low. By not scoring SIe, though, is the need to be scored. See scoring table team saying there is no discarding at 2.1.2. all?? 2.1.3 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. 2.2.1 Yes Yes with a N/A Just a note – for the red squat lobster The text mentioned in the introduction is comment fishery, 12 species are named as part of a research done with information secondary species, but I presume there of the comercial fleet between III and X are additional species in the catch that regions to describe in a general way the have not been considered in the benthic-demersal community in the assessment. For example, the fishing grounds. In this study the introduction highlights a long running common (or recurring) species are sampling programme for the commercial hake, nylon srhimp, red squat lobster, Final Report page 217 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) fishery and states that “ there are few yellow squat lobster and Bigeye flounder. common (or recurring) species, and The uncommon species (or infrequently many uncommon (or infrequently occurring ) correspond to the 12 species occurring) species ”. designed as secondary minor ( that comprise a 0.9% of the total catch). The While I agree that these other species team clasified the species following the likely comprise such a small percentage definitions of primary and secondary that they are essentially negligible, some given by the MSC and based on IFOP sort of justification as to why they are not reports. IFOP data are anual and considered in the assessment is needed. correspond specifically to the monitoring of the fishery under evaluation. So, both sources of information are related and are not contradictory. 2.2.2 Yes Yes wih a N/A SIe, the unwanted catch SI, is scored The team have reviewed the definition comment ‘not relevant’ and the text states “There and requirements GSA 3.1.6 and are no main secondary species and the GSA3.5.3 and recognize that the SI secondary minor species are not need to be scored. See scoring table managed. Therefore it is considered that 2.2.2. Final Report page 218 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) there is not unwanted catch.” However, whether a species is managed or not is irrelevant with respect to unwanted catch. Whilst the fishery would score 80 in any case, because there are no main secondary species, the SI should be scored. 2.2.3 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. 2.3.1 Yes Yes with a N/A In several places, the ETP species PIs Table 17 shows the species currently comment refer to corals (including setting a listed in CITES for the Chilean marine condition on PI 2.3.3), but it is not clear territory and their classification in IUCN from the scoring or introductory sections including corals. Most of main coral taxa what species these are or why they are are distributed in southern regions close considered to be ETP species. to the demersal crustacean fishery fishing areas. More information was provided to shown the potential for unobserved mortality on coral species. Final Report page 219 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 2.3.2 Yes Maybe No N/A With the comment on corals noted, We agree with the reviewer. The above, SIa is scored 100 (there is a assessment team had added more comprehensive strategy in place), but information in section 3.4 in relation to there is no mention of any measures for the modifications made on fishing gear to corals, and the report otherwise states in minimize the impact on the seabed the introduction that “ There has been affecting corals and the habitat. This little protection of marine and coastal modifications were considered as an areas up to now ”. alternative measures to protect corals, more information was added in the Given that there is a condition on PI rationale. 2.3.3 on corals, and therefore I presume that some coral species are considered The introductory text mentioned was to be ETP under the MSC’s definitions, used to contextualizing the fishery and is I’d expect some measures related to related with the defintion of MPAs. these ETP corals to be in place already in a fishery scoring 100 for SIa. 2.3.3 Yes Yes Yes Nothing to add No response required. Final Report page 220 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 2.4.1 No No No Scoring The SG80 requirement for SIb is that The team review the GSA3.13.4.1 and “The UoA is highly unlikely to reduce CR 3.13.4.1 and understand that the structure and function of the VME special consideration of serious and habitats to a point where there would be irreversible harm afforded to VMEs serious or irreversible harm”. derives from both their generally long recovery times and the special status The scoring text then highlights that afforded them in international and there is recent protection of seamounts customary law. The protection of in the Chile EEZ and the total ban of seamounts in Chile is recent and the trawl fisheries in their adjacent areas out information about the fishery impacts is to 3000m depth. scarce. The team considered that the fishery used the same fishing grounds It is possible that this alone will allow the for years in a limited geographical area fishery to meet the SG80, although CR of action in accordance with the 3.13.4.1 requires that, for VMEs, teams characteristics of the bottoms used for shall interpret “serious or irreversible trawling, and these apparently are not harm” as reductions in habitat structure near to seamounts. The assessment and function below 80% of the team used their judjement to say that the Final Report page 221 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) unimpacted level . However, there are UoA is highly unlikely to reduce structure historical cut-offs for impacts in relation and function of the VME habitats to when the VMEs were designated, because these fleet is not fishing on which is need to be considered – these these habitats. are explained further on the MSC interpretations log. However, the assessment team needs more evidences to SG 80 by confirming This guidance will need to be reviewed that the UoA is highly unlikely to reduce to understand if the fishery meets the structure and function of the VME SG80, here. At present, the scoring text habitats. doesn’t address the requirement fully. In relation to the condition we agree with the reviewer. The milestone is not Condition aligned with the description of the Irrespective of the scoring, the Condition condition. It was modified accordingly. as set does not address the wording of the SI. The year 1 milestone asks that the client “ identify what kind of data is necessary collect to clearly understand impacts for each habitat type and Final Report page 222 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) measure trends and support a full strategy to manage these impacts. ”This is not related to the SI, and there is no requirement in habitats to ‘measure trends’ or for a full strategy to be in place in any case. 2.4.2 Yes No No A condition is set on SId because VMS The team agree with the reviewer monitoring data associated with the comment and made the appropriate fishery “is no public, and don’t allows to corrections in the scoring table. The aim considering as quantitative evidence to of team was to point out the lack of show the compliance.” quantitative evidence to show the compliance and not the publication of the However, VMS data are very rarely VMS data. (ever?) publicly available in anything other than an aggregated format, and if there are confidentitality issues associated with the VMS data then it should have been possible for the team Final Report page 223 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) to cover that under either CR 4.3.3.3 or CR 4.3.4 (i.e., to see the data or rely on managers’ confirmation that UoC vessels were abiding by the closed area requirements, whilst keeping the actual data confidential). Either way, it is not essential to make the data public. Of course, if the UoC vessels aren’t abiding by the closed areas for VMEs then the fishery should almost certainly be scored down (PI 2.4.1, SIb!?), but, again, either way, it is not essential that the data are made public. 2.4.3 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. 2.5.1 Probably Probably N/A Table 3 in the CR v2.0 Full Assessment The team identify the hake as a key Reporting Template (Table 21 in the element in the marine Chilean benthic Final Report page 224 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) assessment report), requires teams to demersal marine ecosystem by their identify the P1 and P2 scoring elements trophic role. The hake was clasified as a which have been assessed. This has primary species, VMEs habitats and been done for target, primary and benthic demersal marine ecosystem secondary species, only. It can be were incorporated into the tables inferred that the ‘key’ ecosystem element was considered to be ‘hake’ from the scoring text, but confirmation of this, and even of what the ‘ecosystem’ is that is being considered, would greatly help to justify the 80 score. NB – this same comment on Table 21 applies to habitats and, to some extent, ETP species. 2.5.2 Probably Probably N/A Same comment as above with respect to As mentioned above the benthic what the ecosystem is, given that other demersal marine chilean ecosistem is bycatch species and VMEs are referred scored in this PI. The measures are Final Report page 225 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) to in scoring this PI. Essentially, it isn’t basically oriented to hake by their role as clear what the ecosystem is that the a key element in trophic web, and the management measures address impacts impact of the crustacean demersal on. Generally, though, with some fishery. The scoring table was reviewed. clarificaiton, I don’t disagreee that the fishery should score 80. 2.5.3 Possibly Possibly N/A The SIa text states simply that “Several More information was provided in the studies based on ecosystem modeling rationale to describe the recognized were able to identify the key elements of ecosystem key elements and support the ecosystems, food webs interactions, scoring. More references were added. biological diversity, community structures and primary production. Therefore SG 80 is met” But, SG80 requires that “ Information is adequate to broadly understand the key elements of the ecosystem .” So, which studies were they (they are not referenced), Final Report page 226 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) what was the ecosystem being considered, and what were identified as the key elements? More information here would greatly help answer all the other PI 2.5.1- 2.5.3 questions posed by this review. 3.1.1 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. 3.1.2 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. 3.1.3 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. 3.2.1 Yes Yes Yes, with a I agree fully with the scoring and the The CAB made a mistake in the comment Condition seems very appropriate. However, consultation section of the condition. All given the condition relates to the the conditions were consulted with the development of a management plan for the Entities that should be involved in the fishery that needs to include objectives Action Plan such as SERNAPESCA, relating to P2 components, it is extremely IFOP and SubPESCA. The letters are attached in Appendix 4. To avoid Final Report page 227 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) strange to accept a CAP that states “ We do misunderstanding the assessment team not need to request specific consult on the has redrafted the consultation section of implementation of this part of the client all the conditions. See Appendix 4. action plan, as this is based on internal actions. ” I would argue that the consultation with the management body responsible for drafting the plan was essential – what happens if it does not include explicit P2 objectives (noting that this outcome is apparently still a possibility, given that the report states: “ Explicit objectives in the management system addressing these issues should be part of the fishery Management Plan which is under development and not yet implemented .”) 3.2.2 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. Final Report page 228 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 3.2.3 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add (other than noting the report The CAB made a mistake in the encouragingly states “ SUBPESCA, consultation section of the condition. All SERNAPESCA and IFOP supports the Action the conditions were consulted with the plans of the client (Appendix 2) ” but there is Entities that should be involved in the no actual evidence of this.) Action Plan such as SERNAPESCA, IFOP and SubPESCA. The letters are attached in Appendix 4. To avoid misunderstanding the assessment team has redrafted the consultation section of all the conditions. See Appendix 4. 3.2.4 Yes Yes N/A Nothing to add No response required. Final Report page 229 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Optional: General Comments on the Peer Review Draft Report (including comments on the adequacy of the background information if necessary) can be added below and on additional pages • The introductory sections of the report would be much easier to read if a consistent naming system was used for the two target species. At times the two species are referred to as Cervimunida johni, C. johni, yellow squat lobster, yellow shrimp, Langostino amarillo, Pleuroncodes monodon, P. monodon, red squat lobster, and Langostino colorado. The formal binomial species name needs to be provided, once, but then using one common name exclusively for each species would be simpler. • I presume Table 9 and 10 reflect the landings by different companies as a percentage of the total landings for the two target species, but this should be clarified as it isn’t clear, currently. CAB response : The purpose of Tables 9 and 10 is showing the importance and historical participation of Camanchaca in the yellow shrimp and red shrimp fishery, holding a substantial percentage of the quotas established. • The description of the net design on P.14 mentions that the ‘opening’ of the traditional net varied is between 2.5 m and 3 m – I presume this was the vertical opening, but the footrope length or the distance between doors isn’t provided, so it isn’t clear what measurement the opening refers to? Just as importantly, there is no description of the new, mandatory gear – a description, together with details of the dimensions and weights of the gear components (footrope type and length, door type and weight, presence/absence of rockhopper discs, etc…), would be very useful information with which to assess potential impacts of the gear on habitats. CAB response : a full description of the gear was added in Section 3.4 including all the technical specifications of the new gear. • Figures 14 and 35 in particular are very hard to make sense of as the individual years are so small. If it is worth including these figures at all, then it would be worth making them larger in order that they can be interpreted. • Figures 21, 31 and 34 appear to be reproductions of fairly poor photocopies – can this be improved as they are very difficult to read and interpret at present? CAB response : We agree that these three figures are poor reproductions. For Figures 21 and 31, they are the best available figures at the current time until the full detailed stock assessment report is published. The key point from Figure 21 is that the estimate of biomass in 2015 is well below Bmsy. See above comments under PI 1.1.1 in relation to Figure 31 . In relation to Figure 34 it was replaced by another which describes the spatial distribution of larval stages of the squat lobster P. The text above the figure includes the reference and a summary ot the study. • From reading the report, it is not clear that the northern and southern zones are clearly considered to represent separate stocks for each of the two target species, but I assume this is correct. In any case, although the northern zone areas are not included in the UoA, the introductory sections include some specific discussion on them (e.g., Figure 12, Figure 23 and associated text), which appears to be unnecessary and is to some extent confusing. In essence, apart from a brief explanatory note of their existence and why the northern zone stocks are not part of the UoA, any further discussion could/should be deleted CAB response : It is assumed that there are two stocks of both red and yellow squat lobsters, one in the northern zone and one in the southern zone. A comment to that effect has been included in the text. This assessment includes only the southern zone fishery, but occasional reference is made to the northern zone fishery when there is information available that may be relevant to the southern Final Report page 230 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY zone, e.g. biological data. In addition, figures for historical landings and CPUE for both southern and northern zone fisheries have been included to emphasise that stock trends are not the same in the two zones, which is one of the reasons why the stocks are assessed separately. The text has been modified accordingly, including some deletions of text. • The Harmonised fishery assessment states simply that “ Since the announcement of the fishery the Acoura CAB was contacted by email. It was agreed that the P1 team member, whom is also team leader of the Coquimbo fishery, would be used for both assessments and that this would aid harmonisation. Further harmonization discussions took place mainly at the scoring stage of the Camanchaca fishery. It is important to notice that the fisheries are using different versions of the Standard. Therefore, several Performance Indicators of the assessment trees are different leading to slightly different scores and rationales. ” However, how harmonized are the scores, what are the differences, and why are there differences if they do exist? CAB respond: The assessment team reviewed Coquimbo scores before the final score meeting. The harmozanization was fully done for Principle 1 indicators. However, please take into account that the Camanchaca fishery only includes industrial fleet. Therefore there are some indicators for example in Principle 3 were it was not possible to harmonized. In addition, Coquimbo fishery used Version 1.3 while Camanchaca fishery was assessed with Version 2.0. In addition, more information was added in the Harmonization Section. • In the traceability section, the report notes that there isn’t any risk of mixing between certified and non-certified catch during transhipment because transhipment does not occur. I would suggest that ‘does not’ and ‘cannot’ are two different things, and that more justification is needed, here, as to how risks of mixing associated with transshipment are addressed given that there are other vessels outside the client group that participate in the fishery. CAB response: To clarify, the assessment team considers that the transhipment cannot occured. Camanchaca has a code of conduct and responsible fishery where they include the following protocol in case of force majeure about tranship fishing to another vessel: 1. The captain must request authorization from Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A. 2. Camanchaca must verify if the origin of the vessel and the catch has all the legal authorizations for its capture and transport. 3. Camanchaca Pesca Sur S.A shall inform the Maritime Authority and the National Fisheries Service of the maneuver to be carried out. 4. The skipper must declare the location of the catches trashiped within the hold by means of the stowage document that must be filled in all fishing trips indicating the location of the catch per haul in the ship's hold. 5. During the download process, the catch must be clearly identified. The information was also added in the section accordingly. • Also in the traceability section, it is not entirely clear to me where CoC will need to start – it is stated that “ the fish could be assigned the logo at the first point after unloading, i.e. the processing company ” and “ Chain of Custody should commence following the first point of landing ”, but also “ Camanchaca will require its own chain of custody certificate at the moment the product enter to their facilities ”, which as I understand it could be after the first point of unloading? CAB response: The assessment team recognise the information was not clear. We have reviewed and clarified that point. To clarify, the chain of custody will start in Camanchaca processing plant. Final Report page 231 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Therefore, the logo will be used at the moment the company is certified in the Standar MSC Chain of Custody. Final Report page 232 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY PEER REVIEWER 2 Summary of Peer Reviewer Opinion Has the assessment team arrived at an YES CAB Response appropriate conclusion based on the evidence presented in the assessment report? Justification: The assessment team has include more The Draft Report states the following : “ Both the information in ecosystem in the general assessment team and the Certification Body, Bureau part of the document and the PI Tables. Veritas, agreed that, on review, the Chile squat lobsters Camanchaca demersal trawl fishery complies with MSC Principles and Criteria and should be certified as a, “Well Managed and Sustainable Fishery .” The peer reviewer supports this conclusion, but according to the evidence presented in the report and the final score given to Principle 2, the current performance of the squat lobsters fishery in regard to the ecosystem components should improve. Do you think the client action plan is sufficient CAB Response to close the conditions raised? ? [Reference FCR 7.11.2-7.11.3 and sub-clauses] Justification: The CAB made a mistake in the The next paragraph is in addition to the above comment. consultation section of the condition. All Contrary to the client’s opinión (see Consultation on the conditions were consulted with the condition: “ We do not need to request specific consult on the Entities that should be involved in the implementation of this part of the client action plan, as this is Action Plan such as SERNAPESCA, based on internal actions”.) to achieve most of the IFOP and SubPESCA. The letters are conditions, IFOP’ s involvement (or other research attached in Appendix 4. To avoid agency) is absolutely necessary. In the case of others misunderstanding the assessment team has redrafted the consultation section of conditions their successful achievement rely upon the all the conditions. See Appendix 4. decision of “third parties” (e.g. sectoral authorities). On the other hand, no documents or appendices are included in the Draft Report showing the commitment of research agencies, sectoral authorities, etc , to collaborate with the Client Action Plan . Final Report page 233 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Do you think the condition(s) raised are CAB Response appropriately written to achieve the SG80 YES outcome within the specified timeframe? [Reference: FCR 7.11.1 and sub-clauses] Justification: We agree with the reviewer. The client In general, conditions and milestones are appropriately Action Plan for the third year was written and precisely defined. However, the annual modified to specify the short and long audits proposed in the Client Action Plan not always term objectives as it is set in the parallel the milestones and in some cases are not rationale. clearly expressed. For instance, in Condition N° 6 (PI.3.2.1), the third annual audit (Milestone) states: “ ……. the client must provide the CAB with documental evidence that the P2 short and long-term objectives are explicitly indicated in the yellow squat lobster and red squat lobster fisheries management plan ,……”, but the third audit presented in the Client Action Plan states: “…….. will show there is a short and medium-term action plan through the relevant organisations relating to principle 2, which will be actioned responsibly, with the results analysed in order to present any relevant modifications “ Final Report page 234 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 1.1.1 YES YES YES ( raised ------No response required. only to UoA 1) 1.1.2 (UoA YES YES NA ( Only a ------No response required. 1) recommendatio n was raised) 1.2.1 YES YES NA ------No response required. 1.2.2 YES NO NA SI c) The assessment team gives a The assessment team confirms that the score of 100 for this scoring issue, but SG100 is met for PI 1.2.2, but accepts the rationale to support this score is not that such a score is not reflected in the convincing. Actually, the justification rationale. The rationale has been (“ Annual assessments of the status of the stocks modified to justify the score of 100. provide evidence that the management tools in place are appropriate to the fisheries for both red and yellow squat lobsters and appear to have been effective in controlling the lev el of exploitation ”) fits closely with the score of 80. Final Report page 235 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 1.2.3 YES YES YES ------No response required. 1.2.4 YES YES NA (Only a ------No response required. recommendatio n was raised) 2.1.1 YES YES NA Please see General Comments (2) We agree with the reviewer comment. The team modified the scoring text rectifying the error. 2.1.2 YES YES NA Please see General Comments (2 and 3) We have reviewed the definitions and requirements (GSA 3.1.6 and GSA3.5.3) and the team has reconsidered and scored the PI 2.1.2. 2.1.3 YES YES NA ------No response required. 2.2.1 YES YES NA ------No response required. Final Report page 236 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 2.2.2 YES NO NA Both for UoA 1 and UoA 2 the list of We agree with the reviewer. It was an secondary (minor) species includes 3 incorrect understanding from the assessment sharks (hooktooth dogfish, granular tea. According to SA 3.8.2, scoring issue d) dogfish and birdbeak dogfish) so, should have been scored. The assessment according to SA 3.8.2, scoring issue d) have provided the rationale to score SId. should have been scored. If the team decided not to score this issue, a justification should be provided. Please also see General Comments (3) 2.2.3 YES YES NA ------No response required. 2.3.1 YES YES NA ------No response required. 2.3.2 YES YES NA ------No response required. 2.3.3 YES YES YES No response required. Final Report page 237 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 2.4.1 NO NO YES SI a) The assessment team states that The assessment team have reviewed Condition refers there is no specific research on the and added more information. See to VME’s. possible impact of these fisheries on the evaluation Table. Nevertheless,th seabed habitats, and no information is e activities provided to support the given score (80). proposed by the fourth audit (Client Plan) are not clear enough and do not conform with the milestones 2.4.2 YES YES YES ------No response required. Final Report page 238 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 2.4.3 YES NO NA SI b) The information provided in the We agree with the reviewer. The justification for this scoring issue does assessment has modified the scoring not support the given score (80). Instead, Table. arguments presented are contrary to the score of 80 (“.… but don’t allow to detect the main impacts of the UoA on the main habitats neither the spatial extent of interaction and on the timing and location of use of the fishing gear . “ ) . SI c) The justification provided for this scoring issue does not respond to the specific matter posed by this issue. Final Report page 239 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 2.5.1 YES NO NA SI a) No enough information is provided More information was provided in the (or available) to support the given score rationale to describe the recognized (80). Instead, arguments presented are ecosystem key elements and suport the contrary to the score of 80 (“…. and is no scoring. evidence that the UoA is highly unlikely to disrupt the key elements underlying ecosystem structure and function…..” ) 2.5.2 YES YES NA ------No response required. Final Report page 240 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 2.5.3 NO NO NA SI b) The assessment team gives a More information was provided in the score of 100 to this issue, but only rationale to describe the recognized general information is provided, which ecosystem key elements and suport the does not support the text of the scoring. guidepost ( “…. have been investigated in detail” ) Note that the guidepost 100 refers to all main interactions, unlike the guidepost 80 (“….. some have been investigated in detail ”) SI e) The assessment team gives a score of 100 to this issue, but only general information is provided, which does not support the intent of the guidepost 3.1.1 YES YES NA ------No response required. 3.1.2 YES YES NA ------No response required. Final Report page 241 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Performance Has all Does the Will the Justification CAB Response Indicator available information condition(s) Please support your answers by referring to relevant and/or rationale raised improve specific scoring issues and any relevant documentation where possible. Please information used to score this the fishery’s attach additional pages if necessary. been used to Indicator support performance to score this the given score? the SG80 level? Note: Justification to support your answers is Indicator? (Yes/No) (Yes/No/NA) only required where answers given are ‘No’. (Yes/No) 3.1.3 YES YES NA ------No response required. 3.2.1 YES YES YES Please see General Comments (4) Comment 4 does not correspond with PI 3.2.1. However the modification was made in the correct PI. 3.2.2 YES YES NA Please see General Comments (5) See answer in the comment section. 3.2.3 YES YES YES Please see General Comments (6) See answer in the comment section. 3.2.4 YES YES NA ------No response required. Final Report page 242 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Optional: General Comments on the Peer Review Draft Report (including comments on the adequacy of the background information if necessary) can be added below and on additional pages 1. It would have been desirable that the Report had a sheet of Content, linked to the different pages, to facilitate the revision. 2. The next issue needs to be clarified : When assessing the UoA 2 ( yellow squat lobster) in PI 2.1.1, the red squat lobster is considered as minor primary species (see page 111), but in PI 2.1.2 the red squat lobster is classified as main primary species (see page 113) CAB response : We agree with the reviewer comment. The team modified the scoring text for rectifying the error. 3. The peer reviewer does not agree with the statement of the assessment team included in PI 2.1.2, scoring issue e) and PI 2.2.2 scoring issue e): “ Therefore it is considered that there is not unwanted catch “. Actually (although in most cases negligible) there exists unwanted catch and the reviewer invites the team to have a look at GSA 3.1.6. and GSA 3.5.3, or otherwise to provide a more clear explanation/rationale for this conclusion . CAB response : The team have reviewed the definitions and requirements (GSA 3.1.6 and GSA3.5.3) and has reconsidered and scored the mentioned PIs. 4. In the justification of SI a), the assessment team should correct the proxy of Bmsy 5. Although this peer reviewer agree with the score given to SI d)(80), the rationale to state that SG 100 is not met is not appropriate, since the core issue of this Guidepost is associated to the Formal reporting to all interested stakeholders ( as part of an instituted management procedure) and not to the lack of some specific information. 6. Time frame for Condition N° 7 (PI 3.2.3) should be checked ( 3 or 4 years ?). CAB response : In relation to comment 5 the modification was done in Table 3.2.2. The condition was reviewed and changed in accordance. The time frame is 4 years. Final Report page 243 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Final Report page 244 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Appendix 3 Stakeholder submissions MSC Technical Oversight Main Sub Page Grade Req uiremen Oversight Description PI CABComment ID ID Ref. t Version 21041 25803 9,15 Minor FCR-7.4.7 The list of vessels proposed to be part of To clarify: v2.0 the UoA Table 1 corresponds to vessels (UoC + eligible, 11 in total), does not owned by Camanchaca Pesca correspond to Sur S.A. those listed as landing squat lobsters in Table 2 corresponds to other table 7 and 8 eligible fishers that were assessed (14 in total). There are 3 additional vessels as part of the UoA. in one table and it is unclear whether the vessels are demersal trawlers targeting Table 7 and Table 8 includes all squat lobster, and therefore to be the vessels which operated in considered as part of the UoA. Chile fishing red and yellow squad lobster in Region V-VIII. Not all the vessels included in the table are part of the UoA. The information given consist in an Final Report page 245 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY overview of the Chilean fisheries. 21041 25804 Guidance There seem to be some inconsistences The tables were reviewed and related to the corrected. values for TACs/Catch of the UoA/UoCs. • According to table 3 (TAC and Catch To clarify from Table 3: Data for UoA1), the catch of the UoC UoA= 3 vessel owned by (4829 t) in the most recent year Camanchaca (3,031.168t) + other (2015) would be greater than the UoC eligible (1,785.11 t) = 4,829.179 t share of the TAC (3031 t). Is that correct?. Moreover, the table states that the value To clarify from Table 4: for the catch of the UoC is the same as the UoA= 3 vessel owned by UoA share of TAC (4829 t) Camanchaca (622.971 t) + other • According to table 4 (TAC and Catch eligible (485.779 t) = 1,108.75 t Data for UoA2), the UoC share of the TAC is greater than share of the UoA; the values for the TAC and catch of the UoC are the same (1109) . 21041 25805 Guidance FCR-7.15.3 The report does not include page numbers The number of pages were v2.0 as presented in the “MSC Full Assessment hidden. Reporting Template”. Although this is not a critical issue, including page numbers would facilitate the reading and revision of the document. 21041 25806 154 Major FCR-7.10.6.1 The rationale does not support the score 2.4.2 The assessment team agrees v2.0 for scoring issue (a). No details are given with the MSC. The rationale was on what elements of management modified explaining the measures constitute 'measures' at the SG60 and a in place according to SA3.14.2.2 'partial strategy' at the SG80, particularly and SA3.14.2.3. in regards to VMEs and whether or not the team considered SA3.14.2.2 and Final Report page 246 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY SA3.14.2.3. 21041 25807 156 Major FCR-7.10.6.2 Rationale supports the first part of scoring 2.4.3 The assessment team agrees v2.0 issue (b): that information is adequate to and completed the rationale to allow for identification of the main habitats. support the second part of scoring However, there is no rationale that issue PI 2.4.3. confirms reliable information on the spatial extent of interaction nor the timing and location of use of the fishing gear. 21041 25808 86, 88 Minor FCR_7.12.1. The narrative in section 5.2 describing the The person in charge of 2 v2.0 legislative framework is helpful to provide traceability has re-written section context. However, it does not cover a 5.2 including the description and description or evaluation of the records in examples of the records to track place to track and trace certified product and trace the certified product back to the UoC. (Figures 41, 42, 43). Table 22 explains that "if an alternative The comment referred by the ship-owner to those with certification takes MSC in relation to Table 22 was part in the auctions and is awarded an redrafted because the sentence extra batch, it is very easy to identify did not express properly the whether the vessel is on the select list if information. The fish is not bought Camanchaca Pesca Sur buys that catch". in an auction point. Camanchaca There is no explanation of why this is signs an agreement with the easy, or what records show which vessel eligible vessels before they start the batch came from. fishing. The agreement is communicated to the It is essential to understand how certified Subsecretary. After the product will be linked to the UoA for this communication Sernapesca fishery, given the risk of Camanchaca transfers Camanchaca quota to buying non-certified product at auction - the eligible vessel. A certificate is for example, from the vessels not in the issued with the quota transferred Final Report page 247 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY UoA listed in tables 7 and 8 (Bracpesca, to be used by the vessels chosen. Pesqueria Quintero, etc). Figure 44. 21041 25809 87, Minor FCR_7.12.2. The report states that "chain of custody The assessment team agrees 88, 89 1.b v2.0 will commence at the entrance to the with the MSC. We have modified processing plant following the first point of section 5.3 in accordance. unloading". Tomé and San Antonio are not The default in the FCR v2.0 is for CoC to auction points there are harbours begin at change of ownership. Given the where the fish is unloaded. vertical integration of Camanchaca, it Section 5.2 includes the makes sense for CoC to begin before description and examples of the change in ownership. records to track and trace the certified product (Figures 41, 42, However, the rationale for the "entrance to 43). the processing plant" is not provided and requires further explanation. It implies that traceability up until the entrance to all processing plants has been evaluated, although there is little evidence of this in the report. This means that the unloading points at Tome and San Antonio, auctions, and other intermediaries have been evaluated for traceability, but there is only a description of sealed containers in subcontracted transport by Camanchaca. Final Report page 248 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY 21041 25810 10, Guidance FCR_7.12.2. It is clear that the companies listed in The owner of the certified fish will 88, 89 1 v2.0 section 5.3.1 have vessels in the UoA that always be Camanchaca. The intend to sell certified product to client sign a contract with the Camanchaca. eligible vessel before the vessel start fishing and communicates The eligible companies/vessels listed in the information to the Authorities. section 5.3.1 and table 2 (currently UoA) After the communication should become part of the UoC once the Sernapesca transfers certificate sharing agreement has been Camanchaca quota to the eligible signed by them. Until they have been vessel. A certificate is issued included in the UoC, they cannot sell with the quota transferred to be certified product to Camanchaca. used by the vessels chosen. The quota and therefore the ownership It is not clear whether Camanchaca has of the fish will always be exclusive rights to sell this product as Camanchaca. Figure 44. MSC. In other words, can the eligible companies (once part of the UoC) sell The spelling mistake was their catch as MSC, or only if they sell to corrected. Camanchaca? There is a typo on page 89, "Jorge Jofre Reyes", which should be Jorge Cofre Reyes as per tables 7 and 8? Final Report page 249 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY 21041 25816 87, 88 Guidance FCR_7.12.1. There is no recognition in table 22 of the The assessment team did not 4 v2.0 risks below and how they are being include the information referred by mitigated: the MSC in Table 22 because it was not requested. 1. Whether the vessels in the UoC/UoA In relation to other species caught are catching target species not included in by the UoC/UoA the information is the UoC explained in Principle 2. During the fishing activity they need to 2. Non-certified bycatch/retained species record the species caught and that could be misidentified as yellow squat record them in the logbook. At the lobster and red lobster moment of landing the inspectors review 100% of the species load the same as for target species. The MSC CoC at the entrance of the production site will also guarantee there is not missing between species. Final Report page 250 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Appendix 4 Surveillance Frequency Table 4.1 : Surveillance level rationale Year Surveillance Number of Rationale activity auditors 1,2 On-site audit 2 auditor on-site Seven conditions of certification have been identified . Therefore the assessment team second year 1 considered necessary to carry out interviews with auditor on site and several stakeholders and review the information 1 remote on-site. In ddition, the milestones of several conditions cannot be adequately assess off-site. 3 Off-site 2 auditors off-site If the client moved forward with the conditions the information needed can be provided remotely. 4 On-site 2 auditor on-site Re-assessment. Table 4.2: Timing of surveillance audit Year Anniversary date Proposed date of Rationale of certificate surveillance audit 1 February 2018 May 2018 The reasons to perform the surveillance audits in May are: 2 February 2019 May 2019 • There is a closing season from 1 st January 3 February 2020 May 2020 to 28 th February. Therefore the fishery starts 4 February 2021 May 2021 in the month of March. 5 February 2022 February 2022 • The recruitment of personnel and training is done at the end of February • The results of the stock assessment and determination of the quota is done in October. Therefore, the client will have all the information about the status of the resource. • January and February are summer holidays therefore the availability of personnel from official Institutions will be low. Table 4.3: Fishery Surveillance Program Surveillance Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Level Level 5 On-site On-site Off-site On-site surveillance audit surveillance audit surveillance audit surveillance audit & re-certification site visit Final Report page 251 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Appendix 5 Support for Client Action Plan Appendix 5.1 Support from SUBPESCA In response to the request by letter I inform you that this under secretariat raises no objections to the action plan submitted by your organization for access to the Certification of Sustainability under the MSC Standard of the Red Squat Lobster and Yellow Squat Lobster fishery from Region V and VIII.” Final Report page 252 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Appendix 5.2 Support from SERNAPESCA Translation: “I’m writing in relation to your earlier correspondence requesting support for the Client Action Plan for the certification program of your demersal crustaceans fishery untaken by your organisation through the MSC. I need to communicate to you that Sernapesca values this initiative of certification of sustainability and, as a result, gives it’s support to the development of the certification and client action plan to which the fishery has committed with the result of a sustainable fishery. In particular, in relation to monitoring and control of the fishery indicated in the Client Action Plan, I need to communicate that Sernapesca is available to work with your organisation in developing more effective, transparent and efficient surveillance procedures.” Final Report page 253 January 2017 CHILE SQUAT LOBSTERS CAMANCHACA DEMERSAL FISHERY Appendix 4.3 Support from IFOP “In response to your letter requesting the opinion of this research institute about the "action plan for fisheries: yellow squat lobster, red squat lobser", I'm pleased to inform you of our agreement with the plan defined for the next four years. Along with this, we indicate our availability to support this important initiative by your organization, for which we expect an meeting soon with those identified to support you in matters that are our institutional activities.” Final Report page 254 January 2017