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Cingulopsidae (Gastropoda: Proso- Branchia: Cingulopsoidea) En Las Costas Españo- Las, Con La Descripción De Una Nueva Especie

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Cingulopsidae (Gastropoda: Proso- Branchia: Cingulopsoidea) En Las Costas Españo- Las, Con La Descripción De Una Nueva Especie IBERUS, 13 (2): 23-33, 1995 La familia Cingulopsidae (Gastropoda: Proso- branchia: Cingulopsoidea) en las costas españo- las, con la descripción de una nueva especie The family Cingulopsidae (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Cingulopsoidea) from Spanish coasts, with the descrip- tion of a new species Federico RUBIO y Celso RODRÍGUEZ BABÍO RESUMEN Se estudian cuatro especies de la familia Cingulopsidae de las costas españolas. Se ilustra y describe por vez primera la morfología externa del animal y se describe la rádula de las especies pertenecientes al género Eatonina, incluyendo la de Eatonina (Coriandria) vermeuleni Moolenbeek, 1986 del Archipiélago de Cabo Verde, discutiendo los caracteres diferenciales que permiten diferenciar las especies de los géneros Eato- nina y Tubbreva. Se describe Eatonina (Eatonina) matildae spec. nov., procedente de Tarifa. ABSTRACT Four species belonging to the family Cingulopsidae from Spain are studied; the external morphology of the animal is drawing and described for the first time together with the radulae of the Eatonina species including that of Eatonina (Coriandria) vermeuleni Moo- lenbeek, 1986 from the Cape Verde Archipelago. The differential characters between the genera Eatonina and Tubbreva are discussed. Eatonina (Eatonina) matildae spec. nov. from Tarifa is described. PALABRAS CLAVE: Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Cingulopsidae, Eatonina, Tubbreva, España. KEY WORDS: Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Cingulopsidae, Eatonina, Tubbreva, Spain. INTRODUCCIÓN Los cingulópsidos son diminutos tura del opérculo y por los caracteres gasterópodos marinos con concha de radulares y anatómicos. globosa a pupoide, lisa, apenas umbili- PONDER Y YOO (1980) realizaron una cada y con el ápice romo. Aunque revisión genérica de la familia, en la que poseen conchas similares a las de consideran los caracteres radulares como algunas especies pequeñas de Rissoidae elemento fundamental para el correcto y Barleeidae, los cingulópsidos pueden emplazamiento genérico y subgenérico diferenciarse claramente por la estruc- de las distintas especies, dada la simili- Departamento de Zoología. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad de Valencia. Dr. Moliner, 50. 46100 Burjasot, Valencia. 23 IBERUS, 13 (2), 1995 tud existente en los opérculos, morfolo- rádula, el opérculo, el hábitat y la distri- gía externa del animal y la gran variabili- bución geográfica de las especies de cin- dad cromática de algunas especies. gulópsidos encontradas, describiéndose Como resultado, la familia quedó con- además una nueva especie. formada por cuatro géneros: Eatonina Thiele, 1912; Eatoniopsis Thiele, 1912; Tubbreva Ponder, 1965 y Pseudopisinna MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Ponder y Yoo, 1980, y nueve subgéneros. AMATI (1986) y VERDUIN (1988) revi- La mayor parte de los ejemplares san los cingulópsidos europeos basán- estudiados fueron recogidos vivos entre dose en la morfología de la concha, y los 1990 y 1995 por el primero de los autores, agrupan en el género Eatonina, subgé- en algas recogidas mediante buceo a nero Coriandria. pulmón libre entre 0 y 6 metros de pro- PONDER (1989), tras revisar la rádula fundidad, o bien mediante lavado de y el opérculo de tres especies mediterrá- algas y cepillado de piedras durante la neas, concluye que deben agruparse bajo marea baja. Los muestreos se realizaron tres taxones genéricos y subgenéricos: en Denia (Alicante) entre febrero y junio Eatonina (Eatonina), Eatonina (Coriandria) de 1994; Los Escullos (Almería), en y Tubbreva. octubre de 1990; Punta Ladrones ROLÁNYTEMPLADO (1993), después (Málaga), en junio de 1993; San García de estudiar la rádula, incluyen Eatonina (Bahía de Algeciras), en junio de 1993 y vermeuleni Moolenbeek, 1986 en el sub- abril de 1994; y Tarifa (Cádiz), en abril de género Coriandria, en lugar de en Eato- 1994 y 1995. El material procedente de nina s.s., donde PONDER (1989) la había Islas Columbretes, se obtubo durante la emplazado provisionalmente, basán- campaña de estudio del bentos realizada dose en el cromatismo de la concha. por la embarcación Alcyone durante los En la actualidad, la familia Cingulop- meses de Junio y Julio de 1978. El mate- sidae está representada en el Mediterrá- rial procedente de la Ría de Vigo ha sido neo y Atlántico NE por nueve especies recolectado por el Dr. Emilio Rolán y que se agrupan en tres taxones genéricos cedido para su estudio. y subgenéricos. Eatonina (Eatonina) ochro- Una parte del material se separó leuca (Brusina, 1869), Eatonina (Corian- para su observación en vivo al estereo- dria) cossurae (Calcara, 1841), E. (C.) microscopio y el resto fue relajado en fulgida (J. Adams, 1797), E. (C.) pumila cloruro magnésico y posteriormente (Monterosato, 1884), E. (C.) globulina fijado en formaldehído en solución tam- (Monterosato, 1884), E. (?) celata (Monte- ponada al 10%. Las observaciones con- rosato, 1884), y Tubbreva micrometrica quiliológicas y radulares se efectuaron (Seguenza in Aradas y Benoit, 1876), utilizando microscopía electrónica de viven en el Mediterráneo y costa atlán- barrido. tica europea, mientras que E. (C.) ver- meuleni Moolenbeek, 1986 y E. (?) martae Rolán y Templado, 1993 sólo se conocen RESULTADOS del Archipiélago de Cabo Verde. Respecto a las costas españolas, tan Se han encontrado cuatro especies solo existen algunas citas de E. (C.) fulgida de cingulópsidos en las costas españo- (ROLÁN, 1983; AARTSEN, MENKHORST Y las, de las que tres (E. (C.) fulgida, E. (C.) GITTENBERGER, 1984; BALLESTEROS, BARRA- pumila y T. micrometrica), eran conocidas JÓN, LUQUE, MORENO, TALAVERA Y TEM- y una cuarta se describe como nueva PLADO, 1986 y LUQUE, 1986) y Tubbreva para la ciencia. micrometrica (LUQUE Y TEMPLADO, 1981). En nuestra opinión, las restantes espe- En el presente trabajo se estudian las cies europeas no se encuentran realmente especies de Cingulopsidae de las costas en nuestras costas. Esta afirmación está españolas; se ilustra y describe por vez basada en que los muestreos realizados primera el animal, y se describén la han sido suficientemente amplios. 24 RUBIO Y RODRÍGUEZ BABÍO: Cingulopsidae de las costas españolas Familia CINGULOPSIDAE Fretter y Patil, 1958 Género Eatonina Thiele, 1912 Subgénero Coriandria Tomlin, 1917 Concha generalmente de un solo bastante largas, en ocasiones una cuarta color, a veces con bandas oscuras. cúspide presente. Dientes marginales ex- Diente central de la rádula sin dentí- ternos con alrededor de cuatro cúspides. culos sobre su superficie interna y, típi- Aunque Eatonina (Coriandria) vermeu- camente, con un par de cúspides sobre leni (Fig. 8) del Archipiélago de Cabo su área cortante. Dientes laterales por lo Verde posee una concha moteada (Fig. 4B) general con el borde superior uniforme- y su diente central es similar en forma a mente convexo y alrededor de cuatro los del subgénero Eatonina s.s., la presen- cúspides casi iguales y un débil dentí- cia de un dentículo sobre la superficie culo sobre su superficie interna. Dientes interna de los dientes laterales confirma marginales internos con tres cúspides su pertenencia al subgénero Coriandria.. Eatonina (Coriandria) fulgida (J. Adams, 1797) (Figs. 1A-E, 11, 12, 13 y 14) Material examinado: Los Escullos (Almería): 14 ejemplares; Punta Ladrones (Málaga): 5 ejem- plares; San García (Bahía Algeciras) (36° 06’ 30” N, 5° 26’ 45” E): 138 ejemplares a -0, 5 m sobre Corallina sp. y Halopteris scoparia; Tarifa (36° 00’ 28” N, 5° 35’ 50” E): 145 ejemplares entre -0, 5 y 2 m sobre Corallina sp. y Halopteris sp.; Ría de Vigo: 12 ejemplares en Cabo Estai (Baiona) y 10 en Punta Arroas. Descripción: Se trata de la especie Vigo) (Fig. 1A), predominando en este europea con concha más polimorfa (Figs. caso el color de fondo. 1A-E). El mayor ejemplar estudiado Rádula típica del subgénero, idén- mide 0,886 mm de altura y 0,732 mm de tica a la de E. (C.) pumila. anchura. El número de vueltas de la pro- El animal es de color blanco amari- toconcha varía tanto entre individuos de llento uniforme. Los tentáculos cefálicos poblaciones distintas como entre indivi- son simples, cortos y no ciliados, con los duos de una misma población, oscilando ojos en su base y el morro es bilobulado. entre 1 y 1 1/2 vueltas de espira (Figs. 12 El pie tiene la suela diferenciada en dos y 14) con un diámetro máximo obser- partes: una propodial, en cuyo extremo vado de 311 µm. También varía la conve- distal se sitúa la glándula pedia anterior xidad de las vueltas de espira. Las y otra metapodial, en la que se sitúa la mayores diferencias entre poblaciones se glándula pedia posterior. Lóbulos oper- encuentran en la coloración; aunque culares carnosos. No hay tentáculos me- existe un patrón básico en el número de tapodiales ni paleales. bandas, la mayor variación se observa en la amplitud e intensidad de las mismas. Distribución geográfica: Desde el Suele coincidir en intensidad el color de Mar del Norte, a lo largo de la costa las primeras vueltas de espira con el de atlántica europea, Mediterráneo y las la banda central, y el de la banda subsu- Islas Canarias. En las costas españolas se tural con el de la zona umbilical y labio ha encontrado en Cabo de Palos, Los interno. Aun así, y manteniendo dicho Escullos (Cabo de Gata), Fuengirola patrón básico, existen poblaciones con la (Málaga), Bahía de Algeciras, Tarifa, Ría concha prácticamente de un solo color de Vigo, Asturias y País Vasco. (Baiona, parte externa de la Ría de Vigo) (Fig. 1B), con la banda central muy ancha Biología: Se trata de una especie (San García - Tarifa) (Figs. 1C-E) y otras infralitoral, que vive sobre algas (Cora- donde la banda central queda reducida a llina sp., Halopteris scoparia, Cystoseira sp., una línea (parte interna de la Ría de etc), a profundidades comprendidas 25 IBERUS, 13 (2), 1995 A B D C E Figura 1. Eatonina (Coriandria) fulgida. A: Punta Arroas (Ría de Vigo); B: Cabo Estai, Baiona (Ría de Vigo); C: San García (Bahía de Algeciras); D, E: Tarifa. Escalas: 333 µm. Figure 1. Eatonina (Coriandria) fulgida. A: Punta Arroas (Ría de Vigo); B: Cabo Estai, Baio- na (Ría de Vigo); C: San García (Bahía de Algeciras); D, E: Tarifa.
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