UNINDTCTED CO.CONSPIRATORS " OCTOBER t ,1976"1Vol. Xll, No.35 Jan Bàrry . Lance Be¡ville r Maris Cakars' o Susan Cákars' ¡ J erry Coffin' Lynne Shatzkin Coffin' Ann Davidon . Diana Davies . Ruth Dear Ralph DiGiar . Brian Doherty o William Douthard' Karen Durbin' ¡ Chuck Fager o Seth Foldy JimForest . L3rryCara . Joan LibbyHawk' THE CONTINENTAL WAIK Neil Haworth . Ed Hedemann o Grace Hedemann Hendrik Hertzberg' . Marty o Becky . Jezer'. Johnson Chew Chase Circle Justtce' NancyJohnson Paul Johnson Alison Karpel. (LtW2 Soclaf CraigKarpel t . El¡otLinzerr assemble 8:30 ¡'m. for Dlsarmament & JohnKyper Jackson Mac Low o David McReynolds' MaryMayo . Dav¡dMorr¡s o MarkMorris' 4. Repression Builds in Southeast Asia / JimPeck . TadR¡chards o lgalRoodenko' FredRosen . NancyRosen o EdSanders ' Harvey Wasserman WendySchwartz' . MarthaThomases Artwaskow . BeverlyWoodward 10. Thailand: Howthe US Engineered a Couó / Don Luce rMemberof WIN Editorial Board 12. Wounded'Knee '76 / Charles Raisch 14.'Tax T alk / Susan Wilkins 503 Atlantic Ave. üth Fl. gá I I 16. Brooklyn, NY 1f 217 Changes Teleph'one : (212)624-8337, 624:tilg5 18. Reviews / Staughton Lynd WIN is published every Thursday except for the first Hazen Park week in lanuarv, the last week in March, the second Cover: Wash drawing of Thailand's tô:16 a.m. week in Mav. thô last two weeks ¡n August, the f irst two Thanom Kittakachorn by Peg Averill weeks in September and the last week in December by W.l.N. Maiazine, lnc. with the support of the War ë Res¡sters League. Subscriptions are $11.00 per year. à Second class postage pa¡d at New York, NY 1fiD1 ànd STAFF \nfashington, D.C. addit¡onal mailing off ices. lndividual writers are o € resoonsible for opinions expressed and accuracy of facts Peg Averill Dwight Ernest civàn. Sorrv-manuscriDts cannot be returned unless Ruthann Evanoff ¡ Susan Pines V) ãccompanieä by a self -âddrest"o, t,"'Ëf"r!äïÍ'ûBî ô Murrav Rosenblith ô ßd$t Þ z tr, Iwrite as one people who á Re your September 30 homage to offivc We've all been harassedtoo often Mao: were arrested last springfor to let another incident slide by. Is a magazine like $rIN pub- criminal hespassing, while So, we swing into this legal lished in China? Ifnot, how ate leafleting a public syrnposiurn on battle; subpoenaing witnesses, tfrose with impulses to collectively crime, at which Clarence Kelley hiring a stenographer so therewill exolore nonviolence (FBI) a public criminal, was key- be official record ofthe ' ' ' Can \¡VIN find and noting, at Muhlenberg College, a magistrate's hearing, and we file oz 'rèeducated? I encouraged to oublish their stodes? public institution, in Allentown, appeals, possibly think about a .Everyone is ^ Pennsylvania. Dupont Circle c) assemble with the route of Mao did greatthings andmuch countersuit ifwe are ever ac- Ì er. }' we were quitted. 11:30 a.m. õ their choice for'the final leg of good, buthow can WIN be soposi- Though a$ested in F the Continental \{alk , Í Ùive about a manwhopraised the March, our magistrate's hearing We've started a Defense Fund, "r,,fr" cÀ "love" of "battle¡rray?'' (p. 13) was not until August. We were and appointed aboard to dircctthe 6 convicted. Our appeal is now Committee. We local ô oSan Francisco to \{ashington As for myself, I believe that insofar build on our - Rosslyn route assembles at the Chew as you love uniforms and weaPons pending. support, plan fundtaisingevents CA { get É * Vl¡hite Hous€ Chade Circle at 8:30 a.m. you lose yourhumani$. and support rallies, trying to I en t oNew Orleans tò Washingfo¡¡ MORRISFnIEDEI,L nationally known people to help us E routé assembles at 10:30 a.m. I¡t¡Yt¡tr, CA build by coming to Allentown to at Rosslyn Circle. boost a fundraiset/rally, or by oBoston to Washington rouùe On Gertrude Rosenblum's report helping us broadcastour needfor Capitol assembles at Rhode Island and o¡ China [I{IN,9/30/76]: this support. o Eastern avenues at 8:30a.m. pacifist evidently permitted her The timeline is indefinite; be- .{ õtitical faculties to be thoroughly yond our decisions, dependent on p.m. pacified. is getting the courts. Presently, out attorney U2 All routes converge I at One used to you is filing for a change ofvenue. It 6 the Lincoln Memorial. If these glosses on China, ô ' cannot walk the whole dis- reminiscent of the old reportageon seerjns all our tocal judges were , tance; join at any of the Russia inthe time of Stalin (whose either at the symposium, ot desis¡atßd spots along the biggest porhait may be viewed in Ftorntheverymomentwe trustees of the college. We hope way; or at the Lincoln Memori' théÞeklng squate, elt}ough u¡e stepped on campus we have found our appeal won'tbe hurt by being al, or 2 p.m. at the Sylvan are nevet so told). ourselves confronting a very moved too fa¡from our area. Theater for the Rally. State capitalism hasn't changed paranoid establishment. Some: In anticipation, I thank you for its spots, although the grave is less times, in retrospect, the whole any impqtus you can give to our For rides to assembly Points often used as a means ofconec- thing seems silly, but we feel it is case among thousands of caüsei call the Metro 63?-2437 or call tlon. At least one had the right to veryìmportant to stand on ourfust you all heed. We appreciate your ( in advance) 202-332-8252. expect that a woman writer would amendment gtounds, which so unending unbending resolve to not passover mutely the marked clearly wete violated by the FBI, fight for what isjust, peaceful and THE COÑTINENTALWALK sexual teDression in China, so the college & by the Allentown enduring. Pentagon New Bethel Baptist Church Police: i.e., to fight five summary. -JEFWIEI,LIAllentownrPA gth charactefr stic of oatriatchy? 1739 Street NW, Leftists keep lãtching ontothis offenses, of$25 plus costs, seems a Washington, D.C.20001 or that state oower. bufl believe waste of energy and money. But What do you call a movement that that until a[bureaúcratic rulers when Allentown Police pick up must go from many losses and few are swept away, the workers stilt young people every day, charge victories before reaching the "have no countrv."- them with loitering and summarily winninggoal? fine them each $25, proportions WINsome. IooA¡geler'CA-A.FORTI'NA fall into reasonable perspective. -LOULINDENNewYorL, lfY

2wlN Oct.21,1976 Oct. 21, '1976 wlN 3 Heavily-armed Thaiborder police, local police and of coup attempts in the three years since the dic- r i ght-w i n g p¡ a r am i I i tary or ga n i zat ion s sú r rou nded tator s h i p w a s ov e r th r ow n . " Al I th e co n f r ontati o n s Bangkok's Thammasat University in the early have been related to the role of the US in Thailand, morning,hours oÍ October 6, and then charged the the main point of contention between the cam pu s f i r i n g on thou sandsof students wllo had right-wing and the /eftists. bar r icad ed themse/ves inside. The strength of the military became increasingly The studentprotest was a partoÍ a nationwide clear as the weakness of Seni Pramoj's government g ca m pa i n opposi n g th e r ece nt f or bod i n e r et u r n to became more evident. Seni Pramoj's government Thailand of two leaders of the Íormer military dic- was "operating in a sandbox surrounded by the tatorship, overthrown in 1973. military," an American visitor toThailand noted. Hûndredsof students were "The . injured and at least military was abïe this summer to stop a 30 killed in the October 6 attackon Thammasat gov er n me nt- s pon sored anti -cor r u pti on cam pai g n University. Seventeen hundred students were aimed against it. And Se ni was unable to take any seized and will stand trial before a military action when Praphas and Thanom came intothe tribunal. Three thousand more were arreércd the country even though the government professed to next day. be against it . ' ' Repression Builds Ín Southeast Asia

The Thai military seized power following theas- "The Seni governmentwas an anachronism saulton the university. Defense Minister Ãdmiral which couldn't exist in the intensifying polarity . Sa-ngad Chaloryu announced thatThailand's 42 between the lelt and right." million people would now be ruled by the Admini- "The coup of October 6could not haye suc- strative Relorm Committee headed bv himselÍ. He ceeded if it didn't have some support f rom the abolished the constitutio n, banned ali newspapers US," asserted a Thai student in tåe US. The Viet- , and invoked acurtew. The new governmeniw'hich namese government has also charged the uS with t1ii 't overthrew that of Seni Pramoj consists of B 4-star involvement in the coup, with the lntention of es- generals. tablishing a governme'nt in Thailand f riendly tother ïensions have been mounting in Thailand par- us. ticularly .in response to the retuin to the couniry oÍ Tle V.ietnamese specifica lty charged the CIA former dictators Praphas Charusathien and with aiding Thanom's return io lhaltand. And the Thanom Kittikachorn August'15 and September 19 Washington Post reported thatihe head oÍ the new Praphas was forced to leave the country in government is a c/ose Íriend of LJS Navatofficial August due to demonstrations led by the National Admiral J .L. Holloway. Ihe post a/s o reported that Student Center of Thailand which closed down uni- the US chief of navaloperations t"as e*p'ected, yersities but in Bangkok for three days. Four stúdents did not show up, in Bangkok on October B. were killed and over B0wounded by right-wing US involvement prior-to the coup has been well- groups during a mobilization of ovèr 20,000 documented. While the number of US troops in' students demandi ng Praphas' ouster.' Thailand has dropped to 270 f rom its peak oÍ ¿A,OOO Similar demonstrationswere held when Thanom duringthe lndochinawar, the US coitinuesto returned to Thailand in mid-September. Then, in support the reactionary elements in thé country. early October, universities across thecountry were US military sales to Thailand for 1976-77 are $98.4 protesting shutdown by students. The btoociy as- m i I I i.on, n i ne ti mes the 1 97 S f i g u re. T he aid comes saulton Thammasat lJniversity October 6came on to Thailand in the form of mililary sales transacted the third day of a demonstration jointly sponsored on ciedit, "with terms so vague, they might as wel/ by the Nationa/ Stu dent Center and the National be gifts,'.' according to Thaiwriter l-io Klvon-ping Labor Council. inthe July 23 issueof theHong Kongweekly,f al The Labor Council also intended to hotd a Ea.stern Economic Review. The long listof miilitary ' general strike on October B. The Council represents sales includes rnissi/es, which no olher ASEAN workers in all state-owned industry and their strike cou ntry @ h i I i ppi nes, I ndonesi a, Malaysia, would have shutdown electric power, water and Singapore) is receiving. US companies a/so con- transportation. tinue to have large investrnents in Thailand and the "For a month we have been talking'aboutthe ties between the CIA and paramilitary organiza- -coming right-wing coup," said a Thai student tions in Thailand are expected to continue. living in the US. "The military has made a number _ LNS

4WlN Oct.21,1976 Photo by David Milliken HARVEY.WASSERMAN opponent of SiÅgapore yew. dictator Lee Kuan As Coh Lay Kuan. With the aid of the Speciäl Branch, military alert. Many at the time felt the new elec- atop.advisor to Tun Razak, lsmail caused Lee many Coh produced for Singapore television a tions were a ploy by Kukrit to stave off a vote of no- problems. ln fact, towards the end of Razak,s spectacu lar confession of i nternational espionage confidence, and there was strong sentiment that a rei gn, relations with Lee had deteriorated to the and intrigue, involving scores of conspirators in military coup might be in the off ing. point where many in Lee's ruling People,s Action perhaps a dozen countries and accompanied by Whatevei the reasons on the surface, the core of Party (PAP) were making rumblìngs io the effect classic photographs of alleged jungle training the crisis was the continuing face-off between that Lee should step aside (such noises can never camps. By the time Coh herself.tiptoed out of student and intellectual leftists on one hand, and be very loud oropen in Lee's Singapore). custody, perhaps 50 people were freshly detained, the stagnant military-bureaucratic ruling elite on On J une 23, two of Kuala Lumpur,s top Right now the.UMNO ruling pãrty of ,lcommunistnewsmen Malaysia is although nobody really knows names or how many, the other-with the Amqrican military presence were detained, accused of actiirg in a itself in serious disarray. Racked byscandalánd since people in Singapore regularly disappear into the most volatile issueon the list. plot against_lvialaysia." Thetwo men are among torn asunder byfaction, the party is barely holding the vaults of the Special Branch without a trace. The leftists got their initial shot at power fol- the most inf luential in Malaysia, and their on to power in thg person of DatukOnn, a arrest middle-- Second in the anti-communist extravaganza was lowing theOctober 14,1973 revolution which stunned the entire country. roader viewed by many as an interint leader. Dr. Poh Soo Kai. Dr. Poh was active in the'50s br.ought the downfall of the Thanom Kittakachorn Samani bin Mohamed Amin was assistanteditor Overshadowing allof it is the --'--' realityof accelerated independence movement, and a founding member militãry dictatorship and led to its replacement by a of the Malay-languáge Berita Harian,anãá Malayan Communist Party(MCP) ãctivitv in the of the PAP. A politicalcontemporaryand personal popular attempt at liberal democracy. Unfor- consistent supporter of the government. jungles, and particularly Abdul the fact that the MCp haS oooonent of Lee Kuan Yew, Dr: Poh was arrested tunately, much of the progressive energy had to be Samad bin tsmail was managing editor been attracting more and more of thà native Malays to its ¡n igO¡ and held îor 11Vz years wlthout trial. Two spent iñ ridding Thailand of the last vestiges of powerf ul New Straits Ïimesãnä a top advisor to the ranks, - years ago he was released without þavi,ng made the American military presence, a presence that has late Prime Minister Tun Mal ays i Razak. He had been dé-- _. ia is 5oo/o Musl m Mal ay and 407o eth n ic " traditional ly demanded by the taj nedby Briti sh.i n Singapore duri ng Chinese, and the latter have been "confession !!e the early strongly dis- Special Branch as a price for leaving their trtties tor his role in the independence criminated against movement. by the Malay:controlled dungeons. Dr. Poh resumed his medical practice I n 1 95.9, he m i grared to Mal åyá gove-rnment throughout tôárilv out of dis. its hibtory. Partly as a and quietly worked for the release of his taste for the r¡sing star of result, the MCP Singapore,sdictator Lee has been virtually 1002o Chinese, compatriots still in detention. Kuan Yew) and soon-made a home and until recently for himself in formally exclud'ed Malavs On une 4, he was re-detained on headline both Malay- and English-language altogethei". ln thó past few years, J i titerature as a however; in- charges of having possibly given medicine to a man novelist and a journalist. He creasing- numbers Malays was an honored guest of have been enlisting in who may have given it to another man who may at the gatherings of the powerful, the jungles. ln-return, rich and anã h¡s the Malay community now have given it to an alleged terrorist. Dr. Poh is ex- name was a household word seems to haveJost for m¡llions o? readers. whatever immunity it had from tremelywell-known and respected in Siruapore as ln early J une, he was honored government repiession. as one of six But no one expected the a "people's doctor" who puts in long hours Malaysian writers pioneer Special Branch to receive the Literary to reach as high as the èditor of the treating working people for minimal fees (the award, and cited by Prime Minister Husiein Onn NewStraits fimes. , President Ford burned in effigy Special Branch is nowthreatening to revoke his by Thai students.in Bangkok. for work'wh ich " had i nstil Many cannot led national con scious- . shake the suspicion that Lee may medical license). Upon re-detention, Dr' Poh has ness in.the. people in their struggle for indepen- have taken an opportunity personál to éliminate a been "questioned" 1B hours a day in over-air' dence. " Three weeks later he rival, as well as promote was arrested by the to his own prefeience for a conditioned rooms; nearly all the questions have very, Home Ministry which gave repressive anti-comm i him the awaid, un st atmosphere in focused on his role in providing information about a1ò and he was blasted in the headlines Malaysia. Lee is, as one journalist of his own expel led has fellow detainees to foreign journalists and the Sl. lt newspaper as a" Coat', who had noted, "a man who likes to go foryour weak )udas allegedly spot ¡ is expected Lee will make an "example" of Dr. slanted news in a way aimed at ,,erodine and grab it 'til you scream.'t thã Poh, he has of Said Zahari and Dr. Lim Hock Muslims' faith in their religion.,, as Siew, who have been imprisoned without trial since The explanation for this iurnabout lies with two 1963. Singapore editors who had been picked up for Following on the heels of Dr. Poh's re-arrest, the questioning aweek earlier. Hussein Jahiilin and attacks on the four Malay in Singapore Azmi Hahmud were editor and iournalists assistant editor of and Malaysia have capped athorough disruption of the Malay-language Berita Harian Singapore. Singep{þtr& what middle-class society exists in the archipelago. were grabbed by the Singapore Sþecial fhey Singapore is f illed with even more paranoia than Branch on J une 16, but the event went unnoted in On his home ground, Lee has choreographed his usual, and the Malaysian pôlitical scenè has de- the controlled Singapore press untilthe 1fth. On own new round of officialterrorism. Íhii one generated into a mass of confusion, mutual tþe22nd, they i ssued staterlents,,confessin g,, startèd with the pAp attack on Lee,s at the Socialist recrim i nation, self-ri ghteous posturing, and fear. their alleged participation in a Communist news- lnternational (Sl). Finally fed up with Lee,s dic- lf nothing else, the Red Scare has made it very clear ll dìstortion plot guided by Samad lsmail. party They tatorial regime, the.Dutch Labor thisspring that a phase of Singapore-Malaysian history has claimed having 1'consistently reported news on led a movement at the Sl to expel the Énp once añd been entered in which no one is exempt. l Communism andtheMuslim religion in amanner for all. inconsistent with responsible and objective editor- ' Lee took the move surprisingly ' shlp." ,,in hard. His ego is Since1972, they said, they paiticipated indeed legendary, but tliere rnãi hau" been more to a Communist scheme masterminded and directed his reaction th4n personal pique. I Sineaoore is by Samad lsmail." totally dependê¡t on foreiÈn investmént, and i Lee trkm*lnnü Nq*l of the Singapore . detentions came as a may have believed such bãd press-eveá from a shock, but the subsequent detention of lsmait and marginal group like the Sl-would ultimatety Overal l, the assau lt the left-lean in g middle aroused anger and bitterness among many in damagehis on class ô..jn saleability in Europe. Whateverthe has hit hardest in Thailand. Malaysia. Samad lsmail has been a long-time case, the pâpers Singapore spéwed anger and On January 12, King PhumipolAdulyadetan- trustration over the move at the Sl, the gov€rn: Wasserman, ,,Communand nounced that the Thäi parliament would be dis- Harvey author oî Harvey Wasser- ment soon produced a string of is-is,, to man's Historyof the United States (Harper and solved because "too many political parties" were show the world. effective government Row, 1972) f making impossible. The has recently returned rom travels in Firstcamethe "Red Ballerina" case. basedon apan movqwas engineered by Prime Minister Kukrit J and Southeast Asla. the "confession" of a professional danéer named Pramoj, and was accompanied by notice of afull - LNS

6WlN Oct.21,1976 copyright @ 1976 by Harvey Wasserman Oct. 21, 1976 Wl]{ T ) f the threat beeri the major political reality in Thailand for bomb thrown into a march on the American Em- destruction (for export) of largê tracts of rai nforest, the government's priorities were to ight nearly a decade. Despite constant promises by both bassy at Bangkok. The march was to demand as- the removal of which has already shown signs of of Communism, to end attempts to change Kukrit and the Ameriçans, the exact pullout date surances of afinal pull-out of US troops. Four days causing severe erosion and water pollution, and Thailand's consitutional monarchy and to was watf led throughout the election period, later a bomb killed ten people at a New Force Party may also lead to an unbalancing of weather pat- eliminate government corruption, mistreatment of causing anger and frustration among the Thai left, rally outside Bangkok. Partybranch off ices had terns. The countries have also been recent recipi- the people by off icials and rural poverty. Thanin who felt the time was long since past for an been bombed in both Bangkokandtheprovinces. ents of pesticides which have been outlawed in stated, "We may have democracy, but it must be honorable gesture on the part of the American By April 4, the leftist parties were in disarray. developed countries (notably J apan) and which step by step." government. Having expected to win 25-30 seats inthe279- have then been dumped in conjunction with agri- Most people did not expect the m i litary to hand While Kukrit and the generals dragged their member parf iament, New Force claimed only 3; cultural development programs. the government back to civilians this quickly. feet, the ultra-right conducted an ugly, violent having expected to win 10 seats, the Socialists also Despite its wel l-adverti sed "clean I i ness, " water However, the Administrative Reform Council, as putsch . More than 40 people died in election won only 3. Partof the defeat was duetothe leftists flowing through Singapore is clearly f ilthy beyond the r:uling military junta calls itself , gives no indi- "campaigning" between J anuary 12 andApril 4. being outflanked andoutbid in the countryside. lt human use, and overirowding has prompted the cation that it intends to disband in the near future. The main rightist hit groups were the "Red Cuars" of miles of high-rise apartments which , is standard procedure in Thai elections for "can- construction Through, it all, the war in the countryside in- and "Nawaphol" f irst largely composed of soon rank among the world's worst slums. As -the vassers" to march into poverty areas with fat wads will tensif ies. Skirmishes are becoming battles. Levels technical students, the second of older tradi- (indeed, for Bangkok, the city is literally sinking into the of bills for buying votes much violence ac- of violence attributed tothe MCP and theThai in- tionalists. But student leaders and intellectuals swamps and fill-in canals on which scores of mas- cornpanied the campaign as rival right-wing can- surgency have increased steadily, as have the de- speak bitterly of CIA direction. The ki I I ings, they sive, unwieldy buildings have been piled without vassers shot it out for vote-buying concessions). ten[ions'and murders of peasant and working-class say, have been a systematic campaign to plan or caution. The city is horrqndously over- The leftists had neitherthe móanJ northe willto activists. There are more than 2000 political de- decapitate the left in a "Thai kill Thai" program to join ärowded, its bu s system u n bel i eV'ab ly over[axed, the bidding. tainees in Malaysia alone. Accompanying the ban- both stall and limit the effects of American troop and the air virtually unbreathable. Ballot mis-counting, bullying at the polls and ner headlines of middle-class arrests are always withdrawal. Whoever was actually pulling the ln the Thai countryside, the "Village Scout" other tricks also were predictably present, but ul- stories of outright jungle warfare, with the de- triggers, the Thai government contributed ¡ts full movement built a solid rightist inf rastructure. timately it was the fascist media blitz that had the tained and dead listed in the tens and twenties. share to promoting an atmosphere of violence. deepest effect. lt was the ideological ante that was Modelled after the American boyscouts, and Communism is strictly illegal in Thailand (as in being upped, and the right proved more than strongly supported by the King, the movementhas The situation does not lookternporary. Despite Hanoi sincethe Malaysia and Singapore) and there was no Com- wi I I in g to set a brutal pace. put thousands of Thais of all ages in the uniform of external signsof friendshipwith munist Party standing foroff ice in the April4 elec- What they won was not ex¿ctly clear. The new an organization that has spread to virtually every I ndochina Revol ution, Singapore and I ndonesia tions. Nonetheless the government and the right Prime Minister was Seni Pramoj, generallytothe corner of the country, and in many places has have tried to move Thailand and Malaysia as far to particular joined in a ryassive media campaign aimed at "de- right of his younger brother Kukrit, but alsoolder already expressed itself in strong anti-left the right as they will go. lndonesia in has feating the commun ists in this election. " The in- and less forcef ul. Any of his hopes for q stiong activities. been looki ng to turdASEAN into a mi I itary al I iance ference was clear- "Right kill Left," in this case government were quenched almost immediately by Meanwhile the new Thai budget was dis- (which it would obviously dominate) and would un- the Socialist Party and the left-of-center New Force the untimely death of Ceneral Kris Silva, Seni's tinguished by a marked increase in military and doubtedly welcome militai:y regimes in both Party. choice for Defense Secretary. security spending. For insiders, the prime con- Thailand and Malaysia. As for Lee Kuan Yew, he Among the staples of the campaign (and post- An old war horse, Ceneral Kris stood virtually sideration continues to be to grab what they can will simply not survive a Malaysia in revolution. campaign) period was a slue of patriotic songs alone in h is ability to command the various factions whiletheycan. Land reform in Thailand and But neither Thailand nor Malaysia nor Singapore f looding the tv and radio, the most often repeated of the Thai right, while also claiming a certain Malaysia are not on the even distant horizon, and will stand without revolutionary land reform, being "Burden on the Land": deference from the left for having supported (for serious attempts to deal with their thoroughly major economic and environmental adjustment, or !+ be a f ull scale show-down with corruption. ln this '.Ð Whoever Loves other nations, various reasons) the overthrow of the Thanom colonized economies are nowhere to seen. the ruling machines appear And exp/oits his own race regime in1973. When hedied underdubiouscir- , While all pretenseof democratic reform in latest wave of reaction, incapable of to the real needs of their After they get all the property, cumstances in a Bangkok hospital (many feel l"ie Thailand has evaporated in the recent military adjusting for the traditional route of Then they will'kill the Thai was murdered) Seni's hopes for an effective ad- coup, the newly-appointed civilian prime minister, people, and are opting m in istration dwi ndled Sign if icantly Thanin Kraivichien, announced on October 9 that repression and terror. Burden on the land, burden on the land Thus Thailand rejoiried its southern neighborhood in This kind of person, is a burden on the land. attacking its left while lacking the abilityor willto \ Wall poster at Th4mmasat University, Bangkok. Photo by David Milliken Whoever se//s thelrown nationals, copewith social change. ln atimeof profound flux, Se//s the nation. the right has opted for extreme polarization. At that moment the Thai econom! seemed stable, al- t And wherever they have the opportunity, "¡L? They point out the way for the enemy. though a huge jump in unemployment had been {fu:rqrï rhsn-mt?hn lg. They would like to destroy the strength of the admitted by the government. ln addítion,.a veri- table river of both foreign and domestic Thaipeople ' capital was For the enemy invading Thailand, .flowing out of the country, something neither Thailand nor its southern.neighbors could afford. Burden on the land. . . . All three of them are more than 507o dependent on Further inspired bycries of "Nation, Religion foreign capital, and noone in SoutheastAsia and King," the right had af ield day. On February doubts the r:ole of the CIA and foreign capital in ;

18, Amaret Chaisa-at, qh Executive Committee stirring up turmoil and eliminating leftists. .tt Member of the powerf ul National Students Center Meanwhile nílå¡strrai*r$. all three nations are in the throes of "e3 of Thailand (NSCT) was shot dead while sleeping in severe environmental crises, about which nothing a rural temple during a university field trip. Ten is being d9ne. At least one river in Malaysia has days later Dr. Boonsanong Bunyothayan, Secre- been "killedl' by industrial wastes, witlì sub- tarvof the Socialist Party, was murdered while stantial human displacement havíng already driving home from a meeting. occurred. The Straits of Malacca are now so badly On March 3, armed terrorists held a group of polluted that Malaysiais f ish supply-from which it vocational students at a leftist university hostage- derives more than 5O%o of its protein is severely andthen killed fiveof them with a bomb. On the threatened. - 21st, four persons were killed and 85 wounded by a Both Thailand and Malaysia are involved in

SWlN Oct.21,1976 rï I tl

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I l THAILAND: US :. HOWTHE !i i ENCINEEREDACOUP

l $17 million) a The coup was led by Admiral Sa-ngad Chaloryu, DON IUCE and maintènance of a hieh level of I military aid (lastyear, $83 million). who had retired six days earlier as suprqme.mili- l a pro-Ameirican, : ldon'tknow how much Decreasing the economic aid was inf lationary tarycommander. Sa-ngad, outþecause he did earlier the students had duetofewergoodsonthemarket. Atthesame \. claimed the coup was carried lli preyto the com' ,l been lynchef,-probably time, unemployment r,yas exacerbated by fewer not want Thailand to become just a few minutes-buten- public works projects. The result was unrest, munists. _ :; ra ged,ri g student demonstrations and labor strikes. USaid to As an immediate resultof thecoup, Seni Pramoj, i hti sts f e I t r obbed by death and continued to the conservative military elements gave the army the democratically elected Primè ñlinister was ar-' parli4ment batter the bodies, wrote the means to crush the unrest with increasing rested. The was dissolved and brutality leading to theOctober 6take-over bythe Thailand's f irst democratic constitution was I AP's Neal Ulevich who wit- military. a¡õiiifte¿. Àlt pot¡tical p¿rties and meetings of l nessed the right-wing mili- - people tary coup,in Thailand. On September 19, Thanom Kittikachoin re- more than f ive were banned, and suspicion ; of communism was made acrimepunishable by One rightist hit a hanging turned in the yellow robes of a Buddhist monk. . Begging death, with sentencing being determined by a iij corpse with a toldi n'g chair bowl in hand, he wanderedthe streets of until the rope broke and the Bangkok (with armed guards accompanying him l). military tribunal, On Octoberg, a49-year-old lawyer and Supreme 1 He had returned, Thanom said, be near body tu mbled dol l -l ike to fo his sick the ground. Thecorpse and aging father. Court J ustice, Thanin Kraivichien, was appointed The students disagreed. They remembered a new premier. Thanin listedthefight against i ended its fall in a grotesque clever and cruel dictator. More Communism as histop priority. f 'We m¡y have ' posture of suppl ication. likely, they said, rll Thanom had returned to stage a democracy, but it must be step by step," Thanin Atthe other tree a rightist military coup, lii Students and workers protested on the streets ¡n said. No information has been givgn out on the i. was stlashing atthe thróatof peaceful demonstration. The military, using nanies or fate of the people rounded up by the aÈmy the other lynch i n g the I victi m. pretense of restoring law and order, attacked the. and police (the junta admits to over 3,(XX) arrested a B ut the cor pse d id n' t bleed unarmed students with grenade launchers and r during the first three days of the.cq,uB). I and thatapparently rr automatic weapons. The initial violence left moré Atthis very momentthe generals are deciding rl; enraged the rightist, who than 39 dead, hundreds wounded, and thousands they tl stabbed the neck and whatstrategy will useiodestroy thedemo- face political prisoners. I of new cratic aspiration of Thai patrìots and all Thai ;,' repeatedly. ' people, the Union of Thais in the US wrote in a re- irl Americans tooked at the photos of the lynched it quest for help from Americans. Thai students with horror, with little under- but This strategy could well include maòs executions standing of our compl icity in coup. We paid for llrt that as occurred ¡n Ch¡le and lndochina. The only way to ril it with our tax money. We supplied the police with ens ure th at th i s w i I I not k appen is to af f ect th ei r rli the guns, tear gas and intel I i gence apparatus. The ,lil decisions before they are màde the next few government's policy in US foreign set the stage for weeks. rlll the coup in much the same way as US policy led to ;lil For the sake oÍ all our brothers and sisters in ilil theoverthrowof Allende ín Chile. Economicaid Thailand, pleasewrite and askyour ll i i was decreased to the moderate civilian Thai group '11 rep rese ntatives to have congress :' 'li and a high levelof military aid supported the lilr right-wing military group. ìi.ll military aid tothe ¡unta. .1,\, On October 14,1973', a student uprising forced -Stop 'ti ai n f u I I d i scl os u r e of the narnes of al I thosci Thailand's ri ght-wing dictator, Thanom -Ckilled and anested. :r, years Kitticachorn, into exile. ln the three fair and publictrialprocedúrefor all lil I i! r following Thanom's overthrow, the US sent more -Ensurethese prison ers with publication of all charges and $1 50 m ill ion in aid than military to the mi litary the evidence against them. I group that carried out the bloody coup. US ; economic aid was 39 million dollars during : Without concern from the United States, which Thanom's last year and military aid was 6Smillion providps the military equipment, the future looks I l dollars. After Thanom's exilethere was an im- bleakforthose in Thailand who have been rounded

I mediate decrease in the economic aid (last'year, crammed the prisons. Admiral I up and into I ! Sa-ngad, in describing why heousted the Seni I T Don Luce is executlye director of Clergy and Laity Covernment: "We've set our sights too high as far Concerned. Drawings by ^ I Peg Averill as democracy was concerned." {fL i 10W¡N Oct.21,1976 I tu.21,1976 W¡N 11 Porcupine and others, to-answer local needs for We know thatthese groups can do the iob! There security and protection. They are modelbd after the are still lots of problems to be worked out, but the Amedearr lndian Mqvement Patrols, which f irst people in the Districts, Íor the Íirsttime, will þave operáted in Minneapolis in the late 60's and at the rightto control their own Iaw aqd order and Woúnded Knee in 1973. Theseyoung men arefrom police thernse/ves. WOUNDED communities and operate with approval of the local The Trimble Administration has brought a great and their localelders Chairman Trimble. Mostof deal of change on the Reservation, including re- ,) / work includes quieting fistfights and drunken organizing the economy, creating new jobs and parties in the housing complexes, and answering taking Council meetings out into each of the Tribal KNEE èalls for help from peoples' homes. They help Districts so the people can paiticipate in the voung people stay out of the hands of the alien BIA t'oÍÍicial" jailings, process. lt has done much to restore faith in the w¡th their arrests, andcriminal government and "bring Covernment to the '76 of their own. The recórds, in this way taking care people. " However, the bulk of these redevelop- caught a.gang night I arrived in Oglala, SECURITY ment progrants are still in the planning stages, in youn gsters i n g') (sn iff i n g aerosal and of " huff Al Trimble's head or on his drawing board. The galoline of them in the dam. fumes) and threw all drastic move towards tiibal contro.l of the police is a in the middle of the iright. The larger families have all seen at least one w¡th stern lecture the f irst concrete issue that deals immediately with CHARTESRA¡SCH in somè sec- violent murder of a relative as a result of the SECURITY has CB communicatiop ä pressing problem of.life. Trimble has answered traff ic and keep an eye on policies of the last.fewyears. All factions are tions where th¡ey monitor the urgent need for people to feel safe in their The víllage of Wounded Knee, site of the Oglala andstçange plagued with unemployment, poor housing, non- known Coons, FBI undercovercars homes. He has bucked the BIA system, to prove and American lndian Movement uprising oÍ lgZ¡ ¡s camper was under surveil- existent health services, rampant alcoholism, and vehicles. Vv wh¡te VW himself to the coalition that elected him. That gone. Only brick and concrete rubble remain where whenever I i,vas in theoutlying violent cri rn e. ln 197 3 ¡ the.Og lala com m u n ity lance, lwastold, coalition, which generated the energy for the white church once stood. There are some burnt- - Trimble, Council Secretary consisting of tradítional leaders, the Oglala Sioux distriits. Chairman Wouirded Knee'73,.is still generating energy on out bùild¡ngs f illed with bees next to rusted tin and others conf ided me that Civil Rights Organization, and the truebloods with Frank Starr, in Pine Ridge, only this time it powers a slow and roofs.that lie on piles of old conduit tubing and beer 807o SECURITY is a primary reason for a drop in crime half the mixed-bloods, the of thetribe that deep revolution . The I ndependent Og lala Nation cans. This site of two tragic national histolies the days of terror is lives or¡tsidethe BIA centertown on the Nebraska and violence on the "Res" since which defended its tiny borders around the hamlet marked today only by two monuments. The Soqth border-asked the American lndian Movement to in the spring. ', of Wounded Kneeforthe 71days in 1973, now Dakota Tourist Monument commemorates the help them make a stand at Woundeä Knee in 1973 However, the community coalition outside of the defends its entire borderof nearlytwo million Sioux Battle of Wounded Knee, with the word and to help them dramatize their plight. This past town of Pinó Ridge, through the new Chairman and acres . The vi llage is gone but the Natioì becomes ' 'Battle' ' wh itewashed out and the word winter, the same community elected thq new Council, has gone further in theirefforts toward more visible with each moon. "Massacre" scratched in, in memory of the 1890 Chairman, Al Trimble, captured 13 of the 20 Coun- regaining control over their own lives. US Army slaughterof lndian men, women and cil Seats, and set aboutto have a quiet revolution on children. The other monument is the gravestone of the Reservation. This is the same community which , New federal legislation l:eferred to as Self- Buddy Lamont, a member of SECURITY, who was l Determination for Tribes, which is the current ref e rs to the 2oo/o of the' accu l tu rated " m i xed- shot and killed by the Bureau of lndian Affairs bloods living in the BIA-controlled toùvn of Pine policy from Washington, allows lndians to run (BlA) and FBI Police with US Army assistance, Ridge as "loafers," " Fort" lndians who formed and manage theirown affairs. One Senate bill, \ Rt during the Siege of Wounded Knee in 1923. Ttirere the base of former Tribal Chief Dick Wilson's cor- Public Law #93638, concerns law enforcementon are dozens of plastic.f lowers around his grave and a ruption. This community is still.making big , , the Reservation and allows the Tribal Councils to permanent bouquetof beercan six-pack plastic changes at Pinè Ridge. pass a resolution which gives the Council control cagings woven together. The stark scene of the There is great fear in the community and great over the BIA police, providing they give a 120-day hamlet which flashed across the front pages of 'mistrust of outsiders. Two FBI agents and dozens notice, and take-over all aspects of hiring, f iring newspapers al I over the wo rld in 197 3 has been of Oglalas have been killed, all aþparently un- and administration. ln a surprising move, Trimble burnt down, with only a nearby housing complex solved crimes, and there has been great FBI called a special session of the Executive Council and a few trailers to carryon the name. All of the harassment. There are two police forces in the which passed such a resolution and delivered the corruption, despondency, violence andthumàn community today. One, the BIA police, is official. formal notice to.the BIA during the Oglala cele- energy which came to a head there in '73 has Wearing green uniforms, they patrol in CB equipped brations ín September. The Washington-controlled moved elsewhere. i land-cruisers. The other, unoff icial, is called Civil Service bureaucracr¡ of the BIA was outwardly After much travelon the huge Pine Ridge Reser- "SECURITY." They patrol in pick-ups and on disgruntled at receiving the order from the vation, it became apparent that the legacyof Council, but since the law and the rights involved '. horseback, wearing black hats with asingle feather help them make a stand at Wounded Knee and red armbands. The BIA police are acculturated for the Tribe are on the books, they had no choice sellMeans,.Dennis Banks, Leonard Crow Dog and copsfrom Pine Ridge, mixeci-bloods who take , but to give up their control and let the Oglalas others in jail and endless courtrooms, but with orders only from BIA headquarters, all too often police themselves. Thus, the Trimble administra- massive decentral izçd grassroots organ izations i-gnoring the requests from the local community tion accompl ished in only four months what com- whiCh forn'¡ed in each of the eight Districts after the for protection. The BIA force is hated by the loials munities in Berkeley, San Francisco and San J ose Siege. Theie are 12,000 Oglalãs on the Reserva- They have covered-up murders of traditionals, and have been working towards, for several years now, police tion. Due to the tyranny of the Dick Wi lson adm i n i- disarmed locals, leaving them unarmed in the face community control of the forces. stration for the last four years, the extreme of attacks by Coons from Pine Ridge. These BIA The SECURlTYforces, born outof the Defenòe factionalism, feuding, government corruption and police are Civil Service men who have, for the most ' bunkers of the Wounded Knee '73 Siege anci the terrorizing of the local communities by the part, received their jobs as political handouts on , matured to a status little better than vigilantes with ' outside BIA police and the FBl, few have been able the graveytrain that formed aroqnd former presi- , local approval, can now become the off icial law and to escape involvement in the many problems of the dent Dick Wilson. He handed out dozens of jobs to order in their Districts. Frank Starr, Tribal Secre- tribal society. '.t his relatives and young crewcut toughs from Pine ì tary, favors a complete transference of responsi- Ridge that the locals call Coons. ! bilities to the SECURITY forces with a transition of ì Charles Raisch workswith Peoples Mediain San SECURITY is a small informal force that formed training, screqning, and oaths of allegiance to the Francisco. out of the communities at Oglala, Wanblee, Kyle, \ I Tribal-operated Court. i LNS rzW¡r Oct. Zr, ìgze t { ! I ¡ I ti's¡: J il I Dr. ClariceCampbell & WTRNews RustCollege, Box41 Holly Springs, MS 38635 Lau ra Negron ida's 1973 T oyota aT Dowe have you (æ1)252-2s34 listed correctly? ts was àuctioned for "delinquent ( your phone number correct? tf Payment" of her 1975 income Nonviolent Studies I nstitute there arechanges we should make taxes on I ice 912 East 31st J ulv 2 at the RS off in St. in your listing, do let us know im- San KansasCity, MO64109 Jose, Cálifornía. About 20war mediately. tax resisters and friends showed (816) 931-20e3 ,,sealed-bid up to partici'pate in the D New J ersey War Tax Resistance auction" Alternative Funds but were not allowed to 75 South Orange Ave., Room 204 participate. No bidders, not even South Orange, NJ 07079 Lehigh ValleyWTR Life Fund Negronida herself , were al lowed to (201)763-0977 , 14 West Broad St. witness the proceedings. Strange- *Peace Shelter Bethlehem, PA 18018 ly e-nough, IRS claimed the highest (215) 691-87,3O 433-6243 bid came from This_is the opening installment of a regurar monthry column in wtN on 44 Bellhaven Rd. , Ellison Towing Co. same war tax resistance. with the demise ofthe wrR naiional office, we feel it Bellport, NY 11713 Brandywine Alternative Fund -the company thatlhe IRS hired is important to keep a national channer open for thé ;;ñö;i Lar tax (s16)286-8824 " " 302jacksonSt. to tow the Toyota. resistance information. susan Negronida is the f irst Bay Area wilkins of New Englanã wrï-*¡li edit the NYC War Tax Resistance Media, P419063 column lf vou have items for the cotumn, sent thðm war tax resister to have property Jñ""tiiì" öusan at: 339 Lafayette St. Portland Peace I nvestors NE/WTR,355 Boylston seized and auctioned in four and a St., Boston, MAO2216 New York, NY 10012 4312 Southeast Stark half years. The IRS had sent her (212)477-2970 Portland, OR97215 The just one ten day notice in early May word is out clearly at tast: Modesto Peace/Life Center *J im Van Hoeven (s03) 23s-89s4 There Rochester War Tax Resistance demanding payment and then is no_longer a f unctioning Box2124 CentralCol lege national 713 MonroeAve. Washington Area Fund for Life seized her car in the f irst week of office for War Tax Re-- 631-15th St. Pella, lowa 50219 sistance. ls this a serious loss? Modesto, Rochester, NY 14607 1771Churchst. NW J une. CA 95354 (716)461-2230 Whether there shoutd be a (209)s29-s750 War Resisters League/Pl ainstates Washington, DC20036 Outraged bidders and other 3950 Rainbow (2O2)387-79ss .friends national WTR office has been a Blvd. Syracuse Peace and supporters from the Los Angeles War Resisters League Kansas Council controveirsial matter for vears. and City, KS 66103 924 Burnett Ave. Detroit Fund for Life WTR community wrote letters to 629 South Hill St., Room 915 (913) 432-03s0 Donald we may f ind that the lackof onê Syracuse, NY 13203 5511 Three Mile Drive Alexander, IRS Commis- strengthens Los Angeles, C490014 *Kaye sjorjer in Wash., DC requesting local groups and (213)626-s463 Yoder (31s) 472-s478 Detroit, Ml48224 regional ties. Emphasis on the Charles (313) that the auction be annulled be- im- l4l *Lyle-Sue Snider BBe-0s83 portance of regional and inter- Monterey CountyWTR McPherson cause: ,K567460 100,{ Buchanan Blvd. regional communication has been 251 Littleness (316)241-2935 1. No witnesses were present Durham, NC277O1 WTR Centers with Alternative Funds dur- stressed at national WTR con-' Monterey, C493940 *Cushman ing the opening of the bids. People D. Anthony (919)286-2374 ' ferences repeatedly, (4O8)37s-1776 Houston WTR - Hguston, TX who submitted and was 330 Fore legal bids were cal led for *Franklin St. The SmallVoice Mark Looney - Washington DC phy$ically once again at the WRL- Zahn Portland, barred from the WTRconference Maine04111 Box 128 Friends Peace Center- Ptsbrg, PA this August. A 836 South Hamilton Blvd. (2O7)774-6075 openlng. J ean-J im Matlack - WTR column will be appearing at Pomona, Kensal, ND58455 Amherst, MA 2. Ellison Towing Co. should not CA Franklin Zahn- Pomona, regular intervals in these Þases. (714)629-s67s "Eleanor Webb (7O1)43s-2876 CA have been allowed to place a bid 5622 Los Angeles WRL - LA, CA and we hope that this cotumn-wiit AlhambraAve. The Peacemaker because of its collusion with the War Resisters League/West Baltimore, WRL/WEST- San Fran., help to make up for the lack of TAX MD21212 1255 Paddock CA lRS. No IRS employees or any 1360 Howard St., 2nd Floor (301) Hills Ave. The Peacemaker (Sharing TALK., a paperwhich for many 43s-6928 Fund) - person or business involved in the San Francisco, C494103 Ci nci n n atti, Ohio 45229 Cincin., OH years had been the most compre- *Jean-J im Matlack (513)242-7980 seizure or auction should be (41s)626-6976 NYCWTR- NewYork, NY hensive sourceof WTR newsänd 623 Main St. al lowed to bid, because of clear Robert Smith New England - advice. San Jose PeaceCenter Amherst, MA01002' WTR Cambridge, MA conflict of interest. For the benef it 300 3O2 South J ackson St. Minnesota WTR - Minneapolii, MN of war tax South 10th St. (413) 2s3-s390 ln a letter of August 24 to Steve resisters Media, P419063 New J ersey WTR - So. Orange, NJ who need counseling and San Jose, CA95112 Ladd of San Francisco WRL from support (4O8)297-2299 New England WarTax (21s)s6s-0247 J asiu Milanowski - Cräni Rapids,lül but don't know where to Resistance the IRS Directorof Collection it turn for help, Box174, MIT PostOffice *Friends (See and for folks who *Mark Looney Peace Center listings for addresses and was learned that the IRS Code does want to start Cambridge MAO2139 phone looking into WTR, we 2237-40th Place NW , 4836 Ellsworth Ave. numbers of the above) not prescribe the manner in which present this list of WTR Centers, (617)731-6139 Pittsburgh, PA15213 Washington ,DC20007 Are there Centers, Counselors, sealed-bid auctions should take Counselors and Alternative (412)683-2669 plaçe. (202)333-6236 "Holyoke Tax Resisters Funds that aren't listed here But IRS will now revise pro- Funds. Yes, WTR is alive and ttrat 652 South East St. "Wayne Vogel/Houston WTR you know about? lf so, do cedural rules "to insurethat in- f lourishing in the post-Vietnarh Washington War Tax Resistance send us l20MarylandAve. Holyoke, M401040 PO Box 66491 their names, addresses and phone terested persons are permitted to era. NE be present" Washington DC2W2 (413)536-6s75 Houston, Texas 77006 numbers. when bids are WTR Centersand Counselors (202) opened. 546-6231, 546-8646 Jasiu Milanowski WRL/WTR Theex-WTR NationalOffice in -SusanWilkins *Arizonians for Los Peace War Resisters 241 Charles SE 331- 17th East Angeles still has WTR 1414South League/Southeast records, McAllister Box7477 Crand Rapids, M149503 Seattle, WA9B112 litêralure, stickers, buttons and Tempe, AZ852B1 (616)4s4-8491 (206) 3 62 - B1 06, 322-2447 (602)966-9371 Atlanta, Ceorgia30309 copies of the classic ain't gonna pay *Ed Hedemann forwarno morecompiled a edited' "KarlMeyer Minnesota War Tax Resistance A (*) designa tes person or group '1209 WRL,/National by Bob Calvert, with preface by Farwell 122 W est Franklin,. Room 320 a war tax resistance co unselor 339 Lafayette St. Dave Dellinger. Writeforthem to: and Chicago, lllinois 60626 Minneapolis, MN 55404 not a center. (312)7U-362O (612)871-1s17 NewYork, NY10012 Mandy Carter, 629 South Hill St., (212)228-O4sO Rm. 915, Los Angeles, CA 90014. 14WlN Oct.21,1976 a Oct.21,1976 WIN 15 ,l

October 23-24. On Saturday, .on.l,í"ìhst the',, United - , the US has the "u"r, l{ow a new excuse for accesó to lines hundreds of miles 23rd, there will be a rally followed States alone holds the key to the proh ibiting Vietnam,s junta's mémber- from their individual location; all by a representational march survival." ship-that Vietnám has of -zNs not a.nY emplovee needs is the code to I people from different towns responded f in ully to US i4quiries on into thê monitoring system. New England carrying petitions Americans missing 9ial in action t.nose with access to the code in- from their towns objecting to the (MlAs). AFSC maintains that Ford clude opgrators, l NATIONWIDE PETITION DRIVE liné repairper- an construction of the Seabrook plant. is opposing admission for domestic sons WILt DEMAND VIETNAM'S and supervisors. H.W. The fair begins at 10 am, the political purposes I ially ADMISSION TO UN. in this election William Caming, the Bell at noon, and some topnotch year. The Security Council has System's speciálist speakers The American postponed in the leealities are being lined up for the Friends Service the vote unti I after the of wiretappìng and surveithîce, event. lt'll all be held at a parkon Committee (AFSC) and25 November other election for this reason. maintains that the Tel Tone US RouteOne in Seabrook. peace and religious groups For 220' the are more information abciut the device could never be misuiããte- Clamshell expects launching a nationwide petition petition, that this will be write or call AFSC. 1501 cause the code is frequently the largest no-nuke rallyever campaign to demand that the Philadelphia, på., SOUTHERNWALKERS taining, and using aÍleetof 241 held US Çlr_er¡V !t,, changed foi security reasons. in this country, and I hope that government allow Vietnam into 19102, (215)241-7060. _ BUSTED FTFTH (AND LAST, bombers for 20 years, as planned all tNs Michigan Bell System officials. WIN readers in and around New the United Nations. wE HOPE!) T|ME by Rockwell lnternational and the however, maintain that the Tel' England will help make that so. The project, announced Octobe¡ SOCIALIST GROUPS US Air Force, would average about ' To¡g 22_Q code is never changed. Twenty walkers were arrested in For latest information, 5, willcallon the US nottoveto ''4' RESPONDTOWRT ,\ $500 per Amer¡can, according to the The Charlotte Observer stãry Newburn, NC late in the afternoon ClamshellAlliance is at PO Box Vietnam's admission to the UN CONFERENCE INVITATION ' the Michigan Free Press. also notes that, last year, a St. of October5. Thegroup, which in- 162, Seabrook, NH 03874,(603) this year as it did last year, and as Some B-1 opponents are Acting at the request of the WRL Louis newspaper reported that the cluded Reverends Bernard Lee 9æ-6514 and964-8077. President Ford has promised to do counting on Democratic presi- National Committee, invitations Bell System secretly recorded and Fred Taylor, both ofthe SCLC this year. Marty Jezer . dential candidate J immy Carter to went out to several socialist or- more than 1.8 million telephone monks from the ln addition, the petition asks $affi.two Japan oppose the bomber in February ganizations in which WRL calls during a six-year perìod Buddha Sarigha, six local reiidents if that the US normalize diolomatic. he is elected. US INFLATES ' members are members, urging a ending in May, 1970, and J im Peck of the WRL staff JUNTA trade and cultural l , relatións with conference Under Federal law, the Bell were charged with However, although Carter criti- the nations to explore the rõlation- "parading' Orlando Letelier, the exiled of lndochina; grant un- ship System's eavesdropping : cized the bomber in J une before the between nonviolence and is quite without a permit." This incident Chilean diplomat conditional amnesty to al I war Democratic platform committee, and statesman socialism. ! legal; this is also true in mosi came on the heels of the arrest of who was assassinated'in resisters and to veterans with less- Carter aides are now saying that he Wash- As WIN went to press the states. Bell System officials claim eight walkers on October 1 in ington earlierthis month, than-honorable discharges; has made no decision toeither was Socialist Party, the NewAmerican the use of eavesdropping.proce- nearby Rocky Mount. Walkers ar- working at provide reconstruction ãid for all of support or oppose the bomber, and thetimeof hisdeath on Movement, and the Democratic dures-is to safeguard the system rested in both places were released a study which alleges that US gov- lndochina; and assure rehabilíta- . would delay such a controversial Socialist Organ izing Committee from fraudulent use, such as poor on personal.recogn izance pendi ng ernment funds virtually pumpup tion for all physically and psycho- decision until afterthe election. have all responded favorably and system quality, misuseof tele- hear¡ngs. They expect charges will the log ical ly wounded veteran s.' Chilean military luntã. SocialistYouth phone credit card numbers and be dropped as they have in t-he AFSC stressed, however, lheJew¡sh Bund ì -rNs Letelier was working closely . that f rau.dule¡t lon g:di past. has made inquiries to see if it could stance cal I i n g. with aúthor Wi lliam Coodfellow on .the immediate goal of the pôtition The FBI Prior have an official observer status. . can also run a,,legaf .l* . to the arrests in Newburn, the report, which was released last drive is Víetnam's admission to the listening .È the walkers The Conference, to be limited in line" from a custorñer1s vigiled at a Voice of week by the I nstitute UN. "lt's þreatest outrage that the SEABROOK CONSTRUCTION for Pol icy. size.in order to make serious dia- phone to an FBI recording station America transmitter near Green- Studies, a well-known only country in the world that is TORESUME Washin¡gton logue possíble, willoccur in New by, simply, notifying Beli-that it is ville, NC. The southern walkers think tank. The actually voting against Vietnam,s report charges that YoIk City.and probably take place tor national security reasons. are now back on the road toward Construction of the twin nuclear besides membership is the United States. US overt aid to Chile, in December. A concrete schedule. Blaine Metcalf Washington. Desk reactors at Seabrook, NH has which has totaled the country that has done so much - -News some $320 mil- agenda, and location will be set up begun again after a one week lion since 1973,the.iunta damage to the Vietnamese ' EVENTS has re- shortly after the end of the Con- DECISIONON moratorium. A Nuclear Reeulatorv ceived millions of dollars more people," said an AFSC spokes- in tinentalWalkwhen WRL staff is BOSTON 8.1 Commission (NRC) decisioã to indirect economic person. J ohn Ciardi, poet, t BOMBER DELAYED aid. back in the office. Not yet heard (and- stop construction pending a review The Coodfellow report The US alone block Vietnam,s lpegfs rhymes) on 'ipoeîry is just indicates from are the Mass Party Or- for "We had a great success,,, of industry plans to safely-store that Chile received admission twice last vear-when Pleasure" at the Communitú massive l ganizing Committee, People,s said Robert Brammer, coordinator radioactíve f Church, Sunday, October24, waste was bver turned balanceof payments aid through the country irst applied for ad- li , of the Party, and Movement for a New am; MorseAuditorium, Campaign to Stóp the B-1 by the NRC itself . That review is the rescheduling of Chile's foreign mission following the defeat of US 602 Com- . Bomber. Society. monwealth A compromise reached in expected fairly soon and it is debt, which is now$4 billion. forces there, and again afterthe -DavidMcReynolds Ave. For information, call (617)226-6710. September by House-Senate con- almost certain thatthe NRCwill According tothe report, while Ceneral Assembly, by a 123-0 PLAYING TAPS ferees will delay a decision give go on a ahead on nuclear con- congressional opponents of the vote, requested that the Securitv All across the country, Bell Tele- NYC- Picket at the Soviet airline pr,oduction of the military's $100- struction around the country, and junta have succeeded in cutting off Council reconsider its decision. Ât phone System employees legally office,45th St. & 5th Ave.; Mon- billion bomber untilthe óext rule that radioactive waste dís- American military aid and limiting that time US representative Daniel listen in and record thousands of day; October18,11:3Oam -2 pm. presidential inauguration. posal'is not a problem, despite Moyn ihan insisted that the other forms of sufport for Chile in- the North private telephone conversation s Sponsored by the Mustafa Environmentalists have waged a fact that it most def initely and South Vietnamese govern- ii a the current budget, these restric- dailywithout the knowledge of Dzhem i lev Defen se Comm ittee. lone fiehi against the bomber, problem and ments (reunif the industry doesn,t tions have not affected the debt re- ication was not then either of the people on theJine. warning of the harm the high- know WASHINGTON, DC-Frank how it's going to deal with scheduling procedure. This completed) could not be admitted Reporters Marion A. Ellis flying, supersonic planes qxcept and Smith of the Adams-Morgan Or- viould do the stuff to issue reassuring reportedly saved Chile as much as unless South Korea was. Howard Connington, to the reported in a ganization s-peaks on Houling and earth's ozone layer, which press releases. Noneof thethree $200 million in The Security Council ref used to copyri ghted cash outflow in1974 Charlotte'Ob server LandSpeculation at the helps to shield the earth fiom ex- reprocessing plants for nuclear and1975. considerthe Sôuth Korean appli- WhoÌiy 1tory, have found that over 430,000 Bagel Coffeehouse. Sundav. cessive radiation. waste built so far work. cation on the grounds that it ¡s UN Chile has insisted in recent Bellemployegs have ready accéss O,c^tobjr31, 7 pm; Since B-1 research and develop- Meanwhile, the Clamshell policythat North and South Korea Quaker Éôus", Alli- months that its economy is Stable, to telephone fines throughbut allof 2.121Decatur Place, NW, ment began, estimates of the cosl ânce is going f ull speed work towards reunif ication $.1 doná- ahead with and has denied the necessityof US and to the 4B continental states. Sponsored per plan have tripled to $88-mil- its plans for an admit the south alone lon. by Tzedek, Alternative Enersv funds in preserving the ruling would not With the aid of the Tel ione 220 Tzedek. lion. The costof buying, main- Fair in this goal. For information, call Seabrook the weekend of-' junta. The lnstitute's study, ñow- aid device, Bell employees also have (202)234-28s6.

16WtN tu.21,1976 Oct.21,197ó wlN17 I

what happened to ther,n at work. '''There was a saying in those days: The foremen take their spite out on the mill hands, the mill hands take it out on their wives, the wives take it out on their kids, the kids take it out on the dog, and the dog takes it out on the cat." 'thetion with management which his sons elaborated in Unlike the Reuthêrs, accordingly, Marquart had to. "social unionism" of the UAW. Victoiwritesof lèarn about unionism and radicalism for himself . ln hii father, his own words: I remember that he spoke with some pride aboutthe Pieceworkturned me into a reb;el , . . Aboutsocial relationship he had estab/ished (he was union tconditions I was illiterate. Theonly items / read in the spokesma n f r om th e beg i n n i n g) wi th th e ow n er s of newspapers were the funnies and the sports page . . . I the brewery, which wai one o{mutual respect based had about as much theoretical knowledge as a country on the stren gth and security held by each side. He be- clod. And yet I became a rebel! . . . The iime.study . lieved thatdirect negotiations should always be con- man's stopwatch told metherewas aconÍlictof ducted with courtesy and consideration for the other interest between me and the company. party's views. He never lost his faith thatwhen men ot Still, it was possible to be a "rebel" and yet hostile r easo ri d e I i be r ate togeth e r, disputres can be settl ed, to Jews and blacks, and contemptuous of socialist am i cab I y an d w i tho u t tota I conf I i ct,\ acr os s th e ba r - gainingtable. soapbox orators. The incident which turned Marquart from a rebel into a radicaloccurred during World War AN AUTOWORKER'S THE These books provide the unusual opportunity to JOURNAL: UAW Sym ptom atic of th is view that class conf I ict can be l. "Like mosttypicalyoung American workers," FROM CRUSADE TO the and growth of ONE.PARTY UNION view creation the United Auto- settled by negotiation was the fact that Val Reuther Marquart relates, " l was patriotic, but not so patriotic Frank Marquart mobileWorkers (UAW) from the standpointof the was given a three-month leaveof absence bythe that I cared to enlist in the Army." When the draft Statê Press pp off icer in charge and the of a Pennsylvania University / 161 from standpoint dis- brewing companywhich employed him to stumpthe w4s,put into effect, he volunteered as a stretcher contented member. Walter Reuther was president of THE BROTHERS REUTHERAÑOTNE STORY the UAWfrom1946 until his death in an airplanê OF THE UAW accident in 197O. Frank Marquart was the educational VictorG. Reuther di rector of th ree m i I itant UAW locals f rom 1937 to Houghton Mifflin Company 523 pp. The Women's Emergency Brigade was irhportant in the success ofthe sit-¡n I t'?8h; strike at Fl int and Detro¡t ¡n early 1937. They provided food to people inside, and maintained picket l¡nesaround the plants to keep police and Nat¡onal Cuard from *o books are the more stimulating because entering the building. Photo from UAW in Pictures by Warner W, Pflug. their protagon,ists had much in common. Both the Reuthei brothers and Marqr.lartûere sorts of immi- grant workers from Cermany. All were preoccupied with workers'education, viewing the union move- ment as a means whereby working people would come to envision, andto work tôgether for, a democratic socialist society. Walter Reuther and Frank Marquart 't,it 'were even comràdes for a time in the Socialist Partv. t Both books tell the story of a Socialist Party caucusin the Reutheis'apartment in 1938, with Marquart among those present, which was interrupted by two gunmen who tried to kidnap Walter Reuther. ' Civen the ideals and experience which they shared, why did the Reuthers and Marquart end up seeing things so differently? ln the last yeari of his life, Walter Reuther was pouring union money and his personal energy into the construction of a UAW edu- cational retreat at Black Lake, Michigan. (Reuther was killed on a f light to the site to inspect its construc- tion . ) For Marquart, on the other hand, Black Lake and the tightly-controlled instrtíction which went on there made a mockery of what workersl education had stateof West Virginia against prohibition. J ust so bearer but to his regret at thè time was classif ied 4-F. meant during the UAW's The Reuthers earlyyears. Leonard Woodcock, Walter Reuther's successor as Then one day the supervisor where Marquart worked and Marquart have equally coñt'rasting views of the UAW preside,nt, now appears together with auto- made the rounds from machineto machine to sell war union itself. Victor Reuther describes it as ademo- mobile manufacturers to urge Coigressional com- bonds. cratic institution making policy thiough "open con- mittees to rai se the tariff on imporied cars. ventions. " Marquart, on the good authority of the one lAln Austrian workei whowas a "learner" on a Frank scholarly study of UAW decisionmaking (J ack In contrast, Marquart's father was a limited cylinder grinding machine said f latly that he would Stieber, Coverningthe UAW),callsthe union a and brutal man. "l can still hear his snarling Cerman not buy any bonds . When pressed by the sa/esman, see - one-party state. accent and the steely look in his eyes anã the . he replied in a uoice all of us could hear : " I won't buy in h is A clue to these differences can be found in thè hatred face, ' ' the son writes more than 60 years any of your goddamn bonds and I hope tl¡eAl/ies /ose Yet respective childhoods of the two men. Val Reuther, later, Marquart is careful to explain that when þis thewar . . . " A number of us rushed at him, threw him fatherof Walter, Victor, and Roy Reuther, was him- father smashed dishes or roared curses he was acting to the f loor, beat him badly, and poured a can of other self an indefatigable trade unionist. He was active in as did immigrants who worked in the steel milll yellow paint over him .' . . Then we told the supervisor near Pittsburgh, and f urther, that these men that unless the " hunky" was fired on the spotwe those Staughton Lynd is an activist historian oppressed around them at home becauseof would ref use to work. The man was fired . .' .

18WtN tu.21,1976 ft.21,1976 WtN 19 \' \ s¡multane.ously de- Communist Party Michigan. Here is one Only one of Marquart's fef low workers had taken no And it is quite clear that the escalator clause, far from workers had lost in wartime, but organizer in example of the imaginative in which part in attacking the Austrian. This was an English- being a Reuther brainchild, was one of the manding:that the colporations "open up tlíeir books" wa! Marquart phaseof made use of a f ilm at f glance to a union man knowñ as " Limey, " a skilled worker who worked transitional demands'r of the Socialist Workers Party before raising p¡ices. As in everyother his irst irrelevant program. next to Marquart, with whom Marquart had ample per:sistently advocated by Trotskyists in the UAW at a " story of the UAW, " however,.Victor Reuther has educational opportun ity to talk. Would-be organ izers today m ight time when Reuther opposed it. once again given us Hamlet without thè Prince of From the public library, I obtained an excellent f ilm learn a good deal from "Limey." Working side by lmportant and'painf ul as these issues are to UAW Denmark. He says not one word about the no-strike . entitled Pasteur, which depicts notonly tñescientific pledge side with Marquart, "Limey" would ask questions: rank and f ilers whom the Reuthers offended in their: in.which the UAW leadership,'Reuther in- experiments conducted by that genius, but also the Why don't the automobile workers have a union? Can climb to powèr, the critical question is what the cluded, acquiesced, about the wave of wildcat strikes way in which the medical bureaucracy of his day tried which rank f you tell me any real difference between the Republi- Reuthers did with their poweroncethey achieved it. through the and ile repudiated the to d.iscredit his theories . AÍter showing the f ilm, I no-strike pledge with their feet, or about the move- can anclthe Democratic parties? Why was your Victor Reuther's book falls apart in dealing with the con d u cted a discuss ion about b'u r ea u cr acy, beg i n n i n g American Civil War fought? These questions were period after his brother became UAW president. We ment.(now being carefully chronicled by Marty with the American Medical Association and ending pledge discussecl to whatever extent Marquart wished. are told about famous persons all over the world who Claberman) publiclyto disavow the no-strike with the growth of bureaucracy in unions. I quoted " Limey" did not press, but rather stimulated, and purportedly became friendsof the Reuthers. We hear in the m idst of the war. passages Írom Michel's Political Parties and sug' with from this authorized version of theriwaited to respond to Marquart's growing little about the rank-and-f ile workeri whom the Oneturns relief gested that unionists inierested in building a labor - historf (complete with publisher's blurb by historian interest. One day " Limey" offered his f riend a story Reuthers represented. The internal historyof the library would dowelltoorder acopy and read it, r. the plain talk of Brother. by ack London. This led to the request for more union in the years after 1946is not merely overþoked, Arthur Schlesinger, J ) to Nearly everyone in the class ordered a copy. J Marquart. Marquart's memoir makes effective useof things by the same author. When oneof these, "The but m isrepresented . Most outrageously, Walter ln addition to classes, forums, and movies, Marquart booki such as Stieber's previouslyåited study, Len ' Dream of Debs," provoked a response from Marquart Reuther is credited by his brother with "planting the un ion newspaper. DeCaux's Labor Radical, and William Serrin's The wrote a weekly column for the local that Debs should be in laif for opposing the war, seeds" of UAW interest in humanizing the work- His two favorite themes, he tells us, were " Limey" responded that he never argued with people place.'The fact, as any lonþtime UAW activist will Company and the Union. The heart of Marquart's personal production for . . never about their politics ortheir religion. "But afew days conf irm, is that Reuther was consistently insensitive narrative is experience, however, and here union democracy and use. I jargon in plain later he handed me an article cut out of some to the concèrn of the union membership to control the his sentences over and over again ring true: one feels used radical butexplained English "working people (a phrase magazine, consisting of excerpts of a speech made by speed of the line, to give the steward more authority they have been hammered out by life. how of hand and hrain'' President Woodrow Wilson to the effect that all in battling the foreman, to expand the right to strike Perhaps most valuable in An Auto Worker's often used by Norman Thomas) are divorced from the production modern wars are fought ovér commercial interêsts." over safety and working conditions. Reuther gave Journal is Marquart's extended discussion of what control oÍ and are themse/ves treated as I i ght I production ln this natural way, Marquart visited "Limey's" speeches about worldwide social problems and fãitãis; education was ke at the hei of CIO mi i- factorsof by those who have control over people home, where he borrowed books ("1 still have negotiated contracts with imaginative fringe benef its tancy. To begin with, he recognizes that education them. I argued that the working themselves place in classrooms, and f irst s ho u I d contr ol the rnea ns of p r od ucti o n at th e pleasant recollections of that visit"), and f inally, but did next to nothing to.give the ordinaryworker took only secondarily and foremost in the self-activity of workers through people should control and democratically-th manage the attended his f irst Young Socialist meeting. more control over his or her work. ' economic, political and social aff airs that vitally Even Victor Reuther's account of the early days of the union. , During the 1920s, young Walter Reuther worked in affecttheir Iives. union organization is disturbingly manipulative. Ac- I observed how workers-who in pre-union dayswere Detroit as a skilled tool and die maker, and young cording to him, the strike at Kelsey Hayes Wheel in m ute ; faceless autom aton s i n the pl a nts_vyÊ r e Consistently with the critical spirit which he advo- Frank Marquart worked there at humbler tãsks like December 1935 began when awoman who had learning f rom their daily strike experience6 . They cates, Marquart (unlike Victor Reuther) offers doubts . grinding. Both men were absent from the city during previously fainted 6ecause of the tem.po of work were learning how to serve on committees, how to and second thoughts about the tactics used by himself the initial, pre-ClO upsurge of industrial union or- "agreed to faint again." Likewise, in the Reuther m a ke re po r ts, w r i te I eaf I ets, i nte r p r et co ntr act and his friends. For instance, for years the principal ganizing in 1933-35, Reuther because he and his '* version of the Flint sit-in, things got under way when c/auses, and above all else, how to talk backto arro- 'rallying cry of UAW radicals was the formation of a 'lt brother: Victor travelled around the world and worked gant "word was sentto Travis and Roy IReuther]to get . and demanding supervisors. labor party. Marquart however asks : at Corky in the Soviet Union, Marquart because he readyforstrikeaction." ltisagreedbyallthat'' had contracteid tuberculosis from dust on the But this is not to ignore what can happen when lDli d n' t we a I so h e I p to def I ect th e r ev o I ution ar y Chevrolet plant Number 4was occupied bytelling the assembly linè. The Reuthers were back in Detroit in imaginative useof the union hallor a summer educ4- trends into reformist pa\hs? For what is a labor party workers at Chevrolet plant Number 9 that Number 9, thefall of 1935 and Marquart earlythe next year. All tion program helps workers to ref lect on and deepen buta reformist party? .lvhen in power the British not Number 4, was the real target, with the result that were unable to get factory jobs, and in one capacity or their shopf loor experiences. Marquart contrasts the Labor Party ably administered British capitalism and the workers at Number 9 convincingly battled the another, began to.work full-time for what they, too, crude surroundings at the f irst UAW summer school did not hesitafe to use armed force to break strikes police for lorig enough to let another,group, privy to called "the movement." in 1937 with the wal l-to-wal I carpeti n g, Dan i sh f urn i- when the occasion arose. the real strategy, totake Number4. According to Vic- ture, and indoor swimming poolat Black Lake. He The Brothers Reuther, Victor Victor Reuther's accountof theolganization of the tor Reuther, "[t]hey bore no grudge, knowing that At the close of notes that, even then, he was theonly instructorwho Reuther states that the new goal of the generation UAW touches a number of controversies in UAW his- they could never have pqt up as convincing a fight as had actuallyworked in an auto plant, andobserved: coming into the labor movementwill be "the right of tory and hagiography, among them: they had if they had known the plan beforehand." I participate in some of the corporate deci' 1. How did Walter Reuther obtain credentials to the am skeptical. But even if Reuther is right, the top- Any subject, whether collective bargainingor workers to so heavilyon ourown lives 1936 UAW convention from a local where he had down way in which CIO unions were to be ad- psychology or labor history or whatever, can be made sion-making that bears and I ives of chi ldren. Frank Marquart ends never worked ? ministered was prefigured in this top-down way in meaningf ul to workers iÍ it is presented in a way that the our " note: 2. Who was primarily responsible forthe which organizing strategy was decided. makes sense in terms oÍ their experience. Workers An Auto Worker's Journal on the same "The in labor history wilIr:evolve organizing in Flint, Michigan beforethe sit-down of Between the organizing drives which resulted in don't think in abstractions, but in terms of the con- next big breakthrough around a new quesûion: Who controls the work?" J anuary 1937? contracts with Ceneral Motors (1937) and Ford crete. is in 3. Who was primarily responsible for devising the (1940), and the years of Reuther's presidency begin- Where Reqther and Marquart evidently differ tactic for taking Chevrolet plant Number 4 which was As an educational director for local unions, Mar- whgre one should look for leadership in this new I ning in 1946,layWorld War ll. Victor Reuther quart staged "no-holds-barred, give-and-take model of the a key to the rröesr of the Élint sit-down ? presents an attractive pictureof his brother's activity type of . struggle. Orienting himself by the career on subjects which would not be per- Walter, Reuther has been busily 4. What was the origin of the demand for an "es- during the war. We see Walter insisting, on the basis discussions" of his brother, at Black Lake or any UAW Iocal today: promoting candidates for top off ice in other unions, calator" (cost of living) clause in the UAW contract? of his own experience as atool and die maker both in mitted Whether to support the Democratic Party, for such as Arnold Miller and Ed'Sadlowski. Marquart, Victor Reuther's treat,ment of these matters has a the United States and at Corky, that American at¡to- instance, or whether international union officers on the othêr hand, sees hope for the f uture in persons tendency to ascribe to the Reuthers ideas wh ich may rnobile manufacturers could convert their existing be elected by referendum, rather than (as very much like himself, men andwomen who have initially have come from other sources. Regarding plants to defense production; oppo-sing-both the should now) at UAW conventions, or how the international learned through their own experience to be unionists Controversy No, 3, I have been assured byonewho Communist Party and a majority of the UAW Execu- union suppresses wildcat strikes. Likewise he invited and democratic socialists, and who have found was there that as a memberof the Socialist Party tive Board who wished to reintroduce piecework to aid ways speakers who today would be taboo: Men süch as to make that vision real for other rank and f ilers. caucus Walter Reuther voted against the tactic which the war effort; and f inally, at wa¡'s end, leading a' Scott Nearing and Norman Thomas, or the Lynd led to the occupation of Chevrolet plant Number 4' strike against Ceneral Motors to recoup the wages Socialists -Staughton

Oct. 21, 1976 WIN 21 20WlN Oct.21, 1976 )

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22WlN Oct.21,1976 Oct. 21, 1976 WIN 23 wh,at ùid Ao% leq,rn i%'sclùool tndW?

.rf THE 1977 PEACE CALENDAR I AND APPOINTMENT BOOK \ -Preface Ay Grace Paley I <ì Introduction by Jonathan Kozol

¡li rlxlll ¡lr Provoc4tive statements, excerpts and quotations about how and what we irrL'¡rcr¡rft'¡¡r'¡' h¡¡ lxu'n r¡'¡ehrrl. teach our kids. And the better, more creative ways that we could be teaching th,' ¡¡rl¡rll rho hu'¡r. on hel¡iing them. ' .|¡r.¡.r¡lnr'¡ ¡r¡ ob¡lí'ft'. .. . Over 50 contributors-from John Holt to Doris Lessing, from Ral¡ih Waldo Emerson to Bob Dylan-criticize the status quo, argue with each other, and help you to undersrand why our educatio¡ral system fails our children and the steps we need to take to.¡aise kids for a creative, just and peaceful future,

More than a practical Calendar, this is a book that will be treasured long after the Year is over. Its 128 spiral-bound pages have a pâge for every week of the year; facing pages of texts and graphics; and listings of peace organizations and periodi- cals, American and foreign. lmportant dates in the history of the movement What they said ¡bout e¡rlier Calcnd¡rc! for social change are noted.

Rep. Ronald Dellums-The. Peace Calendar Only $3 each, four for $11; additional copies $2.75 each. ldeal for holiday: will have a place on the desk of my Congres- gift givingl i sional office. , Feiicia and Lebn¡rd Bernstein - We have found this Calendar fascinating-we think f you will also. wAR RESTSTERS IEAGUE / 339 IATAYETTI STREET / NEW YORK NY 10012 I Daniel Ellsberg-The Calendar will introduçe I you. and your triends to à communiÇ of re- I t enclose, for ... ,., 1977 PEACE CAIENDARS, at $3 each sistance, comm¡tted to nonviolent chang-e, a .-l community that can make. it easier for you- (SPECIAL: four for $11; additionrl copies, $2.75 e¡ch) | as it has for me-to carry out the prescription that it was staying sane that you carried .l "by NY C¡ty and State residents, add approprìate sales on the human heritage.". tax - : I ..-,| I Nat Hentoff-lt is that rare combination of , , Foreign postage (10%) something that ¡s both functional and in- I spiriting. ct William Sloan Coffin, fr.-So for this Calen- osED , i dar, as for so many otherlhings; we are again mv ne mP indebted, to the War Resisters League. , - Dwight Macdonatd-These Peace,Calendars have becpme an annual literary event, my address I I Muiiel Rukeyser-Here is a gift tliat can last long after the date pages havè been torn out; Zip I the kind of.gift that can bg kept and valued, I with a special remembrance, by the friends I who receive it.

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