ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ـ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ دورة 4، ﺷﻤﺎرة 1، ﺑﻬﺎر 1394، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ 115 - 118

ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر رادوﻻ در دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﮑﻢﭘﺎي ﺧﻠﯿﺞﻓﺎرس، persicus () و Cypraeidae) Mauritia grayana)

3 *2 1 ﻣﯿﻨﺎ ﻋﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﻮر ، ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺳﯿﻒ آﺑﺎدي ، ﺑﻬﻨﺎم دﻗﻮﻗﯽ

1- ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ارﺷﺪ، زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ درﯾﺎ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم درﯾﺎﯾﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪرس، ﻧﻮر 2- داﻧﺸﯿﺎر، زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ درﯾﺎ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﻋﻠﻮم درﯾﺎﯾﯽ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﯿﺖ ﻣﺪرس، ﻧﻮر 3- ﻣﺮﺑﯽ، زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ درﯾﺎ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه اﮐﻮﻟﻮژي ﺧﻠﯿﺞ ﻓﺎرس و درﯾﺎي ﻋﻤﺎن، ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس

ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ:1/5/93 ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش:94/1/24

* ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ: [email protected]

رادوﻻ اﻧﺪاﻣﯽ وﯾﮋه از ﺿﻤﺎﺋﻢ ﮔﻮارﺷﯽ ﻧﺮمﺗﻨﺎن، ﺑـﻪ اﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎي ﻫﻤﭽﻨــﯿﻦ ﻧﻘــﺶ ﻣﻬــﻢ آن در ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻢ ﮔــﻮارش ﻧــﺮم ﺗﻨــﺎن دو ﮐﻔﻪ ايﻫﺎ را ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽدﻫـﺪ (Mclean, 2011) (Akşit and Mutaf, 2009)، ﻣﺎ را ﺑﺮآن داﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ درﺑﺎرة اﯾـﻦ ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺿـﻤﺎﺋﻢ ﺗﺸـﮑﯿﻞ دﻫﻨـﺪه ﺣﻔـﺮ ة دﻫـﺎﻧﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿـﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺑـﺮ روي ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي اﯾـﺮان ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽــﻪﻫــﺎي ﻣﺘﻌــﺪد و ادوﻧﺘﻮﻓــﻮر، ﺳــﺒﺐ اﯾﺠــﺎد ﺟﺮﯾــﺎن ﺑﭙﺮدازﯾﻢ. در اﯾـﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ Conomurex persicus از ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮي از ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ رﯾﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺣﻠﻖ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ( Linse ﺧـــﺎﻧﻮاده Strombidae و ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ Mauritia grayana از et al., 2006). ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺣﻔﺮة دﻫﺎﻧﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺮمﺗﻨـﺎن ﺧــﺎﻧﻮاده Cypraeidae (ﺷــﮑﻞ 1)، ﺑــﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿــﺐ از ﺳــﻮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت و ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎدات ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ آﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ، اﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻨﺪرﻟﻨﮕﻪ و ﺟﺰﯾﺮه ﻻرك ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﻣـﺬﮐﻮر از Downloaded from jfst.modares.ac.ir at 13:30 IRST on Monday October 4th 2021 آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﺳﺖ. از آﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ و ﺳـﺎﺧﺘﺎر دﻧـﺪان رادوﻻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﺷـﺎﺧﺺ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ از ﮔـﺮوه Neogastropoda و ﺑـﺎ اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﯾـﺎ ﺟـﻨﺲ اﺳـﺖ ، از آن ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎهﺧﻮاري ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮداري در ﻓـﺮوردﯾﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ و ﻓﯿﻠﻮژﻧﯽ ﻧﺮمﺗﻨﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺎه 1391 در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﺰر و ﻣـﺪي و در زﻣـﺎن ﺟـﺰر ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد (Franklin et al., 2007). اﻧﺠﺎم و در اﻟﮑﻞ 70 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺗﺸـﺮﯾﺢ و از آﻧﺠــﺎ ﮐــﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌــﺎت ﺳﯿﺴــﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ اﻧــﺪﮐﯽ ﺑــﺮ روي رادوﻻي آﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﺪا و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 1 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ در ﻣﺤﻠﻮل رﻗﯿﻖ ﺷـﺪه ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﮑﻢ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن اﯾﺮان ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، رادوﻻ ﻣـﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﻫﯿﭙﻮﮐﻠﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ 9:1 (آب ژاول :آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ) ﻗـﺮار ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد. داده ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑـﻪ رادوﻻ ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ ﺷـﻮد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رادوﻻ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﺳﺎﯾﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫـﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟـﻮژﯾﮑﯽ (Franklin et al., 2007). ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي، اﻫﻤﯿﺖ آن در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﯿﻠـﻮژﻧﯽ و ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﻋﮑﺲ ﺑﺮداري در اﻟﮑﻞ 70 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧـﺪ . رادوﻻ

115 ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻓﻨﻮن ﺷﯿﻼت ______دورة 4، ﺷﻤﺎرة 1، ﺑﻬﺎر 1394

ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﭘﻮﺷﺶدﻫﻨﺪه ﺑـﺎ ﯾـﮏ ﻻﯾـﻪ ﻧـﺎزك از ﻃـﻼ (M2)+(L1)+R+(1L)+(2M) ﺑﻮد ﮐـﻪ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﯾـﮏ دﻧـﺪان ﭘﻮﺷﺶ داده ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳـﮑﻮپ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧـﯽ SEM ﻣـﺪل ﻣﺮﮐﺰي (R)، ﯾﮏ دﻧﺪان ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ (L)، ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤـﻮﻻً ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﻤﺖ XL 30 ﺑــﺎ ﺑــﺰرگ ﻧﻤــﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳــﺐ از ﺷــﺮﮐﺖ ﻓﯿﻠﯿــﭙﺲ دﻧﺪان ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺧﻤﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ، و دو دﻧـﺪان ﺣﺎﺷـﯿﻪ اي (M) ﻋﮑﺲﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ. رادوﻻي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ C. persicus (ﺷﮑﻞ 1) و اﺳﺖ. ﺷﮑﻞ و اﻧﺪازه رادوﻻ و دﻧﺪانﻫﺎي ﺗﺸـﮑﯿﻞ دﻫﻨـﺪ ة آن M. grayana (ﺷﮑﻞ 2) داراي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر Taenioglossan ﺑﺎ 7 در دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﻣﻌﯿﻨـﯽ دﻧـــــﺪان در ﻫـــــﺮ ردﯾـــــﻒ و ﻓﺮﻣـــــﻮل ﮐﻠـــــﯽ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ در ﻟﺒﻪ ﺧﻮد دارﻧﺪ.

Mauritia grayana Conomurex persicus ﺷﮑﻞ1 1 و 2)

Downloaded from jfst.modares.ac.ir at 13:30 IRST on Monday October 4th 2021

Conomurex persicus SEM ﺷﮑﻞ2 ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯽ از رادوﻻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ R: دﻧﺪان ﻣﺮﮐﺰي، L: دﻧﺪان ﺟﺎﻧﺒﯽ، M: 2 دﻧﺪان ﺣﺎﺷ ﯿﻪاي

116 ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر رادوﻻ در دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ... ______ﻋﯿﺴﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران

Mauritia grayana SEM ﺷﮑﻞ3 ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯽ از رادوﻻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ R: دﻧــﺪان ﻣﺮﮐــﺰ ي، L: دﻧــﺪان ﺟــﺎﻧﺒ ﯽ، M: 2 دﻧــﺪان ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﺎﻧﻮر را آﺷﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ و اﯾﻦ اﻣﮑﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻢﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﺣﺎﺷ ﯿﻪاي ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺪون اﯾﺠﺎد رﻗﺎﺑﺖ از ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﯿـﺎه ﺷــﮑﻞ دﻧــﺪانﻫــﺎ و ﺑﺮآﻣــﺪﮔ ﯽﻫــﺎي آن در ﺳــﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. از ا ﯾﻦرو ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎي ﺗﻌﺬﯾﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رادوﻻ ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪة ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت آن در ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت داراي رادوﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ رژﯾﻢ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳـﺖ و ﻣـ ﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧـﺪ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ اﻧﺠـــﺎم ﺷـــﺪه ﺑـــﺮ روي ﮔﻮﻧـــﻪ canarium اﯾﺠﺎد ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻐﺬﯾـﻪ اي در ﺷـﮑﻢ ﭘﺎﯾـﺎن (Arularasan et al 2011) و ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ Conomurex persicus ﺷﻮد. (Mutlu, 2001) ﮐـــﻪ ﻫـــﺮ دو از ﺧـــﺎﻧﻮاده Strombidae Taenioglossan ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد اﻧﺪك ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﺮ روي رادوﻻي ﻣــﯽﺑﺎﺷــﻨﺪ، ﻧﺸــﺎندﻫﻨــﺪة وﺟــﻮد رادوﻻي Downloaded from jfst.modares.ac.ir at 13:30 IRST on Monday October 4th 2021 ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي Cypraeidae وﺟـﻮد رادوﻻي Taenioglossan در ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ C. persicus اﺳﺖ.

اﯾﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ دو ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ .M grayana و C. persicus داراي رادوﻻي Taenioglossan ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ Akşit, D., Mutaf, B. F., 2009. Further SEM ﺑﺎ 7 دﻧﺪان در ﻫﺮ ردﯾﻒ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏ دﻧـﺪان ﻣﺮﮐـﺰي (assessment of radular characters of the limpets (R Patella caerulea (Linneaus 1758) and P. rustica L ﯾﮏ دﻧﺪان ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﯽ ( ) در دو ﻃـﺮف دﻧـﺪان ﻣﺮﮐـﺰي و دو Linneaus 1758) (: ) from) Antalya Bay, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, دﻧﺪان ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪاي (M) در ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ دﻧﺪانﻫـﺎي ﺟـﺎﻧﺒﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ . 33: 359-365. وﺟﻮد ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري در ﺷﮑﻞ و اﻧﺪازه دﻧـﺪان ﻫـﺎ و Arularasan, S., Kesavan, K., Lyla, P. S., 2011. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل ﻧﻮار رادوﻻ در دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ رژﯾﻢ ﻏـﺬا ﯾﯽ Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies of radula of the dog conch Strombus canarium ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در آﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ رادوﻻﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ

117 ﻋﻠﻮم و ﻓﻨﻮن ﺷﯿﻼت ______دورة 4، ﺷﻤﺎرة 1، ﺑﻬﺎر 1394

(gastropoda: prosobranchia: Strombidae). Pelagia Research Library, 1(1): 122-127. Franklin, J. B., Fernando, S. A., Chalke B. A., Krishnan K.S., 2007. Radular morphology of Conus (gastropoda: : Conidae) from India. Molluscan Research, 27(3): 111-122. Linse, K., Griffiths, H. J., Barnes, D. K. A., Clarke, A., 2006. Biodiversity and biogeography of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Mollusca. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 53: 985-1008. Mclean, H. J., 2011. Reinstatement of the fissurellid subfamily Hemitominae with the description of new genera, and propose evolutionary lineage, based on morphological character of shell and radula (gastropoda: vetigastropoda). Malacologia, 54(1-2): 407-427. Mutlu, E., 2004. Sexual dimorphisms in radula of Conomurex persicus (Gastropoda: Strombidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Marine Biology, 145: 693- 698. Downloaded from jfst.modares.ac.ir at 13:30 IRST on Monday October 4th 2021

118

Scientific - Research Journal Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring2015

Structure of radula in two gastropod of the Persian Gulf, Conomurex persicus (Strombidae) and Mauritia grayana (Cypraeidae)

Mina Isapour1, Jafar Syfabady2*, Behnam Daghooghi3

M.Sc., Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modarres University

Associate prof., Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modarres University

Ph.D. student, Department of Marine Biology, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecological Research

Received: 23.07.2014 Accepted: 13.04.2015

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

Radula as the main feeding organ in gastropods not only functions in obtaining food, but also considered as an important organ in classification and phylogenic studies. In

Downloaded from jfst.modares.ac.ir at 13:30 IRST on Monday October 4th 2021 this research, the radula morphology of the two species, Conomurex persicus (Strombidae) and Mauritia grayana(Cypraeidae) from BandareLengeh and the Larak Island were analyzed. The collected samples were fixed in 70% alcohol, and radulae were isolated and processed in the laboratory, then photographed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Radula in these two species is of taenioglossan type with 7 teeth per row, but structure of radula teeth in two species are different from each other. Due to various type of feeding habits in C. expersicus and M. grayana, they require radulae with structure to suit their needs. On other hand, any radula structure can also imply special dietary habit, so it can be used to understand the feeding habit of a particular gastropod species.

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Keywords: Radula, phylogeny, Conomurex persicus, Mauritia grayana, Persian Gulf, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Taenioglossan Downloaded from jfst.modares.ac.ir at 13:30 IRST on Monday October 4th 2021

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