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National Ballast Water Status Assessment and Economic Assessment JAMAICA

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National Ballast Water Status Assessment and Economic Assessment JAMAICA UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES MONA CAMPUS CENTRE FOR MARINE SCIENCES National Ballast Water Status Assessment and Economic Assessment JAMAICA October, 2016 This Technical Report was prepared by the Centre for Marine Sciences, University of the West Indies, Mona for the Maritime Authority of Jamaica and the GEF-UNDP-IMO GloBallast Partnerships Programme The main author was Dr Dayne Buddo, with significant inputs from Miss Denise Chin, Miss Achsah Mitchell and Mr Stephan Moonsammy Reviewed by Mr Vassilis Tsigourakos (RAC/REMPEITC) and Mr Antoine Blonce (GloBallast) 1 Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ..........................................................................................................................3 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1.0: SHIPPING ..............................................................................................................6 1.1 THE ROLE OF SHIPPING ON THE NATIONAL ECONOMY ..............................................6 1.2 PORTS AND HARBOURS .................................................................................................... 13 1.2.1 THE PORT OF KINGSTON ............................................................................................................. 13 1.2.2 PORT RHOADES ........................................................................................................................... 18 1.2.3 MONTEGO BAY ........................................................................................................................... 19 1.2.4 OCHO RIOS ................................................................................................................................. 21 1.2.5 PORT ANTONIO ........................................................................................................................... 23 1.2.6 PORT OF LUCEA .......................................................................................................................... 24 1.2.7 PORT OF FALMOUTH ................................................................................................................... 25 1.2.8 RIO BUENO ................................................................................................................................. 25 1.2.9 PORT MORANT ............................................................................................................................ 26 1.2.10 PORT ESQUIVEL ........................................................................................................................ 27 1.2.11 ROCKY POINT ........................................................................................................................... 28 1.2.12 PORT KAISER ............................................................................................................................ 29 1.2.13 SAVANNA LA MAR .................................................................................................................... 31 1.2.14 PORT OF BLACK RIVER ............................................................................................................. 31 1.3 BALLAST WATER UPTAKE AND DISCHARGE ................................................................ 32 1.4 ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOURCE AND DESTINATION PORTS ........... 33 1.4.1 PORT OF KINGSTON .................................................................................................................... 33 1.4.2 PORT RHOADES ........................................................................................................................... 33 1.4.3 MONTEGO BAY ........................................................................................................................... 34 1.4.4 PORT OF OCHO RIOS ................................................................................................................... 34 1.4.5 PORT ANTONIO ........................................................................................................................... 35 1.4.6 PORT OF FALMOUTH ................................................................................................................... 35 1.4.7 RIO BUENO ................................................................................................................................. 36 1.4.8 PORT OF LUCEA .......................................................................................................................... 36 1.4.9 PORT MORANT ............................................................................................................................ 36 1.4.10 PORT ESQUIVEL ........................................................................................................................ 36 1.4.11 PORT OF ROCKY POINT ............................................................................................................. 37 1.4.12 PORT KAISER ............................................................................................................................ 37 1.4.13 PORT OF BLACK RIVER ............................................................................................................. 37 1.4.14 PORT OF SAVANNA-LA-MAR .................................................................................................... 37 CHAPTER 2.0: MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENT ....................................................... 38 2.1 MARINE AND COASTAL ECOLOGY ................................................................................. 38 2.2 JAMAICA’S COASTAL AREAS AND WATERS .................................................................. 38 2.3 OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS: WEATHER PATTERNS ............................................ 39 2.3.1 WINDS AND CURRENTS ............................................................................................................... 40 2.3.2 TIDES .......................................................................................................................................... 40 2 2.3.3 TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY .................................................................................................... 41 2.4 HABITATS AND BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES ............................................................... 41 2.4.1 SANDY BEACHES ......................................................................................................................... 41 2.4.2 WETLANDS AND MANGROVE SWAMPS ........................................................................................ 42 2.4.3 SEAGRASS MEADOWS ................................................................................................................. 43 2.4.4 CORAL REEFS .............................................................................................................................. 43 2.5 SENSITIVE AND VULNERABLE COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS ....................................... 44 2.5.1 BLACK RIVER LOWER MORASS ................................................................................................. 44 2.5.2 NEGRIL MARINE PARK ............................................................................................................... 45 2.5.3 OCHO RIOS MARINE PARK ......................................................................................................... 46 2.5.4 PORT ANTONIO MARINE PARK ................................................................................................... 46 2.5.5 MONTEGO BAY MARINE PARK AND SFCAS............................................................................... 46 2.5.6 PEDRO CAYS PROTECTED AREA ................................................................................................. 47 2.5.7 PALISADOES-PORT ROYAL PROTECTED AREA ........................................................................... 48 2.5.8 PORTLAND BIGHT PROTECTED AREA AND SFCAS ..................................................................... 48 2.5.9 BLUEFIELD’S BAY FISH SANCTUARY ......................................................................................... 48 2.5.10 ORACABESSA BAY FISH SANCTUARY ...................................................................................... 49 2.5.11 DISCOVERY BAY FISH SANCTUARY ......................................................................................... 49 2.5.12 GALLEON, ST. ELIZABETH FISH SANCTUARY .......................................................................... 50 2.5.13 SANDALS BOSCOBEL FISH SANCTUARY ................................................................................... 50 2.6 VALUE OF JAMAICA’S MARINE BIODIVERSITY ........................................................... 51 2.7 CASE STUDIES ON MARINE BIOINVASIONS ................................................................. 52 2.7.1 THE INDO-PACIFIC GREEN MUSSEL, PERNA VIRIDIS .................................................................... 52 2.7.2 THE INDO-PACIFIC RED LIONFISH, PTEROIS VOLITANS ................................................................. 55 2.7.3 THE ASIAN TIGER SHRIMP, PENAEUS MONODON ........................................................................ 56 CHAPTER 3: LEGAL, POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ................................... 58 3.1 REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS ............................................................................. 58 3.2 NATIONAL POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS ......................................................................................
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